Unit 5 Sport 复习动词的时态和被动语态（单元核心语法精练）英语沪教牛津版九年级下册

Unit 5 Sport 核心语法精练（复习动词的时态和被动语态） 目录 A. 考点概览·知识回顾 1 一、六大常用时态 1 二、动词各个形式的变化规则 3 三、 被动语态 4 B. 考点夯基·专项突破 6 一、单项选择 6 二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。 9 三、完成句子 10 C. 综合攻坚·能力跃升 10 一、语法选择 10 二、语法填空 12 一、六大常用时态 时态 定义(用法) 构成 标志(时间状语) 例句 一般现在时 表示经常性发生的动作、习惯性动作或客观真理、科学事实等。 1.be动词(am / is / are) 2.实义动词（主语为第三人称单数，动词+s/es, 其他人称用动词原形） often,usually, always,sometimes,never,every day, seldom... He often plays football with his friends after school. The earth goes around the sun. 一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。 1.动词was/were 2.实义动词过去式 yesterday(morning…),last (week…),two  days ago , in 2000 He visited his grandparents last weekend. They were in Beijing in 2000. 现在进行时 表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。 be(am/is/are) ＋动词现在分词 now, at the moment, Listen! Look！… Listen! Someone is singing in the next room. My parents are watching TV at the moment. 过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 was/were ＋动词现在分词 at 8 o'clock yesterday,from 8 to 10  o'clock last Sunday, at that moment... He was doing his homework at 8 o'clock yesterday evening. They were planting trees from 8 to 10 o'clock last Sunday. 一般将来时 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态；表示 计划、打算、预测在未来发生的事情。 1.will ＋ 动原2.be going to ＋ 动原 tomorrow (morning…), next (week…) in two days，in 2030，in the future，soon , how soon We will have a math test next Monday. It is going to rain this afternoon. 现在完成时 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果或者表示动作从过去开始持续到现在（可能仍在继续）。 主语＋助动词（have/has）＋过去分词 already, ever, yet, never,before,recently,for+时间段, since ＋表过去的时间点,ever since，in the last/past+ 时间段，over these years... I have already finished reading this novel. She has lived in this city for five years. 易错点 1.在时间、条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来时(即：主将从现)； 例如：When he arrives, we will start the meeting. If he doesn't hurry up, he will be late for school. 2.由when、while引导的时间状语从句中，延续性动词用过去进行时，短暂性动词用一般过去时。 例如：While Mary was reading books, Kate was doing her homework. When Jim got home, Mother was cooking food. When Mike was cleaning the room, Tom came in. 3.辨析have gone to、have been to、have been in have gone to 含义：表示“去了某地（还未回来）”，强调人不在说话地点，可能在去某地的途中、已经到达该地或者在返回途中但还未回到出发地。 例句：He has gone to Beijing.（他去北京了，现在不在说话的地方 ） have been to 含义：表示“去过某地（已经回来）”，强调过去曾经有过到某地的经历，现在人已经回到说话地点。可与次数连用，说明去过某地几次。 例句：I have been to Paris twice.（我去过巴黎两次 ） have been in 含义：表示“在某地（待了多长时间）”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，强调在某个地方持续停留的状态。 例句：She has been in Shanghai for three years.（她在上海已经待了三年了 ） 二、动词各个形式的变化规则 ①行为动词的第三人称单数形式(-es / -s)的规则变化： 1.一般情况下，直接在动词的词尾加-s如：stop→stops；take→takes 2.以-sh、-ch、-o、-s、-x结尾的动词直接在词尾加后缀-es，如：wash→washes watch→watches; go→goes; do→does; guess→guesses; fix→fixes 3.以“辅音字母 ＋ y”结尾的动词把y改为i再加后缀-es, 如：study→studies; carry→carries ▲ 不规则动词： have→has ②现在分词(动名词)的构成规则(v.-ing) 1.一般情况下，直接加-ing，如：cook→cooking；read→reading；look→looking；clean→cleaning; throw→throwing 2.以不发音的e结尾，去e加-ing，如：make→making；have→having；write→writing 3.以“一个元音字母 ＋ 一个辅音字母”结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ing： run→running；stop→stopping；swim→swimming；sit→sitting；begin→beginning 4.以-ie结尾的动词，改ie为y再加 -ing，例如： die (死) →dying；lie(躺；说谎) →lying；tie(系；捆) →tying； ③动词过去式和过去分词变化规则如下： 1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点： （1）一般动词，在词尾直接加＂-ed ＂。 work→worked→worked visit→visited→visited （2）以＂ e ＂结尾的动词，只在词尾加＂-d ＂。 　　 live→lived→lived （3）以＂辅音字母 + y ＂结尾的动词，将 ＂y＂ 变为 ＂i＂ ，再加＂-ed ＂。 study→studied→studied cry→cried→cried （4）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加＂-ed ＂。 stop→stopped→stopped drop→dropped→dropped 2. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。 cut→cut→cut hit→hit→hit break→broke→broken 三、 被动语态 知识回顾 一、被动语态的定义 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。在主动语态时，句子的主语是这个动作的执行者；在被动语态时，句子的主语是这个动作的承受者。如： They built this house. 他们建造了这座房子。 主语they是built这个动作的执行者，动词用主动语态。 →The house was built by them. 这座房子是由他们建造的。 主语the house是built这个动作的承受者，动词用被动语态。 二、常见不同时态的被动语态及其构成 被动语态由“系动词be＋动词过去分词”构成。它和主动语态一样有人称、数和时态的变化，主要通过系动词be的变化来体现。 以动词do为例，几种常用时态的主动语态和被动语态的结构形式如下： 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are＋done This kind of bag is made in China. 这种包是在中国制造的。 一般过去时 was/were＋done The window was broken yesterday.（窗户昨天被打碎了） 一般将来时 will/shall＋be＋done The project will be finished in a month.这个项目将在一个月内完成。 含情态动词 情态动词＋be＋done Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. 青少年们应该被允许选择他们自己的衣服。 现在完成时 have/has been done The homework has been finished by Jim.吉姆已经写完家庭作业了。 三、被动语态的否定句和疑问句 (1) 被动语态的否定句在be后加not。如： The song is not liked by young people. 这首歌不受年轻人喜爱。 (2) 被动语态的疑问句将be提至主语前。如： Is Chinese used only in China? 汉语只在中国使用吗？ — Are these computers made in the USA? 这些电脑是美国制造的吗？ — Yes, they are. 是的。 No, they aren’t. 不，不是的。 四、被动语态的应用 1.不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态，省略by短语。 如：A man was killed in the accident. 一个人死于事故。 This window was broken yesterday. 这扇窗子是昨天被打破的。 2.不说或者众所周知是谁做时，用被动语态，省略by短语。 如：Rice is also grown in this place. 这个地方也种水稻。 A railway will be built here in three years. 三年以后这里将要修建一条铁路。 3.强调动作的承受者，句尾加by短语。 如：It was written by Lu Xun. 它是鲁迅写的。 五、主动变被动的方法 一般情况：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词变被动 主动：Many people speak Chinese in the world. 被动：Chinese is spoken by many people in the world. 特殊情况 ①双宾语：如果间接宾语作被动的主语，直接宾语前要有介词“to或for”。 如：He gave me a book. → A book was given to me by him. ②还原“to”的被动语态：如果谓语动词是“使役动词”和“感官动词”，主动句中的宾语补足语是省去“to”的不定式，变成被动时要加上“to”。 如：He makes me clean the room. → I was made to clean the room by him. 六、主动结构表被动意义的情况（即无被动语态） （1）不及物动词（短语）无被动，如 happen,take place,rise,appear,disappear, come true, break out等。 The sun rises in the east.太阳在东方升起。 （2）open, lock, write, read, sell，clean,burn等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，用于描述主语的特征或性质,，可用主动语态表被动意义。 如：This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。 （3）look，sound，taste，smell，feel, prove等系动词没有被动结构，故用主动结构表被动意义。 如：My advice proved to be wrong.我的建议被证明是错的。 She looks beautiful. 她看起来很漂亮。 （4）want/need/require＋doing相当于want/need/require＋to be done，to be done为不定式的被动结构。 如：Your bedroom needs cleaning right now. ＝Your bedroom needs to be cleaned right now.你的房间需要立马被清理。 （5）be worth doing用主动形式表被动意义。 如：The movie is really worth watching. 这部电影真的值得一看。 一、单项选择 1. My mother often ______ to music after dinner, but now she ______ TV. A．listen; watch B．listens; watches C．listens; is watching D．is listening; watches 2．The teacher taught us that light ______ faster than sound. A．travels B．traveled C．is traveling D．will travel 3. At the National Day party last week, my best friend ________ a beautiful song about our motherland. A．sings B．sang C．will sing D．was singing 4．（易错题）She always ______ a book before going to bed when she was a student. A．read B．reads C．reading D．to read 5.（易错题）I ________ with my parents when I was a child. A．used to playing B．used to play C．am used to playing D．am used to play 6.— What a nice bike! Where ________ you ________ it? — In a store near my grandma’s home. A．will; buy B．are; buying C．did; buy D．do; buy 7．（易错题）I really don’t know if he ________ tomorrow. If he ________, please tell me. A．comes, will come B．comes, comes C．will come, comes D．will come, will come 8. There ________ a basketball match in our school next Monday. A．is going to have B．will have C．is going to be D．are going to be 9. Listen! Grandpa __________ in the living room now. A．is singing B．was singing C．will sing D．sings 10．—Sam, let’s do the cleaning together. —Just a minute. I ________ my homework, almost finished. A．did B．am doing C．will do D．have done 11.We ________ TV at home when it suddenly began to rain heavily outside. A．watch B．are watching C．were watching D．have watched 12. He was walking in the park ________ he suddenly remembered an important appointment. A．while B．when C．after D．if 13. Samuel, together with his parents, ________ in the park when they saw the poor man. A．are walking B．is walking C．were walking D．was walking 14. She ________ several companies since she started job hunting last month． A．contacted B．contacts C．has contacted D．had contacted 15. —________ you ________ your science project yet? —Yes, I ________ it two weeks ago. A．Did; do; finished B．Have; done; have finished C．Have; done; finished D．Will; do; finish 16. （易错题）I ________ this book for two weeks. I have to return it to the library today. A．have borrowed B．borrowed C．have kept D．kept 17.（易错题） —Where is Mr. Wang? —He together with his students ________ Zhuyuwan Park. A．has gone to B．have gone to C．has been to D．have been to 18. We ________ to Beijing three times in the past five years, and we plan to go again next year. A．travel B．traveled C．have traveled D．are traveling 19. The meeting will start as soon as the manager ________ the report． A．will receive B．received C．receives D．is receiving 20．When I got to the classroom this morning, the lecture ________ for 10 minutes. A．have begun B．had begun C．have been on D．had been on 21. Do you need my help to boil the eggs? —Thanks. They________ five minutes ago. A．were boiled B．are boiled C．will be boiled D．have boiled 22. —Have you heard of the UN Chinese Language Day? —Of course. Chinese ________ by more and more people nowadays. A．speaks B．is spoken C．spoke D．was spoken 23．Chinese paper-cutting ________ to many foreign countries during the Tang Dynasty. A．introduced B．was introduced C．will be introduced D．has introduced 24. The next Olympic Games ________ in Los Angeles in 2028. A．will hold B．will be held C．hold D．are held 25. The Chinese Spring Festival ________ on the list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity since 2024. A．includes B．is included C．has included D．has been included 26. I think teenagers ________ to make their own decisions. A．should allow B．should be allowed C．be allowed D．be allowing 27．Sorry, your car can’t ________ in front of the hotel. A．put B．putting C．be put D．be putting 28. —Excuse me. When can we play badminton at the court? —Not until next week. The court needs ________. A．repairs B．to repair C．to repairing D．to be repaired 29.Silk ________ more comfortable than cotton. A．feels B．felt C．is feeling D．is felt 30. East or west, Guilin landscape is the best. So Guilin is worth ________ many times. A．to be visited B．to visit C．visiting D．to visiting 二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。 1．My brother Tom often (fix) the broken things around his house. 2．The Earth (go) around the Sun. 3．Doing morning exercises and jogging (be) good for us. 4．David to the customer for the rotten peppers yesterday. (apology) 5．I couldn’t believe that he (lie) to me about the homework yesterday. 6．She finally (realize) her dream of becoming a singer after years of hard work. 7．He (sweep) the floor carefully and then mopped it. 8．My twin sister (practice) the piano next week. 9.At the moment, most of the people in Beijing (sleep). 10．Look! All the students (read) English poems (诗). Please take a photo for the parents. 11. He (not chat) with his friends on the Internet at 11:00 last night. 12．My sister (do) her homework when I came last night. 13．Many road accidents can (avoid) if we all follow traffic rules. 14．I (read) this English storybook twice, and I still think it’s very interesting. 15．My cousin (grow) two centimeters taller this summer vacation. 16．Please tell Li Jun about it if he (come) back. 17.Fresh vegetables (sell) in this shop every morning to make sure local people can buy healthy food. 18. The meetings (hold) every Wednesday at 3 PM. 19. Two more methods (suggest) to work out the problem, but neither of them was practical. 20.Taiwan (hit) by two typhoons this year. 21．As an old saying goes, “Nothing can (achieve) without perseverance.” 22.The bank was (steal) by some thieves at midnight. 23. Don’t be worried so much, all these problems (deal) with soon. 24. The next Winter Olympic Games (hold) in Milan in 2026. 25．In the past 200 years, more than half of all the trees on the Earth (destroy). 三、完成句子 1.此外，文化节期间还上演了几部英文戏剧。 Besides, several English plays during the culture festival. 2.今天，我们的地理老师使我们初次了解了全球变暖的影响。 Today, our geography teacher us the effects of global warming. 3.例如，每年都应该种植更多的树木。 For example, more trees each year. 4．如果每个人都采取行动，世界将会变得更绿和更美丽。 If everybody , the world greener and more beautiful. 5. 为了改善身体健康，学校鼓励学生们参加不同种类的体育活动。 To improve students’ health, they join in different kinds of sports. 6.1926年3月，黄旭华出生于广东省的一个医生家庭里。 Huang Xuhua March, 1926 to a family of doctors in Guangdong province. 7.下个月将在学校操场上举行一场讨论会。 A discussion on the playground next month. 8. 当暴风雨突然来临时，他们正在山顶上野餐。 They ______ ______ a picnic on the top of the mountain when the storm came suddenly. 9. 这位科学家自从 2010 年以来就一直在研究这个课题，还没有取得突破性进展。 The scientist ______ ______ on this project since 2010 and hasn't made a breakthrough yet. 10.这些年，他们去过很多欧洲国家，比如法国、德国和意大利。 Over the years, they ______ ______ ______ many European countries, such as France, Germany and Italy. 一、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1—15题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Since my father moved from Harbin to live with us in the city, he had been much heavier than before. As time went by, his health got a bit 1 . So I had to take him to see a doctor. My father 2 to lose weight by doing exercise every day. He had no choice but to follow 3 the doctor said. I 4 him that I would exercise with him every morning. At first, he got up very early and ran with me in 5 neighborhood. I tried to run slowly 6 he could follow me. After running for 7 minutes, I told him the proper way of exercise and the importance of eating healthy food. He listened to me carefully. It made me 8 that he told me everything very patiently when I was a kid. 9 the second morning, I praised him for keeping 10 with me. But after two weeks, he wanted to give up running because he thought the 11 exercise didn’t work at all. To encourage him, I taught him 12 to use the facilities for exercise in the gym. He began to exercise again. With my help, it 13 him one month to develop a good habit of daily exercise. “Thank you, my dear son. Exercise brings health and 14 to me. I will never worry about my health.” His words touched my heart 15 . I felt happy to make a big difference to my father’s life. 1．A．bad B．badly C．worse D．worst 2．A．tells B．was told C．told D．telling 3．A．where B．which C．that D．what 4．A．told B．tell C．have told D．am telling 5．A．us B．we C．ours D．our 6．A．so B．so that C．that D．but 7．A．some B．little C．any D．few 8．A．to remember B．remembered C．remember D．remembering 9．A．For B．In C．On D．With 10．A．to run B．run C．ran D．running 11．A．two-week B．two week C．two-weeks D．two weeks 12．A．what B．how C．where D．when 13．A．cost B．spent C．took D．paid 14．A．happiness B．happy C．happily D．happier 15．A．deep B．deeper C．deepest D．deeply 二、语法填空 None expected that Baduanjin would become popular among young Chinese people. In the past couple of years, 1 online teaching video Baduanjin, a form of Qigong, has been played for more than 10 million times. “I have been doing Baduanjin for about four months. It helps me sleep 2 (well) and get stronger. I like Baduanjin very much because it gives me a much healthier lifestyle,” a young man shared. Baduanjin was 3 (one) created over 800 years ago during the Song Dynasty. It’s one of the oldest health and fitness practices in China. Its name 4 (make) up of two parts, namely “baduan” and “jin”. The first part refers to (涉及) eight different movements. And the second part refers to the stretch (舒展) and smoothness of the movements. Compared to sports such as ball games or swimming, Baduanjin is slow and usually played with gentle music, so it used to be considered 5 a sport for the elders. 6 (gradual), however, many young people have realized the benefits (益处) of the sport. It helps kill 7 (they) neck and back pain after long working hours while not requiring much effort, time and space. Sun Yuxuan, a college student studying martial (武术的) arts, has also noticed the rising 8 (popular) of Baduanjin. The 21-year-old girl has been teaching other students 9 (practice) for over three years. They started with 20 members in 2019 and the group has 45 members now. Every member in the group is very active. “I didn’t expect that it could attract (吸引) so many young people. I guess that’s 10 they receive real benefits from the sport,” she said. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Sport 核心语法精练（复习动词的时态和被动语态） 目录 A. 考点概览·知识回顾 1 一、六大常用时态 1 二、动词各个形式的变化规则 3 三、 被动语态 4 B. 考点夯基·专项突破 7 一、单项选择 7 二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。 14 三、完成句子 17 C. 综合攻坚·能力跃升 19 一、语法选择 19 二、语法填空 22 一、六大常用时态 时态 定义(用法) 构成 标志(时间状语) 例句 一般现在时 表示经常性发生的动作、习惯性动作或客观真理、科学事实等。 1.be动词(am / is / are) 2.实义动词（主语为第三人称单数，动词+s/es, 其他人称用动词原形） often,usually, always,sometimes,never,every day, seldom... He often plays football with his friends after school. The earth goes around the sun. 一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。 1.动词was/were 2.实义动词过去式 yesterday(morning…),last (week…),two  days ago , in 2000 He visited his grandparents last weekend. They were in Beijing in 2000. 现在进行时 表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。 be(am/is/are) ＋动词现在分词 now, at the moment, Listen! Look！… Listen! Someone is singing in the next room. My parents are watching TV at the moment. 过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 was/were ＋动词现在分词 at 8 o'clock yesterday,from 8 to 10  o'clock last Sunday, at that moment... He was doing his homework at 8 o'clock yesterday evening. They were planting trees from 8 to 10 o'clock last Sunday. 一般将来时 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态；表示 计划、打算、预测在未来发生的事情。 1.will ＋ 动原2.be going to ＋ 动原 tomorrow (morning…), next (week…) in two days，in 2030，in the future，soon , how soon We will have a math test next Monday. It is going to rain this afternoon. 现在完成时 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果或者表示动作从过去开始持续到现在（可能仍在继续）。 主语＋助动词（have/has）＋过去分词 already, ever, yet, never,before,recently,for+时间段, since ＋表过去的时间点,ever since，in the last/past+ 时间段，over these years... I have already finished reading this novel. She has lived in this city for five years. 易错点 1.在时间、条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来时(即：主将从现)； 例如：When he arrives, we will start the meeting. If he doesn't hurry up, he will be late for school. 2.由when、while引导的时间状语从句中，延续性动词用过去进行时，短暂性动词用一般过去时。 例如：While Mary was reading books, Kate was doing her homework. When Jim got home, Mother was cooking food. When Mike was cleaning the room, Tom came in. 3.辨析have gone to、have been to、have been in have gone to 含义：表示“去了某地（还未回来）”，强调人不在说话地点，可能在去某地的途中、已经到达该地或者在返回途中但还未回到出发地。 例句：He has gone to Beijing.（他去北京了，现在不在说话的地方 ） have been to 含义：表示“去过某地（已经回来）”，强调过去曾经有过到某地的经历，现在人已经回到说话地点。可与次数连用，说明去过某地几次。 例句：I have been to Paris twice.（我去过巴黎两次 ） have been in 含义：表示“在某地（待了多长时间）”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，强调在某个地方持续停留的状态。 例句：She has been in Shanghai for three years.（她在上海已经待了三年了 ） 二、动词各个形式的变化规则 ①行为动词的第三人称单数形式(-es / -s)的规则变化： 1.一般情况下，直接在动词的词尾加-s如：stop→stops；take→takes 2.以-sh、-ch、-o、-s、-x结尾的动词直接在词尾加后缀-es，如：wash→washes watch→watches; go→goes; do→does; guess→guesses; fix→fixes 3.以“辅音字母 ＋ y”结尾的动词把y改为i再加后缀-es, 如：study→studies; carry→carries ▲ 不规则动词： have→has ②现在分词(动名词)的构成规则(v.-ing) 1.一般情况下，直接加-ing，如：cook→cooking；read→reading；look→looking；clean→cleaning; throw→throwing 2.以不发音的e结尾，去e加-ing，如：make→making；have→having；write→writing 3.以“一个元音字母 ＋ 一个辅音字母”结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ing： run→running；stop→stopping；swim→swimming；sit→sitting；begin→beginning 4.以-ie结尾的动词，改ie为y再加 -ing，例如： die (死) →dying；lie(躺；说谎) →lying；tie(系；捆) →tying； ③动词过去式和过去分词变化规则如下： 1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点： （1）一般动词，在词尾直接加＂-ed ＂。 work→worked→worked visit→visited→visited （2）以＂ e ＂结尾的动词，只在词尾加＂-d ＂。 　　 live→lived→lived （3）以＂辅音字母 + y ＂结尾的动词，将 ＂y＂ 变为 ＂i＂ ，再加＂-ed ＂。 study→studied→studied cry→cried→cried （4）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加＂-ed ＂。 stop→stopped→stopped drop→dropped→dropped 2. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。 cut→cut→cut hit→hit→hit break→broke→broken 三、 被动语态 知识回顾 一、被动语态的定义 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。在主动语态时，句子的主语是这个动作的执行者；在被动语态时，句子的主语是这个动作的承受者。如： They built this house. 他们建造了这座房子。 主语they是built这个动作的执行者，动词用主动语态。 →The house was built by them. 这座房子是由他们建造的。 主语the house是built这个动作的承受者，动词用被动语态。 二、常见不同时态的被动语态及其构成 被动语态由“系动词be＋动词过去分词”构成。它和主动语态一样有人称、数和时态的变化，主要通过系动词be的变化来体现。 以动词do为例，几种常用时态的主动语态和被动语态的结构形式如下： 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are＋done This kind of bag is made in China. 这种包是在中国制造的。 一般过去时 was/were＋done The window was broken yesterday.（窗户昨天被打碎了） 一般将来时 will/shall＋be＋done The project will be finished in a month.这个项目将在一个月内完成。 含情态动词 情态动词＋be＋done Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. 青少年们应该被允许选择他们自己的衣服。 现在完成时 have/has been done The homework has been finished by Jim.吉姆已经写完家庭作业了。 三、被动语态的否定句和疑问句 (1) 被动语态的否定句在be后加not。如： The song is not liked by young people. 这首歌不受年轻人喜爱。 (2) 被动语态的疑问句将be提至主语前。如： Is Chinese used only in China? 汉语只在中国使用吗？ — Are these computers made in the USA? 这些电脑是美国制造的吗？ — Yes, they are. 是的。 No, they aren’t. 不，不是的。 四、被动语态的应用 1.不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态，省略by短语。 如：A man was killed in the accident. 一个人死于事故。 This window was broken yesterday. 这扇窗子是昨天被打破的。 2.不说或者众所周知是谁做时，用被动语态，省略by短语。 如：Rice is also grown in this place. 这个地方也种水稻。 A railway will be built here in three years. 三年以后这里将要修建一条铁路。 3.强调动作的承受者，句尾加by短语。 如：It was written by Lu Xun. 它是鲁迅写的。 五、主动变被动的方法 一般情况：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词变被动 主动：Many people speak Chinese in the world. 被动：Chinese is spoken by many people in the world. 特殊情况 ①双宾语：如果间接宾语作被动的主语，直接宾语前要有介词“to或for”。 如：He gave me a book. → A book was given to me by him. ②还原“to”的被动语态：如果谓语动词是“使役动词”和“感官动词”，主动句中的宾语补足语是省去“to”的不定式，变成被动时要加上“to”。 如：He makes me clean the room. → I was made to clean the room by him. 六、主动结构表被动意义的情况（即无被动语态） （1）不及物动词（短语）无被动，如 happen,take place,rise,appear,disappear, come true, break out等。 The sun rises in the east.太阳在东方升起。 （2）open, lock, write, read, sell，clean,burn等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，用于描述主语的特征或性质,，可用主动语态表被动意义。 如：This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。 （3）look，sound，taste，smell，feel, prove等系动词没有被动结构，故用主动结构表被动意义。 如：My advice proved to be wrong.我的建议被证明是错的。 She looks beautiful. 她看起来很漂亮。 （4）want/need/require＋doing相当于want/need/require＋to be done，to be done为不定式的被动结构。 如：Your bedroom needs cleaning right now. ＝Your bedroom needs to be cleaned right now.你的房间需要立马被清理。 （5）be worth doing用主动形式表被动意义。 如：The movie is really worth watching. 这部电影真的值得一看。 一、单项选择 1. My mother often ______ to music after dinner, but now she ______ TV. A．listen; watch B．listens; watches C．listens; is watching D．is listening; watches 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我妈妈经常晚饭后听音乐，但现在她正在看电视。 考查时态。listens听（第三人称单数形式）；listen听（原形）；is listening正在听（现在进行时）；watches看（第三人称单数形式）；watch看（原形）；is watching正在看（现在进行时）。根据“often”可知，第一空用一般现在时，主语“My mother”是第三人称单数，所以用“listens”；根据“now”可知，第二空用现在进行时，结构是“be + 现在分词”，所以用“is watching”。故选C。 2．The teacher taught us that light ______ faster than sound. A．travels B．traveled C．is traveling D．will travel 【答案】A 【详解】句意：老师教过我们光比声音传播得快。 考查一般现在时。“light travels faster than sound” 是客观真理（光速比声速快），在宾语从句中，客观真理要用一般现在时，不管主句是什么时态。故选A。 3. At the National Day party last week, my best friend ________ a beautiful song about our motherland. A．sings B．sang C．will sing D．was singing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在上周的国庆晚会上，我最好的朋友唱了一首关于我们祖国的优美歌曲。 考查动词时态。根据时间状语“last week”可知，动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时。故选B。 4．（易错题）She always ______ a book before going to bed when she was a student. A．read B．reads C．reading D．to read 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当她还是学生的时候，总是在睡前读一本书。 考查动词时态。句中“when she was a student”为过去时间状语，主句时态需用一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式read。故选A。 5.（易错题）I ________ with my parents when I was a child. A．used to playing B．used to play C．am used to playing D．am used to play 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我小时候常常和父母一起玩。 考查短语辨析。used to playing表述错误；used to play过去常常玩；am used to playing习惯于玩；am used to play被用来玩。根据时间状语“when I was a child”可知，此处描述的是过去常做的事情，应用“used to play”，故选B。 6.— What a nice bike! Where ________ you ________ it? — In a store near my grandma’s home. A．will; buy B．are; buying C．did; buy D．do; buy 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——多好的自行车啊！你在哪里买的它？——在我奶奶家附近的一家商店。 考查一般过去时。根据“What a nice bike!”可知，已经买了这辆自行车，表示动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。助动词用did，其后动词用原形。故选C。 7．（易错题）I really don’t know if he ________ tomorrow. If he ________, please tell me. A．comes, will come B．comes, comes C．will come, comes D．will come, will come 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我不知道他明天是否来。如果他来，请告诉我。 考查动词时态。分析句子结构，前句为if引导的宾语从句，主句为一般现在时，从句不限制时态，再结合时间状语tomorrow“明天”可知，从句时态应为一般将来时，其结构为“will do sth.”；后句为if引导的条件状语从句，从句时态应用一般现在时，且从句主语he为第三人称单数形式，应用其对应的动词三单形式comes作谓语。故选C。 8. There ________ a basketball match in our school next Monday. A．is going to have B．will have C．is going to be D．are going to be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：下周一我们学校将有一场篮球比赛。 考查there be句型的一般将来时。there be句型的一般将来时结构为there will be或there is/are going to be。a basketball match是单数。故选C。 9. Listen! Grandpa __________ in the living room now. A．is singing B．was singing C．will sing D．sings 【答案】A 【详解】句意：听！爷爷现在正在客厅唱歌。 考查现在进行时。根据题干中的“Listen!”和“now”可知，句子描述的是正在发生的动作，需用现在进行时，结构为“am/is/are+doing”。故选A。 10．—Sam, let’s do the cleaning together. —Just a minute. I ________ my homework, almost finished. A．did B．am doing C．will do D．have done 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——山姆，我们一起打扫卫生吧。——等一下。我正在做作业，就快做完了。 考查动词时态辨析。根据“Just a minute. I...my homework, almost finished.”可知，此处表示此刻正在做作业，还没完成，所以用现在进行时。故选B。 11.We ________ TV at home when it suddenly began to rain heavily outside. A．watch B．are watching C．were watching D．have watched 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们正在家里看电视，这时外面突然开始下大雨。 考查过去进行时。根据“when it suddenly began to rain heavily outside”可知，此处表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，其结构为was/were+动词的现在分词，主语是we，be动词用were。 故选C。 12. He was walking in the park ________ he suddenly remembered an important appointment. A．while B．when C．after D．if 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他正在公园里散步，这时突然想起了一个重要的约会。 考查连词辨析。while当……时；when当……时；after在……之后；if如果。根据“He was walking in the park...he suddenly remembered an important appointment.”可知，这里指在散步时想起了一个重要的约会，该句是一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作突然发生，且是一个瞬间动作，不是延续性的，所以应用when引导时间状语从句，故选B。 13. Samuel, together with his parents, ________ in the park when they saw the poor man. A．are walking B．is walking C．were walking D．was walking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：塞缪尔和他的父母正在公园里散步，这时他们看到了那个可怜的人。 考查主谓一致和时态。根据句子结构和语境可知，本句为含有时间状语从句的复合句，主句描述过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+doing”；together with连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致，本句中前面的主语为Samuel，是第三人称单数，所以be动词用was。故选D。 14. She ________ several companies since she started job hunting last month． A．contacted B．contacts C．has contacted D．had contacted 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她自上个月开始求职以来已经联系了几家公司。   考查动词时态。根据时间状语“since she started job hunting last month”可知，动作从过去开始持续到现在，强调对现在的影响，应使用现在完成时。故选C。 15. —________ you ________ your science project yet? —Yes, I ________ it two weeks ago. A．Did; do; finished B．Have; done; have finished C．Have; done; finished D．Will; do; finish 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你已经完成你的科学项目了吗？——是的，我两周前完成的。 考查现在完成时和一般过去时。根据“yet”以及句意可知，第一空所在句子是询问是否完成项目，应用现在完成时have done的结构，排除A和D选项。第二空根据时间状语“two weeks ago”可知，句子应用一般过去时，排除B选项。故选C。 16. （易错题）I ________ this book for two weeks. I have to return it to the library today. A．have borrowed B．borrowed C．have kept D．kept 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我借这本书已经两周了，今天必须把它还给图书馆。   考查动词时态辨析。根据时间状语“for two weeks”和语境“必须今天归还”，表示从过去持续到现在的动作，需用现在完成时。borrow是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用，需用延续性动词keep表示持续持有。故选C。 17.（易错题） —Where is Mr. Wang? —He together with his students ________ Zhuyuwan Park. A．has gone to B．have gone to C．has been to D．have been to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——王先生在哪里？ ——他和他的学生们一起去了茱萸湾公园 (还没回来)。 考查主谓一致和have gone to用法。have gone to去了某地 (尚未回来)；have been to去过某地 (已回来)。根据空格前“He together with his students”可知，句子主语是“He”，“together with his students”是伴随状语，不影响主语的单复数。根据“主谓一致”规则，谓语动词需与主语“He”保持一致，助动词应用has，排除B和D；结合问句“Where is Mr. Wang?”，说明王老师不在现场，即去了茱萸湾公园，还没有返回到说话地，应用“has gone to”，排除C。故选A。 18. We ________ to Beijing three times in the past five years, and we plan to go again next year. A．travel B．traveled C．have traveled D．are traveling 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在过去的五年里，我们已经去过北京三次了，并且我们计划明年再去。 考查时态。根据时间状语“in the past five years”表示过去发生且持续到现在的动作，用现在完成时“have traveled”。故选C。 19. The meeting will start as soon as the manager ________ the report． A．will receive B．received C．receives D．is receiving 【答案】C 【详解】句意：会议将在经理收到报告后立即开始。   考查动词时态。主句使用一般将来时（will start），时间状语从句中需用一般现在时表示将来动作。根据句意，此处应选择表示“收到”的一般现在时第三人称单数形式。故选C。 20．When I got to the classroom this morning, the lecture ________ for 10 minutes. A．have begun B．had begun C．have been on D．had been on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：今天早上我到教室的时候，讲座已经开始10分钟了。 考查时态和延续性动词。根据“for 10 minutes”可知，此处应用延续性动词，began开始，过去分词begun，属于短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用，排除A、B；根据“When I got to the classroom this morning”可知，在讲座在我到达教室前已经开始了，应该用过去完成时态，排除C。故选D。 21. Do you need my help to boil the eggs? —Thanks. They________ five minutes ago. A．were boiled B．are boiled C．will be boiled D．have boiled 【答案】A 【详解】句意：— 你需要我帮忙煮鸡蛋吗？— 谢谢。它们五分钟前就煮好了。 考查被动语态和时态。were boiled 一般过去时的被动语态；are boiled 一般现在时的被动语态；will be boiled 一般将来时的被动语态；have boiled 现在完成时的主动语态。根据 “five minutes ago” 可知，时态为一般过去时；且 “eggs” 与 “boil” 之间是被动关系，即鸡蛋被煮，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。故选 were boiled。 22. —Have you heard of the UN Chinese Language Day? —Of course. Chinese ________ by more and more people nowadays. A．speaks B．is spoken C．spoke D．was spoken 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你听说过联合国中文日吗？——当然。如今，越来越多的人说中文。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。speaks说，第三人称单数形式；is spoken被说，一般现在时的被动语态；spoke说，过去式；was spoken被说，一般过去时的被动语态。根据语境可知，中文是被越来越多的人说，因此要用被动语态，且由“nowadays”可知，此句用一般现在时，所以应该用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。 23．Chinese paper-cutting ________ to many foreign countries during the Tang Dynasty. A．introduced B．was introduced C．will be introduced D．has introduced 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国剪纸是在唐代传入国外的。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“during the Tang Dynasty”可知，句子时态为一般过去时；主语“Chinese paper-cutting”为动作承受者，需用被动语态，B项符合。故选B。 24. The next Olympic Games ________ in Los Angeles in 2028. A．will hold B．will be held C．hold D．are held 【答案】B 【详解】句意：下一届奥运会将于2028年在洛杉矶举行。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“in 2028”可知，时态是一般将来时，主语“The next Olympic Games”和谓语“hold”之间是被动关系，表示“被举行”，所以用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选B。 25. The Chinese Spring Festival ________ on the list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity since 2024. A．includes B．is included C．has included D．has been included 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自2024年起，中国春节已被列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。 考查现在完成时的被动语态。分析句子可知，主语“The Chinese Spring Festival”和动词include是被动关系，结合时间状语“since 2024”可知，此句用现在完成时的被动语态，结构为have/has been done。故选D。 26. I think teenagers ________ to make their own decisions. A．should allow B．should be allowed C．be allowed D．be allowing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我认为青少年应该被允许自己做决定。   考查含情态动词的被动语态。根据句意可知，主语“teenagers”与动词“allow”之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，结构：be+动词过去分词，排除A和D；主语是复数，be动词应使用are，排除C；此处使用含有情态动词的被动语态“should be allowed”表示“应该被允许”。故选B。 27．Sorry, your car can’t ________ in front of the hotel. A．put B．putting C．be put D．be putting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：抱歉，您的车不能停放在酒店门前。 考查被动语态。主语your car是被停放的对象，所以此处需用被动语态，C选项正确。故选C。 28. —Excuse me. When can we play badminton at the court? —Not until next week. The court needs ________. A．repairs B．to repair C．to repairing D．to be repaired 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，我们什么时候可以在球场打羽毛球？——直到下周。这个球场需要被修理。 考查动词不定式与被动语态。根据句子结构可知，主语“The court”（球场）是动作“repair”（修理）的承受者，因此这里要用被动语态，表示“球场需要被修理”。need作实义动词时，后接动词不定式的被动结构“to be done”来表示被动意义，即“need to be repaired”。故选D。 29.Silk ________ more comfortable than cotton. A．feels B．felt C．is feeling D．is felt 【答案】A 【详解】句意：丝绸比棉摸起来舒服。 考查感官系动词。feel为感官系动词，用主动形式表达被动含义，因此排除D项。句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，因此排除C项。主语是第三人称单数，动词用单三形式，故选A。 30. East or west, Guilin landscape is the best. So Guilin is worth ________ many times. A．to be visited B．to visit C．visiting D．to visiting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：无论东西，桂林山水甲天下。因此，桂林值得多次游览。 考查形容词短语。be worth doing“值得做某事”，此处doing是主动表被动。故选C。 二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。 1．My brother Tom often (fix) the broken things around his house. 【答案】fixes 【详解】句意：我的哥哥汤姆经常修理他家周围坏了的东西。fix意为“修理”，是动词。根据“often”可知，此处描述习惯性、经常性发生的动作，时态为一般现在时。主语“My brother Tom”是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式fixes。故填fixes。 2．The Earth (go) around the Sun. 【答案】goes 【详解】句意：地球绕着太阳转。句子描述的是“地球绕着太阳转”这一客观真理、永恒不变的自然现象，时态应用一般现在时，且主语“The Earth”为单数，谓语动词应用三单形式goes。故填goes。 3．Doing morning exercises and jogging (be) good for us. 【答案】are 【详解】句意：做早操和慢跑对我们有好处。根据“Doing morning exercises and jogging”可知，主语有两项活动，所以用复数。句子描述一个客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，且主语为复数，谓语动词用be的复数形式are。故填are。 4．David to the customer for the rotten peppers yesterday. (apology) 【答案】apologized 【详解】句意：大卫昨天就烂辣椒的事情向顾客道歉了。根据“yesterday”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词要用过去式；“apology”是名词，意为“道歉”，其动词形式是“apologize”，过去式为“apologized”；“apologize to sb.”表示“向某人道歉”。故填apologized。 5．I couldn’t believe that he (lie) to me about the homework yesterday. 【答案】lied 【详解】句意：我简直不敢相信他昨天在作业问题上对我撒了谎。根据“to me about the homework”可知此处指在作业问题上撒谎，故此处lie意为“撒谎”，根据“yesterday”可知动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，动词用过去式lied。故填lied。 6．She finally (realize) her dream of becoming a singer after years of hard work. 【答案】realized 【详解】句意：经过多年的努力，她最终实现了成为一名歌手的梦想。根据“after years of hard work”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，realize的过去式是realized。故填realized。 7．He (sweep) the floor carefully and then mopped it. 【答案】swept 【详解】句意：他仔细地扫了地，然后又拖了地。sweep“打扫、清扫”，根据“and then mopped it”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的动作，前后时态需保持一致，因此sweep也应用其过去式形式。sweep的过去式为不规则变化，即swept。故填swept。 8．My twin sister (practice) the piano next week. 【答案】is going to practice 【详解】句意：我的双胞胎妹妹下周将练习钢琴。practice“练习”，动词；根据“next week”可知，表达将来的情况，用一般将来时，可用“be going to do”结构；主语是“My twin sister”，be动词用is。故填is going to practice。 9.At the moment, most of the people in Beijing (sleep). 【答案】are sleeping 【详解】句意：此刻，北京的大多数人正在睡觉。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少谓语动词；sleep“睡觉”，动词，结合“At the moment”可知，句中时态为现在进行时，结构：be+动词现在分词，主语“most of the people in Beijing”为复数，be动词使用are，sleep的现在分词形式为sleeping。故填are sleeping。 10．Look! All the students (read) English poems (诗). Please take a photo for the parents. 【答案】are reading 【详解】句意：看！所有的学生都在读英语诗歌。给父母拍张照吧。read“阅读”，根据“Look!”可知，本句为现在进行时态，且主语为“All the students”，现在进行时结构为are reading。故填are reading。 11. He (not chat) with his friends on the Internet at 11:00 last night. 【答案】wasn’t chatting 【详解】句意：昨晚11点他没在网上和朋友们聊天。根据“at 11:00 last night”可知，句子应用过去进行时，其否定形式为“wasn’t/weren’t+现在分词”，主语“He”是第三人称单数，用“wasn’t chatting”。故填wasn’t chatting。 12．My sister (do) her homework when I came last night. 【答案】was doing 【详解】句意：昨晚我来的时候，我妹妹正在做她的家庭作业。根据“My sister…her homework when I came last night.”可知，此处描述过去某个时刻正在做的事情，应用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were doing”；主语是My sister，助动词用was。故填was doing。 13．Many road accidents can (avoid) if we all follow traffic rules. 【答案】be avoided 【详解】句意：如果我们都遵守交通规则，许多道路事故是可以避免的。avoid“避免”，road accidents和avoid之间是被动关系，情态动词can后接“be + 过去分词”构成被动语态，所以用be avoided。故填be avoided。 14．I (read) this English storybook twice, and I still think it’s very interesting. 【答案】have read 【详解】句意：这本英语故事书我已经读了两遍了，我仍然觉得它很有趣。根据“twice”可知，句子强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，要用现在完成时，主语I是第一人称单数，助动词用have，read的过去分词为read。故填have read。 15．My cousin (grow) two centimeters taller this summer vacation. 【答案】has grown 【详解】句意：这个暑假我表弟长高了两厘米。根据“My cousin ... two centimeters taller this summer vacation.”可知，这个暑假已经长高了两厘米了，是现在完成时have/has done，强调“长高”这个过去的动作对现在造成的结果。主语是“My cousin”，助动词用has，grow的过去分词是grown。故填has grown。 16．Please tell Li Jun about it if he (come) back. 【答案】comes 【详解】句意：如果李俊回来，请告诉他这件事。if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来；主语he是第三人称单数，come用三单形式comes。故填comes。 17.Fresh vegetables (sell) in this shop every morning to make sure local people can buy healthy food. 【答案】are sold 【详解】句意：这家店每天早上都售卖新鲜蔬菜，以确保当地人能买到健康的食物。主语“Fresh vegetables”与“sell”之间是被动关系，即“蔬菜被售卖”，需用被动语态“be+过去分词”。由“every morning”可知，句子描述习惯性动作，需用一般现在时，主语“Fresh vegetables”是复数，因此be动词用“are”；“sell”的过去分词是“sold”。故填are sold。 18. The meetings (hold) every Wednesday at 3 PM. 【答案】are held 【详解】句意：会议每周三下午3点举行。根据“every Wednesday”可知，句子描述的是规律性、习惯性的动作，因此使用一般现在时；主语“The meetings”与动词“hold”之间是被动关系，表示“会议被举行”，因此使用被动语态，其结构为“be+过去分词”；主语“The meetings”是复数，be动词用are，hold的过去分词是held。故填are held。 19. Two more methods (suggest) to work out the problem, but neither of them was practical. 【答案】were suggested 【详解】句意：有人提出了另外两种方法来解决这个问题，但这两种方法都不实用。分析句子结构可知，“Two more methods”与“suggest”为被动关系，用被动语态(be done)，根据“but neither of them was practical”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，用were suggested。故填were suggested。 20.Taiwan (hit) by two typhoons this year. 【答案】was hit 【详解】句意：台湾今年遭受了两次台风的袭击。根据“Taiwan…by two typhoons”可知，“Taiwan”与“hit”是被动关系，两次台风发生在过去，因此填一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词填was。故填was hit。 21．As an old saying goes, “Nothing can (achieve) without perseverance.” 【答案】be achieved 【详解】句意：俗话说：“无毅力一事无成。”根据“Nothing can...without perseverance.”可知，Nothing和achieve之间为被动关系，表示“没有什么事情能够被取得”，被动结构为be+done，achieve的过去分词为achieved，情态动词后接动词原形。故填be achieved。 22.The bank was (steal) by some thieves at midnight. 【答案】stolen 【详解】句意：银行在半夜被几个小偷行窃了。根据“The bank was...by some thieves at midnight.”可知，银行被行窃了，句子应使用被动语态，其结构为be done，steal的过去分词为stolen。故填stolen。 23. Don’t be worried so much, all these problems (deal) with soon. 【答案】will be dealt 【详解】句意：不要太担心，这些问题很快就会得到解决。根据句中“soon”可知，该句时态为一般将来时；又根据分析句子，结合所给词可知，该句主语all these problems与动词deal之间构成被动语态，所以此处应该填入will be dealt，作谓语，表达这些问题很快就会得到解决。故填will be dealt。 24. The next Winter Olympic Games (hold) in Milan in 2026. 【答案】will be held 【详解】句意：下一届冬季奥运会将于2026年在米兰举行。主语The next Winter Olympic Games与hold之间是动宾关系，且根据“in 2026”可知，时态用一般将来时，因此空处是一般将来时的被动语态will be done，hold的过去分词是held。故填will be held。 25．In the past 200 years, more than half of all the trees on the Earth (destroy). 【答案】have been destroyed 【详解】句意：在过去200年里，地球上超过一半的树木被毁坏。根据“In the past 200 years”可知，是强调从过去持续至今的动作，需用现在完成时，且主语more than half of all the trees与destroy是动宾关系，因此用现在完成的被动语态have/has been done，主语是复数，助动词用have。故填have been destroyed。 三、完成句子 1.此外，文化节期间还上演了几部英文戏剧。 Besides, several English plays during the culture festival. 【答案】 were put on 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，put on“上演”，动词短语；主语“several English plays”与“put on”之间是被动关系，且句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were done”；主语是复数，助动词应用were，put的过去分词为put。故填were；put；on。 2.今天，我们的地理老师使我们初次了解了全球变暖的影响。 Today, our geography teacher us the effects of global warming. 【答案】 introduced to 【详解】根据中英文对照，空格处缺“使……初次了解”的表达，introduce sb. to sth.意为“使某人初次了解某事、向某人介绍某事”，是固定短语。由Today以及语境可知，句子描述的是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，introduce的过去式是introduced。故填introduced；to。 3.例如，每年都应该种植更多的树木。 For example, more trees each year. 【答案】 should be planted 【详解】根据汉语提示可知，空处缺少了“应该被种植”，should“应该”，情态动词后面加动词原形，plant“种植”，被动语态，结构为be done，plant的过去分词为planted。故填should；be；planted。 4．如果每个人都采取行动，世界将会变得更绿和更美丽。 If everybody , the world greener and more beautiful. 【答案】 takes action will be 【详解】take action“采取行动”，if条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，从句主语“everybody”，此处用三单形式；be“是”，构成系表结构。故填takes；action；will；be。 5. 为了改善身体健康，学校鼓励学生们参加不同种类的体育活动。 To improve students’ health, they join in different kinds of sports. 【答案】 are encouraged to 【详解】encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，是固定搭配，此处应用被动语态，句子时态为一般现在时，主语为“they”，应填are encouraged to。故填are；encouraged；to。 6.1926年3月，黄旭华出生于广东省的一个医生家庭里。 Huang Xuhua March, 1926 to a family of doctors in Guangdong province. 【答案】 was born in 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，出生： be born；月份前用in。句子时态是一般过去时，主语是单数，be动词用was。故填was；born；in。 7.下个月将在学校操场上举行一场讨论会。 A discussion on the playground next month. 【答案】 will be held 【详解】根据“next month”可知，该句是一般将来时，“A discussion”是被举行，此处应该用一般将来时的被动语态“will be done”，hold“举行”，应该改为过去分词。故填will；be；held。 8. 当暴风雨突然来临时，他们正在山顶上野餐。 They ______ ______ a picnic on the top of the mountain when the storm came suddenly. 【答案】 were having 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，“野餐” 表达为 “have a picnic”；句中 “when the storm came suddenly”（当暴风雨突然来临时）强调过去某个瞬间动作发生时，另一个持续性动作正在进行，需用过去进行时，结构为 “was/were + 现在分词”。主语 “They” 是复数，be 动词用 “were”，“have” 的现在分词为 “having”。故填 were； 9. 这位科学家自从 2010 年以来就一直在研究这个课题，还没有取得突破性进展。 The scientist ______ ______ on this project since 2010 and hasn't made a breakthrough yet. 【答案】 has worked 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，“研究” 用动词 “work”（work on 为固定搭配，意为 “从事；研究”）；句中 “since 2010”（自从 2010 年以来）是现在完成时的标志，强调动作从过去持续到现在，结构为 “have/has + 过去分词”。主语 “The scientist” 是第三人称单数，助动词用 “has”，“work” 的过去分词为 “worked”。故填 has；worked。 10.这些年，他们去过很多欧洲国家，比如法国、德国和意大利。 Over the years, they ______ ______ ______ many European countries, such as France, Germany and Italy. 【答案】 have been to 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，“去过” 用 “have been to”，强调过去到过某地的经历；主语 “they” 是复数，助动词用 “have”。故填 have；been；to。 一、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1—15题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Since my father moved from Harbin to live with us in the city, he had been much heavier than before. As time went by, his health got a bit 1 . So I had to take him to see a doctor. My father 2 to lose weight by doing exercise every day. He had no choice but to follow 3 the doctor said. I 4 him that I would exercise with him every morning. At first, he got up very early and ran with me in 5 neighborhood. I tried to run slowly 6 he could follow me. After running for 7 minutes, I told him the proper way of exercise and the importance of eating healthy food. He listened to me carefully. It made me 8 that he told me everything very patiently when I was a kid. 9 the second morning, I praised him for keeping 10 with me. But after two weeks, he wanted to give up running because he thought the 11 exercise didn’t work at all. To encourage him, I taught him 12 to use the facilities for exercise in the gym. He began to exercise again. With my help, it 13 him one month to develop a good habit of daily exercise. “Thank you, my dear son. Exercise brings health and 14 to me. I will never worry about my health.” His words touched my heart 15 . I felt happy to make a big difference to my father’s life. 1．A．bad B．badly C．worse D．worst 2．A．tells B．was told C．told D．telling 3．A．where B．which C．that D．what 4．A．told B．tell C．have told D．am telling 5．A．us B．we C．ours D．our 6．A．so B．so that C．that D．but 7．A．some B．little C．any D．few 8．A．to remember B．remembered C．remember D．remembering 9．A．For B．In C．On D．With 10．A．to run B．run C．ran D．running 11．A．two-week B．two week C．two-weeks D．two weeks 12．A．what B．how C．where D．when 13．A．cost B．spent C．took D．paid 14．A．happiness B．happy C．happily D．happier 15．A．deep B．deeper C．deepest D．deeply 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．C 10．D 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者的爸爸在作者的鼓励下努力地健身，爸爸的身体变得非常健康，两人都非常的开心。 1．句意：随着时间的推移，他的健康越来越差。 bad差的；badly差地；worse更差；worst最差。根据“As time went by, his health got a bit ”可知，身体变得越来越差，含有比较之意。故选C。 2．句意：我爸爸被要求每天锻炼来减肥。 tells动词三单；was told一般过去时的被动语态；told动词过去式；telling动名词。根据“My father… to lose weight”可知，此处是指爸爸被要求减肥，是被动语态，其结构为：be+过去分词。故选B。 3．句意：他别无选择，只能照着医生说的去做。 where哪里；which哪一个；that引导从句，无实际意义；what什么。动词follow后面是宾语从句，此空作动词said的宾语，用what引导宾语从句。故选D。 4．句意：我告诉她，我每天早上都和他一起锻炼。 told动词过去式；tell动词原形；have told现在完成时；am telling现在进行时。整段用的都是一般过去时，此句也用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选A。 5．句意：第一天早上，他起得很早，和我一起在我们的社区跑步。 us我们，宾格；we我们，主格；ours我们的，名词性物主代词；our我们的，形容词性物主代词。此空修饰名词neighborhood，需用形容词性物主代词。故选D。 6．句意：我试着慢跑，以便他能跟上我。 so因此；so that以便于，引导目的状语从句；that引导从句，无实际意义；but但是。根据“I tried to run slowly...he could follow me.”可知，跑得慢的目的是：他可以跟上我，so that引导目的状语从句。故选B。 7．句意：跑了几分钟后，我告诉他正确的锻炼方式和健康饮食的重要性。 some一些，多用于肯定句；little很少，修饰不可数名词；any一些，用于否定句和疑问句；few很少，修饰可数名词。根据“After running for...minutes”可知，此处是指跑了几分钟后，句子是肯定句，用“some”修饰。故选A。 8．句意：这让我想起我小时候，他非常耐心地告诉我一切。 to remember动词不定式；remembered动词过去式；remember动词原形；remembering动名词。根据“It made me...”可知，此处考查固定结构make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”，故选C。 9．句意：第二天早上，我称赞他坚持和我一起跑步。 For后接一段时间；In后加某年某月某季节；On后加具体到某一天或具体某一天的早晨、下午和晚上；With和。根据“...the second morning”可知，此处是指具体某一天的早上，用介词on。故选C。 10．句意：第二天早上，我称赞他坚持和我一起跑步。 to run动词不定式；run原形；ran过去式；running动名词。keep doing sth.“坚持做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选D。 11．句意：但两周后，他想放弃跑步，因为他认为这两周的锻炼根本不起作用。 two-week两周的，作定语；two week错误表达，week应用复数形式；two-weeks错误表达；two weeks两周。此空修饰名词exercise，应填two-week。故选A。 12．句意：为了鼓励他，我教他如何使用健身房的设施进行锻炼。 what什么；how如何；where哪里；when什么时间。根据“I taught him…to use the facilities for exercise in the gym”可知，此处是指作者教爸爸如何用健身器材。故选B。 13．句意：在我的帮助下，他花了一个月的时间养成了每天锻炼的好习惯。 cost花费，物作主语；spent花费，人作主语；took花费，物作主语；paid支付，人作主语。固定句式：It takes/took sb+一段时间+to do sth。故选C。 14．句意：运动给我带来健康和快乐。 happiness开心，名词；happy开心的，形容词；happily开心地，副词；happier更开心的。此空与health是并列关系，所以此空也填名词。故选A。 15．句意：他的话深深地触动了我的心。 deep深深的，原形；deeper更深的，比较级；deepest最深的，最高级；deeply深深地，副词。此空修饰动词“touched”，需用副词修饰动词。故选D。 二、语法填空 None expected that Baduanjin would become popular among young Chinese people. In the past couple of years, 1 online teaching video Baduanjin, a form of Qigong, has been played for more than 10 million times. “I have been doing Baduanjin for about four months. It helps me sleep 2 (well) and get stronger. I like Baduanjin very much because it gives me a much healthier lifestyle,” a young man shared. Baduanjin was 3 (one) created over 800 years ago during the Song Dynasty. It’s one of the oldest health and fitness practices in China. Its name 4 (make) up of two parts, namely “baduan” and “jin”. The first part refers to (涉及) eight different movements. And the second part refers to the stretch (舒展) and smoothness of the movements. Compared to sports such as ball games or swimming, Baduanjin is slow and usually played with gentle music, so it used to be considered 5 a sport for the elders. 6 (gradual), however, many young people have realized the benefits (益处) of the sport. It helps kill 7 (they) neck and back pain after long working hours while not requiring much effort, time and space. Sun Yuxuan, a college student studying martial (武术的) arts, has also noticed the rising 8 (popular) of Baduanjin. The 21-year-old girl has been teaching other students 9 (practice) for over three years. They started with 20 members in 2019 and the group has 45 members now. Every member in the group is very active. “I didn’t expect that it could attract (吸引) so many young people. I guess that’s 10 they receive real benefits from the sport,” she said. 【答案】 1．an 2．better 3．first 4．is made 5．as 6．Gradually 7．their 8．popularity 9．to practice 10．because 【导语】本文主要讲了八段锦受到了中国年轻人的欢迎以及介绍了它的特点及作用。 1．句意：在过去的几年中，一个关于八段锦的在线教学视频——一种气功形式——已经被播放了超过1000万次。根据“... online teaching video Baduanjin, a form of Qigong, has been played for more than 10 million times.”可知，此处是泛指一段视频在网上播放，需用不定冠词修饰名词短语online teaching video，online以元音音素开头，所以用an。故填an。 2．句意：它帮助我睡得更好，变得更强壮。根据“It helps me sleep ... and get stronger.”可知，and并列相同类型的短语，get stronger表示相较之前变得更强，因此需用副词well的比较级better修饰动词sleep，表示睡眠质量比之前更好。故填better。 3．句意：八段锦最初是在800多年前的宋朝创造的。根据“Baduanjin was ... created over 800 years ago during the Song Dynasty.”可知，此处修饰动词created表示“最初，首次”，需用副词，one的序数词first作副词时，意为“最初，首次”，符合语境。故填first。 4．句意：它的名字由两部分组成，即“八段”和“锦”。be made up of意为“由……组成”，固定短语，句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语Its name为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is made。 5．句意：与球类运动或游泳等运动相比，八段锦动作缓慢，通常伴随着轻柔的音乐，因此过去被认为是一项适合老年人的运动。be considered as意为“被认为是”，固定短语。故填as。 6．句意：然而，逐渐地，许多年轻人意识到了这项运动的好处。根据“... however, many young people have realized the benefits (益处) of the sport.”可知，此处需用副词修饰整个句子，表示事情“逐渐”地发生，gradual“逐渐的，逐步的”，形容词，其副词形式为gradually，句首字母大写。故填Gradually。 7．句意：它有助于消除长时间工作后的颈部和背部疼痛，而且不需要太多的精力、时间和空间。根据“It helps kill ... neck and back pain after long working hours ...”可知，空格处作定语修饰名词短语neck and back pain，需用形容词性物主代词，they“他们”，人称代词主格，其形容词性物主代词为their“他们的”。故填their。 8．句意：孙玉轩是一位学习武术的大学生，她也注意到了八段锦日益增长的流行度。根据“... has also noticed the rising ... of Baduanjin.”可知，此处需填入名词作noticed的宾语，popular“流行的”，形容词，其名词形式为popularity“流行”。故填popularity。 9．句意：这位21岁的女孩已经教其他学生练习八段锦超过三年了。teach sb. to do sth. 表示“教某人做某事”，固定搭配，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to practice。 10．句意：“我没想到它能吸引这么多的年轻人。我想那是因为他们从这项运动中获得了真正的益处，”她说。根据“I guess that’s ... they receive real benefits from the sport”可知，空格处缺少连词引导表语从句，空格之后的是原因，用连词because。故填because。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $