Unit 4 Digital life-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册语法专项（外研版）

Unit 4 Digital life 语法专项 章 语法概览 ★动词不定式作宾语补足语 ★使役动词/感官动词后不定式作宾补时省略to的情况 语法精讲精练一 1.定义与核心结构 定义：动词不定式(o+动词原形)在句中跟在宾语之后，用来补充说明宾语“做什么” 或“是什么状态”，这种成分称为宾语补足语。 核心结构：主语+谓语动词(Vt)+宾语(Object)+动词不定式(todo/do) 核心考点：判断一个动词后是否接“宾语+不定式”结构，以及不定式是否省略o,是中考 的重点与难点。 2.动词不定式作宾补（四大核心考点） ①带to的不定式作宾补 常见s动词：tel,ask,want,wish,like,hate,expect,.encourage,invite,order,,teach,advise,alow, wamn,force,beg 结构：verb+sb.+to do sth, 考点：这类动词后必须接带®的不定式，常用于“告诉某人做某事”“想要某人做某事” 等句型 动词 例句 释义 The teacher told us to finish homework on tell 老师告诉我们按时完成作业。 time want My mother wants me to be a doctor. 我妈妈想让我成为一名医生。 ask He asked me to go with him. 他请求我和他一起去。 expect I expected her to come early. 我期望她早点来。 The doctor advised him to give up advise 医生建议他戒烟。 smoking. ②省略to的不定式作宾补（感官动词与使役动词） 常见动词： 感官动词：see,watch,notice,.hear,listen to,feel 使役动词：let,make,have 结构：verb+sb.+do sth.(原形动词，即省略to) 考点：此类动词后，不定式必须省略to。但在被动语态中，前面的to必须还原。 动词 例句 释义 see I saw him play basketball 我看见他打篮球了。 hear We heard her sing a song. 我们听到她唱了一首歌。 make The boss made them work all day 老板让他们工作一整天。 let Let me help you 让我来帮你吧。 have I had my brother wash the car. 我让我弟弟洗了车。 ★核心辨析： see/hear sb.do sth..:强调看见/听见“做某事的过程或事实”（全程）。 see/hear sb.doing sth.:强调看见/听见“正在做某事”（片段）。 例：I saw him cross the street.(我看到他过了马路，强调看到了过马路这件事。） I saw him crossing the street.(我看到他正在过马路，强调当时他正在路的中间。) ③否定形式 规则：否定动词不定式作宾补时，直接在todo或do前加not。 结构：veb+sb.+not(to)do sth 例： to The teacher told us not to be late again. 省略to:I warned him not to make the same mistake.(注意：wan需要带to) 使役动词：The boss made the workers not work overtime..(省略to) ④形式宾语“替代 定义：当宾语是不定式短语，且后面有宾补时，常用形式宾语t放在宾语位置，而将真正 的不定式宾语后置。 结构：find/think/feel/make+it+adj.m.+to do sth 例： I find it difficult to learn Maths well.(我发现学好数学很难。) We think it important to protect the environment..(我们认为保护环境很重要。) 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度，8-10题/大题，共3大题） (一)单项选择 1.The teacher told us the window because it was raining outside. A.open B.to open C.not to open D.not open 2.I often see my mother in the kitchen when I come back from school A.to cook B.cooking C.cook D.cooks 3.Don't make the little boy too long.He needs to rest. A.stand B.to stand C.standing D.stood 4.We all expected her the first prize in the competition. A.win B.to win C.winning D.won 5.The funny story made everyone loudly. A.laugh B.to laugh C.laughing D.laughed 6.I find interesting with my friends online. A.it,talk B.that,to talk C.it,to talk D.this;talking 7.-Listen!Can you hear someone for help? A.to cry B.crying C.cry D.cried 8.The boss had the workers the heavy boxes into the truck A.carry B.to carry C.carrying D.carried 9.My parents advise me more vegetables to keep healthy. A.eat B.to eat C.eating D.ate 10.He felt something on his shoulder and tumned around A.touch B.touching C.to touch D.touched (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的适当形式（必要时加to),使短文通顺、完整。 Tom is a very kind boy.Yesterday,his mother asked him 1. (clean)his room.He didn't want 2. (do)it,but his mother made him 3. (start)working.While he was cleaning,he saw his little brother 4. (draw)a picture on the wall.This made Tom very angry.He told his brother 5. (stop)immediately.However,his brother refused 6. (listen).Tom felt helpless.He didn't allow his brother 7. (paint)on the wall again.Finally,his father came in.He let Tom 8. (take)a rest and had his brother 9. (clean)the wall himself.Tom thought it was fair.He expects his brother 10. (be)a good boy next time (三)完成句子 1.老师警告我们不要在走廊里奔跑。The teacher wamed us in the hallway. 2.昨晚你听到她弹钢琴了吗？Did you the piano last night? 3.我发现和外国人交谈很有趣。Id very interesting with foreigners. 4.妈妈让他在饭前洗手。Mom him his hands before dinner. 5.这个笑话使我们都大笑起来。The joke all ofus 6.我们看见那个男孩在和一只小狗玩耍。We saw the boy a little dog 7.医生建议我多喝水。The doctor advised me more water. 8.不要让她等太久。Dont her too long. 9.他们强迫工人们每天工作12小时。They forced the workers 12 hours every day. 10.我认为帮助你朋友是对的。I think right your friend. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.C;2.B;3.A;4.B;5.A;6.C;7.B;8.A;9.B;10.B 选择 (二)语法 1.to clean 2.to do 3.start 4.drawing 5.to stop 6.to listen 7.to paint 8.take 填空 9.clean 10.to be (三)完成 1.not to run i 2.hear her play i 3.it;to talk 4.makes;wash/asked;to wash 5.made; 句子 laugh loudly 6.playing with 7.to drink 8.let;wait 9.to work 10.it;to help 语法精讲精练二 1.定义与功能 定义：使役动词(make,let,have)和感官动词(see,hear,notice,.feel,watch,listen to,look t等)后接不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to必须省略。但在被动语态中，to必须 恢复。 核心考点：主动语态省略to,被动语态加to。这是中考语法填空、改错的高频点。 2.常见动词分类 类别 常见动词 使役动词 make,let,have see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe,listen to, 感官动词 look at 特殊动词 help(to可省可留) 3.用法详解（四大要点） (①)主动结构：动词+宾语+动词原形 make sb.do sth. 例：The joke made us laugh. let sb.do sth. 例：Let him go now. have sb.do sth. 例：I will have my brother repair the bike. see sb.do sth. 例：I saw him cross the street.(看见全过程) hear sb.do sth. 例：I heard her sing a song.(听见唱了整首歌) (2）感官动词后接do与doing的区别 do:强调动作完成或全过程（中考常考） doing:强调动作正在进行 例：I saw him cross the street..（他过了马路) I saw him crossing the street.(他正在过马路) (3)被动语态：to必须还原 主动：The boss made the workers work 12 hours. 被动：The workers were made to work 12hors. ★口诀：主动省to,被动加to (4)特殊动词help help sb.(to)do sth.一to可省略也可保留，中考两种形式都正确 例：She helped me(to)solve the problem 4.中考易错点辨析 ★let一般不用于被动语态，被动常用allow代替。 ★have的被动结构较少见，日常多用其他表达。 ★注意短语动词的搭配：1 isten to sb.do sth./look at sb.do sth.同样省略too ★感官动词后接不定式与现在分词的语境判断：根据时间状语(just now/when I came in→进行时用doing)。 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共8题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.I often see my mother books in the study at night A.read B.to read C.reading D.reads 2.The teacher made the students the homework carefully A.to do B.do C.doing D.did 3.He was seen the old man cross the street yesterday. A.help B.to help C.helping D.helped 4.Let's basketball after school. A.play B.to play C.playing D.played 5.I heard her in the next room when I came in. A.sing B.to sing C.singing D.sang 6.The boss had the workers extra hours last month A.work B.to work C.working D.worked 7.-Did you notice him away?-No,I didn't. A.run B.to run C.running D.ran 8.My mother always makes me my room on weekends A.to clean B.clean C.cleaning D.cleaned (二)用所给动词的适当形式填空（共10题） 1.I saw her (dance)in the hall just now. 2.The children were made (stand)outside for a long time 3.Don't let the baby (cry)anymore 4.I often hear her (play)the piano in the evening 5.We had the mechanic (repair)our car yesterday 6.He was noticed (enter)the room with a bag 7.The teacher had us (write)a composition every week. 8.I watched the sun (rise)over the hills. 9.She helped me (finish)the work on time.(两种形式均可) 10.Listen!Can you hear someone (call)for help? (三)完成句子（每空一词，共10题) 1.妈妈让我每天喝牛奶。 My mother me milk every day. 2.我看见他进了办公室。 him the office. 3.这个男孩被强迫每天做很多作业。 The boy made a lot of homework every day 4.让我们一起去游泳吧。 Let's swimming together. 5.我听见她在隔壁房间唱歌。 I her in the next room. 6.老师让同学们保持安静。 The teacher the students quiet. 7.他注意到一个陌生人进了房子。 He a stranger the house. 8.那些工人被迫每天工作12小时。 The workers were work 12 hours a day. 9.你能帮我搬这个箱子吗？ Can you me the box? 10.我感觉到有人摸了摸我的肩膀。 someone my shoulder. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.A;2.B;3.B;4.A;5.C;6.A;7.A;8B (二)用所 1.dance 2.to stand 3.cry 4.play 5.repair 6.to enter 7.write 8.rise 9.(to) 给动词的适 finish 10.calling 当形式填空 (三)完成 1.makes,drink 2.saw,enter ;3.was,to do 4.go 5.heard;singing 6.had;keep 句子 7.noticed;enter 8.made to ;9.help;(to)cany 10.felt;touch