Unit 1 Back to School 素养培优练(1) -2026-2027学年高一上学期英语译林版必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦单元主题，通过多样化语篇与题型训练，融合语言能力培养与思维品质提升，构建“语篇理解-题型突破-素养内化”的复习体系。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|3篇12题（新闻/人物传记/夹叙夹议）|细节定位、推理推断、词句猜测、主旨概括|不同体裁语篇的信息获取与深层理解，渗透文化意识与逻辑思维| |完形填空|1篇15题（记叙文）|语境词汇辨析与情感线索把握|通过上下文语义连贯理解，强化语言运用与学习能力|

Unit 1　Back to School 素养培优练(一) 班级： 姓名： 成绩： Ⅰ.阅读理解(共12小题;每小题2.5分,满分30分) A Fairview Place neighbors will soon be getting “cool pavement(路面)” again—after the first time around didn’t go as planned. “You would find little dog paw prints and streaks of grey coolant(冷却剂) all across the pavement,” said Kyle Callert. In February, Phoenix’s Street Transportation Department held a meeting with the Fairview Neighborhood Association and local people to explain that the mess was a result of trying out a new product. Moving forward, the city promised to go back to using its original(最初的), trusted product that had been found to be successful. “The surface temperature, especially during the heat of the day, is 10 to 12 degrees cooler than traditional asphalt(沥青). That’s because it’s not collecting and storing heat like dark asphalt does, only to give it off slowly at night,” said Heather Murphy from the Street Transportation Department. Neighbors who live between 15th and 17th Street and from McDowell Road to Encanto Boulevard were given a survey with the choice of going back to traditional asphalt. But the results came back, showing more are in support of the cooler choice. Kyle Callert is excited about all it has to offer, especially because his dogs love being outdoors. “I would feel more comfortable walking if it were cooler in the middle of the summer. Plus, it gives the neighborhood a unique look,” said Kyle Callert. The Street Transportation Department says there will be 100 miles of “cool pavement” in 11 neighborhoods across the city by mid-June. “This shows a 20-degree difference. So, I am a strong supporter of ‘cool pavement’,” said one local resident. 1.What is the present situation of the pavement in Fairview Place? A.It is a mess. B.It is unusable. C.It looks terribly old. D.It remains unfinished. 2.Why was the meeting held according to Paragraph 3? A.To collect locals’ ideas on a product. B.To test a product in the neighborhood. C.To provide an answer to locals’ problems. D.To keep the Department’s early promises. 3.What do Murphy’s words in Paragraph 4 center on? A.The costs of “cool pavement”. B.The protection of “cool pavement”. C.The plans for “cool pavement”. D.The advantage of “cool pavement”. 4.What does Callert say about “cool pavement”? A.It is the cheapest of all cool choices. B.It makes their neighborhood special. C.It attracts more dogs to the outside. D.It is more environmentally friendly. B A picture of 17-year-old Zhang Guimei has won great popularity on China’s social media.The young girl with black-rimmed glasses and two short braids is smiling brightly into the camera.Netizens are deeply touched by the fresh-faced girl in the picture,which is a far cry from Zhang’s now aged and weathered face that people are familiar with,as it tells a story of a woman who has devoted her life to promoting education and fighting poverty in rural areas. Born in Northeast China’s Heilongjiang Province in 1957,Zhang traveled to Yunnan at the age of 17 and has been helping girls from poor areas pursue education for over 50 years.Zhang helped establish the country’s first senior high school to offer free education for girls from poor families.The school provides free education for girls who would otherwise have had no chance to study after completing their nine years of compulsory education. Despite having serious health problems,Zhang Guimei has taken morning classes with students for 12 years.She has also racked up 110,000 kilometres visiting her students’ families over the years.Most of her salary and bonuses were spent on students.Since the school opened in 2008,it has seen more than 1,800 students progress to universities and colleges.  “I was built to be a mountain,not a creek,rising to the high peaks with the small valleys at my feet.I was born to be great,not worthless,standing on the shoulders of the giants,the petty cowards beneath me.” The motto of Huaping High School for Girls is also a true reflection of Zhang Guimei’s strength and resolve. On Feb.25,2021,President Xi Jinping presented an award to Zhang Guimei to mark the nation’s poverty alleviation accomplishments and honor exceptional poverty fighters at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. 5.Why are netizens deeply moved by the photo? A.Because the girl’s appearance is appealing. B.Because they are familiar with Zhang’s face. C.Because it reminds them of an admirable figure. D.Because it spreads wildly on China’s social media. 6.What does the underlined phrase “racked up” in Paragraph 4 mean? A.Decreased B.Collected. C.Extended. D.Reduced. 7.Which of the following best describes Zhang Guimei according to the text? A.Devoted and knowledgeable. B.Selfless and independent. C.Responsible and creative. D.Determined and ambitious. 8.Where does the text probably come from? A.A news report. B.A geographic atlas. C.A scientific book. D.A tourist guide. C Even now,I have vivid memories of my last day of high school.In my mind’s eye,I’m cleaning out my locker,and then staring at the emptiness for a few extra beats before slamming it shut for the last time.I’m wandering around the halls with my best friend,blissfully ignoring the bells going off every 50 minutes on schedule because,just today,we’re allowed to break the rules.I’m sitting on my desk,swinging my feet,and shooting the breeze(闲聊) with my English teacher,Mr.Carr,in a way that makes me feel almost grown up. It was maybe my favorite day of the whole year.Like the final layer of watercolor,the freedom and lightness I felt seep(渗透) into the rest of my memories of that day and turn them just a shade rosier. If the school year hasn’t yet ended for you,consider what you can do to make the finale count.Why? Because when it comes to human memory,not all moments are created equal.Instead,our remembered experiences are disproportionately(不成比例地) influenced by peaks(the best moments as well as the worst) and endings(the last moments).Nobel Prize winner Danny Kahneman,who discovered this phenomenon,called this the peak-end rule.It suggests that our judgment of a past experience is largely based on its most extreme point and its end point. I took advantage of the peak-end rule years ago,when my girls were young enough to want a bedtime story each night.I remember thinking that whatever disagreement and stress had occurred that day,I could make the last moments count.I could end on a note of calm and act like the patient mom I hadn’t quite managed to be just hours before. Don’t mistake all moments as equal in significance.There’s a reason why yoga classes end with savasana(挺卧式).There’s a reason we eat dessert last.Do organize endings carefully.As Seattle Seahawks coach Pete Carroll might say:Finish strong.Last impressions are especially lasting. 9.What does the author suggest doing to make the end of a school year memorable? A.Planning a special event for the last day. B.Reflecting on the entire academic year. C.Ignoring school regulations. D.Focusing on the final exam. 10.Which statement is TRUE about the peak-end rule? A.The last moments matter the most in our memories. B.Peaks in life can be remembered better than endings. C.The peaks and ends of experiences are easier to remember. D.Our judgment of the past is determined by first impressions. 11.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A.What struggles the author had in life. B.How the author treated her daughters. C.Why the author read stories to her kids. D.How the author applied the rule to daily life. 12.Why is Pete Carroll mentioned in the last paragraph? A.To show the importance of doing sports. B.To explain why last impressions are lasting. C.To prove the peak-end rule can be used in sports. D.To encourage readers to value the last moments of an experience. Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分) Forty years ago,Mrs Austen was my first-grade teacher,an old lady with salt-and-pepper hair,firm but kind,patient and 　13　 .She let us bake gingerbread men in the school cafeteria—a delightful 　14　 that amazed me.And whenever we read the Jack and Janet books,she wouldn’t let the other kids 　15　 my classmate Jack or me.  But I came to truly 　16　 Mrs Austen when a dress-up day was 　17　.On that day,we were encouraged to wear clothes in the 　18　of the mid-1800s.My mother,a superb tailor,made a pioneer-style dress for me.I was so proud 　19　 it as I walked to school that day.When I got there,however,I was the only one in my class who had dressed up,feeling kind of 　20　.Mrs Austen oohed and aahed over my 　21　 and then went to her office.It didn’t take long before she 　22　 in a frontier-style dress! She explained that she had asked her husband to bring the costume.  We moved away two years later,and I still 　23　 that I never told Mrs Austen how 　24　 I was to her,a teacher who went out of her way,and even 　25　 her husband’s help,to keep a little girl from feeling 　26　.I had many wonderful teachers throughout the years,but Mrs Austen has always held a(n) 　27　 place in my heart.  13.A.neighborly B.cowardly C.grandmotherly D.scholarly 14.A.treat B.view C.journey D.story 15.A.call on B.work through C.laugh at D.engage with 16.A.remember B.appreciate C.believe D.approach 17.A.advanced B.canceled C.established D.scheduled 18.A.exhibition B.style C.course D.show 19.A.making B.holding C.wearing D.owning 20.A.contented B.frightened C.disappointed D.embarrassed 21.A.recipe B.present C.costume D.material 22.A.reappeared B.displayed C.judged D.modeled 23.A.assume B.regret C.imagine D.pretend 24.A.dedicated B.significant C.attached D.grateful 25.A.sought B.responded C.offered D.declined 26.A.at ease B.in order C.out of place D.under control 27.A.typical B.special C.obvious D.ideal 参考答案 Ⅰ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了美国凤凰城Fairview Place社区 “凉爽路面” 项目的波折与推广。 1.A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段“You would find little dog paw prints and streaks of grey coolant all across the pavement(你会看到狗爪印和灰色冷却剂的痕迹遍布路面)”及第三段“the mess was a result of trying out a new product(这种混乱是尝试新产品的结果)”可知,Fairview Place的路面现状是混乱的。故选A项。 2.C　推理判断题。根据第三段“In February, Phoenix’s Street Transportation Department held a meeting...to explain that the mess was a result of trying out a new product. 居民发现路面脏乱，部门开会向居民解释问题产生的原因，也就是对居民反映的问题作出回应。故选C项。 3.D　细节理解题。根据第四段Heather Murphy提到“The surface temperature...is 10 to 12 degrees cooler than traditional asphalt. That’s because it’s not collecting and storing heat like dark asphalt does(表面温度……比传统沥青低10到12度。那是因为它不像深色沥青那样收集和储存热量)”可知,该段重点说明“cool pavement”的温度优势。故选D项。 4.B　细节理解题。根据文章最后Kyle Callert的话“it gives the neighborhood a unique look(它给社区带来独特的外观)”,“unique look(独特外观)”对应B选项“It makes their neighborhood special.(它让他们的社区变得特别。)”。故选B项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了致力于农村教育和扶贫的先进个人——张桂梅。 5.C　细节理解题。根据第一段内容及下文对照片上女孩故事的具体介绍可知,网友们被这张照片深深打动了是因为它让他们想起了一个令人钦佩的人物。 6.B　词句猜测题。根据下文“110,000 kilometres visiting her students’ families(11万千米来拜访她的学生家庭)”可知,多年来,为了走访学生家庭,她累计走访了11万千米。故画线词的意思是“累计”。 7.D　推理判断题。根据第二段“为来自贫困家庭的女孩提供免费教育”及第三段“她的大部分工资和奖金都花在了学生身上。”可知,张桂梅是一个坚定有抱负的人。 8.A　推理判断题。文章主要讲述了致力于农村教育和扶贫的先进个人——张桂梅。由此可知,文章可能来自新闻报道。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述作者通过自己高中最后一天的鲜活记忆和坚持给女儿讲睡前故事的经历讲述了“峰终定律”,它表明我们对一段经历的判断很大程度上取决于这段经历的巅峰和结尾,并建议人们珍惜结尾。 9.A　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,人类对一段经历的高峰(最好的时刻和最坏的时刻)和结尾记忆最深,所以作者建议提前考虑学年的结尾方式,从而让它变得有意义。由此可推知,作者建议为学年最后一天策划一个特殊的活动。 10.C　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,峰终定律表明,我们对过去经历的判断很大程度上是基于其最极端的点和终点,由此可推知,一段经历的巅峰和结尾是最容易被记住的。 11.D　主旨大意题。根据第四段内容可知,本段主要讲述了作者在生活中运用峰终定律,为女儿们读睡前故事,当一个耐心的妈妈,让每一天的最后时刻变得有意义。 12.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,作者在最后建议读者要仔细安排结尾,并引用Pete Carroll的话“强势完成比赛”来说明最后的印象会非常持久,强调结尾的重要性,由此可推知,作者提到Pete Carroll是为了鼓励读者重视一段经历的最后时刻。 Ⅱ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对曾经老师的回忆,描述了和老师之间的一段温馨而深刻的师生关系。 13.C　根据上文“kind,patient”以及下文内容可知,Austen老师是一位慈祥的老师。 14.A　根据上文“bake gingerbread men”可知,老师带学生在烤姜饼人,这是一种令人愉快的款待。 15.C　根据上文“whenever we read the Jack and Janet books”和下文“Jack or me”可推测,作者的名字应该是Janet,根据常理可知,小孩可能会因为自己的同学和故事书中人物同名而嘲笑同学。 16.B　根据下文“a teacher who went out of her way,and even...her husband’s help,to keep a little girl from feeling...”可知,作者非常感激自己的老师曾经为她所做的一切,保护了一个女孩的自尊心。 17.D　根据下文“On that day,...of the mid-1800s.”可知,学校安排了一次装扮日。 18.B　根据上下文意思可知,学校鼓励学生在装扮日穿19世纪中期风格的衣服。 19.C　根据上文“My mother,a superb tailor,made a pioneer-style dress for me.”以及下文“I was the only one in my class who had dressed up”可知,作者是穿着妈妈所做的裙子去了学校。 20.D　根据上文“I was the only one in my class who had dressed up”可知,作者是班里唯一一个穿着19世纪中期风格裙子的人,根据常理可知,作者此时感到有点尴尬。 21.C　根据上文作者穿着妈妈做的19世纪中期风格的裙子,由此可知,Austen对作者的服装啧啧称奇。 22.A　根据上文“Mrs Austen oohed and...went to her office.”可知,Austen老师去了办公室,空处指的是她穿着一件边疆风格的裙子再次出现了。 23.B　根据下文“I never told...I was to her”可知,作者并未向老师表达自己的感激,作者感到很遗憾。 24.D　根据上文内容可知,Austen老师看到只有作者一人穿了19世纪风格的衣服,为了保护一个小女孩的自尊心,老师让丈夫为自己送来了那个时代的服装,并且穿上从而让作者不会感到尴尬。由此可推测,作者对老师充满了感激。 25.A　根据上文“She explained that she had asked her husband to bring the costume.”可知,Austen老师当时是向自己的丈夫寻求帮助。 26.C　当时只有作者一人穿着19世纪风格的衣服,由此可知,当时的作者感到自己与其他同学格格不入,而Austen老师的行为让作者感到没那么尴尬。 27.B　根据全文内容可知,Austen老师给作者留下了深刻的印象,Austen老师对作者而言有着特殊的意义。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $