Unit 1 The secrets of happiness.语法精讲精练 2026-2027学年外研版英语七年级下册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理外研版七下Unit 1一般过去时语法，涵盖用法、时间标志词、be动词与行为动词两套谓语结构、四大句型、特殊疑问句两种结构及动词过去式构成，按两条主线拆解知识，搭建从基础到综合应用的递进式学习支架。 清单以“易错警示”标注高频错误，如did后动词需还原，“三步判断法”助学生区分was/were与did，配套分层练习和例题精讲，培养语言能力与思维品质。设计时间标志词分类表、动词过去式记忆表，方便学生自主学习，教师可精准教学提升实效。

外研版 七下 Unit 1 The secrets of happiness.语法精讲精练 —— 一般过去时·be 动词与行为动词句型全解 —— 使用说明 一般过去时是初中阶段接触的第一个「过去时态」，初学者最容易在「be 动词（was/were）」与「行为动词（借助 did）」两套谓语之间混淆，也常在否定句、疑问句中忘记把动词还原为原形，在对主语提问时误用 did。本讲严格按 be 动词、行为动词两条主线，逐一拆解肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句及回答、特殊疑问句四大句型，并重点讲清特殊疑问句的两种结构，配套三类分层练习，答案与解析统一附于文末。 第一讲 知识精讲 一、用法与时间标志词 1. 表示过去某个时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。 2. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作（可与 often, always, usually 等连用）。 类别 常见标志词 / 短语 昨天类 yesterday, yesterday morning/afternoon/evening, the day before yesterday（前天） last 类 last night/week/year/term/Sunday, last year ago 类 three years ago, two hours ago, a moment ago, long long ago just now / 过去年份 just now（刚才）, in 2003, at that time, then, once upon a time The old man was at home last night. 昨晚这位老人在家。 He walked to the bookshop yesterday. 昨天他步行去了书店。 二、两套谓语结构总览 谓语类型 肯定 否定 / 疑问如何变化 be / 助动词选用 be 动词 主语 + was/were + 其他 直接在 was/were 上变否定、提前变疑问 I/he/she/it 单数用 was；you/we/they 复数用 were 行为动词 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 借助助动词 did，didn't/Did 后动词还原为原形 任何人称都用 did，动词不再用过去式 【易错警示】一句话区分：句中已有 be 动词（was/were）就「靠自己」变否定疑问；句中是行为动词，就「请 did 帮忙」，且 did 一出现，后面的行为动词必须用原形。 三、be 动词线：was / were 四大句型 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 其他 The old man was at home last night. 昨晚这位老人在家。 否定句 主语 + wasn't/weren't + 其他 The students weren't in the classroom two hours ago. 两小时前学生们不在教室里。 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 其他? —Was he at home yesterday? 昨天他在家吗？ 肯定 / 否定回答 Yes, 主语 + was/were. / No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't. —Yes, he was. / No, he wasn't. 是的，他在。/不，他不在。 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 其他? Where was the old man last night? 那位老人昨晚在哪里？ 四、行为动词线：借助 did 四大句型 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 He walked to the bookshop yesterday. 昨天他步行去了书店。 否定句 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他 He didn't walk to the bookshop yesterday. 昨天他没步行去书店。 一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? —Did he walk to the bookshop yesterday? 肯定 / 否定回答 Yes, 主语(人称代词) + did. / No, 主语 + didn't. —Yes, he did. / No, he didn't. 是的。/不，他没有。 特殊疑问句① 疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?（对宾语、状语等提问） What did you do the day before yesterday? 前天你做了什么？ 特殊疑问句② 疑问词(作主语) + 动词过去式 + 其他?（对主语提问，不用 did） Who played basketball with Peter yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午谁和彼得打篮球了？ 【易错警示】did 后动词必须还原：×He didn't walked. → √He didn't walk.；×Did you went? → √Did you go?。这是一般过去时最高频错误。 五、特殊疑问句的两种结构（本讲核心） 行为动词的特殊疑问句要先看疑问词在句中充当什么成分： 情形 结构 例句 说明 疑问词不作主语 （对宾语/状语提问） 疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 What did he buy yesterday? / When did he come? 需要助动词 did，动词用原形 疑问词作主语 （对主语提问） 疑问词 + 动词过去式（无 did） Who cleaned the room? / What made him sad? 疑问词本身是主语，谓语直接用过去式，不能加 did Tom played basketball with Peter yesterday. → Who played basketball with Peter yesterday? 对主语 Tom 提问，用 Who played，不能说 *Who did play。 Tom played basketball yesterday. → What did Tom play yesterday? 对宾语 basketball 提问，用 did，play 还原。 【注】简略回答中，为避免重复前面的实义动词，用 did/didn't 代替：—Who broke the window? 谁打破了窗户？—Tom did. 汤姆。（不说 *Tom broke.） 六、动词过去式的构成 （一）规则动词四条变化规则 规则 构成方法 示例 ① 一般动词 词尾直接加 -ed walk → walked；play → played；watch → watched；clean → cleaned ② 以不发音的 e 结尾 直接加 -d live → lived；like → liked；use → used；close → closed ③ 辅音字母 + y 结尾 变 y 为 i，再加 -ed study → studied；carry → carried；worry → worried；cry → cried ④ 重读闭音节（辅元辅）结尾 双写末尾辅音字母，再加 -ed stop → stopped；plan → planned；shop → shopped；prefer → preferred 【注】元音字母 + y 结尾直接加 -ed：play → played, enjoy → enjoyed。 （二）不规则动词需分类记忆（示例） 类型 原形 → 过去式 AAA 型（三形相同） put→put, cut→cut, read→read, let→let, cost→cost ABB 型（过去式=过去分词） buy→bought, bring→brought, think→thought, teach→taught, catch→caught, make→made, have→had, sit→sat, stand→stood, feel→felt, keep→kept, sleep→slept, meet→met, leave→left, lose→lost, win→won ABC 型（三形不同） go→went, do→did, see→saw, eat→ate, give→gave, take→took, speak→spoke, write→wrote, ride→rode, drive→drove, sing→sang, swim→swam, drink→drank, begin→began, fly→flew, know→knew, draw→drew, grow→grew, wear→wore, is/am→was, are→were 七、was/were 与 did 选用三步判断 第一步：看句中谓语是 be 动词还是行为动词——be 用 was/were，行为动词借 did；第二步：看主语人称与单复数——I 及单数用 was，you 及复数用 were；did 无人称变化；第三步：did 出现后，行为动词务必还原为原形。 八、典型例题精讲 【例1】The students ______ in the classroom two hours ago. A. wasn't B. weren't C. don't D. didn't 【答案】B 【解析】句中是 be 动词结构（in the classroom 表状态），主语 students 为复数，two hours ago 表过去，用 weren't，故选 B。 【例2】He ______ to the bookshop yesterday. A. didn't walked B. didn't walk C. don't walk D. not walked 【答案】B 【解析】行为动词的否定借助 didn't，其后动词必须还原为原形 walk，故选 B。 【例3】Who ______ basketball with Peter yesterday afternoon? A. did play B. played C. do play D. plays 【答案】B 【解析】Who 在句中作主语，对主语提问不用助动词 did，谓语直接用过去式 played，故选 B。 【例4】What ______ you ______ the day before yesterday? A. do; do B. did; did C. did; do D. were; do 【答案】C 【解析】疑问词 What 不作主语，需借助 did，主语 you 后动词还原为原形 do，故选 C。 【例5】—Who ______ the window? —Tom ______. A. broke; did B. did break; broke C. breaks; does D. broke; broke 【答案】A 【解析】对主语提问直接用过去式 broke；简略回答用 did 代替前面的动作，避免重复，故选 A。 第二讲 综合演练 题型一 单项选择（每小题1分，共15分） 1. The old man ______ at home last night. A. is B. was C. were D. are 2. The students ______ in the classroom two hours ago. A. wasn't B. weren't C. don't D. didn't 3. —______ he at home yesterday? —Yes, he ______. A. Was; was B. Were; was C. Did; did D. Was; is 4. He ______ to the bookshop yesterday. A. walk B. walks C. walked D. walking 5. He ______ to the bookshop yesterday. A. didn't walked B. didn't walk C. don't walk D. not walked 6. —______ he walk to the bookshop yesterday? —Yes, he ______. A. Did; did B. Did; walked C. Was; was D. Does; did 7. What ______ you ______ the day before yesterday? A. do; do B. did; did C. did; do D. were; do 8. Who ______ basketball with Peter yesterday afternoon? A. did play B. played C. do play D. plays 9. Where ______ the old man last night? A. was B. were C. did D. is 10. I ______ to Beijing three years ______. A. go; ago B. went; ago C. went; before D. go; before 11. —______ you busy last week? —No, I ______. A. Were; wasn't B. Did; didn't C. Was; wasn't D. Were; didn't 12. He ______ TV just now. A. watch B. watches C. watched D. watching 13. What ______ the matter with you yesterday? A. is B. was C. did D. were 14. —Who ______ the window? —Tom ______. A. broke; did B. did break; broke C. breaks; does D. broke; broke 15. There ______ a football match in our school in 2003. A. is B. was C. were D. had 题型二 用所给动词的适当形式填空（每小题1分，共14分） 1. The old man ______ (be) at home last night. 2. The students ______ (not be) in the classroom two hours ago. 3. He ______ (walk) to the bookshop yesterday. 4. He ______ (not walk) to the bookshop yesterday. 5. —______ he ______ (walk) there yesterday? —Yes, he did. 6. What ______ you ______ (do) the day before yesterday? 7. Who ______ (play) basketball with Peter yesterday afternoon? 8. I ______ (be) born in 2010. 9. She ______ (study) English from seven to nine last night. 10. They ______ (stop) the car in front of the shop just now. 11. ______ (be) your parents at home last Sunday? 12. We ______ (not visit) the museum last week. 13. When ______ you ______ (buy) this new bike? 14. The boy ______ (carry) a big box to the classroom yesterday. 题型三 完成句子 / 句型转换（每小题2分，共10题） A. 根据汉语意思完成句子（1—5题，每空一词） 1. 昨晚这位老人在家。 The old man ______ ______ last night. 2. 两小时前学生们不在教室里。 The students ______ ______ the classroom two hours ago. 3. 昨天他步行去了书店。 He ______ ______ the bookshop yesterday. 4. 前天你做了什么？ What ______ you ______ the day before yesterday? 5. 昨天下午谁和彼得一起打篮球了？ Who ______ basketball with Peter yesterday afternoon? B. 句型转换（6—10题，每空一词） 6. He walked to the bookshop yesterday.（改为否定句） He ______ ______ to the bookshop yesterday. 7. The old man was at home last night.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） ______ the old man at home last night? —______, ______ ______. 8. They were in the classroom two hours ago.（对划线部分 in the classroom 提问） ______ ______ they two hours ago? 9. He did his homework last night.（对划线部分 his homework 提问） ______ ______ he ______ last night? 10. Tom played basketball with Peter yesterday.（对划线部分主语 Tom 提问） ______ ______ basketball with Peter yesterday? 答案与解析 题型一 单项选择 1. 【答案】B 【解析】be 动词，the old man 单数，last night 用 was 2. 【答案】B 【解析】be 动词复数否定，students 用 weren't 3. 【答案】A 【解析】be 动词疑问句 was 提前，回答仍用 was 4. 【答案】C 【解析】行为动词肯定句用过去式 walked 5. 【答案】B 【解析】didn't 后动词还原为原形 walk 6. 【答案】A 【解析】Did 提前，动词用原形；简略回答用 did 7. 【答案】C 【解析】疑问词不作主语，did + 主语 + 原形 do 8. 【答案】B 【解析】Who 作主语，直接用过去式 played，不加 did 9. 【答案】A 【解析】be 动词特殊疑问，the old man 单数用 was 10. 【答案】B 【解析】three years ago 过去，go 过去式 went；「段时间+ago」 11. 【答案】A 【解析】be 动词，you 用 Were；回答 I 用 wasn't 12. 【答案】C 【解析】just now 刚才，用过去式 watched 13. 【答案】B 【解析】What is the matter 的过去时，is 变 was 14. 【答案】A 【解析】对主语提问用过去式 broke；简略回答用 did 代替 15. 【答案】B 【解析】there be 过去时，a match 单数用 was 题型二 适当形式填空 1. 【答案】was 【解析】the old man 单数，last night 用 was 2. 【答案】weren't 【解析】students 复数 be 动词否定 weren't 3. 【答案】walked 【解析】肯定句行为动词用过去式 4. 【答案】didn't walk 【解析】否定借助 didn't，动词还原 walk 5. 【答案】Did; walk 【解析】一般疑问句 Did 提前，walk 用原形 6. 【答案】did; do 【解析】疑问词不作主语，did + 主语 + 原形 do 7. 【答案】played 【解析】Who 作主语，谓语直接用过去式 8. 【答案】was 【解析】be born 出生，I 用 was born 9. 【答案】studied 【解析】辅音字母+y，变 y 为 i 加 -ed 10. 【答案】stopped 【解析】重读闭音节双写 p 加 -ed 11. 【答案】Were 【解析】parents 复数，一般疑问句 Were 提前 12. 【答案】didn't visit 【解析】否定借助 didn't，visit 还原 13. 【答案】did; buy 【解析】特殊疑问句 did + 主语 + 原形 buy 14. 【答案】carried 【解析】辅音字母+y，变 y 为 i 加 -ed 题型三 完成句子 / 句型转换 1. 【答案】was home 【解析】be 动词单数过去式 was + 表语 home 2. 【答案】weren't in 【解析】复数否定 weren't + 地点 in 3. 【答案】walked to 【解析】肯定句用过去式 walked to 4. 【答案】did; do 【解析】疑问词+did+主语+原形 do 5. 【答案】played 【解析】Who 作主语，直接用过去式 played 6. 【答案】didn't walk 【解析】否定借助 didn't，walk 还原 7. 【答案】Was; Yes; he was 【解析】be 动词疑问句 Was 提前，肯定回答 Yes, he was 8. 【答案】Where were 【解析】对地点提问用 Where，they 用 were 9. 【答案】What did; do 【解析】对宾语提问用 What，借助 did，do 还原 10. 【答案】Who played 【解析】对主语 Tom 提问用 Who，直接用过去式 played，不用 did. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $