Unit 4 Heroes（重难词汇精练）英语新教材外研版九年级上册

**基本信息** 以"Heroes"主题为载体，构建"基础识记-语境应用-语篇综合"三阶词汇训练体系，系统提升语言能力与文化意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇基础练|单词/短语汉译英、词汇拓展|聚焦主题核心词汇（如fighter, survivor）及派生变形（如survive→survivor）|从孤立词汇到词形转换，夯实语言能力基础| |词汇语境练|25道选择、24道完成句子|依托英雄事迹语境考查词汇辨析（如deep/deeply）、短语搭配（如devote...to）|从单句应用到固定搭配，培养语境理解能力| |词汇语篇练|1篇完形、1篇短文填空|围绕吴孟超、袁隆平等英雄语篇，综合考查词汇在语篇中的准确运用|从语篇层面整合词汇，提升综合语言运用能力与文化意识|

Unit 4 Heroes 词汇专项过关 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 n. 舅婆；姑婆；姨婆；叔祖母；伯祖母 adv. 非常，深深地 n. 人 n. 主持人，主播 n. 斗士，奋斗者 v. 推荐 adv. 之后 n. (飞机) 副驾驶员 n. 足迹 n. 发动机，引擎 v. 明白；认识到 v. 陈述；说明 v. 能，可以 n. 做梦的人 adj. 温和的，温柔的 v. 采，摘 n. 可惜，遗憾 adj. 无数的，数不尽的 n. 战争 n. 东西，物 n. 战斗，战役 n. 实验 n. 令人震惊的事 n. 类型，种类 n. 生还者，幸存者 adj. 差的，不佳的 n. 温度，气温 n. 土壤，土地，泥土 v. 丧失，失去 v. 养活 n. 岗位 adj. 社会主义的 短语 黑白照片 稻田 很久以前 稻穗 根据:按照 继续前行 先为他人想 从早到晚 青少年时期 饱受饥饿 屈服:投降 努力工作 追随某人的足迹 解决这个问题 遍布中国 梦想；向往 以......的名字给......命名 说起来容易做起来难 谈起;说起 科学研究 满怀敬意 跌倒；受挫 永存;永驻 站起来；振作起来 离开,丢下 走遍中国 字里行间 实现梦想 为......献身 成功做成某事 履行职责 新品种的 养;育 贫瘠的土地 放弃 过世，离世 言传 延续；长存 身教 被铭记为 前线 【答案】 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 greataunt n. 舅婆；姑婆；姨婆；叔祖母；伯祖母 deeply adv. 非常，深深地 person n. 人 presenter n. 主持人，主播 fighter n. 斗士，奋斗者 recommend v. 推荐 later adv. 之后 copilot n. (飞机) 副驾驶员 footstep n. 足迹 engine n. 发动机，引擎 realise v. 明白；认识到 state v. 陈述；说明 could v. 能，可以 dreamer n. 做梦的人 gentle adj. 温和的，温柔的 pick v. 采，摘 pity n. 可惜，遗憾 countless adj. 无数的，数不尽的 war n. 战争 thing n. 东西，物 battle n. 战斗，战役 experiment n. 实验 shock n. 令人震惊的事 type n. 类型，种类 survivor n. 生还者，幸存者 poor adj. 差的，不佳的 temperature n. 温度，气温 soil n. 土壤，土地，泥土 lose v. 丧失，失去 feed v. 养活 post n. 岗位 socialist adj. 社会主义的 短语 black-and-white picture 黑白照片 rice fields 稻田 long before 很久以前 an ear of rice 稻穗 according to 根据:按照 move on 继续前行 think of others first 先为他人想 from morning to night 从早到晚 teenage years 青少年时期 suffer from hunger 饱受饥饿 give in 屈服:投降 work hard 努力工作 follow one's footsteps 追随某人的足迹 solve this problem 解决这个问题 across China 遍布中国 dream of 梦想；向往 name...after 以......的名字给......命名 easier said than done 说起来容易做起来难 speak of 谈起;说起 scientific research 科学研究 with great respect 满怀敬意 fall down 跌倒；受挫 live forever 永存;永驻 get up 站起来；振作起来 leave... behind 离开,丢下 travel around China 走遍中国 between the lines 字里行间 realise one's dream 实现梦想 give one's life for 为......献身 succeed in doing sth 成功做成某事 complete one's duty 履行职责 new types of 新品种的 bring up 养;育 poor soil 贫瘠的土地 give up 放弃 pass away 过世，离世 through one's words 言传 live on 延续；长存 through one's actions 身教 be remembered as 被铭记为 front line 前线 2、 词汇拓展（单词变形） 1.fight (v.) 斗争，打架→__________ (n.) 斗士，奋斗者 2. survive (v.) 存活→__________ (n.) 幸存者 3. deep (adj.) 深的 → __________(adv.) 深深地 4. present (v.) 展示；(n.)礼物→ __________(n.) 主持人，主播 5. dream(v.)梦想，做梦 → __________(n.) 做梦的人 6. count (v.) 数 → __________ (adj.) 无数的，数不尽的 7. social(adj.) 社会的→__________ (adj.) 社会主义的 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【答案】 1. fighter 2. survivor 3. deeply 4. presenter 5. dreamer 6. countless 7. socialist 1．All the doctors and nurses should be ________ with the ________ in hospital. A．patient, persons B．patient, peoples C．cheerful, persons D．cheerful, peoples 【答案】A 【详解】句意：所有的医生和护士都应该对住院病人有耐心。 考查形容词。patient耐心的；cheerful高兴的，person人；people人们，根据前面的“All the doctors and nurses should be”和固定搭配be patient with“对……有耐心”可知，应该是医生和护士对住院病人有耐心，排除C和D，people当“人们”时，是集合名词，单复数同形，排除B，故选A。 2．________ moved by what he had said, she sat there thinking ________ into the night. A．Deeply; deep B．Deep; deeply C．Deeply; deeply D．Deep; deep 【答案】A 【详解】句意：被他所说的话深深感动，她坐在那沉思到深夜。 考查副词辨析。deeply深深地，用于修饰抽象概念；deep深地，侧重描述具体的空间深度或时间上的 “深入” 。根据 “moved” 为抽象意义的 “感动” 可知第一空应用deeply修饰，而由 “think” 可知第二空强调深入思考，表示时间上的 “深入”，故选A。 3．I recommend this documentary _________ you, because it tells true stories of heroes. A．to B．for C．with D．on 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我向你推荐这部纪录片，因为它讲述了英雄的真实故事。 to向；for为了；with和……一起；on在……上面。固定搭配recommend sth. to sb.意为“向某人推荐某物”，后面需接介词to引出推荐的对象。 4．We followed the bear’s ________ in the snow and found its cave finally. A．voice B．footsteps C．shadow D．sign 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们跟着雪地里熊的脚印，终于找到了它的洞穴。 voice嗓音；footsteps脚印；shadow影子；sign标志。根据句中“in the snow”、“followed”和“found its cave finally”可知，在雪地里跟随熊的脚印找到洞穴，应填footsteps。 5．He is a true ________ who never gives up in the face of difficulties. A．fighter B．learner C．worker D．teacher 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他是一名真正的斗士，面对困难从不放弃。 fighter斗士；learner学习者；worker工人；teacher老师。句子中“who never gives up in the face of difficulties”用来修饰空格处名词，面对困难永不放弃对应的身份是斗士。 6．What a ________! You missed the wonderful school sports meeting. A．luck B．pity C．joy D．surprise 【答案】B 【详解】句意：多么遗憾啊！你错过了精彩的学校运动会。 luck运气；pity遗憾；joy喜悦；surprise惊喜。由“You missed the wonderful school sports meeting”可知，错过精彩的运动会是一件令人惋惜的事，What a pity为固定表达，意为“多么遗憾”，故选B。 7．Many visitors come to Anhui to see ________ Huangshan Mountain, which is famous for its beautiful views. A．natural B．modern C．ancient D．local 【答案】A 【详解】句意：许多游客来安徽看黄山的自然风景，它以美丽的景色而闻名。 natural自然的；modern现代的；ancient古代的；local当地的。根据“its beautiful views”及常识可知，黄山是自然景观，应填natural。 8．________ the old story, the dragon is a symbol of power and good luck in China. A．According to B．Thanks to C．Because of D．Instead of 【答案】A 【详解】句意：根据古老的传说，龙在中国是权力和好运的象征。 According to根据；Thanks to多亏；Because of因为；Instead of代替。根据“the old story（古老的传说）”可知，此处表达依据传说得来的观点，According to符合语境。 9．The old scientist ________ his whole life to studying space technology. A．spent B．took C．cost D．devoted 【答案】D 【详解】句意：那位老科学家把他的一生奉献给了太空技术研究。 spent花费；took花费；cost花费；devoted致力于，奉献。devote one’s life to doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“一生致力于做某事”，应填devoted。 10．My grandfather has been ______ for 5 months. His _______ made me very sad. A．dead; die B．dead; dead C．died; death D．dead; death 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我爷爷死了5个月了，他的死使我很伤心。根据for 5 months.可知用延续性动词be dead表示处于死的状态，die死，短暂性动词，不能和时间段连用，排除C；dead死的，形容词；death死，名词；根据His可知形容词物主代词，修饰名词；故选D 11．As a matter of fact, those who________ great loneliness in life don’t want others to know how much they________. A．suffered from; suffered from B．suffered; suffered from C．suffered; suffered D．suffered from; suffered 【答案】D 【详解】句意：事实上，那些在生活中饱受巨大孤独折磨的人不想让别人知道他们有多痛苦。 suffer from后接疾病、痛苦、负面情绪等名词，意为 “遭受（某种痛苦）”；suffer单独使用表示 “受苦、难受”，不及物，后面不接宾语。第一空后有名词 great loneliness，需用suffered from；第二空无后续宾语，只用suffered，应填suffered from; suffered。 12．Although Lei Feng has been dead for more than sixty years, his spirit still ________. A．grows up B．gives up C．hangs out D．lives on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：尽管雷锋已经离世六十多年，但他的精神依然长存。 grows up长大；gives up放弃；hangs out闲逛；lives on长存，延续。 根据让步状语从句可知，此处表达雷锋精神一直传承延续，lives on符合语境。 13．As we grow up, we slowly ________ that selfless people push society forward. A．realise B．state C．recommend D．burn 【答案】A 【详解】句意：随着我们逐渐长大，会慢慢意识到无私奉献的人们推动着社会不断向前发展。 realise意识到；state陈述；recommend推荐；burn燃烧。根据“As we grow up”可知随着成长逐渐明白道理，结合语境应填“意识到”。“realise”表示“意识到”，符合此句的语境。 14．Many ________ shared stories of the front line with local students yesterday afternoon. A．survivors B．temperatures C．experiments D．entries 【答案】A 【详解】句意：昨天下午许多幸存者和当地学生分享了前线的故事。 survivors幸存者；temperatures温度；experiments实验；entries条目。根据“shared stories of the front line”分享前线故事，主语应为幸存者，符合语境。 15．The school will ________ this lab building after the heroic scientist. A．leave behind B．name C．pass away D．pick 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这所学校将以这位英勇的科学家的名字来命名这座实验楼。 leave behind留下、把……抛在后面；name命名；pass away去世；pick挑选、采摘。根据句末关键词“after the heroic scientist”可知，此处表示“以……的名字命名”，固定搭配为name...after...。其他选项代入后无法与after构成符合语境的搭配。 16．Don’t ________ your dreams behind because of poor soil or limited lab tools. A．pass away B．lose C．leave D．count 【答案】C 【详解】句意：不要因为土壤贫瘠或实验工具有限就把你的梦想抛在身后。 pass away去世；lose失去；leave离开；count数数。leave...behind意为“把……甩在后面”，动词短语。其他选项均不能与behind构成符合句意的搭配。应填leave。 17．The TV ________ will ________ a book about countless scientific experiments. A．presenter; recommend B．co-pilot; state C．fighter; pick D．survivor; lose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：电视主持人将推荐一本关于无数科学实验的书。 presenter主持人；recommend推荐；co-pilot副驾驶；state陈述；fighter战士；pick挑选；survivor幸存者；lose丢失。根据“TV”可知第一空应填与电视职业相关的名词，presenter符合；根据“a book”可知第二空应填与书籍相关的动词，recommend符合语境。 18．The plane’s ________ stopped working, so the ________ helped land safely. A．engine; co-pilot B．soil; fighter C．temperature; dreamer D．battle; entry 【答案】A 【详解】句意：飞机的发动机停止运转，所以副驾驶员协助飞机安全降落。 engine; co-pilot发动机；副驾驶员；soil; fighter土壤；战士/战斗机；temperature; dreamer温度；空想家、追梦人；battle; entry战役；入口、通道。根据后半句“helped land safely (协助安全降落) ” 的航空场景可知，前一空需要填写飞机的相关部件“engine (发动机) ”，后一空填写航空从业人员“co‑pilot (副驾驶员)”。故填engine; co-pilot。 19．As a quiet ________, she picks wild plants to feed poor test soil samples. A．researcher B．survivor C．fighter D．presenter 【答案】A 【详解】句意：作为一个安静的研究者，她采集野生植物来滋养贫瘠的测试土壤样本。 researcher研究者；survivor幸存者；fighter战士；presenter主持人。根据“picks wild plants to feed poor test soil samples”可知，她在从事科研工作，应用researcher。 20．We carry out ________ research to improve all ________ of farmland. A．scientific; types B．heroic; fixed C．burning; loyal D．selfless; countless 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们开展科学研究来改善所有类型的农田。 scientific科学的；types种类；heroic英勇的；fixed固定的；burning燃烧的；loyal忠诚的；selfless无私的；countless无数的。根据“research to improve...farmland”可知，改善农田需要进行“科学的”研究，因此第一空填scientific。all后接可数名词复数，只有选项A的types符合要求，all types of表示“所有类型的”；其他选项第二空都是形容词，不符合语法搭配，故选A。 21．Her ________ voice helped calm the frightened child. A．gentle B．fair C．scary D．hidden 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她温柔的嗓音安抚了那个受惊的孩子。 gentle温柔的；fair公平的；scary恐怖的；hidden隐藏的。根据“helped calm the frightened child”可知，能够安抚受惊孩子的应是温柔的嗓音，因此选gentle。 22．—Did you hear about the terrible ________? —Yes. Many soldiers lost their lives in that ________. A．war; battle B．battle; war C．shock; pity D．experiment; research 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你听说那场可怕的战争了吗？——听说了。许多士兵在那场战役中丧生。 war战争；battle战役；shock震惊；pity遗憾；experiment实验；research研究。war指整体战争，battle指战争当中的一场战斗、战役。结合语境可知选A。 23．He ________ that he ________ do better if he kept trying. A．realised; could B．stated; lose C．recommended; feed D．shocked; leave 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他意识到，如果他继续努力，他可以做得更好。 realised意识到；could能；stated陈述；lose丢失；recommended推荐；feed喂；shocked使震惊；leave离开。选项BCD中的第二空，均为动词原形，不能和空后的动词原形do搭配，语法错误，排除B、C、D项；选项A中的could“能；会；可以”是情态动词can的过去式，其后接动词原形，句子是含有that引导的宾语从句的主从复合句，主句“He realised”是一般过去时，从句的could是一般过去式，时态搭配正确。 24．Every ________ should stick to their dreams and never give up easily. A．dreamer B．worker C．student D．speaker 【答案】A 【详解】句意：每个追梦者都应该坚持自己的梦想，永不轻易放弃。 dreamer追梦者；worker工人；student学生；speaker演讲者。根据后句“stick to their dreams”可知，坚持梦想的是“追梦者”，应填dreamer。 25．The young soldier fought ________in the battle and won great honor. A．softly B．bravely C．slowly D．quietly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这名年轻士兵在战斗中英勇作战，赢得了崇高的荣誉。 softly温柔地；bravely勇敢地；slowly缓慢地；quietly安静地。结合“in the battle and won great honor”可知，勇敢作战，才会赢得崇高荣誉，bravely符合句意。故选B。 二、完成句子 1. We should learn to ________ ________ ________ ________ (先为他人着想) in daily life. 【答案】think of others first 【详解】句意：日常生活中我们应该学会先为他人着想。think of others first 意为 “先为他人着想”；learn to 后接动词原形。 2. He formed many good habits in his ________ ________ (青少年时期). 【答案】teenage years 【详解】句意：他在青少年时期养成很多好习惯。teenage years 固定短语，表示 “青少年时期”。 3. No matter what difficulties we meet, we won’t ________ ________ (屈服；投降). 【答案】give in 【详解】句意：无论遇到什么困难，我们都不会屈服。give in 意为 “屈服；投降”；won’t 后接动词原形。 4. He wants to ________ ________ ________ ________ (追随某人的足迹) and become a doctor like his father. 【答案】follow his father’s footsteps 【详解】句意：他想要追随父亲的足迹，成为像父亲一样的医生。follow one’s footsteps “追随某人的足迹”，one’s 替换为 his father’s；want to 后接动词原形。 5. The new museum gets popular ________ ________ (遍布中国). 【答案】across China 【详解】句意：这座新博物馆遍布中国广受欢迎。across China 固定短语，意为 “遍布中国”。 6. When we ________ ________ (谈起；说起) our childhood, we feel very happy. 【答案】speak of 【详解】句意：当我们谈起我们的童年，我们感到十分开心。speak of 意为 “谈起，说起”；主语 we，一般现在时，动词用原形。 7. Everyone treats the old hero ________ ________ ________ (满怀敬意). 【答案】with great respect 【详解】句意：每个人都满怀敬意对待这位老英雄。with great respect 固定短语，在句中作状语，意为 “满怀敬意”。 8. Great heroes will ________ ________ (永存；永驻) in our hearts. 【答案】live forever 【详解】句意：伟大的英雄将永存我们心中。live forever 意为 “永存、永驻”；will 后接动词原形。 9. If you read ________ ________ ________ (字里行间), you will find the true meaning. 【答案】between the lines 【详解】句意：如果你读懂字里行间，你就会发现真正含义。between the lines 固定短语，意为 “字里行间”。 10. Many soldiers ________ ________ ________ (为…… 献身) our country in the war. 【答案】gave their life for 【详解】句意：战争中许多士兵为我们的国家献身。give one’s life for“为…… 献身”，描述过去发生的事用一般过去时；主语 many soldiers，one’s 替换为 their，give 过去式 gave。 11. As policemen, they try their best to ________ ________ (履行职责). 【答案】complete their duty 【详解】句意：作为警察，他们尽全力履行职责。complete one’s duty “履行职责”；one’s 替换为 their；try one’s best to 后接动词原形。 12. The kind woman ________ ________ (抚养；养育) three homeless kids. 【答案】brought up 【详解】句意：这位善良的女士抚养了三个无家可归的孩子。bring up“抚养、养育”，描述已经发生的事情，用一般过去时 brought up。 13. Don’t look back, just ________ ________ (继续前行). 【答案】move on 【详解】句意：不要回头，只管继续前行。move on 意为 “继续前行”；本句为祈使句，用动词原形。 14. He tried his best to ________ ________ ________ (解决这个问题). 【答案】solve this problem 【详解】句意：他尽最大努力解决这个问题。solve this problem 意为 “解决这个问题”；try one’s best to 后接动词原形。 15. Many young people ________ ________ (梦想) becoming great scientists. 【答案】dream of 【详解】句意：许多年轻人梦想成为伟大的科学家。dream of 意为 “梦想；向往”；主语 people 为复数，一般现在时动词用原形。 16. It is ________ ________ ________ ________ (说起来容易做起来难) to give up bad habits. 【答案】easier said than done 【详解】句意：改掉坏习惯说起来容易做起来难。easier said than done 固定习语，意为 “说起来容易做起来难”。 17. They do lots of ________ ________ (科学研究) on rice. 【答案】scientific research 【详解】句意：他们在水稻方面做大量科学研究。scientific research 意为 “科学研究”，research 为不可数名词。 18. When you ________ ________ (跌倒；受挫), don’t give up. 【答案】fall down 【详解】句意：当你受挫跌倒时，不要放弃。fall down 意为 “跌倒；受挫”；时间状语从句用一般现在时。 19. Work hard and you will ________ ________ ________ (实现梦想). 【答案】realise your dream 【详解】句意：努力奋斗，你将会实现梦想。realise one’s dream “实现梦想”，one’s 替换为 your；will 后接动词原形。 20. He ________ ________ ________ ________ (成功做成某事) developing new rice plants last year. 【答案】succeeded in doing sth 【详解】句意：去年他成功培育出新的水稻品种。succeed in doing sth 意为 “成功做成某事”；由 last year 可知用一般过去时。 21. They grow ________ ________ ________ (新品种的) rice in the fields. 【答案】new types of 【详解】句意：他们在田里种植新品种的水稻。new types of 固定短语，意为 “新品种的”。 22. The great scientist ________ ________ (过世，离世) at the age of 91. 【答案】passed away 【详解】句意：这位伟大的科学家 91 岁时与世长辞。pass away 意为 “过世，离世”；描述已经发生的事情用一般过去时。 23.His spirit will ________ ________ (延续；长存) in our hearts. 【答案】live on 【详解】句意：他的精神将在我们心中长存。live on 意为 “延续；长存”；will 后接动词原形。 24. Yuan Longping ________ ________ ________ (被铭记为) “the Father of Hybrid Rice”. 【答案】is remembered as 【详解】句意：袁隆平被铭记为 “杂交水稻之父”。be remembered as 意为 “被铭记为”；主语是单数，一般现在时 be 动词用 is。 一、完形填空 阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Dr. Wu Mengchao was a famous surgeon (外科医生) 1 saved thousands of lives. He was 2 in 1922 in Fujian Province. He became a doctor 3 he was very young. He was especially skilled at 4 liver operations. Dr. Wu worked very hard. He often 5 over 12 hours a day in the operating room. He never gave 6 on his patients, even when the situation was difficult. His 7 and skill made him a legend in the medical field. In 2005, he received the national highest science and technology award. However, he remained 8 and said, “I am just an ordinary doctor.” He continued to work until he was very old. Dr. Wu passed away in 2021, 9 his legacy lives on. He is remembered as a hero who 10 his life to helping others. His example continues to inspire young doctors. 1．A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 2．A．born B．lived C．died D．buried 3．A．before B．after C．when D．unless 4．A．doing B．performing C．making D．taking 5．A．slept B．rested C．worked D．played 6．A．in B．out C．up D．away 7．A．laziness B．patience C．carelessness D．curiosity 8．A．proud B．famous C．humble D．rich 9．A．so B．but C．because D．unless 10．A．gave B．borrowed C．lent D．wasted 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．C 7．B 8．C 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文介绍了著名外科医生吴孟超的生平事迹，涵盖其出生、职业生涯、工作态度及高尚品格，赞扬了他无私奉献的精神。 【详解】 1．句意：吴孟超医生是一位著名的外科医生，他拯救了成千上万人的生命。 此处为定语从句，先行词为surgeon，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，应选用who，表示“谁”，符合语境。which指物，whom作宾语，whose表示所属关系，均不符合语法要求。 2．句意：他于1922年出生在福建省。 此处介绍吴孟超的出生年份和地点，应选用born，表示“出生”，符合语境。lived表示“居住”，died表示“去世”，buried表示“埋葬”，均与语境不符。 3．句意：他在很小的时候就成为了一名医生。 此处表示当他很年轻的时候，应选用when，表示“当……时”，符合语境。before表示“在……之前”，after表示“在……之后”，unless表示“除非”，均不符合逻辑。 4．句意：他尤其擅长做肝脏手术。 此处表示进行、实施肝脏手术，应选用performing，表示“执行、实施”，符合语境。doing表示“做”过于宽泛，making表示“制作”，taking表示“拿取”，均不如performing恰当。 5．句意：他经常在手术室里每天工作超过12个小时。 根据前文“Dr. Wu worked very hard”可知，此处表示他长时间工作，应选用worked，表示“工作”，符合语境。slept表示“睡觉”，rested表示“休息”，played表示“玩耍”，均与努力工作的语境相悖。 6．句意：他从不放弃他的病人，即使情况很困难。 give up on是固定搭配，应选用up，表示“放弃”，符合语境。in表示“在……里”，out表示“出去”，away表示“离开”，均不符合此处搭配。 7．句意：他的耐心和技术使他成为医学领域的传奇人物。 此处与skill并列，应选用表示品质的正面名词，应选用patience，表示“耐心”，符合语境。laziness表示“懒惰”，carelessness表示“粗心”，curiosity表示“好奇心”，均不符合语境。 8．句意：然而，他仍然保持谦逊，并说：“我只是一名普通的医生。” 根据后文“I am just an ordinary doctor”可知，他非常谦虚，应选用humble，表示“谦逊的”，符合语境。proud表示“骄傲的”，famous表示“著名的”，rich表示“富有的”，均不符合普通医生的表述。 9．句意：吴医生于2021年去世，但他的精神遗产永存。 “吴医生去世”和“精神永存”之间存在转折关系，应选用but，表示“但是”，符合语境。so表示“所以”，because表示“因为”，unless表示“除非”，均不符合逻辑。 10．句意：他被人们铭记为一位为帮助他人而献出生命的英雄。 此处表示奉献生命，应选用gave，表示“奉献”，give one’s life to意为“把生命奉献给……”，符合语境。borrowed表示“借入”，lent表示“借出”，wasted表示“浪费”，均不符合语义。 二、短文填空 用所给词的适当形式填空。 Yuan Longping was a great Chinese scientist. He 1 (be) born in 1930. He spent his whole life 2 (research) hybrid rice. His work helped solve the food problem for millions of people around the world. In the 1960s, China 3 (face) a serious food shortage. Yuan Longping decided 4 (develop) a new kind of rice that could produce more food. He did thousands of 5 (experiment) and failed many times. But he 6 (never) gave up. Finally, in 1973, he 7 (success) in developing hybrid rice. This rice could produce 20% more than common rice. Yuan Longping 8 (call) the “Father of Hybrid Rice” by people all over the world. Yuan Longping passed away in 2021. But his spirit 9 (live) on. We should learn from him and do our best 10 (help) others. 【答案】 1．was 2．researching 3．faced 4．to develop 5．experiments 6．never 7．succeeded 8．was called 9．lives 10．to help 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了科学家袁隆平的生平、研究杂交水稻的事迹与精神。 【详解】 1．句意：他出生于1930年。be born固定搭配，意为“出生”，出生发生在过去，用一般过去时，主语he是第三人称单数，be动词用was。 2．句意：他花费毕生的时间研究杂交水稻。research意为“研究”，是动词，此处固定句型spend time (in) doing sth.，意为“花费多长时间做某事”，in可省略，所以，此处用research的动名词形式researching。 3．句意：在20世纪60年代，中国面临严重的粮食短缺。face意为“面临”，是动词，根据时间状语in the 1960s可知，句子是一般过去时，动词要用过去式，face的过去式faced。 4．句意：袁隆平决定培育一种能够产出更多粮食的新型水稻。develop意为“培育”，是动词，decide to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“决定做某事”，因此，此处用develop的不定式to develop作宾语。   5．句意：他做了成千上万次实验，失败了很多次。experiment意为“实验”，是可数名词，thousands of意为“成千上万的”，其后接可数名词复数，experiment的复数形式是experiments。 6．句意：但是他从不放弃。never意为“从不”，是副词，此处修饰动词短语gave up。 7．句意：终于在1973年，他成功研发出杂交水稻。success意为“成功”，是名词；本句缺少谓语动词，success的动词形式是succeed，意为“成功”，根据“in 1973”可知，句子为一般过去时，动词要用过去式，succeed的过去式是succeeded，succeed in doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“成功做某事”。 8．句意：袁隆平被全世界人民称为“杂交水稻之父”。call意为“称呼”，根据by people“被人们”可知，call和主语Yuan Longping之间是被动关系，句子用被动语态，“杂交水稻之父”的称号是过去获得的，句子是一般过去时的被动语态，其结构是“was/were +动词的过去分词”，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用was，call过去分词是called。 9．句意：但是他的精神永存。live on意为“继续存在”，live是动词，精神永存是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语spirit是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，live的第三人称单数形式是lives。 10．句意：我们应该向他学习，尽我们最大努力去帮助别人。help意为“帮助”，是动词，do one’s best to do sth.是固定短语，意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”，因此，此处用动词不定式to help，作目的状语。 $ Unit 4 Heroes 词汇专项过关 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 n. 舅婆；姑婆；姨婆；叔祖母；伯祖母 adv. 非常，深深地 n. 人 n. 主持人，主播 n. 斗士，奋斗者 v. 推荐 adv. 之后 n. (飞机) 副驾驶员 n. 足迹 n. 发动机，引擎 v. 明白；认识到 v. 陈述；说明 v. 能，可以 n. 做梦的人 adj. 温和的，温柔的 v. 采，摘 n. 可惜，遗憾 adj. 无数的，数不尽的 n. 战争 n. 东西，物 n. 战斗，战役 n. 实验 n. 令人震惊的事 n. 类型，种类 n. 生还者，幸存者 adj. 差的，不佳的 n. 温度，气温 n. 土壤，土地，泥土 v. 丧失，失去 v. 养活 n. 岗位 adj. 社会主义的 短语 黑白照片 稻田 很久以前 稻穗 根据:按照 继续前行 先为他人想 从早到晚 青少年时期 饱受饥饿 屈服:投降 努力工作 追随某人的足迹 解决这个问题 遍布中国 梦想；向往 以......的名字给......命名 说起来容易做起来难 谈起;说起 科学研究 满怀敬意 跌倒；受挫 永存;永驻 站起来；振作起来 离开,丢下 走遍中国 字里行间 实现梦想 为......献身 成功做成某事 履行职责 新品种的 养;育 贫瘠的土地 放弃 过世，离世 言传 延续；长存 身教 被铭记为 前线 2、 词汇拓展（单词变形） 1.fight (v.) 斗争，打架→__________ (n.) 斗士，奋斗者 2. survive (v.) 存活→__________ (n.) 幸存者 3. deep (adj.) 深的 → __________(adv.) 深深地 4. present (v.) 展示；(n.)礼物→ __________(n.) 主持人，主播 5. dream(v.)梦想，做梦 → __________(n.) 做梦的人 6. count (v.) 数 → __________ (adj.) 无数的，数不尽的 7. social(adj.) 社会的→__________ (adj.) 社会主义的 1．All the doctors and nurses should be ________ with the ________ in hospital. A．patient, persons B．patient, peoples C．cheerful, persons D．cheerful, peoples 2．________ moved by what he had said, she sat there thinking ________ into the night. A．Deeply; deep B．Deep; deeply C．Deeply; deeply D．Deep; deep 3．I recommend this documentary _________ you, because it tells true stories of heroes. A．to B．for C．with D．on 4．We followed the bear’s ________ in the snow and found its cave finally. A．voice B．footsteps C．shadow D．sign 5．He is a true ________ who never gives up in the face of difficulties. A．fighter B．learner C．worker D．teacher 6．What a ________! You missed the wonderful school sports meeting. A．luck B．pity C．joy D．surprise 7．Many visitors come to Anhui to see ________ Huangshan Mountain, which is famous for its beautiful views. A．natural B．modern C．ancient D．local 8．________ the old story, the dragon is a symbol of power and good luck in China. A．According to B．Thanks to C．Because of D．Instead of 9．The old scientist ________ his whole life to studying space technology. A．spent B．took C．cost D．devoted 10．My grandfather has been ______ for 5 months. His _______ made me very sad. A．dead; die B．dead; dead C．died; death D．dead; death 11．As a matter of fact, those who________ great loneliness in life don’t want others to know how much they________. A．suffered from; suffered from B．suffered; suffered from C．suffered; suffered D．suffered from; suffered 12．Although Lei Feng has been dead for more than sixty years, his spirit still ________. A．grows up B．gives up C．hangs out D．lives on 13．As we grow up, we slowly ________ that selfless people push society forward. A．realise B．state C．recommend D．burn 14．Many ________ shared stories of the front line with local students yesterday afternoon. A．survivors B．temperatures C．experiments D．entries 15．The school will ________ this lab building after the heroic scientist. A．leave behind B．name C．pass away D．pick 16．Don’t ________ your dreams behind because of poor soil or limited lab tools. A．pass away B．lose C．leave D．count 17．The TV ________ will ________ a book about countless scientific experiments. A．presenter; recommend B．co-pilot; state C．fighter; pick D．survivor; lose 18．The plane’s ________ stopped working, so the ________ helped land safely. A．engine; co-pilot B．soil; fighter C．temperature; dreamer D．battle; entry 19．As a quiet ________, she picks wild plants to feed poor test soil samples. A．researcher B．survivor C．fighter D．presenter 20．We carry out ________ research to improve all ________ of farmland. A．scientific; types B．heroic; fixed C．burning; loyal D．selfless; countless 21．Her ________ voice helped calm the frightened child. A．gentle B．fair C．scary D．hidden 22．—Did you hear about the terrible ________? —Yes. Many soldiers lost their lives in that ________. A．war; battle B．battle; war C．shock; pity D．experiment; research 23．He ________ that he ________ do better if he kept trying. A．realised; could B．stated; lose C．recommended; feed D．shocked; leave 24．Every ________ should stick to their dreams and never give up easily. A．dreamer B．worker C．student D．speaker 25．The young soldier fought ________in the battle and won great honor. A．softly B．bravely C．slowly D．quietly 二、完成句子 1. We should learn to ________ ________ ________ ________ (先为他人着想) in daily life. 2. He formed many good habits in his ________ ________ (青少年时期). 3. No matter what difficulties we meet, we won’t ________ ________ (屈服；投降). 4. He wants to ________ ________ ________ ________ (追随某人的足迹) and become a doctor like his father. 5. The new museum gets popular ________ ________ (遍布中国). 6. When we ________ ________ (谈起；说起) our childhood, we feel very happy. 7. Everyone treats the old hero ________ ________ ________ (满怀敬意). 8. Great heroes will ________ ________ (永存；永驻) in our hearts. 9. If you read ________ ________ ________ (字里行间), you will find the true meaning. 10. Many soldiers ________ ________ ________ (为…… 献身) our country in the war. 11. As policemen, they try their best to ________ ________ (履行职责). 12. The kind woman ________ ________ (抚养；养育) three homeless kids. 13. Don’t look back, just ________ ________ (继续前行). 14. He tried his best to ________ ________ ________ (解决这个问题). 15. Many young people ________ ________ (梦想) becoming great scientists. 16. It is ________ ________ ________ ________ (说起来容易做起来难) to give up bad habits. 17. They do lots of ________ ________ (科学研究) on rice. 18. When you ________ ________ (跌倒；受挫), don’t give up. 19. Work hard and you will ________ ________ ________ (实现梦想). 20. He ________ ________ ________ ________ (成功做成某事) developing new rice plants last year. 21. They grow ________ ________ ________ (新品种的) rice in the fields. 22. The great scientist ________ ________ (过世，离世) at the age of 91. 23.His spirit will ________ ________ (延续；长存) in our hearts. 24. Yuan Longping ________ ________ ________ (被铭记为) “the Father of Hybrid Rice”. 一、完形填空 阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Dr. Wu Mengchao was a famous surgeon (外科医生) 1 saved thousands of lives. He was 2 in 1922 in Fujian Province. He became a doctor 3 he was very young. He was especially skilled at 4 liver operations. Dr. Wu worked very hard. He often 5 over 12 hours a day in the operating room. He never gave 6 on his patients, even when the situation was difficult. His 7 and skill made him a legend in the medical field. In 2005, he received the national highest science and technology award. However, he remained 8 and said, “I am just an ordinary doctor.” He continued to work until he was very old. Dr. Wu passed away in 2021, 9 his legacy lives on. He is remembered as a hero who 10 his life to helping others. His example continues to inspire young doctors. 1．A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 2．A．born B．lived C．died D．buried 3．A．before B．after C．when D．unless 4．A．doing B．performing C．making D．taking 5．A．slept B．rested C．worked D．played 6．A．in B．out C．up D．away 7．A．laziness B．patience C．carelessness D．curiosity 8．A．proud B．famous C．humble D．rich 9．A．so B．but C．because D．unless 10．A．gave B．borrowed C．lent D．wasted 二、短文填空 用所给词的适当形式填空。 Yuan Longping was a great Chinese scientist. He 1 (be) born in 1930. He spent his whole life 2 (research) hybrid rice. His work helped solve the food problem for millions of people around the world. In the 1960s, China 3 (face) a serious food shortage. Yuan Longping decided 4 (develop) a new kind of rice that could produce more food. He did thousands of 5 (experiment) and failed many times. But he 6 (never) gave up. Finally, in 1973, he 7 (success) in developing hybrid rice. This rice could produce 20% more than common rice. Yuan Longping 8 (call) the “Father of Hybrid Rice” by people all over the world. Yuan Longping passed away in 2021. But his spirit 9 (live) on. We should learn from him and do our best 10 (help) others. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $