Unit 1 Great People 精读精练学案2026-2027学年沪教版英语九年级上册

该初中英语学案以“Great People”为主题，聚焦“历史人物”“社会贡献”“个人品质”子主题，核心语法为“形容词+that从句”。通过将单元语法、词汇、句型系统整合为精读范文《An Extraordinary Woman of Science》，引导学生在语篇语境中理解语言点逻辑关联，构建“输入-解析-应用”的递进式学习路径。 亮点在于“人物传记深度探究”设计，结合王贞仪事迹开展读后思考（如分析“她如何让普通人理解月食”）、任务型阅读（对比Hypatia与王贞仪的相似经历）等活动，培养语言能力（语篇理解与表达）、文化意识（家国情怀）和思维品质（分析评价）。配套知识梳理（词汇、短语、句型）及典型错例分析，为学生单元复习提供系统支持，也为教师实施针对性教学提供清晰指导。

九年级英语（沪教版）上册 · 精读精练学案 Unit 1 Great People 本单元主题为"Great People"，属于"人与社会"范畴，涉及"历史人物""社会贡献""个人品质"等子主题。阅读文本《Wang Zhenyi — an outstanding woman scholar》以人物传记形式，介绍清代女科学家王贞仪的成长经历、科学成就与思想观念。本单元主要语法为形容词 + that从句（Adjectives + that-clauses），用于表达观点和情感。 本学案将单元各板块的语法规则、主要词汇、固定搭配、重点句型系统整合为一篇精读范文，通过精读该文，学生能够在语篇语境中系统理解各项语言点的实际用法，整体把握各知识点之间的逻辑关联。 一、精读范文 An Extraordinary Woman of Science ①Good morning, everyone. ②Today I would like to tell you about one of the most outstanding women in the history of Chinese science. ③Her name is Wang Zhenyi, a brilliant scholar who lived during the Qing dynasty. ④I am sure that her story will inspire every one of you. ⑤Wang Zhenyi was born in 1768 into a family that valued education deeply. ⑥Her grandfather taught her astronomy, her father taught her mathematics, and her grandmother taught her poetry. ⑦She was so eager to learn that she spent most of her time studying in her grandfather's library. ⑧Although the science books were old-fashioned and difficult to understand, she never gave up. ⑨The ordinary people around her could not read those texts at all, but she believed that knowledge should be shared with everyone. ⑩She was determined that she would master this knowledge and make it accessible. ⑪Wang Zhenyi realised that scientific texts needed to be written in a clear way. ⑫With this in mind, she rewrote Mei Wending's famous book on calculation. ⑬She was so talented that she created a simpler method of multiplication and division at the age of 24. ⑭In addition to mathematics, she also studied astronomy on her own. ⑮She was confident that she could explain natural events in a simple way. ⑯She set up a model of a lunar eclipse in her garden. ⑰She used a round table as the Earth, a lamp as the Sun, and a round mirror as the Moon. ⑱The model was so clear that even the youngest children could understand how a lunar eclipse happened. ⑲She showed that eclipses were completely natural, not a sign of heaven's anger. ⑳I am amazed that she could make such complex ideas so simple! ㉑ Wang Zhenyi was also an excellent poet.㉒ She was not only fond of writing poetry but also used it as a tool to express her modern views, including the belief that women are no less intelligent than men.㉓ She was proud that she could speak for women through her poems. ㉔In one of her poems, she asked, "Are you not convinced that daughters can also be heroic?" ㉕Wang Zhenyi died at the very young age of 29. ㉖However, her contributions were so great that she is still remembered today. ㉗In 1994, the International Astronomical Union named a crater on Venus after her. ㉘It is fitting that such an extraordinary woman should be honoured in this way. ㉙I hope that her story encourages us all to pursue knowledge bravely, no matter what difficulties we face. 【中文翻译】 ①大家早上好。②今天我想和大家聊聊中国科学史上最杰出的女性之一。③她的名字叫王贞仪，一位生活在清代的天才学者。④我相信她的故事会激励在座的每一个人。 ⑤王贞仪于1768年出生在一个高度重视教育的家庭。⑥她的祖父教她天文学，父亲教她数学，祖母教她诗歌。⑦她如此渴望学习，以至于大部分时间都在祖父的书房里研读。⑧尽管科学书籍陈旧且难以理解，但她从未放弃。⑨她身边的普通百姓根本不识字，但她坚信知识应该与所有人分享。⑩她下定决心要掌握这些知识，并使之通俗易懂。 ⑪王贞仪意识到科学文本需要用清晰的方式书写。⑫带着这个想法，她重写了梅文鼎著名的计算著作。⑬她极有天赋，24岁时就创造了一种更简便的乘除法运算方法。⑭除了数学，她还自学了天文学。⑮她相信自己能用简单的方式解释自然现象。 ⑯她在花园里搭建了一个月食模型。⑰她用圆桌代表地球，一盏灯代表太阳，一面圆镜代表月亮。⑱这个模型如此清晰，连最小的孩子都能理解月食是如何发生的。⑲她证明了日食和月食完全是自然现象，而不是上天发怒的征兆。⑳我很惊讶她能如此化繁为简！ ㉑王贞仪还是一位优秀的诗人。㉒她不仅喜爱创作诗歌，还将其作为表达现代观点的工具，其中包括"女性并不比男性笨"的信念。㉓她为自己的诗歌能为女性发声而感到自豪。㉔在一首诗中她问道："难道你不相信女儿也能成为英雄吗？" ㉕王贞仪在年仅29岁时就去世了。㉖然而，她的贡献如此巨大，至今仍被人们铭记。㉗1994年，国际天文学联合会以她的名字命名了金星上的一座环形山。㉘这样一位杰出的女性以这种方式获得纪念，是恰如其分的。㉙我希望她的故事能鼓励我们大家勇敢地追求知识，无论面临什么困难。 【读后思考】 1. What are the main subjects that Wang Zhenyi studied? Who taught her each subject? 2. What did Wang Zhenyi do to help ordinary people understand a lunar eclipse? 3. In what ways was Wang Zhenyi "ahead of her time" according to the passage? 【主要知识点索引】 知识点 序号 类别 I am sure that... ④ 形容词+that从句（表达确信） The ordinary people ⑨ 主要词汇 ordinary She was determined that... ⑩ 形容词+that从句（表达决心） With this in mind ⑫ 主要短语 In addition to ⑭ 主要短语 She was confident that... ⑮ 形容词+that从句（表达自信） I am amazed that... ⑳ 形容词+that从句（表达惊讶） be fond of ㉒ 主要短语 She was proud that... ㉓ 形容词+that从句（表达自豪） Are you not convinced that... ㉔ 形容词+that从句（疑问句形式） It is fitting that... ㉘ 形容词+that从句（表达评价） no matter what ㉙ 主要短语 二、范文逐点解析 ① Good morning, everyone. 知识点：演讲稿开场白，用于正式讲话的开头，后接演讲主题。 例句：Good morning, everyone. Today I'm going to talk about my favourite book. ② Today I would like to tell you about one of the most outstanding women in the history of Chinese science. 知识点：would like to do sth. 意为"想要做某事"，用于礼貌表达意愿。one of the + 最高级 + 可数名词复数，意为"最……之一"。outstanding意为"杰出的"。in the history of意为"在……的历史上"。 例句：She is one of the most outstanding scientists in the world. ③ Her name is Wang Zhenyi, a brilliant scholar who lived during the Qing dynasty. 知识点：a brilliant scholar who lived during the Qing dynasty整体作Wang Zhenyi的同位语，对主语的学术身份和时代背景进行补充说明。who引导定语从句，修饰先行词scholar。brilliant意为"才华横溢的"。during the Qing dynasty意为"在清朝时期"。 例句：My mother is a kind person who always helps others. ④ I am sure that her story will inspire every one of you. 知识点：I am sure that...为"形容词 + that从句"结构。sure为形容词，后接that引导的从句。inspire意为"激励、鼓舞"，常见搭配为inspire sb. to do sth.（激励某人做某事）。该句为主题句，引出下文。 例句：I am sure that you will succeed. Her story inspired me to work harder. ⑤ Wang Zhenyi was born in 1768 into a family that valued education deeply. 知识点：was born into意为"出生于……家庭"。that引导定语从句，修饰family。value在此为动词，意为"重视"。deeply为副词，修饰valued。 例句：He was born into a poor family that valued hard work. ⑥ Her grandfather taught her astronomy, her father taught her mathematics, and her grandmother taught her poetry. 知识点：该句展示了S + V + IO + DO（主谓宾宾）结构。taught her astronomy中，her为间接宾语，astronomy为直接宾语。mathematics（数学）常缩写为maths，astronomy（天文学），poetry（诗歌）。 例句：My uncle teaches me English. ⑦ She was so eager to learn that she spent most of her time studying in her grandfather's library. 知识点：so...that...引导结果状语从句（复习拓展）。eager to do意为"渴望做某事"。spend time (in) doing sth.意为"花时间做某事"。 例句：She was so tired that she fell asleep immediately. ⑧ Although the science books were old-fashioned and difficult to understand, she never gave up. 知识点：Although引导让步状语从句，意为"虽然"。注意：although不能与but在同一个句子中连用。old-fashioned为单元主要词汇，意为"陈旧的、过时的"；give up意为"放弃"。 例句：Although it was raining, they went on with the work. ⑨ The ordinary people around her could not read those texts at all, but she believed that knowledge should be shared with everyone. 知识点：ordinary为单元主要词汇，意为"普通的、平凡的"。ordinary people意为"普通人"，与前面的"scholar"形成对比。at all为副词短语，在否定句中起加强语气的作用，意为"根本、完全"。should be shared为情态动词的被动语态。 例句：Ordinary people can also achieve great things if they work hard. ⑩ She was determined that she would master this knowledge and make it accessible. 知识点：was determined that...为"形容词 + that从句"结构。determined意为"下定决心的"。master在此为动词，意为"掌握"。accessible意为"易懂的"，该词呼应上文的"share with everyone"，体现王贞仪知识普及的自觉意识。 例句：He was determined that he would win the competition. ⑪ Wang Zhenyi realised that scientific texts needed to be written in a clear way. 知识点：realised that...为动词 + that从句（宾语从句）。注意辨析：该句为动词后的that从句，与形容词+that从句不同。need to be written为"需要被书写"，其中texts与write构成被动关系（文本是被书写而非主动书写），故用不定式的被动形式to be written。 例句：She realised that she had made a mistake. ⑫ With this in mind, she rewrote Mei Wending's famous book on calculation. 知识点：With this in mind为单元主要短语，意为"带着这个想法"。rewrite意为"重写"。calculation意为"计算"。该短语起承上启下的作用。 例句：With safety in mind, we should follow the rules. ⑬ She was so talented that she created a simpler method of multiplication and division at the age of 24. 知识点：so...that...引导结果状语从句（复习拓展）。talented意为"有天赋的"。method of意为"……的方法"。multiplication（乘法）和division（除法）为数学术语。at the age of意为"在……岁时"。 例句：He was so clever that he solved the problem quickly. ⑭ In addition to mathematics, she also studied astronomy on her own. 知识点：In addition to为单元主要短语，意为"除……之外（还）"，to为介词，后接名词或动名词。on one's own意为"独自地"，相当于by oneself。 例句：In addition to English, he also speaks French. ⑮ She was confident that she could explain natural events in a simple way. 知识点：was confident that...为"形容词 + that从句"结构。confident意为"自信的"。explain意为"解释"。natural events意为"自然现象"。in a simple way意为"以简单的方式"。 例句：I am confident that we will win. ⑯ She set up a model of a lunar eclipse in her garden. 知识点：set up意为"搭建、建立"。model意为"模型"。a lunar eclipse意为"月食"。 例句：The children set up a tent in the garden. ⑰ She used a round table as the Earth, a lamp as the Sun, and a round mirror as the Moon. 知识点：use...as...意为"把……用作……"。round意为"圆的"。该句展示了王贞仪的实验设计。 例句：We can use a bottle as a vase. ⑱ The model was so clear that even the youngest children could understand how a lunar eclipse happened. 知识点：so...that...引导结果状语从句（复习拓展，参见⑦解析）。even意为"甚至"，加强语气。youngest为young的最高级。understand后接how引导的宾语从句。 例句：The instruction was so clear that everyone understood it. ⑲ She showed that eclipses were completely natural, not a sign of heaven's anger. 知识点：showed that...为动词 + that从句（宾语从句）。completely意为"完全地"。a sign of意为"……的征兆"。heaven's anger意为"上天的愤怒"。 例句：The scientist showed that the theory was correct. ⑳ I am amazed that she could make such complex ideas so simple! 知识点：amazed that...为"形容词 + that从句"结构。amazed意为"感到惊奇的"（修饰人），amazing意为"令人惊奇的"（修饰物）。complex意为"复杂的"。such complex ideas为"such + 形容词 + 复数名词"结构。 例句：We are amazed that he finished the work in one day. ㉑ Wang Zhenyi was also an excellent poet. 知识点：also为副词，意为"也"，放在be动词之后。poet意为"诗人"。excellent意为"优秀的"。 例句：She is also a talented painter. ㉒ She was not only fond of writing poetry but also used it as a tool to express her modern views, including the belief that women are no less intelligent than men. 知识点：be fond of为单元主要短语，意为"喜爱"，of为介词，后接动名词writing。not only...but also...连接两个并列的谓语部分（was fond of...和used...）。including为介词，意为"包括"。the belief that...为同位语从句。no less...than意为"和……一样"。 例句：He is not only intelligent but also hard-working. ㉓ She was proud that she could speak for women through her poems. 知识点：was proud that...为"形容词 + that从句"结构。proud意为"自豪的"；pride为名词（take pride in）。speak for意为"为……发声"。through意为"通过"。 例句：I am proud that my son won the first prize. ㉔ In one of her poems, she asked, "Are you not convinced that daughters can also be heroic?" 知识点：are you not convinced为否定疑问句。convinced that...为"形容词 + that从句"结构，convinced意为"坚信的"。heroic意为"英雄的"。该句为直接引语。 例句：Are you not convinced that we can do it? ㉕ Wang Zhenyi died at the very young age of 29. 知识点：die at the age of意为"在……岁时去世"。very在此加强语气，意为"仅仅"。该句点明王贞仪英年早逝，与后文形成对比。 例句：The famous artist died at the age of 37. ㉖ However, her contributions were so great that she is still remembered today. 知识点：so...that...引导结果状语从句（复习拓展）。contributions意为"贡献"。be remembered为被动语态，意为"被铭记"。 例句：His contributions were so great that he was honoured by everyone. ㉗ In 1994, the International Astronomical Union named a crater on Venus after her. 知识点：name...after...意为"以……的名字命名"。crater意为"环形山"。Venus意为"金星"。 例句：The scientist named the new element after her country. ㉘ It is fitting that such an extraordinary woman should be honoured in this way. 知识点：It is fitting that...为"形容词 + that从句"结构。fitting意为"恰当的"；fit为动词或"健康的"。such an extraordinary woman为"such + a/an + 形容词 + 名词"结构。should在此表示"理应"。 例句：It is fitting that we should remember these heroes. ㉙ I hope that her story encourages us all to pursue knowledge bravely, no matter what difficulties we face. 知识点：hope that...为动词 + that从句（宾语从句）。encourage sb. to do sth.意为"鼓励某人做某事"。pursue意为"追求"。no matter what意为"无论什么"，引导让步状语从句。该句为全文总结句。 例句：We should pursue our dreams no matter what happens. 三、知识梳理 （一）重点词汇 词汇 词性 释义 词形变换 用法辨析与搭配 outstanding adj. 杰出的、优秀的 outstandingly (adv.) 杰出地 同义词：excellent, exceptional。用于形容人或成就。 old-fashioned adj. 陈旧的、过时的 fashion (n.) 时尚 反义词：modern, up-to-date。 ordinary adj. 普通的、平凡的 ordinarily (adv.) 通常地 同义词：common, average。 反义词：extraordinary。 scholar n. 学者 scholarship (n.) 奖学金 搭配：a visiting scholar 访问学者。 astronomy n. 天文学 astronomer (n.) 天文学家 发音：/əˈstrɒnəmi/。不可数名词。 mathematics n. 数学 mathematical (adj.) 数学的 常缩写为maths（英式）或math（美式）。 poetry n. 诗歌 poem (n.) 诗；poet (n.) 诗人 poetry为集合名词，不可数。 contribution n. 贡献 contribute (v.) 贡献 搭配：make a contribution to...（to为介词）。 impact n. 巨大影响 impact (v.) 对……产生影响 搭配：have an impact on... fitting adj. 恰当的、合适的 fit (v.) 适合 同义词：appropriate。常用于It is fitting that... belief n. 相信、信念 believe (v.) 相信 搭配：have a strong belief in... convince v. 使确信、使信服 convinced (adj.) 坚信的 搭配：convince sb. of sth. manage v. 设法做到、完成 management (n.) 管理 辨析：manage to do（成功做到）vs. try to do（尝试做）。 significant adj. 有重大意义的 significance (n.) 重要性 同义词：important, meaningful。 milestone n. 里程碑 — 常用比喻义，形容重大事件。 lamp n. 灯 — 辨析：lamp（台灯）vs. light（光）。 crater n. 环形山 — 用于地质或天文语境。 background n. 背景 — 搭配：family background 家庭背景。 evaluation n. 评价、评估 evaluate (v.) 评估 搭配：make an evaluation of... judgement n. 看法、评价 judge (v.) 判断 搭配：make a judgement about... incredible* adj. 难以置信的 incredibly (adv.) 难以置信地 带*号为拓展词汇，不作主要考查要求。 pursue v. 追求 pursuit (n.) 追求 搭配：pursue a dream/goal。正式用词。 inspire v. 激励、鼓舞 inspiration (n.) 灵感 搭配：inspire sb. to do sth. （二）重点短语 短语 释义 例句 注意事项 with...in mind 考虑到…… With this in mind, she rewrote the book. 常用于句首，后用逗号隔开。 in addition to 除……之外（还） In addition to maths, she studied astronomy. to为介词，后接名词/动名词。 be fond of 喜爱 She is fond of reading poetry. of为介词，后接名词/动名词。 reach for 伸手去拿 He reached for the book on the shelf. 强调"伸手"的动作。 fight for 为……而斗争 They fought for women's rights. 辨析：fight against（与……作斗争）。 grow up in a family that... 在……家庭中长大 She grew up in a family that valued education. that引导定语从句。 have a talent for 有……的天赋 She had a talent for mathematics. for为介词，后接名词/动名词。 spend time (in) doing sth. 花时间做某事 She spent a lot of time studying. in可省略，后接动名词。 on one's own 独自地 She studied astronomy on her own. 相当于by oneself。 set up 搭建、建立 She set up a model in her garden. 及物动词短语。 name...after... 以……命名 They named a crater after her. 被动：be named after... no less...than 和……一样 Women are no less intelligent than men. = as...as。 speak for 为……发声 She spoke for women through her poems. 及物性短语动词，后接宾语。 be determined to do 下定决心做某事 She was determined to master the knowledge. 同义：decide to do。 no matter what 无论什么 No matter what happens, don't give up. 引导让步状语从句。 in a simple way 以简单的方式 She explained it in a simple way. way前可用形容词修饰。 at the age of 在……岁时 She died at the age of 29. 同义：when sb. was... a sign of ……的征兆 Eclipses are not a sign of heaven's anger. 同义：a symbol of（象征）。 be born into 出生于……家庭 She was born into a family that valued education. into后接家庭名词。 give up 放弃 She never gave up. 及物时后接动名词。 （三）重点句型 句型 结构 例句 考点说明 I am + adj. + that... 形容词+that从句 I am sure that she will succeed. that可省略。本单元最主要句型。 I am amazed that... 同上（惊讶） I am amazed that she made it so simple. amazed修饰人，amazing修饰物。 She was determined that... 同上（决心） She was determined that she would master it. 表决心内容。 She was confident that... 同上（自信） She was confident that she could do it. 表自信内容。 She was proud that... 同上（自豪） She was proud that she could speak for women. 表自豪原因。 It is fitting that... 同上（评价） It is fitting that she should be honoured. 形式主语it。 I am not sure + wh-从句 形容词+wh-从句 I'm not sure what I should do next. wh-词在从句中充当成分。 one of + 最高级 + 复数名词 最高级结构 She is one of the most outstanding women. 谓语用单数。 with + 名词 + in mind with结构 With this in mind, she rewrote the book. 介词短语作状语。 In addition to + 名词/doing 附加说明 In addition to maths, she studied astronomy. to为介词。 no less...than 比较结构 Women are no less intelligent than men. = as...as。 such + a/an + adj. + 单数名词 such修饰名词 She was such a talented scholar. such后接名词短语。 not only...but also... 并列连接结构 She was not only fond of writing but also used it. 连接两个并列谓语。 （四）单元语法：形容词 + that从句 1. 定义与功能 "形容词 + that从句"结构用于表达观点和情感。that从句作宾语，说明"在哪方面有这种感觉"。 基本结构：主语 + be动词 + 形容词 + that + 陈述句 2. 常用形容词分类 类别 常见形容词 例句 表达情感 glad, happy, pleased, sorry, sad, worried, excited, surprised, amazed I'm glad that you came. 表达确信/认知 sure, certain, confident, convinced, aware Are you sure that he is right? 表达决心/态度 determined, proud She was determined that she would succeed. 3. 语法要点 • that可以省略（口语中）：I'm glad (that) you enjoyed the film. • wh-从句的特殊情况：在not sure和not certain后，可用wh-从句。I'm not sure what I should do next. 4. 注意辨析 结构 类型 例句 I am sure that... 形容词+that从句（本单元主要） I am sure that she is right. I think that... 动词+that从句（宾语从句） I think that she is right. I know what she did. 动词+wh-从句（宾语从句） I know what she did. 5. 常见错误提醒 错例： I am sure what she said. ❌ 正句： I am sure that she is right. / I am not sure what she said. ✔ （五）典型错例分析与纠正 错例1（sure后接wh-从句的错误） 错句：I am sure what she will come tomorrow. 正句：I am sure that she will come tomorrow. 解析：sure表示"确信"时，后接that从句，不接what引导的从句。只有在not sure / not certain + wh-从句的结构中，才用wh-词。 同类错误：I am certain what he said is true. → I am certain that what he said is true. 错例2（surprised后接名词的错误） 错句：She was surprised that the news. 正句：She was surprised at the news. / She was surprised that she heard the news. 解析：surprised后可接that从句（接完整句子）或at + 名词/动名词（接短语），不能直接接名词。同类错误还见于amazed, excited等。 同类错误：I am amazed his progress. → I am amazed at his progress. 错例3（介词后接动词原形的错误） 错句：He is fond of play basketball. / In addition to learn maths, she studied astronomy. 正句：He is fond of playing basketball. / In addition to learning maths, she studied astronomy. 解析：be fond of和In addition to中的of/to均为介词，后须接动名词。类似短语还有：be interested in, be good at, look forward to等。 同类错误：She is interested in learn English. → She is interested in learning English. 错例4（时态呼应错误） 错句：She was proud that she can speak for women. 正句：She was proud that she could speak for women. 解析：主句为过去时（was proud），that从句的时态应与主句呼应，用过去时could。 同类错误：He was confident that he will win. → He was confident that he would win. 错例5（误用that作wh-从句连接词） 错句：I am not sure that I should do next. 正句：I am not sure what I should do next. 解析：在not sure / not certain + wh-从句结构中，wh-词在从句中充当成分（如what作do的宾语）。用that则从句缺少成分。 同类错误：He is not certain that will come. → He is not certain who will come. （六）写作常用句式 1. 描述人物背景与经历 ① She was born into a family that valued education deeply. 她出生在一个高度重视教育的家庭。 ② From a young age, she showed a strong interest in science. 从年轻时起，她就对科学表现出浓厚的兴趣。 ③ She spent most of her time studying in her grandfather's library. 她大部分时间都在祖父的书房里学习。 2. 描述成就与贡献 ④ She was so talented that she created a simpler method of calculation. 她如此有天赋，以至于创造了一种更简便的计算方法。 ⑤ Her contributions were so great that she is still remembered today. 她的贡献如此巨大，以至于至今仍被人们铭记。 ⑥ In addition to mathematics, she also made significant achievements in astronomy. 除了数学，她还在天文学领域取得了重大成就。 3. 表达观点与感受（本单元主要句型） ⑦ I am sure that her story will inspire every one of you. 我相信她的故事会激励在座的每一个人。 ⑧ I am amazed that she could make such complex ideas so simple! 我很惊讶她能如此化繁为简！ ⑨ I am proud that she could speak for women through her poems. 我为她能通过诗歌为女性发声而感到自豪。 ⑩ It is fitting that such an extraordinary woman should be honoured in this way. 这样一位杰出的女性以这种方式获得纪念，是恰如其分的。 4. 总结与启示 ⑪ Wang Zhenyi's story shows us that women are no less intelligent than men. 王贞仪的故事告诉我们，女性并不比男性笨。 ⑫ No matter what difficulties we face, we should pursue knowledge bravely. 无论面临什么困难，我们都应勇敢追求知识。 一、词汇与语法选择 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Wang Zhenyi is 1. one of the most outstanding women in Chinese science. Born into a family that 2. education greatly, she learnt astronomy, mathematics and poetry from her family. She was 3. eager to learn that she spent most of her time studying in her grandfather's library. Although the science books were 4. and difficult to understand, she never gave up. Wang Zhenyi realised that scientific texts needed to be 5. in a way that everyone could understand. 6. this belief in mind, she rewrote Mei Wending's famous book on calculation and 7. a simpler method of multiplication and division at only 24. She also set up a model with everyday objects to explain lunar eclipses, showing that they were natural events 8. signs of heaven's anger. Wang Zhenyi was not 9. a scientist but also a poet. She expressed her belief that women are no less intelligent than men through her poems, taking great 10. in speaking for women. Although she passed away at the young age of 29, her contributions to science are 11. remembered. In 1994, the International Astronomical Union 12. a crater on Venus after her, honouring her lasting impact on the world. 1. A. treated B. regarded  C. thought  D. considered 2. A. valued  B. was valued  C. valuing  D. value 3. A. such  B. very  C. so  D. too 4. A. ordinary B. old‑fashioned C. outstanding D. modern 5. A. write  B. writing  C. written  D. wrote 6. A. For  B. With  C. On  D. From 7. A. created  B. gave up  C. put up  D. took up 8. A. less than B. other than  C. more than D. rather than 9. A. even  B. also  C. only  D. still 10. A. pride  B. proud  C. praise  D. prize 11. A. even  B. still  C. already  D. yet 12. A. has named B. was named C. had named D. named 二、词形变换 用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，每空一词。 1. Wang Zhenyi was one of the most (outstanding) women in Chinese science. 2. Her grandfather taught her (astronomical) and her father taught her mathematics. 3. She was (determine) that she would master the knowledge. 4. The model was so clear that even young children could understand the (explain). 5. She wrote poems and expressed the view that women are no less (intelligence) than men. 6. Her (contribute) to science are still remembered today. 7. I am (amaze) that she could make such complex ideas so simple. 8. It is (fit) that she should be honoured in this way. 9. She spent most of her time (study) in her grandfather's library. 10. In addition to (write) poetry, she also studied astronomy on her own. 三、用所给词的正确形式填空 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。 Wang Zhenyi was a great 1. (science) and poet. She 2. (bear) into a family that valued education. Her grandfather taught her astronomy, and her father taught her mathematics. She was so eager 3. (learn) that she spent a lot of time studying. Wang Zhenyi realised that scientific texts needed 4. (write) in a clear way. She was so talented that she 5. (create) a simpler method of multiplication and division. In addition to maths, she also studied astronomy on her own. She set up a model of a lunar eclipse. The model was so clear that even the 6. (young) children could understand it. She showed that eclipses 7. (be) completely natural. She was also an excellent poet. She was proud that she could speak for women through her 8. (poem). She believed that women are no less intelligent than men. Wang Zhenyi died at the age of 29. 9. (however), her contributions are still remembered today. A crater on Venus 10. (name) after her in 1994. 四、完成句子 根据中文意思完成句子，每空一词。 1. 我敢肯定她的故事会激励我们每一个人。 I that her story will inspire every one of us. 2. 王贞仪出生在一个高度重视教育的家庭。 Wang Zhenyi was a family that education deeply. 3. 她如此渴望学习，以至于大部分时间都在祖父的书房里研读。 She was so learn that she spent most of her time studying in her grandfather's library. 4. 王贞仪意识到科学文本需要用清晰的方式书写。 Wang Zhenyi that scientific texts needed to be written in a way. 5. 带着这个想法，她重写了梅文鼎著名的计算著作。 This , she rewrote Mei Wending's famous book. 6. 她证明了日食和月食完全是自然现象。 She that eclipses were natural. 7. 我很惊讶她能如此化繁为简！ I am that she could make such ideas so simple! 8. 她为自己的诗歌能为女性发声而感到自豪。 She was that she could for women through her poems. 9. 这样一位杰出的女性以这种方式获得纪念，是恰如其分的。 It is that such an woman should be honoured in this way. 10. 我希望她的故事能鼓励我们大家勇敢地追求知识，无论面临什么困难。 I hope that her story us all to pursue knowledge bravely, no matter difficulties we face. 五、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成各项任务。 The Woman Who Brought Light to the Dark Ages Hypatia of Alexandria is one of history's most remarkable figures — a woman who became a leading scientist and philosopher in the ancient world. She was born around 355 AD in Alexandria, a city famous for its great library and lighthouse. I am amazed that she could achieve so much in a time when women were excluded from public life. Hypatia was the daughter of Theon, a mathematician who taught her mathematics, astronomy and philosophy from a very young age. She was so intelligent that she soon surpassed her father's knowledge. At a time when women were excluded from public life, Hypatia became a respected teacher and public speaker. She is believed to be the first woman to make significant contributions to mathematics, astronomy and philosophy. Hypatia wrote several important books, although most of them have not survived. She was confident that she could explain complex scientific ideas in a clear way. She invented an instrument for measuring the density of liquids and improved the design of the astrolabe, a device used to measure the positions of stars. Hypatia was not just a scientist; she was also a teacher who inspired many young minds. Students came from all over the Mediterranean to learn from her. She was proud that she could teach both men and women, which was very unusual in her time. Hypatia's life ended tragically in 415 AD when she was killed by a mob. However, her legacy lived on. It is fitting that she is now remembered as one of the greatest female intellectuals of all time. Her story reminds us that the pursuit of knowledge is a noble goal, no matter what obstacles we face. [注：Hypatia of Alexandria 希帕提娅，古埃及亚历山大城著名女性数学家、天文学家、哲学家。astrolabe 星盘，古代天文仪器。] 任务一：根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误。正确的写T，错误的写F。 1. Hypatia was born in Alexandria around 355 AD. （　） 2. Hypatia's father taught her mathematics, astronomy and poetry. （　） 3. Hypatia was the first woman to make significant contributions to mathematics, astronomy and philosophy. （　） 4. Hypatia invented an instrument for measuring the temperature of liquids. （　） 5. Students came from all over the world to learn from Hypatia. （　） 任务二：根据短文内容，用完整句子回答下列问题。 6. Where was Hypatia born? 7. Who was Hypatia's teacher? What subjects did she learn? 8. What did Hypatia invent? 9. Why was Hypatia's teaching unusual in her time? 10. What happened to Hypatia in 415 AD? 任务三：根据短文内容，完成下面的信息梳理（每空不超过四个词）。 Information Details Birthplace 11. Father's profession 12. Subjects she studied 13. , astronomy, philosophy Her legacy Remembered as one of the greatest female 14. of all time What her story reminds us The pursuit of 15. is a noble goal 任务四：将文中画线句子翻译成中文。 16. 任务五：开放性回答问题。 17. Hypatia and Wang Zhenyi both lived in times when women were not encouraged to study science. What similarities do you see in their stories? What can we learn from them? （请用完整句子回答，观点明确，理由充分。） 参考答案与解析 精读范文读后思考 1. Wang Zhenyi studied astronomy (from her grandfather), mathematics (from her father), and poetry (from her grandmother). 2. She set up a model of a lunar eclipse in her garden using a round table as the Earth, a lamp as the Sun, and a round mirror as the Moon. The model showed clearly how a lunar eclipse happened. 3. She was ahead of her time because she believed that women are no less intelligent than men and she expressed this modern view in her poems. She also used simple models to explain science to ordinary people. 一、词汇与语法选择 1. D. “王贞仪被认为是中国科学界最杰出的女性之一。”consider 常用于被动结构 be considered + (to be) + 名词/形容词，表示“被认为……”，后面可直接接名词短语，即 be considered one of...。regard 虽有“认为”之意，但必须与介词 as 连用，即 be regarded as，此处没有 as，故排除。think 常用 it is thought that... 或 be thought to be 结构，不能直接接 one of...。treat 意为“对待”，语义不符。因此选 D。 2. A“出生在一个高度重视教育的家庭……”定语从句 that (2) education greatly 的谓语动词，先行词是 family，与 value（重视）之间为主动关系（家庭重视教育），故应用主动语态。was valued 是被动语态，语义不通（“家庭被重视教育”不合逻辑）。valuing 是现在分词，不能直接作定语从句的谓语动词。value 是动词原形，与全文过去时态不符。因此选 A。 3. C. so“她如此渴望学习，以至于大部分时间都在祖父的书房里研读。”空格后是形容词 eager，应用 so 修饰形容词，构成 so eager that...，引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。such 后接名词短语（如 such great eagerness that...），不能直接接单独形容词。very（非常）和 too（太）均不能与 that 搭配构成结果状语从句。因此选 C。 4. B. old‑fashioned“虽然这些科学书籍陈旧且难以理解……”根据句中的 difficult to understand（难以理解）可知，书籍内容“陈旧难懂”。old‑fashioned 意为“陈旧的、过时的”，与语境完全吻合。ordinary（普通的）是单元重点词汇，但此处强调的是书籍“过时”而非“普通”。outstanding（杰出的）和 modern（现代的）均与语义相反。因此选 B。 5. C. written“王贞仪意识到科学文本需要以一种人人都能理解的方式被书写。” needed to be 后接过去分词，构成不定式的被动语态。texts（文本）与 write（书写）之间为被动关系，即“文本被书写”，因此用过去分词 written。write 是动词原形，writing 是现在分词，wrote 是过去式，均不能构成被动语态。因此选 C。 6. B. With“带着这个信念，她重写了梅文鼎著名的计算著作。”with... in mind 为固定短语，意为“带着……的想法/信念”，介词只能用 With，置于句首形成 With this belief in mind。其他选项 For、On、From 均不能与 in mind 构成此固定搭配。因此选 B。 7. A. created“……并且创造了一种更简便的乘除法运算方法。”create（创造）与 method（方法）搭配最为地道，意为“创立/创造一种方法”，且与范文原文第⑬句的 created 完全呼应。gave up（放弃）、put up（张贴）、took up（开始从事）均不符合语义。因此选 A。 8. D. rather than“……表明它们是自然现象，而不是上天发怒的征兆。” natural events（自然现象）和 signs of heaven's anger（上天发怒的征兆）为对立关系，需要“而不是”的含义。rather than 意为“而不是”，连接两个并列成分，表示取舍对比。less than（少于）、other than（除了）、more than（超过）均不表示对比选择。因此选 D。 9. C. only“王贞仪不仅是科学家，还是诗人。” but also，前文必须用 only 与之呼应，构成 not only... but also...，意为“不仅……而且……”。其他选项 even、also、still 都不能构成此搭配。因此选 C。 10. A. pride“……为通过诗歌为女性发声而感到非常自豪。”固定短语 take pride in，意为“以……为自豪/为荣”，pride 是名词，作 take 的宾语。proud 是形容词，不能作 take 的宾语；praise（表扬）和 prize（奖品）语义均不符合。因此选 A。 11. B. still“……她的科学贡献至今仍然被人们铭记。”still 意为“仍然”，强调动作或状态从过去延续至今，符合“至今仍被铭记”的语境。even（甚至）表递进；already（已经）多用于完成时，强调“已经完成”，与此处“延续状态”不符；yet（还）通常用于否定句或疑问句，不用于肯定句。因此选 B。 12. D. named“1994年，国际天文学联合会以她的名字命名了金星上的一座环形山。”主语 the International Astronomical Union 与 name 之间为主动关系（联合会命名环形山），时间状语 in 1994 为明确的过去时间点，应用一般过去时 named。has named 是现在完成时，不能与过去时间状语连用；was named 是被动语态，主语应为环形山而非命名者；had named 是过去完成时，须有明确的“过去的过去”参照时间，此处没有。因此选 D。 二、词形变换 1. outstanding —— 最高级the most后接形容词原级。 2. astronomy —— taught her后接名词作直接宾语。 3. determined —— was后接形容词作表语。 4. explanation —— the后接名词作宾语。 5. intelligent —— no less...than后接形容词原级。 6. contributions —— 句中表复数概念，加-s。 7. amazed —— 描述人的感受用amazed。 8. fitting —— It is后接形容词作表语。 9. studying —— spend time (in) doing sth.固定用法。 10. writing —— In addition to中的to为介词，后接动名词。 三、用所给词的正确形式填空 1. scientist —— a great后接名词。 2. was born —— be born into固定短语，过去时。 3. to learn —— eager to do固定搭配。 4. to be written —— need to be done，texts与write被动关系。 5. created —— 过去时态，描述24岁时发生的事情。 6. youngest —— even the youngest，最高级形式。 7. were —— 宾语从句描述过去事实，主语eclipses为复数。 8. poems —— 可数名词，用复数形式。 9. However —— 句首表转折，大写H。 10. was named —— 被动语态，过去时间。 四、完成句子 1. am sure 2. born into; valued 3. eager to 4. realised; clear 5. With; in mind 6. showed; completely 7. amazed; complex 8. proud; speak 9. fitting; extraordinary 10. encourages; what 五、任务型阅读 任务一 1. T —— 原文"She was born around 355 AD in Alexandria"。 2. F —— 父亲教数学、天文学和哲学，未提及诗歌。 3. T —— 原文"She is believed to be the first woman to make significant contributions..." 4. F —— 测量液体密度，而非温度。 5. F —— 从地中海地区来，而非全世界。 任务二 6. She was born in Alexandria. 7. Hypatia's father Theon was her teacher. She learned mathematics, astronomy and philosophy from him. 8. She invented an instrument for measuring the density of liquids. 9. Because she taught both men and women, which was very unusual in her time. 10. She was killed by a mob in 415 AD. 任务三 11. Alexandria 12. mathematician 13. mathematics 14. intellectuals 15. knowledge 任务四 16. 我深感惊讶，在一个女性被排斥在公共生活之外的时代，她竟然能取得如此巨大的成就。 任务五 17. Sample answer: Both Hypatia and Wang Zhenyi lived in times when women were not encouraged to study science, but they both pursued knowledge bravely and made great contributions to science. They both became teachers and inspired others with their wisdom. From them, I learn that we should never give up our dreams because of others' opinions, and that knowledge is the most valuable thing we can pursue. 评分参考：能从两位人物的相似点入手回答（如：都生活在女性被压制时代、都勇敢追求科学、都成为教师影响他人）计2分；能合理阐述启示（如：不应因他人看法放弃梦想、知识是最宝贵的追求）计2分；语言表达正确、观点完整计1分。满分5分。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $