Unit 5 A fine balance that, which引导的定语从句（核心语法精练）英语新教材外研版九年级上册

Unit 5 A fine balance 核心语法精练 （that, which 引导的定语从句） 目录 二、考点夯基 1 二、单项选择 2 三、完成句子 9 四、句型转换 10 一、语法选择 11 二、短文填空 13 定语从句 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词（也叫关系词）。 定语从句的构成：先行词+关系词+定语从句 如：I know the girl who is sitting under the tree. ↓ ↓ ↓ 先行词 引导词 从句（定语从句） 2. 关系词的选用： 关系代词 指代 在定从中所作成分 例句 which 物 主语 宾语 Lucy likes music which is gentle.露西喜欢柔和的音乐。 that 人、物 主语 宾语 Lucy likes music that is gentle.露西喜欢柔和的音乐。 The girl that has long hair is his sister. 留长发的女孩子是他姐姐。 who 人 主语 宾语 The girl who has long hair is his sister.留长发的女孩子是他姐姐。 whom 人 宾语 He is the student that/who/whom I like best.他是我最喜欢的学生 whose 人的，物的 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. 我喜欢那些话题是历史的书 3、关系词的省略： 关系代词that/who/which/whom在定从中作宾语时可省略，作主语时不能省略 如：The cartoons (that/which)I like have lots of jokes. 我喜欢的卡通有很多笑话。 The film (that/which) we saw last night is interesting. 我们昨天看的电影非常有趣。 4.关系代词只能用that的情况 (1)当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that 如: My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things that they couldn’t remember. (2)当先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none 等不定代词时，关系代词只能用that. 如: Say all that you know/ Is there anything that I can do for you? (3)当先行词有the one, the very, the only, the same 等修饰词时，关系代词只能用that,不能用which(指人时可以用who). 如：That’s the only thing that I can do now. /These are the very(adj.恰好的) words that he used. (4)当先行词被序数词、最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that. 如：This is the first play that I have seen since I came here. This is the best novel that I have read. (5)当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句时，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that. 如：Which is the machine that we used last Sunday? 5. 关系代词只能用which的情况 (1)先行词有指示代词（that/this/these/those）修饰 如：I am reading that book which you read yesterday. 我在看你昨天看的那本书 (2)引导词前有介词 如：The school campus in which we study every day is beautiful. 我们学习的校园很漂亮。 一、单项选择 1．People ________ love literature can learn a lot about history from old novels. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 2．The hero ________ many young people look up to should have good qualities. A．which B．where C．who D．what 3．The scientist ________ first put forward the theory of relativity was Albert Einstein. A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 4．This is the novel ________ was written by Mark Twain. A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 5．The girl is the only one in our group ________ has won the national prize. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 6．All ________ we can do is to protect the natural balance. A．that B．which C．who D．whose 7．The forests and people ________ we protect make a fine balance. A．that B．which C．who D．what 8．This is the most moving story ________ I have ever read. A．which B．who C．that D．what 9．There are many inventions ________ make our daily life more convenient. A．who B．whom C．which D．/ 10．The stories ________ Mark Twain wrote are full of fun. A．who B．whom C．that D．whose 11．This is the trouble ________ most teenagers meet in their lives. A．who B．whom C．which D．what 12．This is the only chance ________ we have to save the wetland. A．which B．who C．that D．when 13．The girl ________ is under much pressure needs our help. A．which B．who C．what D．whose 14．Few things ________ we do can change the earth little by little. A．which B．that C．who D．where 15．The animals ________ live in this ecosystem are very special. A．who B．that C．what D．where 16．Lu Xun is a great writer ________ many young people admire. A．which B．where C．that D．what 17．He is the only person ________ knows the secret. A．which B．that C．whom D．whose 18．The actress ________ played the leading role in the war film is very popular among young people. A．which B．whose C．whom D．who 19．It was the special painting skill ________ helped Huang Gongwang create his great masterpiece. A．what B．that C．who D．whose 20．The play ________ we watched last week was written by Cao Yu. A．who B．which C．what D．where 21．—Do you know the boy ________ we met in the cave last summer? —Sure. He is my cousin. A．which B．that C．what D．where 22．The book ________ I borrowed from the library is very interesting. A．who B．which C．what D．where 23．The book ________ is on the table is mine. A．who B．where C．which D．when 24．—Have you seen the man ________ is standing at the school gate? —Yes. He is Tom’s father. A．which B．whom C．who D．what 25．The documentary ________ tells old Chinese stories is very popular among students. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 26．There is nothing ________ is more important than environmental protection. A．which B．that C．who D．whose 27．The hero ________ Tom looked up to most was Robin Hood. A．which B．where C．that D．what 28．The first step ________ we should take is to reduce pollution. A．which B．that C．who D．where 29．I like books ________ can bring me courage and teach me about life. A．who B．whom C．that D．whose 30．This is the special telephone ________ Jane uses to talk with others. A．who B．what C．which D．where 二、完成句子 31．The tape is old. My father kept it for over thirty years. (合并句子，每空一词，使用that/which/who) The tape ________ ________ ________ for over thirty years by my father is old. 32．This is a new record. My cousin bought it in a downtown music shop. (合并句子，每空一词，使用that /which/who) This is the new record ________ ________ ________ ________ in a downtown music shop. 33．The show is really wonderful. We watched it last Friday night. (合并句子，每空一词，使用that/which/who) The show ________ ________ ________ last Friday night is really wonderful. 34．I prefer the music. It can cheer me up on bad days. (合并句子，每空一词，使用that/which/who) I prefer the music ________ ________ cheer me up on bad days. 35．The plants grow fast. They grow in wetland.（合并句子） The plants ________ ________ in wetland grow fast. 36．The action is useful. We take the action. (合并为定语从句) The action ________ ________ ________ is useful. 37．The volunteer is young. We met her yesterday. (合并定语从句) The volunteer ________ ________ ________ yesterday is young. 38．This is a CD．The CD has many traditional songs on it. This is a CD ________ ________ many traditional songs on it. 39．The piece is wonderful. He wrote the piece when he was young. The piece ________ ________ ________ when he was young is wonderful. 40．The boy is my classmate. He is playing the electric guitar. (合并句子，每空一词，使用that/which/who) The boy ________ ________ ________ ________ electric guitar is my classmate. 一、选词填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入that、which、who、whom、whose或where。 Nature is like a big family. All living things are members of this family. Animals and plants 1 live on the Earth depend on each other. For example, birds eat insects, and insects help flowers grow. The places 2 animals live are called habitats. When these habitats are destroyed, the animals 3 homes are taken away will have nowhere to go. Many people 4 care about nature are trying their best to protect wildlife. They set up nature reserves, plant more trees, and call on others to stop polluting the environment. The earth is the only home 5 we have. We should take good care of it. 二、短文填空 Nature is a wonderful system 1 keeps a fine balance for all living things. It 2 (be) made up of forests, rivers, animals and plants. All natural things play important roles in 3 (keep) our planet healthy. Human activity is the main factor 4 breaks natural balance. Cutting down trees and polluting water are 5 (harm) to ecosystems. Such behaviors have a bad influence 6 wildlife survival and lead 7 more environmental problems. Now more people realize the importance of 8 (protect) nature. We should try our best to stop damaging the environment. Small green actions can help nature 9 (return) to a balanced state. Let’s work together to build a greener and 10 (safe) world. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 A fine balance 核心语法精练 （that, which 引导的定语从句） 目录 二、考点夯基 1 二、单项选择 2 三、完成句子 9 四、句型转换 10 一、语法选择 11 二、短文填空 13 定语从句 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词（也叫关系词）。 定语从句的构成：先行词+关系词+定语从句 如：I know the girl who is sitting under the tree. ↓ ↓ ↓ 先行词 引导词 从句（定语从句） 2. 关系词的选用： 关系代词 指代 在定从中所作成分 例句 which 物 主语 宾语 Lucy likes music which is gentle.露西喜欢柔和的音乐。 that 人、物 主语 宾语 Lucy likes music that is gentle.露西喜欢柔和的音乐。 The girl that has long hair is his sister. 留长发的女孩子是他姐姐。 who 人 主语 宾语 The girl who has long hair is his sister.留长发的女孩子是他姐姐。 whom 人 宾语 He is the student that/who/whom I like best.他是我最喜欢的学生 whose 人的，物的 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. 我喜欢那些话题是历史的书 3、关系词的省略： 关系代词that/who/which/whom在定从中作宾语时可省略，作主语时不能省略 如：The cartoons (that/which)I like have lots of jokes. 我喜欢的卡通有很多笑话。 The film (that/which) we saw last night is interesting. 我们昨天看的电影非常有趣。 4.关系代词只能用that的情况 (1)当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that 如: My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things that they couldn’t remember. (2)当先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none 等不定代词时，关系代词只能用that. 如: Say all that you know/ Is there anything that I can do for you? (3)当先行词有the one, the very, the only, the same 等修饰词时，关系代词只能用that,不能用which(指人时可以用who). 如：That’s the only thing that I can do now. /These are the very(adj.恰好的) words that he used. (4)当先行词被序数词、最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that. 如：This is the first play that I have seen since I came here. This is the best novel that I have read. (5)当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句时，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that. 如：Which is the machine that we used last Sunday? 5. 关系代词只能用which的情况 (1)先行词有指示代词（that/this/these/those）修饰 如：I am reading that book which you read yesterday. 我在看你昨天看的那本书 (2)引导词前有介词 如：The school campus in which we study every day is beautiful. 我们学习的校园很漂亮。 一、单项选择 1．People ________ love literature can learn a lot about history from old novels. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：热爱文学的人们可以从古老的小说中学到很多关于历史的知识。 who用于先行词为人，在从句中可作主语；which指代物；whom只能作宾语；whose表所属。句中先行词people指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，应填who。 2．The hero ________ many young people look up to should have good qualities. A．which B．where C．who D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：许多年轻人敬仰的英雄应当具备良好的品质。 which哪一个；where哪里；who谁；what什么。先行词the hero指人，定语从句“many young people look up to”缺少宾语，要用关系代词who指代人并在从句中作look up to的宾语。应填who。 3．The scientist ________ first put forward the theory of relativity was Albert Einstein. A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：最先提出相对论的科学家是阿尔伯特・爱因斯坦。 which关系代词，指代事物； whom指代人，但只能在从句中作宾语；whose表所属，意为“……的”。先行词是“the scientist”，指代人，定语从句缺少主语。 who指代人，在从句中作主语，符合要求。故选B。 4．This is the novel ________ was written by Mark Twain. A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这是马克·吐温写的那本小说。 which指代物；who指代人；whom指代人（宾格）；whose指代人的/物的，表示所属关系。空处引导定语从句，先行词是the novel，指物，且在从句中作主语，应用which引导。 5．The girl is the only one in our group ________ has won the national prize. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个女孩是我们组里唯一一个获得全国奖项的人。 who 谁（指人，作主语）；which哪个（指物）；whom谁（指人，作宾语）；whose谁的（指所属关系）。先行词“the only one”指代人，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用who。故选A。 6．All ________ we can do is to protect the natural balance. A．that B．which C．who D．whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们所能做的一切就是保护自然平衡。 that（关系代词，可指代人或事物）；which（关系代词，指代事物）；who（关系代词，指代人）；whose（关系代词，表示所属关系）。先行词All为不定代词，表示事物，定语从句缺少宾语，当先行词是all等不定代词时，只能用关系代词that。 7．The forests and people ________ we protect make a fine balance. A．that B．which C．who D．what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们所保护的森林和人类共同构成了一种良好的平衡。 这是一个定语从句。先行词是The forests and people，既包含物又包含人。在定语从句中，当先行词同时包含“人”和“物”时，关系代词只能用that，不能用which或who。what不能引导定语从句修饰前面的先行词。故选A。 8．This is the most moving story ________ I have ever read. A．which B．who C．that D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这是我曾经读过的最感人的故事。 which哪一个；who谁；that那个；what什么。先行词“story”表示事物，当先行词表示事物时，关系代词用which或that，排除选项B和D，先行词前有最高级“the most moving”修饰时，关系代词只能用that，不能用which，排除选项A。 9．There are many inventions ________ make our daily life more convenient. A．who B．whom C．which D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：有许多让我们的日常生活更加便利的发明。 who谁，先行词指人；whom谁，先行词指人，在从句中作宾语；which哪一个，先行词指物。空处引导定语从句，先行词inventions（发明）是事物，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，不能省略，所以用which。 10．The stories ________ Mark Twain wrote are full of fun. A．who B．whom C．that D．whose 【答案】C 【详解】句意：马克·吐温写的故事充满了乐趣。 who谁；whom谁；that那；whose谁的。先行词是“The stories”，指物，且在从句中作“wrote”的宾语，关系代词应用that或which。 11．This is the trouble ________ most teenagers meet in their lives. A．who B．whom C．which D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这是大多数青少年在生活中遇到的麻烦。 who谁（指人）；whom谁（指人）；which哪一个（指物）；what什么。分析句子可知，该句为定语从句，先行词是the trouble，指物，且关系词在从句中作meet的宾语，应用which或that引导定语从句，应填which。 12．This is the only chance ________ we have to save the wetland. A．which B．who C．that D．when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这是我们拯救湿地的唯一机会。 which引导定语从句时，先行词指物；who引导定语从句时，先行词指人；that引导定语从句时，先行词指人或物；when引导定语从句时，先行词指时间。“…we have…”是定语从句，修饰先行词the only chance。chance指物，且被the only修饰，关系代词用that。 13．The girl ________ is under much pressure needs our help. A．which B．who C．what D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：那个压力很大的女孩需要我们的帮助。 which哪个（指物）；who谁（指人）；what什么；whose谁的。根据“The girl…is under much pressure”可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是The girl，指人，且在从句中作主语，应用who引导定语从句。 14．Few things ________ we do can change the earth little by little. A．which B．that C．who D．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们所做的几乎没有几件事能够一点点改变地球。 which（关系代词，指代事物）；that（关系代词，可指代人或事物）；who谁；where在哪里。先行词Few things表示事物，并且被不定代词few修饰，定语从句缺少宾语，这种情况下只能用关系代词that。 15．The animals ________ live in this ecosystem are very special. A．who B．that C．what D．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：生活在这个生态系统里的动物十分特别。 who谁；that（关系代词，可指代人或事物）；what什么；where在哪里。先行词the animals表示事物，定语从句缺少主语，that可指代事物并在从句中充当主语。 16．Lu Xun is a great writer ________ many young people admire. A．which B．where C．that D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：鲁迅是一位许多年轻人都敬佩的伟大作家。 which哪一个，先行词为物；where哪里，关系副词，在从句中作地点状语；that关系代词，先行词指人或物；what不能引导定语从句。先行词writer指人，关系词在定语从句中作动词admire的宾语，用that引导。 17．He is the only person ________ knows the secret. A．which B．that C．whom D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他是唯一知道这个秘密的人。 which哪一个（指物）；that那个（指人或物）；whom谁（指人，作宾语）；whose谁的（表所属）。先行词person指人，被the only修饰，且从句中缺少主语，关系代词应用that。 18．The actress ________ played the leading role in the war film is very popular among young people. A．which B．whose C．whom D．who 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这部战争片中担任主角的女演员在年轻人中很受欢迎。 which关系代词，先行词为物；whose关系代词，表所属，谁的，作定语；whom关系代词，先行词是人，在从句中作宾语；who关系代词，先行词是人，在从句中作主语； 该定语从句的先行词actress指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，用who。 19．It was the special painting skill ________ helped Huang Gongwang create his great masterpiece. A．what B．that C．who D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：正是这种特殊的绘画技巧帮助黄公望创作了他的伟大杰作。 what什么；that那；who谁；whose谁的。强调句的基本结构是“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分”，去掉“It was...that/who...”后句子结构仍然完整。本句强调部分“the special painting skill”是物，引导词应用that。 20．The play ________ we watched last week was written by Cao Yu. A．who B．which C．what D．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们上周看的那部戏剧是由曹禺写的。 who谁；which哪一个；what什么；where哪里。先行词是“The play”，指物，且在定语从句中作watched的宾语，用which引导。 21．—Do you know the boy ________ we met in the cave last summer? —Sure. He is my cousin. A．which B．that C．what D．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你认识去年夏天我们在山洞里遇见的那个男孩吗？ ——当然。他是我的表弟。 which关系代词，指物；that关系代词，指人/物；what不能引导定语从句；where关系副词，在定语从句中作地点状语。先行词“the boy”指人，定语从句中“met”后面缺少宾语；that作为关系代词，可以指代人，在从句里作宾语。 22．The book ________ I borrowed from the library is very interesting. A．who B．which C．what D．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我从图书馆借来的那本书很有趣。 who谁；which哪一个；what什么；where哪里。先行词the book指物，定语从句“I borrowed from the library”缺少宾语，要用关系代词which指代物并在从句中作borrowed的宾语。应填which。 23．The book ________ is on the table is mine. A．who B．where C．which D．when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：桌子上的那本书是我的。 who谁（先行词指人）；where哪里（关系副词，作地点状语）；which哪一个（先行词指物）；when什么时候（关系副词，作时间状语）。结合语境，先行词the book是事物，用关系代词which，因此选C。 24．—Have you seen the man ________ is standing at the school gate? —Yes. He is Tom’s father. A．which B．whom C．who D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你看见正站在校门口的那个男人了吗？ ——看见了。他是汤姆的爸爸。 which指物；whom指人；who指人；what不引导定语从句。先行词“the man”指人，定语从句缺少主语。who是关系代词，指代人，在从句中作主语。whom只能作宾语。 25．The documentary ________ tells old Chinese stories is very popular among students. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这部讲述中国古老故事的纪录片在学生中很受欢迎。 who指代人；which指代物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom指代人，在定语从句中作宾语；whose作定语，表示所属关系。先行词是documentary，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，which符合语法。 26．There is nothing ________ is more important than environmental protection. A．which B．that C．who D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：没有什么比环境保护更重要了。 which引导定语从句时，先行词指物；that引导定语从句时，先行词指人或物；who引导定语从句时，先行词指人；whose引导定语从句时，先行词指人或物，在从句作定语。本句中先行词是不定代词“nothing”，且关系代词在从句中作主语，只能用that引导定语从句。 27．The hero ________ Tom looked up to most was Robin Hood. A．which B．where C．that D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：汤姆最崇拜的那个英雄是罗宾汉。 which指物；where指地点；that指人或物；what什么。先行词The hero指人，且在从句中作looked up to的宾语，关系代词应用who或that。选项中只有that符合，what不能引导定语从句。应填that。 28．The first step ________ we should take is to reduce pollution. A．which B．that C．who D．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们应该采取的第一步是减少污染。 which引导定语从句时，先行词指物；that引导定语从句时，先行词指人或物；who引导定语从句时，先行词指人；where引导定语从句时，先行词指地点。“…we should take”是定语从句，修饰先行词The first step。step指物，且被序数词The first修饰，关系代词只能用that。 29．I like books ________ can bring me courage and teach me about life. A．who B．whom C．that D．whose 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我喜欢那些能给我带来勇气并教我关于生活的书。 who谁；whom谁；that那/那些；whose谁的。先行词是books，指物，且在从句中作主语，应用that或which，选项中只有that符合。应填that。 30．This is the special telephone ________ Jane uses to talk with others. A．who B．what C．which D．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这就是简用来和别人通话的那部特殊电话。 句子主干是This is the special telephone，主句意思已经完整了，后面内容是对telephone做补充说明，因此该句为定语从句。从句中动词uses后缺少宾语，指代先行词“This is the special telephone”。which专门指代事物，可在定语从句中作宾语符合本句需求。who只能指代人，本句先行词是物。what不能引导定语从句。where是关系副词只能指代地点，不符合语境。故选C。 二、完成句子 31．The tape is old. My father kept it for over thirty years. (合并句子，每空一词，使用that/which/who) The tape ________ ________ ________ for over thirty years by my father is old. 【答案】 that/which was kept 【详解】句意：那盘磁带是旧的。我父亲保存了三十多年的。第一空需填关系代词指代先行词“The tape”（物），且在定语从句中作主语，用that或which；第二空用助动词was构成一般过去时被动语态（the tape was kept）；第三空填过去分词kept。合并后定语从句“that/which was kept...by my father”修饰“The tape”。 32．This is a new record. My cousin bought it in a downtown music shop. (合并句子，每空一词，使用that /which/who) This is the new record ________ ________ ________ ________ in a downtown music shop. 【答案】 that/which my cousin bought 【详解】句意：这是一张新唱片。我的堂兄在市中心的一家音像店买下了它。先行词the new record表示事物，可用关系代词that或者which引导定语从句，指代record在从句中作bought的宾语；从句部分还原为my cousin bought (it)，原句时态为一般过去时，动词用bought，应填that/which；my；cousin；bought。 33．The show is really wonderful. We watched it last Friday night. (合并句子，每空一词，使用that/which/who) The show ________ ________ ________ last Friday night is really wonderful. 【答案】 that/which we watched 【详解】句意：这场演出十分精彩。我们上周五晚上观看了它。先行词the show表示事物，可用关系代词that或者which引导定语从句，指代show在从句中作watched的宾语；从句还原为we watched (it)，原句时态为一般过去时，动词用watched，因此应填that/which；we；watched。 34．I prefer the music. It can cheer me up on bad days. (合并句子，每空一词，使用that/which/who) I prefer the music ________ ________ cheer me up on bad days. 【答案】 that/which can 【详解】句意：我更喜欢这种音乐。它能在糟糕的日子里让我振作起来。要求两句合并为含定语从句的复合句，关系代词指代先行词“the music” (物)，且在从句中作主语，应用that或which；后接情态动词“can”和动词原形“cheer”，故填that/which；can。 35．The plants grow fast. They grow in wetland.（合并句子） The plants ________ ________ in wetland grow fast. 【答案】 that/which grow 【详解】句意：这些植物生长得很快。它们生长在湿地中。合并句子可使用that/which引导定语从句，先行词plants表示事物，关系代词that/which在从句中作主语，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，谓语动词用grow，故填that/which；grow。 36．The action is useful. We take the action. (合并为定语从句) The action ________ ________ ________ is useful. 【答案】 that/which we take 【详解】句意：这个行动很有用。我们采取这个行动。原句为两个独立句子，第二句“We take the action”中的“the action”指代第一句的“The action”。按要求合并为定语从句，合并时，将第二句改为定语从句修饰“The action”，先行词“action”指物，且在定语从句中作宾语（take的宾语），关系代词可用that或which，从句置于先行词之后，主句谓语“is useful”置于句末。故填that/which；we；take。 37．The volunteer is young. We met her yesterday. (合并定语从句) The volunteer ________ ________ ________ yesterday is young. 【答案】 who/whom/that we met 【详解】句意：志愿者很年轻。我们昨天见过她。第一空：这里要把两个简单句合并成定语从句，主句主语是The volunteer，指人，因此先行词为人，从句原句为“We met her”，其中her指代The volunteer且在从句中作宾语，指代人且在从句中作宾语，关系词可填who，whom或that；定语从句需使用陈述语序（关系代词 + 主语 + 谓语），因此第二空填we，第三空填met。 38．This is a CD．The CD has many traditional songs on it. This is a CD ________ ________ many traditional songs on it. 【答案】 which/that has 【详解】句意：这是一张光盘。光盘上面有很多传统歌曲。先行词CD表示事物，可用关系代词which/that在从句中作主语，从句谓语动词用has，故填which/that；has。 39．The piece is wonderful. He wrote the piece when he was young. The piece ________ ________ ________ when he was young is wonderful. 【答案】 that/which he wrote 【详解】句意：这首曲子很棒。他年轻的时候创作了这首曲子。先行词“The piece”表示事物，关系代词用that/which；先行词作wrote的宾语；从句时态为一般过去时，wrote为write的过去式，故填that/which；he；wrote。 40．The boy is my classmate. He is playing the electric guitar. (合并句子，每空一词，使用that/which/who) The boy ________ ________ ________ ________ electric guitar is my classmate. 【答案】 who/that is playing the 【详解】句意：这个男孩是我的同班同学。他正在弹电吉他。先行词the boy表示人，可用关系代词who或者that引导定语从句，指代boy在从句中作主语；从句还原为he is playing the electric guitar，定冠词the不能省略，因此应填who/that；is；playing；the。 一、选词填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入that、which、who、whom、whose或where。 Nature is like a big family. All living things are members of this family. Animals and plants 1 live on the Earth depend on each other. For example, birds eat insects, and insects help flowers grow. The places 2 animals live are called habitats. When these habitats are destroyed, the animals 3 homes are taken away will have nowhere to go. Many people 4 care about nature are trying their best to protect wildlife. They set up nature reserves, plant more trees, and call on others to stop polluting the environment. The earth is the only home 5 we have. We should take good care of it. 【答案】1．that/which 2．where 3．whose 4．who/that 5．that 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了自然界万物相互依存，动物生存栖息地遭到破坏会使动物失去家园，最后呼吁大家爱护我们唯一的家园地球。 【详解】 1．句意：生存在地球上的动植物互相依存。先行词是Animals and plants。先行词为事物，从句缺主语，that和which均可指代动植物，且可以在从句中作主语。应填that/which。 2．句意：动物生活的地方被叫作栖息地。先行词是The places“地点”，定语从句“animals live”不缺主语、宾语，live是不及物动词，需要关系副词where在从句中充当地点状语，表示“在这些地方”。 3．句意：当栖息地被破坏，家园被夺走的动物将无处可去。先行词是the animals，关系词修饰后面名词homes，表示“动物的家园”，用whose，表所属关系“……的”。 4．句意：许多关心大自然的人们正尽全力保护野生动物。先行词Many people指人，定语从句缺少主语，可用who或者that指代人，在从句中作主语。应填who/that。 5．句意：地球是我们拥有的唯一家园。先行词home被the only修饰，且定语从句缺宾语，这种情况只能用that，不能用which。 二、短文填空 Nature is a wonderful system 1 keeps a fine balance for all living things. It 2 (be) made up of forests, rivers, animals and plants. All natural things play important roles in 3 (keep) our planet healthy. Human activity is the main factor 4 breaks natural balance. Cutting down trees and polluting water are 5 (harm) to ecosystems. Such behaviors have a bad influence 6 wildlife survival and lead 7 more environmental problems. Now more people realize the importance of 8 (protect) nature. We should try our best to stop damaging the environment. Small green actions can help nature 9 (return) to a balanced state. Let’s work together to build a greener and 10 (safe) world. 【答案】 1．which/that 2．is 3．keeping 4．which/that 5．harmful 6．on 7．to 8．protecting 9．return/to return 10．safer 【导语】本文说明了自然系统为生物保持精妙平衡的重要性，指出人类活动是破坏平衡的主要原因及其危害，并呼吁人们采取绿色行动保护自然、恢复平衡。 【详解】 1．句意：自然是一个奇妙的系统，它为所有生物保持着精妙的平衡。根据句子结构分析，空格前后都是完整的句子，此处需要一个关系代词引导定语从句，修饰先行词“system”。which/that可用于指代事物，在从句中作主语，符合题意。 2．句意：它由森林、河流、动物和植物组成。根据固定短语be made up of（由……组成），且主语“It”为第三人称单数，时态为一般现在时。be动词需用is。 3．句意：所有自然物在保持地球健康方面都扮演着重要角色。介词“in”后接动词的动名词形式，keep需变为keeping。play important roles in doing sth.意为“在做某事方面起重要作用”。 4．句意：人类活动是破坏自然平衡的主要因素。空格前后都是完整的句子，此处需要一个关系代词引导定语从句，修饰先行词“factor”。which/that用于指代事物，在从句中作主语，符合语境。 5．句意：砍伐树木和污染水源对生态系统有害。根据固定搭配be harmful to（对……有害）可知，此处需要harm的形容词形式harmful，作系动词“are”的表语。 6．句意：这些行为对野生动物生存造成不良影响。根据固定搭配have a bad influence on...（对……有不良影响）可知，此处需要介词on。 7．句意：并导致更多的环境问题。根据固定搭配lead to（导致，引起）可知，此处需要介词to。 8．句意：如今，越来越多的人意识到保护自然的重要性。介词“of”后接动词的动名词形式，protect需变为protecting。the importance of doing sth.意为“做某事的重要性”。 9．句意：小小的绿色行动可以帮助自然恢复平衡状态。根据固定搭配help sb./sth. do sth.（帮助某人/某物做某事）可知，此处可填动词原形或动词不定式，return意为“返回，恢复”，符合语境。 10．句意：让我们共同努力，建设一个更绿色、更安全的世界。根据“and”并列结构可知，此处需要形容词比较级与“greener”并列，修饰“world”。safe的比较级是safer，意为“更安全的”。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $