Unit 3 Environment Protection 背诵知识清单 2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

该高中英语知识清单围绕“环境保护”主题，系统梳理42个核心词汇及12个重难点词块。从词汇的词性转换、构词法和搭配入手，逐步深化至重难点词的用法解析与语境运用，构建从基础积累到综合应用的学习支架。 知识链路以“词汇基础—重难点突破—语境应用”为逻辑主线，通过构词规律分析、搭配示例和多样化习题（填空、翻译等），帮助学生建立环保主题词汇网络。注重语言能力（词汇运用）、思维品质（语境分析）和学习能力（策略掌握）的培养，习题贴近真实情境，提升知识迁移能力。

Unit 3 Environmental Protection Step 1 词汇梳理 1.graph  n. 图；图表；曲线图→ adj.详细的，生动的；绘画的；图形的，图示的graphic；2.emission n. 排放物；散发物；排放 →v. 发出，射出，散发emit→ emitted→ emitted→ emitting 3.melt vi. & vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化→adj.柔情似水的；感人的melting→adj.融化了的melted_ 【搭配】melting ice正融化的冰 4.seal n. 海豹；信物；印章v.封上;密封 【搭配】 seal cutting 篆刻 5.ecology n. 生态；生态学；构词：eco- (环境的、生态的) + -logy (……学) →adj.生态（学）的ecological→n. 生态学家ecologist 6.methane [ˈmiːθeɪn] n. _ 甲烷；沼气 7.carbon [ˈkɑːbən]:n. 碳 8.dioxide [daɪˈɒksaɪd]:  n.二氧化物【搭配】carbon dioxide(CO2): 二氧化碳 9.habitable [ˈhæbɪtəbl]:  adj.适合居住的 →n.（动植物的）生活环境；栖息地habitat_ 10.fossil [ˈfɒsl]:  n.化石 11.fuel n.  燃料；刺激性言行 . fossil fuel 化石燃料(如煤或石油) 12.comprehensive adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的→n.理解力；领悟力comprehension →v.理解；领悟comprehend 【搭配】 have no comprehension of…不明白 13.worldwide adv. 遍及全球地 adj. 世界各地的；影响全世界的 global adj.全球的; international adj.国际的; universal: adj.遍及世界的 14.frequently adv.频繁地→adj.频繁的；经常发生的frequent→n.频繁；频率；出现率frequency 15.broadcast vt. & vi.(broadcast, broadcast )播送；广播；传播n.广播节目；电视节目 ;【搭配】现场直播 broadcast live / a live broadcast 16.policy n. 政策；方针；原则→n.政治；政治事务politics→adj.政治的；政府的political 17.footprint  n. 足迹;(某物所占的)空间量；面积 18.restriction   n. 限制规定；限制法规；约束 19.basin n. 流域；盆地；盆 11.penguin  n. 企鹅 20.reform  vi. & vt. 改革；(使)改正；改造 n.改革；变革；改良 →n.改革者；改良者；改造者reformer→n.改革;变革reformation 【搭配】reform and opening-up 改革开放;social/political/medical reform 社会/政治/医疗改革 21.undergo vt. (underwent--undergone )经历；经受(变化、不快等) 22.implement  vt. 使生效；贯彻；执行→n.实施；执行implementation 23.harmonious adj. 和谐的 →n. 和谐harmony【搭配】与...协调/一致in harmony with 24.moderate adj. 适度的；中等的；温和的vi.& vt. 缓和；使适中→n.适度；适中；合理moderation 25.annual adj. 每年的；一年的n. 年刊；年鉴 ;daily; weekly; monthly adj.; adv.& n 26.tropical adj.热带的；来自热带的 27.chaos n. 混乱；杂乱；紊乱→ adj. 混乱的chaotic_【搭配】处于混乱状态in chaos_ 28.nuclear adj.  原子能的；核能的；原子核的 29.jungle n. (热带)丛林；密林 30.smog n. 烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物) = smoke+ fog foggy有雾的 misty 多雾的 31.originate vi. & vt. 起源；发源；创立→n.起源origin→adj.起初的，最早的，原创的original 【搭配】来源于originate from 32.garbage  n.垃圾；废物 同义词：waste, trash, rubbish, junk 33.enterprise  n. 公司；企业；事业_→entrepreneur n. 企业家_ 34.restore  vt. 恢复；使复原；修复→n.restoration 【搭配】使……恢复原处/原位restore sb/sth to sth; 把……归还原主restore sth to sb 35.dozen  n. (一)打；十二个 dozens of:许多 (后跟可数名词复数) 36.regulation  n.   章程；规章制度_→v.管理，调节regulate 37.disposal n. 去掉；清除；处理_→v. dispose 38.inspection  n. 检查；查看；视察→vt.检查;视察inspect →n.检查员;检阅官inspector 39.fine   vt. 对……处以罚款n.罚款；罚金【搭配】罚某人一些钱 fine sb. some money 40.campaign n. 运动；战役 vi.& vt.  参加运动；领导运动 【搭配】开展运动launch/run/conduct/carry out a campaign 41.waterway  n.  水道；航道 42.agenda  n. 议程表；议事日程 Step2 重难点 1.starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死_→starvation n.饥饿；挨饿；饿死 【搭配】渴望……；急需……starve for ； 饿死starve to death； 使某人(或事物)得不到所需要的starve sb./sth.of sth. ；饿死；死于饥饿die of/from starvation； 【运用】 (1)To our sorrow，the little girl selling matches starved _ to _death on a cold night. (2)Many people will face starvation_(starve) next year as a result of the drought. (3)To our shock，there are many children in some underdeveloped regions 令我们震惊的是，每年都有许多欠发达地区的孩子死于饥饿。 (4)令我们震惊的是，每年都有许多欠发达地区的孩子死于饥饿。 To our shock，there are many children in some underdeveloped regions dying of starvation every year. 2. release vt.& n．排放；释放；发布 构词：re- (back) + leas (loosen 松开) + -e，词源义和基本义为“放开” 【搭配】press releases 新闻稿 ； sign a release 签发释放令； release information透露消息 ；release a new film 发行新影片； release prisoners of war 释放战俘； release the creative powers of the people激发人民的创造性 release...from...把……从……释放，放出； on release在公映； 发行； 释放 【运用】 (1)The movie directed by Mr Feng will be_ on release on New Year’s Eve. (2)Soon after his father’s release from _prison，Dickens got a better job in a law office. (3)After the trainer was sure that the whale could look after itself，he released it to the sea(将其放回大海)． (4)I’m starving to buy her the latest album which was released last month. →I’m starving to buy her the latest album released last month.(过去分词作后置定语) 3. sustain  vt.  保持，维持=maintain; 遭受，经受=suffer; 支撑，承受=support →adj. 可持续的；合理利用的sustainable→n.可持续性 sustainability 构词：sus- (= sub-, up from below 从下往上) + tain (to hold)→在下面支撑→支撑 (基本义) 【搭配】sustainable development可持续发展；sustainable economic growth可持续的经济增长 【运用】 (1)The new teacher found it difficult to sustain (sustain ) the children' interest in class. (2)When you're shopping for wood benches or tables, make sure they are certified as sustainable (sustain). （certify v.证明 certificate n.证明） (3)The soil oil boil in this part of the world is not rich enough to sustain (sustain) a large population. 4.trend n. 趋势；趋向；动向→adj.时髦的；赶时髦的trendy;同义词：tendency n. →v. tend 词源解读：原指河流或海湾的拐弯，后引申词义趋势、潮流。 【搭配】引领…的潮流set the trend of doing sth; 随波逐流；顺应发展趋势：follow the trend; 不要随波逐流，要跟随自己的内心：Don’t follow the trend; follow your heart. 【运用】写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 (1) The trend at the moment is towards a more natural and less made-up look. 潮流 (2)In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses has changed the warming trend locally. 趋势 (3)译：为了保护地球，我们必须引领潮流关注环境。(set the trend of doing sth) To protect the planet / earth, we must set the trend of caring for the environment.. (4)译：高校有时会改变教育策略，顺应发展趋势。(follow the trend) The universities sometimes change educational strategies and follow the trend of the development. 5.restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚→ n．限制规定；限制法规；约束restriction →adj.有限的；受限制的restricted_→adj.限制性的；约束性的restrictive 【搭配】把……限制在……restrict...to... 【运用】 (1)The number of club members is restricted to_ ten，so it is difficult to be admitted to the club. (2)Truck drivers at large are not in favor of the new speed restriction_(restrict) on the highway. (3)As a youngster，she might have found it too restrictive(restrict)，not creative enough. (4)The children should be restricted to watching TV for less than 30 minutes_ at a time. 孩子们每次看电视的时间应该被限制在30分钟以内。 6.seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制 【搭配】抓住某人的……seize sb.by the＋身体部位 ;抓住机会seize a chance/an opportunity; 抓住(可利用的事物)；突然对……大为关注seize on/upon ; 被(强烈的情感愿望等)影响be seized by; 【运用】 (1)I was about to fall off the cliff when my father reached out his strong hand and seized me by the arm. (2)What made his mother burn with anger was that he seized on/upon the rain as an excuse for missing school. (3)I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night，when fear seized me. 一天晚上，当我准备在杂货店付款买香蕉时，恐惧攫住了我。 (4)I will seize the precious opportunity to participate in the activity to enhance my overall ability. 我会抓住这次宝贵的机会参加活动，以提高自己的综合能力。 7.submit vt. & vi. 提交；呈递；屈服→submitted →submitted;构词：sub- (under) + mit (to send) →n.投降，屈服，提交submission→adj. 服从的；顺从的；恭顺的submissive 【搭配】顺从/服从/屈从某人/某事submit to sb/sth=give in to　 把……递交/提交/呈递给某人submit sth to sb 【运用】 (1)The general had to submit the agreement to the enemies. That is to say，he submitted (submit) to them. (2)We'll submit ourselves (us) to the court's judgement. (3) 译：请在截止日期前将报告交给我。Please submit your reports to me before the deadline. 8.on behalf of 代表(代替)某人=on sb’s behalf代表(代替)某人= representing 【搭配】为了某人；为了某人的利益 in behalf of sb / in sb’s behalf ; 代表；因为某人，为了某人 on behalf of sb / on sb’s behalf 【运用】 (1) Dear American guests, on behalf of（代表）our school, I would like to express our warm welcome to you. (2) I put up the proposal in your behalf/in behalf of you（为了你的利益）. (3) I thanked my parents for all their self-sacrifice on my behalf（为了我）. (4)译：我代表我的家人，向你们——我亲爱的老师和同学们致以最诚挚的感谢。 On behalf of my family，I extend my greatest gratitude to you—my dear teachers and classmates. 9.sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的→n.敏感；多愁善感；敏锐sensitivity→adj.不敏感的；反应迟钝的insensitive   构词：由 sense“感觉” + 形容词后缀 -ive 构成，其基本义为“敏感的” 【搭配】敏感皮肤 sensitive skin ；对光线敏感 be sensitive to light / light-sensitive 政治敏感问题 a politically sensitive issue；对……敏感的；对……体贴be sensitive to… 【运用】 1. A fish is a cold-blooded animal and very sensitive to water temperature. 敏感的 2. Teenagers are often very sensitive about their appearance. 敏感的 3. Her experiences make her sensitive to other people’s troubles. 善解人意的/体恤的 4. The fact that he gives you such sensitive documents suggests that you are still close friends. 机密 10.volume   n. 量；体积；(成套书籍中的)一卷；音量；响度 【运用】写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 (1)Up to now, I have read as far as the fifth chapter, the second volume of The War and Peace. 卷 (2) How do you measure the volume of a gas? 体积 __ (3) New roads are being built to cope with the increased volume of traffic. 交通量 (4) The domestic flight and passenger volume of Shanghai’s two airports have been restored to the same level as last year. 客流量 (5) Can you turn down the volume on the TV? 音量 __ 11.conservation n. 对(环境、文物等)保护；保持→v. 保护；节省conserve →n. (自然环境、野生动植物等)保护主义者conservationist→adj. 保守的conservative 【搭配】能量守恒(定律)conservation of energy ；保护区conservation area 环境保护 environmental conservation ；水资源的保护water conservation 【运用】(1)The government has realized the importance of farmland conservation (conserve). (2)It is quite important for us to conserve_ (conservation) our natural resources on the earth. (3)Mike is too conservative (conserve) to take such aggressive steps in his life. 12.tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许→n.容忍;允许tolerance→adj.可忍受的tolerable → adj.宽容的,容忍的tolerant 【搭配】忍耐做某事tolerate doing sth.; 容忍……be tolerant of 【运用】(1)We can’t tolerate people throwing(throw) garbage here and there，so we will launch a campaign to appeal to people to protect the environment. (2) She is very tolerant of people. There is no doubt that this is one of her strengths. (3) She is so serious that she has no tolerance_(tolerate) for jokes of any kind. (4) She won’t tolerate her son making the same mistakes in the physics test next time. 她不会容忍她儿子在下次的物理考试中犯同样的错误。 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $