Unit 4 Digital life.语法精讲精练2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

该初中英语单元复习讲义聚焦动词不定式作宾语补足语，通过分类表格系统梳理必须带to、省略to（“一感二听三让四看”10个动词）及help的特殊用法，用对比表格呈现主动省to与被动还原to的中考难点，构建清晰知识脉络。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，涵盖单选（如“make被动还原to”例题）、动词填空、句型转换，结合“口诀记忆+易错警示”方法，培养语言运用和逻辑思维能力。答案解析详细，助力不同层次学生掌握，为教师精准教学提供支持。

外研版 八上 Unit 4 Digital life.语法精讲精练 —— 动词不定式作宾语补足语 —— 使用说明 动词不定式作宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语「做什么」，基本结构为「动词 + 宾语 + (to) do sth.」。本讲系统梳理三类情况：必须带 to 的宾补、省略 to 的宾补（口诀「一感二听三让四看」共 10 个动词）和 help 后 to 可省可不省，并重点突破「主动省 to、被动还原 to」这一中考难点，配套三类分层练习，答案与解析统一附于文末。 第一讲 知识精讲 一、基本结构：动词 + 宾语 + 动词不定式 动词不定式作宾语补足语，位于宾语之后，补充说明宾语发出的动作或所处的状态。结构为「及物动词 + 宾语（sb./sth.）+ to do」。 Our teacher asked us to keep quiet in the library. 我们老师要求我们在图书馆保持安静。 Who taught the child to read and to write? 是谁教这个孩子读书写字的？ 常接「宾语 + to do」作宾补的动词 类别 动词 例句 要求、命令 ask, tell, order, require The policeman told us to wait. 想要、希望 want, would like, wish, expect I want you to try again. 邀请、允许、鼓励 invite, allow, encourage, permit She invited me to have dinner. 教、建议、警告 teach, advise, warn He taught me to swim. 其他 like, love, hate, prefer, get, leave, find, believe I'd prefer you to stay. 否定形式：动词 + 宾语 + not to do 否定的不定式作宾补时，否定词 not 要加在不定式符号 to 之前（not to do），不能加在 to 之后，也不能借助 don't。 The mother told her children not to make any noise because the father was sleeping. 母亲告诉孩子们不要吵闹，因为父亲正在睡觉。 The doctor warned him not to eat too much sugar. 医生警告他不要吃太多糖。 【易错警示】结构顺序：tell/ask/order/warn sb. not to do sth.；不能说 *tell sb. don't do，也不能说 *to not do（标准书面语中 not 置于 to 前）。 二、省略 to 的宾补：一感、二听、三让、四看 在 feel、hear、listen to、make、let、have、see、watch、notice、look at 这 10 个动词后，动词不定式作宾补时要省略 to（即用动词原形）。可用口诀记忆： 口诀 类别 动词 结构 一感 感觉 feel feel sb./sth. do 二听 听觉 hear, listen to hear sb. do 三让 使役 make, let, have make/let/have sb. do 四看 视觉 see, watch, notice, look at see/watch/notice sb. do Many people like to watch others play games. 很多人喜欢看别人比赛。（watch + 宾语 + 动词原形） She let us meet her at the station, but she didn't come. 她让我们去车站接她，但她没来。（let + 宾语 + 动词原形） The funny story made all of us laugh. 这个滑稽的故事把我们都逗笑了。 【注】口诀「一感二听三让四看，半个 help 帮中间」：help 后的 to 可省可不省（见下）。 感官动词后 do 与 doing 的区别 结构 含义 例句 see/hear/watch sb. do 看见/听见某人做了某事（动作全过程或经常发生） I saw him cross the road. 我看见他过了马路（全过程）。 see/hear/watch sb. doing 看见/听见某人正在做某事（动作正在进行、看到片段） I saw him crossing the road. 我看见他正在过马路。 I often hear her sing in the next room. 我经常听见她在隔壁唱歌。（经常、全过程，用原形 sing） I heard her singing when I passed by. 我经过时听见她正在唱歌。（正在进行，用 singing） 三、help 后 to 可省可不省 动词 help 后接动词不定式作宾补时，不定式符号 to 可以省略，也可以保留，意义相同：help sb. (to) do sth.。 Can you help me (to) carry the water? 你能帮我提水吗？ Good manners usually help people (to) get on well with each other. 良好的举止通常帮助人们彼此融洽相处。 A dictionary can help you (to) know the words' meanings better. 词典能帮助你更好地理解词义。 四、主动省 to，被动还原 to（中考难点） 在主动句中，see/hear/watch/make 等后作宾补的不定式省略 to；但句子变为被动语态时，to 必须还原（be seen/heard/made to do）。 主动（省 to） 被动（还原 to） I saw him enter the room. 我看见他进了房间。 He was seen to enter the room. 有人看见他进了房间。 The boss made them work all day. 老板让他们整天干活。 They were made to work all day. 他们被迫整天干活。 We heard her sing a song. 我们听见她唱了首歌。 She was heard to sing a song. 有人听见她唱了首歌。 【易错警示】① 使役动词 make 被动必须还原 to：be made to do；② let 一般不用于被动，被动意义常用 be allowed to do；③ have 表「使、让」时不用于被动语态。 五、典型例题精讲 【例1】Our teacher asked us ______ quiet in the reading room. A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. kept 【答案】B 【解析】ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事，带 to 的不定式作宾补，故选 B。 【例2】The mother told her children ______ any noise. A. not make B. not to make C. don't make D. to not make 【答案】B 【解析】否定宾补结构 tell sb. not to do，not 放在 to 前，故选 B。 【例3】The boy was made ______ the classroom after school yesterday. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 【答案】B 【解析】make 主动省 to（make sb. do），被动要还原 to（be made to do），故选 B。 【例4】When I walked past, I heard a girl ______ in the next room. A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sang 【答案】C 【解析】walked past 是一瞬间，听到的动作正在进行，hear sb. doing，故选 C。 【例5】Good habits can help us ______ healthy and happy. A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. A、B 均可 【答案】D 【解析】help sb. (to) do 中 to 可省可不省，keep 与 to keep 都正确，故选 D。 第二讲 综合演练 题型一 单项选择（每小题1分，共15分） 1. Our teacher asked us ______ quiet in the library. A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. kept 2. The mother told her children ______ any noise. A. not make B. not to make C. don't make D. to not make 3. Who taught the child ______? A. read and write B. to read and write C. reading and writing D. reads and writes 4. Many people like to watch others ______ games. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 5. She let us ______ her at the station, but she didn't come. A. meet B. to meet C. meeting D. met 6. The boss often makes the workers ______ ten hours a day. A. work B. to work C. working D. worked 7. I often hear her ______ English songs in the next room. A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings 8. I heard someone ______ for help when I passed the corner just now. A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried 9. The policeman told the boys ______ in the busy street. A. not play B. not to play C. don't play D. to not play 10. My parents expect me ______ into a good senior high school. A. get B. to get C. getting D. got 11. The students were made ______ the classroom after school. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 12. Please don't make him ______ if he doesn't want to. A. go B. to go C. going D. gone 13. I saw a man ______ into the house and ______ a bag out. A. break; take B. to break; to take C. breaking; taking D. broke; took 14. The teacher encouraged us ______ even harder. A. study B. to study C. studying D. studied 15. A balanced diet helps you ______ fit. A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. A or B 题型二 用括号内动词的适当形式填空（每小题1分，共14分） 1. Our teacher asked us ______ (keep) quiet in the library. 2. Mother told me ______ (not stay) out too late at night. 3. Who taught you ______ (ride) a bike? 4. I often watch them ______ (play) basketball after class. 5. Let me ______ (help) you with the heavy box. 6. The funny story made everyone ______ (laugh). 7. I saw a stranger ______ (enter) the building just now. 8. Can you help me ______ (carry) the suitcase upstairs? 9. The policeman warned the driver ______ (not drive) too fast. 10. We all expect you ______ (come) to the birthday party. 11. I heard someone ______ (cry) in the corner when I walked past. 12. Don't make your little brother ______ (cry). 13. The man was seen ______ (enter) the room at about ten. 14. The guide invited us ______ (visit) the science museum. 题型三 完成句子 / 句型转换（每小题2分，共10题） A. 根据汉语意思完成句子（1—5题，每空一词） 1. 我们老师要求我们在图书馆保持安静。 Our teacher asked us ______ ______ quiet in the library. 2. 母亲告诉她的孩子们不要吵闹。 The mother told her children ______ ______ ______ any noise. 3. 她让我们在车站接她。 She let us ______ ______ at the station. 4. 良好的举止帮助人们彼此融洽相处。 Good manners help people ______ ______ on well with each other. 5. 老板经常让工人们一天工作十个小时。 The boss often makes the workers ______ ten hours a day. B. 句型转换（6—10题，每空一词） 6. The teacher told us that we should finish the work on time.（改为简单句） The teacher told us ______ ______ the work on time. 7. He saw an old man cross the street.（改为被动语态） An old man was ______ ______ cross the street. 8. The boss made the workers work all day.（改为被动语态） The workers ______ ______ ______ work all day. 9. She said to me, "Don't open the window."（改为简单句） She told me ______ ______ ______ the window. 10. I saw him. He was running on the playground.（合并为一句） I saw ______ ______ on the playground. 答案与解析 题型一 单项选择 1. 【答案】B 【解析】ask sb. to do 带 to 宾补 2. 【答案】B 【解析】tell sb. not to do，not 置于 to 前 3. 【答案】B 【解析】teach sb. to do，并列不定式 to read and write 4. 【答案】A 【解析】watch sb. do 省 to，看比赛全过程用原形 5. 【答案】A 【解析】let sb. do 省 to 6. 【答案】A 【解析】make sb. do 省 to 7. 【答案】A 【解析】often 表经常、全过程，hear sb. do 用原形 8. 【答案】C 【解析】passed 瞬间，动作正在进行，hear sb. crying 9. 【答案】B 【解析】tell sb. not to do 否定宾补 10. 【答案】B 【解析】expect sb. to do 带 to 11. 【答案】B 【解析】被动还原 to，be made to do 12. 【答案】A 【解析】make sb. do 省 to 13. 【答案】A 【解析】see sb. do 全过程，并列两动作都用原形 break; take 14. 【答案】B 【解析】encourage sb. to do 带 to 15. 【答案】D 【解析】help sb. (to) do，to 可省可不省，keep/to keep 皆可 题型二 适当形式填空 1. 【答案】to keep 【解析】ask sb. to do 2. 【答案】not to stay 【解析】tell sb. not to do 3. 【答案】to ride 【解析】teach sb. to do 4. 【答案】play 【解析】watch sb. do 省 to 5. 【答案】help 【解析】let sb. do 省 to 6. 【答案】laugh 【解析】make sb. do 省 to 7. 【答案】enter 【解析】see sb. do 看见进入全过程，用原形 8. 【答案】(to) carry 【解析】help sb. (to) do，to 可省 9. 【答案】not to drive 【解析】warn sb. not to do 10. 【答案】to come 【解析】expect sb. to do 11. 【答案】crying 【解析】walked past 瞬间，正在哭用 crying 12. 【答案】cry 【解析】make sb. do 省 to 13. 【答案】to enter 【解析】被动还原 to，be seen to do 14. 【答案】to visit 【解析】invite sb. to do 题型三 完成句子 / 句型转换 1. 【答案】to keep 【解析】ask sb. to do 2. 【答案】not to make 【解析】tell sb. not to do，not 在 to 前 3. 【答案】meet her 【解析】let sb. do 省 to，meet 用原形 4. 【答案】(to) get 【解析】help sb. (to) do，get on well 融洽相处 5. 【答案】work 【解析】make sb. do 省 to 6. 【答案】to finish 【解析】that 从句简化为 tell sb. to do 7. 【答案】seen to 【解析】see 主动省 to，被动还原 to：was seen to 8. 【答案】were made to 【解析】make 被动还原 to，workers 复数 were made to 9. 【答案】not to open 【解析】祈使句否定转为 tell sb. not to do 10. 【答案】him running 【解析】两句合并为 see sb. doing，正在跑用 running 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $