Unit 3 Arts enrich our life 被动语态（核心语法精练）英语新教材冀教版九年级上册

**基本信息** 以“概念-结构-转换-特殊”为逻辑链，系统构建被动语态方法体系，分层训练覆盖中考核心考点，提升语言应用与逻辑思维能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|8大语法点+2表格|主动变被动4步方法、特殊被动处理技巧、易混点对比|从概念辨析到时态结构，再到转换方法与特殊情况，形成完整认知链| |考点夯基|4类基础题型|填空/单选/完成句子/句型转换对应不同语法应用场景|针对基础应用，强化时态结构与过去分词运用| |综合提升|2篇中考真题|语法选择/填空结合语篇语境|从单句到语篇，实现知识迁移与综合运用|

Unit 3 Arts enrich our life 核心语法精练 （被动语态） 目录 知识回顾 1 被动语态 1 考点夯基 4 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 4 二、单项选择。 4 三、完成句子。 5 四、句型转换。 5 综合提升 6 一、语法选择 6 二、语法填空 7 被动语态 一、被动语态概念 主动语态：主语是动作的发出者（执行者） We clean the classroom. 我们打扫教室。（we 发出 clean 动作） 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者，也就是动作被施加在主语身上。 The classroom is cleaned by us. 教室被我们打扫。（classroom 承受 clean 动作） 核心结构：be + 及物动词的过去分词 (done) 注意：不及物动词（happen、appear、take place 等）没有被动语态 二、被动语态基本构成 时态 主动语态结构 被动语态结构 例句（主动 → 被动） 中文翻译 考试重点 一般现在时 do / does am/is/are+ done We clean the room.The room is cleaned by us. 房间被我们打扫 最基础、最常考 一般过去时 did was/were+ done He built a house.The house was built by him. 房子被他建造 常考时间：yesterday/just now 一般将来时 willdo/be going to do will be + done;be going to be + done They will build a park.A park will be built by them. 公园将被建造 will + be + done 必考 情态动词 can/may/must/should + do 情态动词 + be + done We must follow rules.Rules must be followed. 规则必须被遵守 中考必考：can/must 现在进行时 am/is/are+ doing am/is/are+ being + done He is repairing the bike.The bike is being repaired. 自行车正在被修理 being 不能丢 过去进行时 was/were+ doing was/were+ being + done They were painting the wall.The wall was being painted. 墙当时正在被刷 了解即可 现在完成时（本单元重点） have/has+ done have/has + been + done I have finished the work.The work has been finished. 工作已被完成 常考：already/yet 三、主动变被动的 4 步方法 把主动句宾语变被动句主语 谓语改为 be+done，be 的时态和原句保持一致，人称随新主语变化 主动句主语放在 by 后面作宾语（by + 动作执行者，可省略） 其余部分保留不变 ✅例句： 主动：People plant trees every year. ①宾语 trees 作主语 ②时态一般现在时→are planted ③by people 被动：Trees are planted (by people) every year. 四、动词过去分词变化规则 1. 规则变化 情况 变化规则 原形 过去分词 一般情况 直接 + ed clean cleaned 以 e 结尾 只 + d close closed 辅音 + y 结尾 变 y 为 i+ed study studied 重读闭音节（辅 + 元 + 辅） 双写末尾辅音 + ed stop stopped 2. 初中常考不规则变化 原形 过去分词 原形 过去分词 do done make made see seen write written eat eaten break broken speak spoken take taken forget forgotten choose chosen 五、两种特殊被动（中考高频考点） 1. 带双宾语的主动句变被动 主动：My mother gave me a gift. 双宾语：me（人），a gift（物） 两种被动： ①以人作主语：I was given a gift by my mother. ②以物作主语：A gift was given to me by my mother. 注意：give/send/pass 类动词，物作主语时要加 to 2. 使役动词 / 感官动词（make/see/hear/watch） 主动结构：make/see/hear sb do sth（不带 to 不定式） 被动结构：be made/seen/heard to do sth（必须加上 to！） 主动：We saw him go out. 被动：He was seen to go out. 主动：The boss made me work hard. 被动：I was made to work hard. 这是初中最大易错点！被动里 to 不能丢 六、by 的用法 1.by + 动作执行者（人），不知道 / 不需要说出执行者时可以省略 The window was broken by Tom.（by + 人） The bike was stolen.（省略 by sb，不知道是谁） 2. 辨析：with + 工具（用…… 工具） The cake was cut with a knife. 蛋糕被一把小刀切开。 七、不能使用被动语态的情况 1. 不及物动词：happen, take place, appear, arrive, come，无被动 ❌An accident was happened. ✅An accident happened. 2. 系动词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel 无被动 The flower smells sweet.（不用 is smelt） 3. 某些短语：belong to（属于），没有被动 ❌The book is belonged to me. ✅The book belongs to me. 八、被动语态否定 & 一般疑问句式 1. 否定句：be /will/ 情态动词 + not + done The room is not cleaned every day. Work mustn’t be put off. 工作不能被拖延。 2. 一般疑问句：Be / Will / 情态动词提到句首 Is English spoken here? 这儿说英语吗？ Must the homework be finished today? 作业必须今天完成吗？ 九、易混点总结 be done ≠ 一般系表结构 被动：The door was closed by me. 门被我关上了（强调动作） 系表：The door is closed. 门关着（强调状态，closed 形容词） get+done 也可表被动（口语）get hurt 受伤，get lost 迷路，了解即可 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．The Beijing National Stadium, also known as the Bird’s Nest, ________ (build) for the 2008 Olympic Games. 2．The movie ________ (show) in over 100 countries last year. 3．The play ________ (write) by Cao Yu in the 1930s. 4．The fisherman tells his wife what ________ (happen). 5．The works of Yan Zhenqing ________ (admire) by many people today. 二、单项选择。 1．Many great plays ________ by Lao She and Cao Yu many years ago. A．write B．wrote C．were written D．are written 2．The scene in this old painting is ________ by high mountains and clear rivers, which looks peaceful. A．surrounded B．surrounding C．to surround D．surround 3．The lovely rabbit ________ of the box and ran across the grass. A．jump out B．jumped out C．jump away D．jumped away 4．This cartoon movie is filled ________ warm humour and it is popular with teenagers. A．with B．of C．for D．at 5．Thousands of workers can be involved ________ making a complex modern movie. A．at B．in C．on D．for 三、完成句子。 1．然而，他的老师叫他参加学校的演讲比赛。 However, he ________ ________ ________ ________ part in the speaking competition in his school by his teacher. 2．这部经典话剧已经上演很多年了。 This classic play ________ ________ ________ stage for many years. 3．这部戏剧是以一个古老的民间故事为基础的。(完成句子) The play is ________ ________ an old folk story. 4．这部电影被数百万人观看并获得了许多奖项。 The movie ________ ________ by millions of people and was awarded many prizes. 5．最早的电影是在法国和德国制作的。 The very first movies ________ ________ in France and Germany. 四、句型转换。 1．My English teacher often gives me some useful advice on learning English. (改为被动语态) Some useful advice on learning English is often ________ ________ me by my English teacher. 2．People use computers to do many things now. (改为被动语态) ___________________________________________ 3．was, the, by, directed, Jackie Chan, movie (连词成句)   _______________________________________________. 4．Huang Gongwang created many great works during his lifetime.（对画线部分提问） _____________________________________________________________________ 5．Thousands of people are involved in making a movie. （对画线部分提问) _______________________________________________________________________ 一、语法选择 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （2026·辽宁沈阳·中考真题） One sunny weekend, Mr White, a sailing teacher, took his son Tom for their usual sailing practice. On arriving at the beach, they put on their life jackets. Then their 1 began. When Tom sailed, his father followed in his own boat, keeping a close eye on him. The 2 wind filled the sail and Tom’s sailboat moved gently in the calm water. Tom 3 that sailing would be easy as usual. He nodded at his father happily. Some time later, a sudden wind came out of nowhere. It was so strong that Tom’s sailboat was pushed in another direction. Not ready for the change, Tom lost his 4 and couldn’t control his sailboat. He fell into the water, all wet. His sailboat 5 , floating (漂浮) on the surface of water. “Help!” Tom shouted in 6 . “Take it easy. You’re safe. Try to right the boat,” said his father. Tom tried several times, but it didn’t 7 . “I can’t!” Tom cried, shaking all over. “Calm down. Do as I taught you before,” his father said in a loud voice. Tom 8 to the daggerboard in the middle of the sailboat. He pushed it down hard. The sailboat moved a little. “Push it harder,” his father added. Tom had another try and the sailboat was almost out of water. Courage 9 in his heart. With a final effort, Tom turned the sailboat upright (竖立着). Tom held the side of the sailboat and 10 climbed back onto it. “I made it!” Tom cheered. As Tom’s sailboat moved forward again, his father wore a smile on his face, still keeping a close eye on Tom. 1．A．dream B．match C．practice D．dialog 2．A．dry B．cold C．soft D．strong 3．A．thought B．forgot C．promised D．regretted 4．A．interest B．patience C．pressure D．balance 5．A．sped up B．broke down C．turned over D．passed by 6．A．shame B．fear C．anger D．surprise 7．A．work B．stop C．appear D．leave 8．A．ran B．rode C．flew D．swam 9．A．grew B．froze C．moved D．changed 10．A．curiously B．quickly C．secretly D．quietly 二、语法填空 根据短文内容，在横线上填上适当单词，使短文完整、通顺。 （2026·四川巴中·中考真题） Kung fu has a long history in China. In the past, it 1 (mean) a way of fighting to most people. People practiced it 2 (keep) themselves and their families safe. At that time, learning kung fu was very difficult, and students had to practice for many 3 (year) before they became masters. However, in today’s world, kung fu 4 (include) in many school activities. It is now far more than 5 fighting skill. Many people worldwide take up the art because it is 6 (use) for their health. Children enjoy practicing kung fu 7 a form of exercise, and it helps them feel better about themselves. 8 (recent), kung fu has also gained global popularity through films. Film stars like Jackie Chan have shown the world 9 amazing kung fu is. Although it is no longer just for fighting, the spirit of kung fu remains. It teaches learners to face difficulties and never give up. Watching a kung fu performance always leaves 10 (we) with a deep respect for the beauty and strength of Chinese culture. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Arts enrich our life 核心语法精练 （被动语态） 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．was built 2．was shown 3．was written 4．happened 5．are admired 二、单项选择。 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．B 三、完成句子。 1．was asked to take 2． has been on 3． based on 4． was watched 5． were made 四、句型转换。 1． given to 2．Computers are used to do many things by people now. 3．The movie was directed by Jackie Chan. 4．When did Huang Gongwang create many great works? 5．Who are involved in making a movie? 一、语法选择 1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．A 10．B 二、语法填空 1．meant 2．to keep 3．years 4．is included 5．a 6．useful 7．as 8．Recently 9．how 10．us 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Arts enrich our life 核心语法精练 （被动语态） 目录 知识回顾 1 被动语态 1 考点夯基 4 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 4 二、单项选择。 5 三、完成句子。 6 四、句型转换。 7 综合提升 9 一、语法选择 9 二、语法填空 11 被动语态 一、被动语态概念 主动语态：主语是动作的发出者（执行者） We clean the classroom. 我们打扫教室。（we 发出 clean 动作） 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者，也就是动作被施加在主语身上。 The classroom is cleaned by us. 教室被我们打扫。（classroom 承受 clean 动作） 核心结构：be + 及物动词的过去分词 (done) 注意：不及物动词（happen、appear、take place 等）没有被动语态 二、被动语态基本构成 时态 主动语态结构 被动语态结构 例句（主动 → 被动） 中文翻译 考试重点 一般现在时 do / does am/is/are+ done We clean the room.The room is cleaned by us. 房间被我们打扫 最基础、最常考 一般过去时 did was/were+ done He built a house.The house was built by him. 房子被他建造 常考时间：yesterday/just now 一般将来时 willdo/be going to do will be + done;be going to be + done They will build a park.A park will be built by them. 公园将被建造 will + be + done 必考 情态动词 can/may/must/should + do 情态动词 + be + done We must follow rules.Rules must be followed. 规则必须被遵守 中考必考：can/must 现在进行时 am/is/are+ doing am/is/are+ being + done He is repairing the bike.The bike is being repaired. 自行车正在被修理 being 不能丢 过去进行时 was/were+ doing was/were+ being + done They were painting the wall.The wall was being painted. 墙当时正在被刷 了解即可 现在完成时（本单元重点） have/has+ done have/has + been + done I have finished the work.The work has been finished. 工作已被完成 常考：already/yet 三、主动变被动的 4 步方法 把主动句宾语变被动句主语 谓语改为 be+done，be 的时态和原句保持一致，人称随新主语变化 主动句主语放在 by 后面作宾语（by + 动作执行者，可省略） 其余部分保留不变 ✅例句： 主动：People plant trees every year. ①宾语 trees 作主语 ②时态一般现在时→are planted ③by people 被动：Trees are planted (by people) every year. 四、动词过去分词变化规则 1. 规则变化 情况 变化规则 原形 过去分词 一般情况 直接 + ed clean cleaned 以 e 结尾 只 + d close closed 辅音 + y 结尾 变 y 为 i+ed study studied 重读闭音节（辅 + 元 + 辅） 双写末尾辅音 + ed stop stopped 2. 初中常考不规则变化 原形 过去分词 原形 过去分词 do done make made see seen write written eat eaten break broken speak spoken take taken forget forgotten choose chosen 五、两种特殊被动（中考高频考点） 1. 带双宾语的主动句变被动 主动：My mother gave me a gift. 双宾语：me（人），a gift（物） 两种被动： ①以人作主语：I was given a gift by my mother. ②以物作主语：A gift was given to me by my mother. 注意：give/send/pass 类动词，物作主语时要加 to 2. 使役动词 / 感官动词（make/see/hear/watch） 主动结构：make/see/hear sb do sth（不带 to 不定式） 被动结构：be made/seen/heard to do sth（必须加上 to！） 主动：We saw him go out. 被动：He was seen to go out. 主动：The boss made me work hard. 被动：I was made to work hard. 这是初中最大易错点！被动里 to 不能丢 六、by 的用法 1.by + 动作执行者（人），不知道 / 不需要说出执行者时可以省略 The window was broken by Tom.（by + 人） The bike was stolen.（省略 by sb，不知道是谁） 2. 辨析：with + 工具（用…… 工具） The cake was cut with a knife. 蛋糕被一把小刀切开。 七、不能使用被动语态的情况 1. 不及物动词：happen, take place, appear, arrive, come，无被动 ❌An accident was happened. ✅An accident happened. 2. 系动词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel 无被动 The flower smells sweet.（不用 is smelt） 3. 某些短语：belong to（属于），没有被动 ❌The book is belonged to me. ✅The book belongs to me. 八、被动语态否定 & 一般疑问句式 1. 否定句：be /will/ 情态动词 + not + done The room is not cleaned every day. Work mustn’t be put off. 工作不能被拖延。 2. 一般疑问句：Be / Will / 情态动词提到句首 Is English spoken here? 这儿说英语吗？ Must the homework be finished today? 作业必须今天完成吗？ 九、易混点总结 be done ≠ 一般系表结构 被动：The door was closed by me. 门被我关上了（强调动作） 系表：The door is closed. 门关着（强调状态，closed 形容词） get+done 也可表被动（口语）get hurt 受伤，get lost 迷路，了解即可 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．The Beijing National Stadium, also known as the Bird’s Nest, ________ (build) for the 2008 Olympic Games. 【答案】was built 【详解】句意：北京国家体育场，也被叫作鸟巢，是为2008年奥运会建造的。主语The Beijing National Stadium和动词build是被动关系；时间2008 Olympic Games表示过去，要用一般过去时的被动语态；be动词用was，build的过去分词是built，故填was built。 2．The movie ________ (show) in over 100 countries last year. 【答案】was shown 【详解】句意：这部电影去年在100多个国家上映。句中包含时间状语last year，表明句子应使用一般过去时；主语The movie是动词show的承受者，电影不能自己放映，因此需要使用被动语态，一般过去时的被动语态结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语The movie为单数，be动词选用was，动词show的过去分词为shown。 3．The play ________ (write) by Cao Yu in the 1930s. 【答案】was written 【详解】句意：这部戏剧是曹禺在20世纪30年代写的。The play和write之间是被动关系，故此处用被动语态，描述已经发生的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语The play为单数形式，be动词用was，write的过去分词为written。故填was written。 4．The fisherman tells his wife what ________ (happen). 【答案】happened 【详解】句意：渔夫把发生的事情告诉了他的妻子。主句谓语“tells”为一般现在时，由what引导的宾语从句描述已经发生的事情，使用一般过去时，动词happen要使用过去式happened。 5．The works of Yan Zhenqing ________ (admire) by many people today. 【答案】are admired 【详解】句意：颜真卿的作品如今受到许多人的钦佩。主语“The works”为复数，且与谓语动词“admire”之间为被动关系，时间状语“today”表示当前的状态，需用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“are + 过去分词”，admire的过去分词为admired。 二、单项选择。 1．Many great plays ________ by Lao She and Cao Yu many years ago. A．write B．wrote C．were written D．are written 【答案】C 【详解】句意：许多伟大的剧本是许多年前由老舍和曹禺写的。 根据“by Lao She and Cao Yu”可知主语“plays”与动词write之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；根据“many years ago”可知时态为一般过去时，综上此处使用一般过去时的被动语态。应选were written。 2．The scene in this old painting is ________ by high mountains and clear rivers, which looks peaceful. A．surrounded B．surrounding C．to surround D．surround 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这幅古画被高山和清澈的河流环绕，看起来很宁静。 主语“The scene”与动词“surround”之间是被动关系，构成被动语态，其结构是“be done”，应用过去分词，surround的过去分词是surrounded。 3．The lovely rabbit ________ of the box and ran across the grass. A．jump out B．jumped out C．jump away D．jumped away 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这只可爱的兔子从箱子里跳出来，跑过草地。 “ran”表明句子的时态为一般过去时，谓语动词需用过去式；jump out of为固定搭配，意为“从……跳出来”，符合“兔子从箱子里跳出来”的语境，jump away通常不与of连用。应填jumped out。 4．This cartoon movie is filled ________ warm humour and it is popular with teenagers. A．with B．of C．for D．at 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这部卡通电影充满了温暖的幽默，很受青少年欢迎。 with带有；of……的；for为了；at在……。固定搭配“be filled with”表示“充满……”，此处指电影充满了幽默，故填with。 5．Thousands of workers can be involved ________ making a complex modern movie. A．at B．in C．on D．for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：成千上万名工人可能会参与制作一部复杂的现代电影。 at在；in在……里面；on在……上面；for为了。固定短语be involved in意为“参与；涉及”。根据句意可知此处表示工人参与电影制作，应用介词in。 三、完成句子。 1．然而，他的老师叫他参加学校的演讲比赛。 However, he ________ ________ ________ ________ part in the speaking competition in his school by his teacher. 【答案】was asked to take 【详解】原句中“叫他参加”是关键词，表示“被要求做某事”的英文是be asked to do sth.；动作发生在过去，主语是he，be动词用was，“参加”的固定搭配为take part in，被动语态中不定式符号to不可省略，故填was；asked；to；take。 2．这部经典话剧已经上演很多年了。 This classic play ________ ________ ________ stage for many years. 【答案】 has been on 【详解】原句中“已经上演”是关键词，表示“上演”用短语be on stage，“已经”和时间状语“for many years”提示此句用现在完成时，主语“This classic play”是第三人称单数，谓语结构用“has+过去分词”，be的过去分词是不规则变化been。 3．这部戏剧是以一个古老的民间故事为基础的。(完成句子) The play is ________ ________ an old folk story. 【答案】 based on 【详解】原句中“以……为基础”是关键词，对应英文短语based on，与be动词is构成被动结构be based on，表示“以……为根据”。故填based；on。 4．这部电影被数百万人观看并获得了许多奖项。 The movie ________ ________ by millions of people and was awarded many prizes. 【答案】 was watched 【详解】原句中“被观看”是关键词，表示“被观看”需用被动语态，结构为“be+过去分词”；结合后半句“was awarded”可知句子时态为一般过去时，主语“The movie”是单数，be动词用“was”，“观看”的过去分词是“watched”。 5．最早的电影是在法国和德国制作的。 The very first movies ________ ________ in France and Germany. 【答案】 were made 【详解】原句中“制作”是关键词，电影是“被制作”，本句为一般过去时的被动语态，主语movies是复数，be 动词用were，后接make“制作”的过去分词made。 四、句型转换。 1．My English teacher often gives me some useful advice on learning English. (改为被动语态) Some useful advice on learning English is often ________ ________ me by my English teacher. 【答案】 given to 【详解】句意：我的英语老师经常给我一些关于学习英语的有用建议。原句为一般现在时，谓语动词gives是give的第三人称单数形式。give sb. sth.改为被动语态时，若以“物”作主语，结构为“sth. is given to sb.”。此处已有be动词is和频度副词often，故填given；to。 2．People use computers to do many things now. (改为被动语态) ___________________________________________ 【答案】Computers are used to do many things by people now. 【详解】句意：现在人们使用电脑去做很多事情。原句中“now”指出本句为一般现在时，一般现在时的被动语态结构为“am/is/are+过去分词”。改为被动语态后，原句的宾语“computers”需变为新主语，位于句首，首字母需大写。由于“computers”是复数，所以be动词用are。动词短语“use…to do”需变为对应的被动语态“be used to do”，在被动语态中常用“by+某人”表示“被某人……”。 3．was, the, by, directed, Jackie Chan, movie (连词成句)   ___________________. 【答案】The movie was directed by Jackie Chan. 【详解】根据所给词以及标点符号可知，本句是陈述句。根据所给词汇中的was和过去分词directed，可知本题是一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“be+过去分词”。the movie“这部电影”作主语，位于句首时首字母要大写；was directed“被导演”作谓语，by Jackie Chan“由成龙”表示动作的执行者，放在句末。 4．Huang Gongwang created many great works during his lifetime.（对画线部分提问） _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When did Huang Gongwang create many great works? 【详解】句意：黄公望在他的一生中创作了许多伟大的作品。划线部分“during his lifetime”在句中作时间状语，对时间提问应用特殊疑问词When，位于句首首字母大写。原句是一般过去时，谓语动词“created”为实义动词过去式，变疑问句需要借助助动词did，后面谓语动词还原为原形create。 5．Thousands of people are involved in making a movie. （对画线部分提问) _______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Who are involved in making a movie? 【详解】句意：有成千上万的人参与一部电影的制作。画线部分“Thousands of people”指人，且在句中作主语，因此使用特殊疑问词Who，句首首字母大写；对主语提问时，语序保持不变（陈述语序），直接用Who替换画线部分，不需要添加助动词。 一、语法选择 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （2026·辽宁沈阳·中考真题） One sunny weekend, Mr White, a sailing teacher, took his son Tom for their usual sailing practice. On arriving at the beach, they put on their life jackets. Then their 1 began. When Tom sailed, his father followed in his own boat, keeping a close eye on him. The 2 wind filled the sail and Tom’s sailboat moved gently in the calm water. Tom 3 that sailing would be easy as usual. He nodded at his father happily. Some time later, a sudden wind came out of nowhere. It was so strong that Tom’s sailboat was pushed in another direction. Not ready for the change, Tom lost his 4 and couldn’t control his sailboat. He fell into the water, all wet. His sailboat 5 , floating (漂浮) on the surface of water. “Help!” Tom shouted in 6 . “Take it easy. You’re safe. Try to right the boat,” said his father. Tom tried several times, but it didn’t 7 . “I can’t!” Tom cried, shaking all over. “Calm down. Do as I taught you before,” his father said in a loud voice. Tom 8 to the daggerboard in the middle of the sailboat. He pushed it down hard. The sailboat moved a little. “Push it harder,” his father added. Tom had another try and the sailboat was almost out of water. Courage 9 in his heart. With a final effort, Tom turned the sailboat upright (竖立着). Tom held the side of the sailboat and 10 climbed back onto it. “I made it!” Tom cheered. As Tom’s sailboat moved forward again, his father wore a smile on his face, still keeping a close eye on Tom. 1．A．dream B．match C．practice D．dialog 2．A．dry B．cold C．soft D．strong 3．A．thought B．forgot C．promised D．regretted 4．A．interest B．patience C．pressure D．balance 5．A．sped up B．broke down C．turned over D．passed by 6．A．shame B．fear C．anger D．surprise 7．A．work B．stop C．appear D．leave 8．A．ran B．rode C．flew D．swam 9．A．grew B．froze C．moved D．changed 10．A．curiously B．quickly C．secretly D．quietly 【答案】 1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文讲述了汤姆和父亲出海练习帆船，突遇大风落水，在父亲的指导下，鼓起勇气，努力把翻倒的帆船扶正，重新回到船上的故事。 【详解】1．句意：到达海滩后，他们穿上救生衣，然后他们的练习开始了。 文章开头提到二人来进行sailing practice帆船练习，穿上救生衣之后就开始练习，practice“练习”符合语境。dream“梦想”，match“比赛”，dialog“对话”，均不符合。 2．句意：柔和的风鼓起船帆，汤姆的帆船在平静的水面上缓缓前行。 后文船move gently缓缓移动、water是calm平静的水面，说明此时风很柔和，soft“柔和的”符合语境。dry“干燥的”，cold“寒冷的”，strong“猛烈的”，均不符合。 3．句意：汤姆认为帆船运动还会像往常一样简单，他开心地朝父亲点了点头。 看到水面风平浪静，汤姆内心产生想法，觉得航行会很简单，thought“认为”符合语境。forgot“忘记”，promised“承诺”，regretted“后悔”，均不符合。 4．句意：汤姆没有做好应对变故的准备，失去了平衡，无法操控帆船。 遇到突发大风，人在船上站不稳，就会失去平衡，balance“平衡”符合语境。interest“兴趣”，patience“耐心”，pressure“压力”，均不符合。 5．句意：他掉进水里，浑身湿透，帆船翻了，漂浮在水面上。 汤姆落水，船浮在水面，结合后文父亲让他把船扶正，可知船翻了，turned over“翻转”符合语境。sped up“加速”，broke down“出故障”，passed by“经过”，均不符合。 6．句意：汤姆恐惧地大喊：“救命！”。 落入水中，身处险境，汤姆内心充满恐惧，fear“恐惧”符合语境。shame“羞愧”，anger“愤怒”，surprise“惊讶”，均不符合。 7．句意：汤姆尝试了好几次，但是都没有奏效。 根据后句“I can’t!” Tom cried，说明多次尝试扶正船，但是没有成功，work“起作用，奏效”符合语境。stop“停止”，appear“出现”，leave“离开”，均不符合。 8．句意：汤姆游向帆船中间的稳向板。 汤姆掉落在水里，想要够到船上的部件，需要在水里游过去，swam“游泳”符合语境。ran“跑”，rode“骑”，flew“飞”，均不符合。 9．句意：他内心的勇气不断增长。 经过一次次尝试，汤姆内心慢慢生出勇气，grew“增长”符合语境。froze“冻结”，moved“移动”，changed“改变”，均不符合。 10．句意：汤姆抓住船舷，迅速爬回船上。 脱离危险之后，要尽快回到船上，quickly“迅速地”符合语境。curiously“好奇地”，secretly“秘密地”，quietly“安静地”，均不符合。 二、语法填空 根据短文内容，在横线上填上适当单词，使短文完整、通顺。 （2026·四川巴中·中考真题） Kung fu has a long history in China. In the past, it 1 (mean) a way of fighting to most people. People practiced it 2 (keep) themselves and their families safe. At that time, learning kung fu was very difficult, and students had to practice for many 3 (year) before they became masters. However, in today’s world, kung fu 4 (include) in many school activities. It is now far more than 5 fighting skill. Many people worldwide take up the art because it is 6 (use) for their health. Children enjoy practicing kung fu 7 a form of exercise, and it helps them feel better about themselves. 8 (recent), kung fu has also gained global popularity through films. Film stars like Jackie Chan have shown the world 9 amazing kung fu is. Although it is no longer just for fighting, the spirit of kung fu remains. It teaches learners to face difficulties and never give up. Watching a kung fu performance always leaves 10 (we) with a deep respect for the beauty and strength of Chinese culture. 【答案】 1．meant 2．to keep 3．years 4．is included 5．a 6．useful 7．as 8．Recently 9．how 10．us 【导语】本文介绍了中国功夫悠久的发展历史、如今的普及现状以及它带来的益处，还讲到功夫通过电影走向世界，其永不放弃的精神一直深深打动着人们。 【详解】1．句意：在过去，对大多数人来说，它意味着一种格斗方式。时间标志词In the past（在过去），用一般过去时；mean的过去式是meant。 2．句意：人们练习它，来保护自己和家人的安全。不定式to do表目的：人们练习功夫为了保护自己和家人安全，填to keep符合题意。 3．句意：在那个时候，学功夫非常困难，学生们必须练习许多年才能成为大师。many（许多）后面接可数名词复数，year要变成years，符合题意。 4．句意：然而，在当今世界，功夫被纳入许多校园活动当中。功夫“被包含”在校园活动中；kung fu是单数，一般现在时被动语态为is included。 5．句意：现如今它早已不仅仅是一项格斗技能。fighting skill是可数名词单数，辅音音素开头，填不定冠词a，意为“一项格斗技能”。 6．句意：世界各地很多人学习这项技艺，因为它对健康有益。be useful for…固定短语，意为“对……有益”；use的形容词形式useful。 7．句意：孩子们喜欢把练功夫当作一种锻炼方式，并且它有助于提升自我认同感。根据句意，这里填“作为”，as a form of exercise意为“作为一种锻炼方式”，as意为“作为”，符合语境。 8．句意：最近，功夫也通过电影风靡全球。副词放句首作时间状语，recent的副词形式Recently，首字母大写。 9．句意：像成龙这样的电影明星向全世界展示了功夫是多么了不起。修饰形容词amazing，应用how。 10．句意：观看一场功夫表演总会让我们由衷敬畏中华文化之美与力量。leave是及物动词，后面用人称代词宾格；we的宾格是us。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $