精品解析：四川省成都市树德中学2026-2027学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题

树德中学高2024级高三英语开学考试 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. What puts the man off living in Los Angeles? A. The terrible weather. B. The fast-paced lifestyle. C. The high living expenses. 2. What does the woman suggest the man do? A. Stay polite to others. B. Have a talk with Ron. C. Stop tapping the desk. 3. What are the speakers talking about? A. A meeting. B. A workmate. C. A project. 4. How does the woman feel in the end? A. Angry. B. Hopeful. C. Disappointed. 5. Where probably are the speakers? A. In a car. B. In their house. C. In the train station. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What does the woman suggest doing regarding tennis? A. Setting a goal. B. Putting more effort into it. C. Taking part in the tournament. 7. What does the woman think is the most important? A. Buying new shoes. B. Avoiding getting hurt. C. Winning the first match. 听第7段录音，回答第8至10题。 8. Why does Mark stop Lisa from using public Wi-Fi? A. It might leak her private data. B. It might slow down her device. C. It might lead to an unstable network. 9. What is Lisa’s concern about the security app? A. Whether it costs a lot. B. Whether it’s easy to set up. C. Whether it works on her laptop. 10. What does Mark advise against doing on public networks? A. Downloading applications. B. Looking through websites. C. Accessing bank accounts. 听第8段录音，回答第11至13题。 11. What has Helen done for Jimmy’s story? A. She’s drawn pictures for it. B. She’s helped him to edit it. C. She’s written the end of it. 12. What does Jimmy think the drawing lacks? A. A central figure. B. A sense of movement. C. A clear background. 13. Who is Malcolm? A. An artist. B. An explorer. C. A character. 听第9段录音，回答第14至17题。 14. Who are the main creators of Chinese paper-cutting? A. Public officials. B. Common people. C. Professional artists. 15. When did Chinese paper-cutting originate? A. About 500 years ago. B. About 1,000 years ago. C. About 1,500 years ago. 16. What happened to Chinese paper-cutting in 2006? A. It is exhibited in the museum. B. It won a higher official status. C. It started being taught at school. 17. What does the man try to do in the end? A. Extend an invitation. B. Give a suggestion. C. Express a regret. 听第10段录音，回答第18至20题。 18. What does Habib volunteer to do? A. Sing songs for the young. B. Help the elderly recall the past. C. Accompany a lady to group activities. 19. To whom does Consuela give help? A. People who live alone. B. People who have few friends. C. People who have leg problems. 20. How is the lady affected by Tanya? A. She develops an interest. B. She becomes a dressmaker. C. She spends more time going out. 第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Columbia Engineering’s Summer High School Academic Program for Engineers (SHAPE) is a selective pre-college program for high school students and recent graduates. SHAPE is tailored for students with a gift for STEM: science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Each 3-week session offers college-level, project-based courses in engineering taught by celebrated professors at the university. SHAPE gives students a more realistic picture of what it means to be an engineer, and its professional development components help students develop the skills they need to get there. Courses SHAPE features creative problem-solving courses and exposes students to innovative engineering techniques and knowledge presented by professors. Please note that SHAPE does not provide college credit. Students gain access to the famous MakerSpace and state-of-the-art research laboratories after completing the safety training and will only do so under close guidance. SHAPE also provides students with workshops to explore career fields, professional development, and guidance on sharpening one’s college application from admissions officers. Students in the program will be visiting companies and organizations that show the classroom content in practice. Application Students are selected based on the following criteria: 1. Strong academic record 2. Personal statement to demonstrate excitement and interest in STEM through engagement in challenging courses, activities, projects, etc. 3. Enthusiastic letter of recommendation submitted by a math or science teacher 4. Creative responses to two required questions and one of the three optional questions We encourage all students to apply by the priority deadline of June 15, 2023, so there is no application fee. After the priority deadline, a $50 application fee is required. SHAPE is dedicated to supporting students and their families in need of financial assistance. We offer a limited number of need-based scholarships, which cover the full cost of SHAPE. To be considered for a need-based scholarship, families will need to provide a recent pay receipt and complete a Family Income and Expense Worksheet. Email: shape@columbia.edu for more information. 1. What can we learn about SHAPE? A. It suits students talented in STEM. B. It shows the procedure of learning STEM. C. It serves as the start of students’ college life. D. It gives students chances to work with engineers. 2. In SHAPE, students can . A. be free to explore the MakerSpace B. earn college credit for future study C. put school knowledge into practice D. be equipped with skills for engineering 3. To secure a place in SHAPE, students need to . A. show their family financial state B. answer all the given questions C. pay application fees before deadline D. prove their learning capability 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一项针对高中生和应届毕业生的选择性大学预科课程：SHAPE。介绍了其课程特色以及申请要求。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“SHAPE is tailored for students with a gift for STEM: science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.(SHAPE是为具有STEM：科学、技术、工程和数学天赋的学生量身定制的)”可知，SHAPE适合在STEM领域有天赋的学生。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“SHAPE gives students a more realistic picture of what it means to be an engineer, and its professional development components help students develop the skills they need to get there.(SHAPE让学生对成为一名工程师意味着什么有了一个更现实的认识，它的专业发展部分帮助学生发展他们到达那里所需的技能)”可知，在SHAPE，学生可以掌握工程技能。故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Application部分中“Personal statement to demonstrate excitement and interest in STEM through engagement in challenging courses, activities, projects, etc.(个人陈述，通过参与具有挑战性的课程、活动、项目等，展示对STEM的兴奋和兴趣)”可知，申请条件中需要学生陈述自己参加过的有挑战性的课程、活动、项目，这能证明自己的学习能力，由此可知，为了在SHAPE获得一席之地，学生需要证明自己的学习能力。故选D。 B When Appa passed away peacefully one morning, part of my priceless inheritance (遗产) from him is a box of yellow pencils. Some barely used, some worn-down, but each unfailingly functional, they remind me of his love of solving crossword puzzles. In his 80s, Appa would read the day’s newspaper, cover to cover. A few minutes of reading with the sun streaming in through the bay windows. A spark in his mind, and bingo! He’d get that puzzling word to complete the puzzle. While my father used words for love, I did the same for a living. In my own mind, it did not matter how much I got paid for writing. I wrote because I loved it, often for or about non-profits — that is until recently. “You were paid peanuts!” said some of my younger, more worldly-wise friends. Unlike me, they found the best places to publish their work and the best editors to work with. But their words didn’t affect me. However, when an editor surprised me with a lower rate of pay for a piece they chose to publish online rather than in print, as was originally proposed, I was shocked... and hurt! But like my father, I saw the bright side — so many people read the piece and loved it, sharing joyful emotions and praise on social media. It did wonders for my confidence. Today, when doubts cloud my mind, I think of Appa’s sharpened pencil. Its purpose may have been to solve a crossword. A crossword is complete — and gives one joy — with only so many words, and only when each word rests on elements from the others. Couldn’t my words hold a duality (双重性) that completes my purpose too? And so, now I take up assignments, some that pay well, some that don’t, but together, and most importantly, they fill me with joy. After all, it is only our heartfelt passion that matters. 4. Why did the author mention his father in the article? A. To express the author’s love for his father. B. To emphasize his father’s influence on him. C. To introduce his father’s passion for the puzzles. D. To indicate his father’s supporting his career as a writer. 5. What does the underlined sentence “You were paid peanuts” mean in paragraph 4? A. You were paid in cash. B. You were paid lots of money. C. You were paid very little money. D. You were paid with valuable items. 6. What made the author feel hurt? A. The editor refused to publish his article. B. His article was published in print as proposed. C. His article was published online with a lower pay. D. The editor reduced the payment due to budget cuts. 7. What can we learn from this passage? A. Like father, like son. B. Follow your own path, and let others talk. C. What is done with passion is done well. D. Love what you do and do what you love. 【答案】4. B 5. C 6. C 7. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者受父亲影响，坚持写作，不因报酬多少而改变对写作的热爱，追寻内心激情。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“But like my father, I saw the bright side — so many people read the piece and loved it, sharing joyful emotions and praise on social media. It did wonders for my confidence.(不过，和父亲一样，我也看到了积极的一面——很多人读了这篇文章，并且很喜欢，他们在社交媒体上分享着喜悦和赞美。这极大地增强了我的信心)”和最后一段中“Today, when doubts cloud my mind, I think of Appa’s sharpened pencil. Its purpose may have been to solve a crossword. A crossword is complete — and gives one joy — with only so many words, and only when each word rests on elements from the others. Couldn’t my words hold a duality (双重性) that completes my purpose too? And so, now I take up assignments, some that pay well, some that don’t, but together, and most importantly, they fill me with joy.(如今，每当我心生疑虑时，我就会想起Appa削尖的铅笔。它的用途或许是解填字游戏。一份填字游戏，只有用上一定数量的单词，而且每个单词都要与其他单词相互关联，才能完成，才会给人带来乐趣。难道我的文字就不能也具有这种双重性，从而实现我的写作目的吗？于是，现在我开始接受各种写作任务，有些报酬丰厚，有些则不然，但最重要的是，它们都让我感到快乐)”可知，父亲的行为影响了作者对写作的态度，作者提及父亲是为了强调父亲对自己的影响。故选B。 【5题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中““You were paid peanuts!” said some of my younger, more worldly-wise friends. Unlike me, they found the best places to publish their work and the best editors to work with.(“You were paid peanuts!”一些比我年轻、更通晓世事的朋友这样说道。与我不一样，他们能找到发表作品的好地方，也能和优秀的编辑合作)”可知，朋友们认为作者报酬低，“You were paid peanuts!”意思是“你得到的报酬很少”。故选C。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“However, when an editor surprised me with a lower rate of pay for a piece they chose to publish online rather than in print, as was originally proposed, I was shocked... and hurt!(然而，当一位编辑出人意料地告诉我，他们选择在网上而不是按最初提议的那样在印刷版上发表我的一篇文章，而且报酬更低时，我震惊了……也很受伤！)”可知，让作者感到受伤的是他的文章在网上发表，但报酬却降低了。故选C。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段“Today, when doubts cloud my mind, I think of Appa’s sharpened pencil. Its purpose may have been to solve a crossword. A crossword is complete — and gives one joy — with only so many words, and only when each word rests on elements from the others. Couldn’t my words hold a duality (双重性) that completes my purpose too? And so, now I take up assignments, some that pay well, some that don’t, but together, and most importantly, they fill me with joy. After all, it is only our heartfelt passion that matters.(如今，每当我心生疑虑时，我就会想起Appa削尖的铅笔。它的用途或许是解填字游戏。一份填字游戏，只有用上一定数量的单词，而且每个单词都要与其他单词相互关联，才能完成，才会给人带来乐趣。难道我的文字就不能也具有这种双重性，从而实现我的写作目的吗？于是，现在我开始接受各种写作任务，有些报酬丰厚，有些则不然，但最重要的是，它们都让我感到快乐。毕竟，只有我们发自内心的热爱才是最重要的。)”以及全文作者受父亲影响，坚持写作，不因报酬多少而改变对写作的热爱可知，我们能从这篇文章中学到“热爱你所做的，做你所爱的”。故选D。 C While you do the dishes or drive to work, your mind is likely not on the task at hand; perhaps you’re composing a grocery list or daydreaming about retiring in Italy. But research published in the Journal of Neuroscience suggests you might be taking in more than you think. In the study, participants practiced a simple task in which they pressed keyboard buttons corresponding to the direction of arrows that lit up on a screen. But there were patterns hidden within the task that the participants were unaware of — and they learned these patterns without consciously noticing them. The researchers found that when participants reported letting their minds wander, they adapted to the task’s hidden patterns significantly faster. “This is an exciting and important piece of work, especially because the authors opted for a nondemanding task to check how mind wandering would affect performance and learning,” says Athena Demertzi from the University of Liège in Belgium. Previous related research focused more on long and demanding tasks, she says — on which zoning out is typically shown to have a negative effect. But the results are not clear-cut, says Jonathan Smallwood, a psychology researcher at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario. “I don’t think that this means the mind-wandering episodes themselves cause implicit (隐性) learning to occur, ” he says. “Rather, both emerge at the same time when people go into a particular state.” Neither Smallwood nor Demertzi was involved in the new study. Using EEG (脑电图) recordings, the team found that during the test periods, participants’ brains produced more of the slow waves that are dominant during sleep. “Perhaps mind wandering is like a form of light sleep that provides some of that state’s learning benefits,” says Péter Simor, lead author of the recent study. To better understand whether mind wandering might compensate (弥补) for lost sleep, Simor and his colleagues next plan to study sleep loss. 8. How does the author introduce the topic? A. By setting relatable scenes. B. By defining a new concept. C. By presenting a research timeline. D. By providing historical background. 9. According to Athen a Demertzi, what may happen if a task becomes more demanding? A. Mind wandering may increase. B. Zoning out may hurt performance. C. Hidden patterns may be easier to detect. D. Participants may adapt to the task faster. 10. What is Péter Simor doing with his remark in paragraph 5? A. Taking back an earlier claim. B. Ruling out Smallwood’s view. C. Presenting conclusive evidence. D. Offering a possible interpretation. 11. What is the best title for the text? A. Why Our Minds Wander B. How to Stop Mind Wandering C. The Power of a Wandering Mind D. The Dangers of Mind Wandering 【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍《神经科学杂志》研究，发现人走神时能更快掌握任务隐藏规律，专家对此有不同解读，研究者还计划探究走神能否弥补睡眠不足。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“While you do the dishes or drive to work, your mind is likely not on the task at hand; perhaps you’re composing a grocery list or daydreaming about retiring in Italy. But research published in the Journal of Neuroscience suggests you might be taking in more than you think. (当你在洗碗或者开车去上班时，你的思绪很可能并未专注于手头的任务；也许你正在列购物清单，或者正在幻想自己在意大利退休的生活。但发表在《神经科学杂志》上的研究显示，你所接收的信息可能比你自己意识到的要多。)”可知，作者通过描绘贴近生活的场景引入文章主题。故选A。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Previous related research focused more on long and demanding tasks, she says — on which zoning out is typically shown to have a negative effect. (她说，此前的相关研究更多地关注的是那些耗时较长且要求较高的任务——而在这类任务中，注意力不集中通常会被认为会产生负面影响。)”可知，根据阿提恩·德梅特齐的观点，如果一项任务变得更具挑战性，可能会降低工作效率。故选B。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段““Perhaps mind wandering is like a form of light sleep that provides some of that state’s learning benefits,” says Péter Simor, lead author of the recent study. (彼得·西莫尔是这项最新研究的领衔作者，他表示：“或许心理游离就像一种浅度睡眠状态，能带来类似浅度睡眠的一些学习益处。”)”可知，彼得·西莫在第5段中的这番言论意欲提供一种可能的解释。故选D。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“While you do the dishes or drive to work, your mind is likely not on the task at hand; perhaps you’re composing a grocery list or daydreaming about retiring in Italy. But research published in the Journal of Neuroscience suggests you might be taking in more than you think. (当你在洗碗或者开车去上班时，你的思绪很可能并未专注于手头的任务；也许你正在列购物清单，或者正在幻想自己在意大利退休的生活。但发表在《神经科学杂志》上的研究显示，你所接收的信息可能比你自己意识到的要多。)”结合文章介绍《神经科学杂志》研究，发现人走神时能更快掌握任务隐藏规律，专家对此有不同解读，研究者还计划探究走神能否弥补睡眠不足。可知，C选项“走神的力量”最符合文章标题。故选C。 D Just imagine: apples fought with oranges on horseback. Our imaginations are capable of this — and much more. They are responsible for films and novels, as well as buildings and computers. They are incredibly powerful. And yet the imaginings themselves are hard to define. Enter Adam Zeman, a neurologist whose book, The Shape of Things Unseen: A New Science of the Imagination, is a fine guide to the tricky science of the imagination. Zeman begins by saying that he wants to make this “accessible”; and he certainly pulls that off, but he has to do a lot of complicating in the process. After all, while we might think of imagination as mostly a visual skill — a sort of “seeing” by “the mind’s eye” — there are instances where we smell something through “the mind’s nose”. So Zeman takes us on a necessarily twisting path, explaining, complicating and tripping over various fences along the way. For a subject like the imagination, a certain width is to be expected, but his book is admirably wide-ranging. Zeman interviews novelists and astrophysicists (天体物理学家). He describes paintings and the functioning of synapses (神经元的突触). This is a book that concerns art almost as much as it concerns science. As Zeman says: “Science uses imagination to show us as far as possible, how things really are; art, just as importantly, to show us how they feel.” If there is one thread running through the book, it is the notion that “the ‘real’ world is almost as much a product of our creative minds as its countless virtual cousins”. It’s a “predictive brain” that generates and updates mental models to anticipate the world around it. There is, though, much else to mention, which is the major flaw here. For every explanation of how neural networks (神经网络) operate, there is a brief history of the greenhouse effect. For every detailed case study, there are short Wikipedia-ish passages. I would have preferred Zeman to expand on his thinking across two or three chapters, which is both a criticism and a compliment — if you can imagine such a thing. 12. What does Adam Zeman aim to achieve with his book? A. To reveal the “predictive brain” is the key to imagination. B. To explain how complicated the imagination is in science. C. To help people easily grasp the science behind imagination. D. To prove imagination is more important for art than science. 13. How does Zeman develop the subject of his book? A. By listing the flaws of previous studies on imagination. B. By comparing different types of imagination in daily life. C. By sharing personal stories about his research on the brain. D. By including conversations and discussions of art and science. 14. What does the underlined word “thread” in paragraph 5 mean? A. A main theme. B. A type of cloth. C. A difficult problem. D. A personal experience. 15. What do we know about the author’s comment on Zeman’s book? A. The book’s wide range deserves praise. B. The book could explore certain topics more deeply. C. The admirable width of the book is a highlight of the book. D. The Wikipedia-ish explanations should include more details. 【答案】12. C 13. D 14. A 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了神经学家Adam Zeman的一本关于想象的著作，该书以跨学科方式探讨想象背后的科学，内容广泛，但部分主题可更深入。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Enter Adam Zeman, a neurologist whose book, The Shape of Things Unseen: A New Science of the Imagination, is a fine guide to the tricky science of the imagination. Zeman begins by saying that he wants to make this “accessible”; and he certainly pulls that off, but he has to do a lot of complicating in the process. (神经学家Adam Zeman的著作《看不见的事物的形状：一门关于想象的新科学》对想象这门棘手的科学提供了很好的指导。Zeman一开始就说，他想让这个“容易理解”；他确实做到了，但在这个过程中他必须做很多复杂的事情)”可知，Zeman在这本书中的目标是帮助人们轻松掌握想象背后的科学。故选C项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Zeman interviews novelists and astrophysicists (天体物理学家). He describes paintings and the functioning of synapses (神经元的突触). This is a book that concerns art almost as much as it concerns science. (Zeman采访小说家和天体物理学家。他描述了绘画和神经突触的功能。这是一本涉及科学和艺术的书。)”可知，Zeman通过囊括对艺术和科学的对话和讨论来展开主题。故选D项。 【14题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词的下文“it is the notion that “the ‘real’ world is almost as much a product of our creative minds as its countless virtual cousins” (它是这样一种观念：“‘真实’世界几乎和无数虚拟世界一样，都是我们创造性思维的产物”)”可知，一个核心观念贯穿全书，划线词的意思应该是“思路，贯穿的主线”，即书中的核心主题。故选A项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“For every explanation of how neural networks (神经网络) operate, there is a brief history of the greenhouse effect. For every detailed case study, there are short Wikipedia-ish passages. I would have preferred Zeman to expand on his thinking across two or three chapters (对于神经网络如何运作的每一种解释，都有一个关于温室效应的简史。对于每一个详细的案例研究，都有类似维基百科的简短段落。我更希望Zeman用两到三章来详述他的想法)”可知，作者肯定Zeman的书的广度，但也指出深度不足，表明这本书可以更深入地探讨某些主题。故选B项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Boundaries are the limits we set for ourselves. We usually talk about boundaries with others, but they matter just as much with ourselves. Without boundaries, anxiety can affect every aspect of our lives, making it difficult to focus on anything else when worries arise. ____16____ When worries come up outside that time, you can reinforce this boundary by reminding yourself of the time you’ve put aside to deal with them. ____17____ Breaking it can be equally difficult. People tend to talk to themselves far more harshly than they would to anyone else. Setting boundaries around-self-talk can start with noticing when you say something unkind to yourself and replacing it with something more reasonable. Self-care means a million things to a million people. ____18____ It involves recognizing and meeting our needs in a range of areas. Self-care can take many forms, including time alone, connection with others, physical care, and emotional expression. It also includes practical tasks, such as regular dental checkups. ____19____ Clarifying our values and living by them is a key part of setting boundaries with ourselves. The extent to which our actions reflect our values is a measure of self-respect. Consider what truly matters to you. ____20____ When something crosses your moral compass, or would otherwise compromise your self-respect, notice that and take action. Making and keeping commitments to yourself is another form of self-care. A. This can give you a sense of your priorities. B. It is so easy to fall into a pattern of critical self-talk. C. Self-planning requires consideration of a range of factors. D. Take note of what you need to be at your best, and schedule it. E. It’s much more than getting your nails done or having a sweet coffee. F. This makes it essential for anxiety to be managed through clear boundaries. G. Setting aside time to deal with such concerns is important for peace of mind. 【答案】16. G 17. B 18. E 19. D 20. A 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍设立自我边界的方法，包括焦虑管控、自我对话、自我关怀以及坚守价值观。 【16题详解】 上文“Without boundaries, anxiety can affect every aspect of our lives, making it difficult to focus on anything else when worries arise. (没有界限，焦虑会影响我们生活的方方面面，当担忧出现时，我们很难专注于其他事情。)”说明没有边界时焦虑会影响生活的方方面面。下文“When worries come up outside that time, you can reinforce this boundary by reminding yourself of the time you’ve put aside to deal with them. (当担忧出现在这段时间之外时，你可以通过提醒自己留出的时间来处理它们，从而强化这一界限。)”提及需要预留时间，空处承上启下，说明空处需要引出“留出时间处理担忧”这一做法。所以G项“留出时间处理这些担忧对内心平静很重要。”符合语境，其中“such concerns”与上文worries呼应，“setting aside time”与下文“that time”衔接。 【17题详解】 下文“Breaking it can be equally difficult. People tend to talk to themselves far more harshly than they would to anyone else. Setting boundaries around-self-talk can start with noticing when you say something unkind to yourself and replacing it with something more reasonable. (打破它可能同样困难。人们倾向于对自己说话比对别人严厉得多。围绕自我对话设定界限可以从注意到你什么时候对自己说了一些不友善的话开始，并用更合理的话取而代之。)”说明打破某种模式很困难，人们对自己比对他人更严厉，需从注意不友善的自我对话开始设定边界。空处为段落的主旨句，需引出这种易陷入的模式。所以B项“人们很容易陷入批判性自我对话的模式。”符合语境。其中“pattern”与下文“Breaking it”中的it形成指代关系，“critical self-talk”与下文“talk to themselves far more harshly”相呼应。 【18题详解】 上文“Self-care means a million things to a million people. (自我关怀对一百万人来说意味着一百万件事。)”说明自我关怀因人而异。下文“It involves recognizing and meeting our needs in a range of areas .(它涉及认识和满足我们在一系列领域的需求。)”说明自我关怀涉及多方面需求。空处需承接上文并引出下文的深层解释。所以E项“它远不止做美甲、喝甜咖啡这类小事。”符合语境。该项中It指代“Self-care”，“much more than”与下文“a range of areas”形成递进，说明自我关怀远不止表面享受，还包括深层需求，符合语境。 【19题详解】 上文“Self-care can take many forms, including time alone, connection with others, physical care, and emotional expression. It also includes practical tasks, such as regular dental checkups. (自我护理可以采取多种形式，包括独处时间、与他人的联系、身体护理和情感表达。它还包括实际任务，如定期牙科检查。)”说明自我关怀包括实际任务。说明自我关怀形式多样。空处位于段尾，需要总结做法，所以D项“记下保持最佳状态所需的事物并做好安排。”符合语境。 【20题详解】 上文“Consider what truly matters to you. (思考对你真正重要的事物。)”说明要明确自身看重的事物。空处承接上文，说明该做法的作用。所以A项“这能让你分清事情的优先顺序。”符合语境。 第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 As part of my New Year’s resolution, I decided it was time to get my driver’s license. I’ve said I would do it for five years now, yet I never ____21____ it. Driving felt like a teenager’s thing, not something you began in your twenties, and I convinced myself I had somehow ____22____ my opportunity. When I finally sat in the driver’s seat last week, my ____23____ asked if I had ever driven before. I admitted this was my first time. Saying it out felt ____24____, like admitting I couldn’t ride a bike. I imagined people ____25____ me, wondering why I hadn’t done this sooner. What started as anxiety about not being able to drive ____26____ anxiety about everything else, like not having moved out of my parents’ house yet and not having travelled to countless countries. Suddenly, all my quiet ____27____ resurfaced. Of course, ____28____ reasons delayed my learning. Living in a city with convenient public transport, the cost of lessons, and the expense of owning a car all ____29____ careful planning before booking my first lesson. ____30____, there was always that annoying voice reminding me that I “should” have already done it. As I continue learning to drive and improving with each lesson, I realize that driving, like many achievements, doesn’t come with an inflexible ____31____. It’s just a milestone reached when it’s most ____32____. Feelings of inability arise from ____33____ between peers when you haven’t done something society considers ____34____ by a certain point in life. But life is complicated. Learning something new should never be ____35____ as being too late. 21. A. complete B. start C. accept D. plan 22. A. seized B. wasted C. missed D. ignored 23. A. instructor B. colleague C. guide D. teammate 24. A. amusing B. exciting C. upsetting D. embarrassing 25. A. persuading B. judging C. blaming D. suspecting 26. A. took over B. resulted from C. evolved into D. differed from 27. A. complaints B. difficulties C. mistakes D. insecurities 28. A. practical B. strange C. simple D. formal 29. A. followed B. avoided C. required D. provided 30. A. Otherwise B. Still C. Instead D. Therefore 31. A. timeline B. approach C. system D. structure 32. A. urgent B. valuable C. helpless D. convenient 33. A. impressions B. conflicts C. comparisons D. relationships 34. A. typical B. necessary C. fashionable D. positive 35. A. viewed B. chosen C. created D. honored 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述作者成年后学驾照，打破年龄焦虑，领悟人生没有固定完成时限。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：我已经说要考驾照五年了，却始终没有付诸行动。A. complete完成；B. start开始；C. accept接受；D. plan计划。根据前文“As part of my New Year’s resolution, I decided it was time to get my driver’s license. I’ve said I would do it for five years now, yet I never”可知，作者多年来只是口头提及考驾照，始终没有迈出第一步，且新年决心也是得到驾照，因此这里表示从未真正启动这件事。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：学车像是青少年的事，不适合二十多岁的人，我说服自己已经错过了机会。A. seized抓住；B. wasted浪费；C. missed错过；D. ignored忽视。根据前文“Driving felt like a teenager’s thing, not something you began in your twenties, and I convinced myself I had somehow”可知，作者认为成年后学车不合时宜，说明她觉得自己错失了学车的时机。 【23题详解】 考查名词。句意：上周我终于坐上驾驶座，我的教练问我以前是否开过车。A. instructor教练；B. colleague同事；C. guide向导；D. teammate队友。根据上文“When I finally sat in the driver’s seat last week”和下文“asked if I had ever driven before”可知，作者学车，坐在车内询问学员情况的是驾驶教练。 【24题详解】 考查形容词。句意：说出自己从未开过车这件事令人尴尬，就像承认自己不会骑自行车一样。A. amusing好笑的；B. exciting令人兴奋的；C. upsetting令人苦恼的；D. embarrassing令人尴尬的。根据下文“like admitting I couldn’t ride a bike”可知，下文类比不会骑车的窘迫场景，说明坦白初次学车十分尴尬。 【25题详解】 考查动词。句意：我想象着人们评判我，疑惑我为什么不早点学开车。A. persuading劝说；B. judging评判；C. blaming责备；D. suspecting怀疑。根据上文“Saying it out felt ______, like admitting I couldn’t ride a bike”可知，作者因从未开过车感到尴尬，她下意识会觉得旁人会带着审视的眼光看待自己迟迟不学车的行为。 【26题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：最初不会开车的焦虑，逐渐演变成对生活各类事情的焦虑。A. took over接管；B. resulted from由……引起；C. evolved into演变成；D. differed from与……不同。根据上文“What started as anxiety about not being able to drive”和下文“anxiety about everything else”可知，焦虑从单一学车问题扩散、转变为各类生活焦虑。 【27题详解】 考查名词。句意：一瞬间，我心底所有潜藏的不安都再次浮现出来。A. complaints抱怨；B. difficulties困难；C. mistakes错误；D. insecurities不安、不自信。根据上文“What started as anxiety about not being able to drive ______ anxiety about everything else, like not having moved out of my parents’ house yet and not having travelled to countless countries.”可知，作者接连冒出的各类自我怀疑式的焦虑情绪，这些藏在心底的情绪本质上是对自身状态的不笃定与不安感。 【28题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当然，诸多现实原因耽误了我的学车计划。A. practical现实的；B. strange奇怪的；C. simple简单的；D. formal正式的。根据下文“Living in a city with convenient public transport, the cost of lessons, and the expense of owning a car”可知，后文列举交通、学费、养车成本等，均为现实客观因素。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：住在公共交通便利的城市、课程的费用、养车的开销，所有这些都要求我在预约第一节课前做好周密规划。A. followed跟随；B. avoided避免；C. required要求、需要；D. provided提供。根据上文“Living in a city with convenient public transport, the cost of lessons, and the expense of owning a car”可知，各类现实因素让周密规划成为必要。 【30题详解】 考查副词。句意：尽管如此，总有一个烦人的声音提醒我，我本早就该考完驾照。A. Otherwise否则；B. Still尽管如此；C. Instead相反；D. Therefore因此。根据上文“Living in a city with convenient public transport, the cost of lessons, and the expense of owning a car all ______ careful planning before booking my first lesson.”和下文“there was always that annoying voice reminding me that I “should” have already done it”可知，上文讲客观原因阻碍学车，下文讲主观自我苛责，前后为转折让步关系，用Still。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：随着我继续学车，每节课都在进步，我意识到开车这件事，和很多成就一样，并没有一个死板的时间线。A. timeline时间线；B. approach方法；C. system体系；D. structure结构。根据上文“I realize that driving, like many achievements, doesn’t come with an inflexible”可知，人生成就无需被固定的时间节点束缚。作者一直被“早就该做完”的焦虑困扰可知，她此前默认学驾照有固定的完成节点，如今才明白这类事没有僵化的时间要求。 【32题详解】 考查形容词。句意：人生里程碑只需在最合适、最便利的时机达成即可。A. urgent紧急的；B. valuable有价值的；C. helpless无助的；D. convenient合适的，便利的。根据上文“I realize that driving, like many achievements, doesn’t come with an inflexible ______.”可知，作者有所感悟，做事无需赶时间，时机合适最重要。 【33题详解】 考查名词。句意：这种“我做不到”的无力感，来源于你和同龄人的相互比较——你还没完成某件社会认为人生到某个阶段就该做完的事。A. impressions印象；B. conflicts冲突；C. comparisons对比；D. relationships关系。根据下文“between peers when you haven’t done something society considers ______ by a certain point in life”可知，人的焦虑自卑大多来自同辈之间的相互比较。 【34题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这种“我做不到”的无力感，来源于你和同龄人的相互比较——你还没完成某件社会认为人生到某个阶段就该做完的事。A. typical典型的；B. necessary必要的；C. fashionable时髦的；D. positive积极的。根据下文“by a certain point in life”可知，社会普遍认为在人生特定阶段，掌握某些技能、完成某些经历是必不可少、理所应当的事，这一固有认知催生了自我内耗与焦虑。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：但人生复杂，学习新事物永远不该被视为为时已晚。A. viewed看待；B. chosen选择；C. created创造；D. honored尊敬。根据上文“Learning something new should never be”和下文“as being too late”可知，作者打破“早就该做完”的焦虑，领悟到没有固定时间线的核心主旨可知，任何时候开始学新东西，都不该被贴上“太晚”的标签。view...as...为固定搭配，意为“将……视作……”。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 We are on the threshold of a Fourth Industrial Revolution. ____36____ the first three revolutions — water and steam, electrical energy, electronics and information technology — which ____37____(bring) greater prosperity and significant problems, this new revolution is characterized by a fusion of technologies ____38____ blurs (使模糊) the lines between the physical, digital, and biological spheres (领域，范围). This revolution first took root in manufacturing. ____39____ (equip) with advanced sensors, modern machines are capable of gathering real-time data and making decisions independently. Today, intelligent production has become fully automated, forming the core of what is referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT). Different from the Internet of People, the IoT connects various pieces of smart equipment, ____40____ (allow) them to collaborate efficiently without constant human supervision. In a modern smart home, ____41____ (device) like smart beds, refrigerators and cabinets can continuously monitor users’ diet, physical health and household food reserves. When people head home after work, smart kitchen equipment can ____42____ (automatic) prepare meals through 3D printing technology. Nearly all of the innovative technology is already accessible in daily life. Just like previous industrial revolutions, ____43____ Fourth one delivers tremendous economic growth, yet it also brings unavoidable challenges. Traditional manual occupations may gradually disappear, and the ____44____ (globe) society might witness a new gap between digital elites and ordinary people. Besides, personal privacy protection has become a heated topic. The key issue is ____45____ we can balance technological progress and data security. 【答案】36. Unlike 37. brought 38. that##which 39. Equipped 40. allowing 41. devices 42. automatically 43. the 44. global 45. how 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍第四次工业革命的特点、应用及其带来的机遇与挑战。 【36题详解】 考查介词。句意：与前三次革命——水力与蒸汽、电能、电子和信息技术革命不同，它们带来了更大的繁荣，也带来重大问题，这场新革命的特点是技术融合，模糊了物理、数字和生物领域之间的界限。根据后文this new revolution可知，此处表达“与……不同”，用介词unlike，置于句首，首字母大写。 【37题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：与前三次革命——水力与蒸汽、电能、电子和信息技术革命不同，它们带来了更大的繁荣，也带来重大问题，这场新革命的特点是技术融合，模糊了物理、数字和生物领域之间的界限。which引导定语从句，从句缺少谓语动词，先行词the first three revolutions指代过去发生的三次工业革命，定语从句描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，bring的过去式为brought。 【38题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：与前三次革命——水力与蒸汽、电能、电子和信息技术革命不同，它们带来了更大的繁荣，也带来重大问题，这场新革命的特点是技术融合，模糊了物理、数字和生物领域之间的界限。空处引导定语从句，先行词为a fusion of technologies，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that/which。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：配备先进传感器，现代机器能够收集实时数据并独立做出决策。be equipped with为固定搭配，表示“配备有……”，本句已有谓语are capable of，空处作状语，去掉be，用过去分词，置于句首首字母大写。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：与人联网不同，物联网连接各类智能设备，使它们无需持续的人工监管就可以高效协同工作。句子谓语为connects，空处作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词。 【41题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：在现代智能家居中，智能床、冰箱、橱柜等设备可以持续监测用户的饮食、身体健康以及家庭食物储备。device是可数名词，后面列举多种设备，此处表示泛指，用复数形式。 【42题详解】 考查副词。句意：当人们下班回家，智能厨房设备可以通过3D打印技术自动做饭。空处修饰动词prepare，需要用副词作状语，automatic的副词形式为automatically。 【43题详解】 考查冠词。句意：就像以往的工业革命一样，第四次工业革命带来巨大的经济增长，但它同样带来无法避免的挑战。序数词Fourth前面要用定冠词the。 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：传统手工职业或许会逐渐消失，全球社会可能会见证数字精英与普通人之间新的鸿沟。空处修饰名词society，用形容词作前置定语，globe的形容词为global，意为“全球的”。 【45题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：关键问题是我们如何平衡技术进步和数据安全。空处引导表语从句，表达“如何”，用连接副词how。 第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，上周你参加了学校组织的消防安全演习，请你在校英文论坛发表一篇帖子，分享此次经历，内容包括： 1．活动过程； 2．个人感悟。 注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：消防安全演习fire safety drill ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Last week I took part in a safety drill organized by our school, which left me a deep impression. We were having a math class when suddenly the fire alarm rang. Under the guidance of our teacher, we immediately left the classroom. With my hands covering my mouth, I bent down a bit and ran downstairs quickly on our evacuation route. At last, we landed on the playground successfully. The drill not only raised our fire safety awareness but also offered me a real scene in case of a fire, greatly improving our survival skills. I have a firm belief that it will truly save lives in emergencies. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生在校英文论坛发表一篇帖子，分享上周参加的学校组织的消防安全演习活动，说明活动过程和个人感悟。 【详解】1.词汇积累 参加：take part in → participate in 立即：immediately → instantly 快速地：quickly →fast 提高/加强：improve → strengthen 2.句式拓展 变倒装句 原句：The drill not only raised our fire safety awareness but also offered me a real scene in case of a fire, greatly improving our survival skills. 拓展句：Not only did the drill raise our fire safety awareness but it also offered me a real scene in case of a fire, greatly improving our survival skills. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Last week I took part in a safety drill organized by our school, which left me a deep impression.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】We were having a math class when suddenly the fire alarm rang.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句） 第二节(满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Ten-year-old Tom always felt lonely. His parents were always occupied with work. They left home early in the morning and came back late at night. Tom often ate dinner alone and went to bed without a goodnight kiss. For him, there were no family games, no city tours, no weekend outings. One day, Tom's parents brought home a gift—a smart watch. "This watch has a special friend inside,” Mom said with a smile. "Her name is Ling. She can talk to you, answer your questions, and even tell you stories.” A wave of anticipation swept over Tom as he put on the watch and pressed the button. A gentle voice came out, "Hello, Tom! I'm Ling. Nice to meet you!” Tom's eyes lit up. He had never received such an interesting gift before. From that day on, Ling became Tom's closest companion. Every morning, Ling would say, "Good morning, Tom! Have a great day at school!” Whenever Tom encountered difficulties with his homework, Ling would patiently provide thorough explanations. After Tom got into bed, Ling would tell his favorite tales about brave knights and magical lands. Sometimes, when Tom felt scared of the dark, Ling would sing softly to comfort him. To Tom, Ling was more than a voice; she was family. His parents noticed Tom's change. "See? Our little boy seems much happier now,” Dad said one evening. Mom agreed, "The watch really helps,” relieved. They thought their son was no longer lonely. What they didn't know was that sometimes, after Ling had finished her stories, Tom would lie awake in the darkness, listening to the silence that filled the room. He loved Ling, but he couldn't help thinking: if only Mom and Dad were here. One afternoon after school, Tom tripped and fell on the way home. The watch hit a rock with a loud crack. When Tom picked it up, the screen was dark. He pressed the button again and again, but nothing appeared. "Ling? Ling, are you there?” he called desperately. There was no reply. 注意： (1)续写词数应为 150 左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Tom had no choice but to turn to his parents for help. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ At that moment, both Mom and Dad saw clearly what they had missed. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Tom had no choice but to turn to his parents for help. Clutching the broken watch, he hurried home. Like usual, the house lay empty and quiet. But this time, the loneliness felt unbearable — not because Ling was gone, but because the people he truly needed were absent. He waited and waited. It was nearly midnight when his parents finally returned. They were alarmed to see Tom curling up on the sofa, face wet with tears. “What happened, Tom?” Mom rushed over. Wordlessly, he held out the broken watch. Dad soon fetched his toolbox trying to fix it, but in vain. Seeing this, Tom couldn’t contain himself any longer and burst into desperate sobs. Between gasps, he poured out his loneliness — the silent dinners, the empty house, the longing for someone to be there. At that moment, both Mom and Dad saw clearly what they had missed. They realized that no watch, however smart, could ever take the place of their presence. Immediately, Mom wrapped her arms around Tom, apologizing, “I’m so sorry. We thought the watch was enough, but we were wrong.” Dad knelt beside them, his voice thick with guilt. “From now on, we’ll be home earlier. No more lonely dinners.” Together they drew up a family schedule — Tuesday night board games, Friday pizza-making, Sunday afternoons in the park. They promised to make it a weekly routine and wrote it on the family calendar in bright colors. That night, the family came to understand technology might offer comfort, but only love could fill the silence of an empty home. 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了 10 岁的汤姆因父母忙于工作而感到孤独，父母为他买了带有智能伙伴 Ling 的手表缓解孤独，而当手表损坏、Ling 消失后，汤姆向父母倾诉了内心的孤独，父母也终于意识到陪伴的重要性，承诺给予汤姆更多关爱与陪伴的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写 ① 由第一段开头给出的线索可知，汤姆手表损坏、Ling 无法回应，只能向父母求助；后需续可写汤姆等待父母、向父母展示损坏的手表、倾诉内心孤独的过程，体现他对父母陪伴的渴望。 ②由第二段开头给出的线索可知，父母听到汤姆的倾诉后幡然醒悟；后续可以写父母的愧疚、道歉，以及他们为弥补过错所做的具体行动，呼应 “陪伴比科技更重要” 的主题。 2.续写线索手表损坏无回应→汤姆回家等待父母→父母深夜归来发现汤姆哭泣→汤姆展示损坏的手表并倾诉孤独→父母醒悟并愧疚道歉→制定家庭陪伴计划→领悟陪伴的意义。 3.词汇激活： 行为类： ① 紧握：clutch /hold tightly ② 修理：fix /repair/mend ③ 倾诉：pour out /speak out ④ 制定：draw up /work out 情绪类： ① 绝望的：desperate /hopeless ② 深感内疚：thick with guilt /feel extremely ashamed ③ 欣慰的：relieved /comforted 【点睛】【高分句型 1】They were alarmed to see Tom curling up on the sofa, face wet with tears.（运用了不定式作状语和独立主格） 【高分句型 2】They realized that no watch, however smart, could ever take the place of their presence.（运用了that 引导的宾语从句，以及 however 引导的让步状语从句的省略形式） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 树德中学高2024级高三英语开学考试 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. What puts the man off living in Los Angeles? A. The terrible weather. B. The fast-paced lifestyle. C. The high living expenses. 2. What does the woman suggest the man do? A. Stay polite to others. B. Have a talk with Ron. C. Stop tapping the desk. 3. What are the speakers talking about? A. A meeting. B. A workmate. C. A project. 4. How does the woman feel in the end? A. Angry. B. Hopeful. C. Disappointed. 5. Where probably are the speakers? A. In a car. B. In their house. C. In the train station. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What does the woman suggest doing regarding tennis? A. Setting a goal. B. Putting more effort into it. C. Taking part in the tournament. 7. What does the woman think is the most important? A. Buying new shoes. B. Avoiding getting hurt. C. Winning the first match. 听第7段录音，回答第8至10题。 8. Why does Mark stop Lisa from using public Wi-Fi? A. It might leak her private data. B. It might slow down her device. C. It might lead to an unstable network. 9. What is Lisa’s concern about the security app? A. Whether it costs a lot. B. Whether it’s easy to set up. C. Whether it works on her laptop. 10. What does Mark advise against doing on public networks? A. Downloading applications. B. Looking through websites. C. Accessing bank accounts. 听第8段录音，回答第11至13题。 11. What has Helen done for Jimmy’s story? A. She’s drawn pictures for it. B. She’s helped him to edit it. C. She’s written the end of it. 12. What does Jimmy think the drawing lacks? A. A central figure. B. A sense of movement. C. A clear background. 13. Who is Malcolm? A. An artist. B. An explorer. C. A character. 听第9段录音，回答第14至17题。 14. Who are the main creators of Chinese paper-cutting? A. Public officials. B. Common people. C. Professional artists. 15. When did Chinese paper-cutting originate? A. About 500 years ago. B. About 1,000 years ago. C. About 1,500 years ago. 16. What happened to Chinese paper-cutting in 2006? A. It is exhibited in the museum. B. It won a higher official status. C. It started being taught at school. 17. What does the man try to do in the end? A. Extend an invitation. B. Give a suggestion. C. Express a regret. 听第10段录音，回答第18至20题。 18. What does Habib volunteer to do? A. Sing songs for the young. B. Help the elderly recall the past. C. Accompany a lady to group activities. 19. To whom does Consuela give help? A. People who live alone. B. People who have few friends. C. People who have leg problems. 20. How is the lady affected by Tanya? A. She develops an interest. B. She becomes a dressmaker. C. She spends more time going out. 第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Columbia Engineering’s Summer High School Academic Program for Engineers (SHAPE) is a selective pre-college program for high school students and recent graduates. SHAPE is tailored for students with a gift for STEM: science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Each 3-week session offers college-level, project-based courses in engineering taught by celebrated professors at the university. SHAPE gives students a more realistic picture of what it means to be an engineer, and its professional development components help students develop the skills they need to get there. Courses SHAPE features creative problem-solving courses and exposes students to innovative engineering techniques and knowledge presented by professors. Please note that SHAPE does not provide college credit. Students gain access to the famous MakerSpace and state-of-the-art research laboratories after completing the safety training and will only do so under close guidance. SHAPE also provides students with workshops to explore career fields, professional development, and guidance on sharpening one’s college application from admissions officers. Students in the program will be visiting companies and organizations that show the classroom content in practice. Application Students are selected based on the following criteria: 1. Strong academic record 2. Personal statement to demonstrate excitement and interest in STEM through engagement in challenging courses, activities, projects, etc. 3. Enthusiastic letter of recommendation submitted by a math or science teacher 4. Creative responses to two required questions and one of the three optional questions We encourage all students to apply by the priority deadline of June 15, 2023, so there is no application fee. After the priority deadline, a $50 application fee is required. SHAPE is dedicated to supporting students and their families in need of financial assistance. We offer a limited number of need-based scholarships, which cover the full cost of SHAPE. To be considered for a need-based scholarship, families will need to provide a recent pay receipt and complete a Family Income and Expense Worksheet. Email: shape@columbia.edu for more information. 1. What can we learn about SHAPE? A. It suits students talented in STEM. B. It shows the procedure of learning STEM. C. It serves as the start of students’ college life. D. It gives students chances to work with engineers. 2. In SHAPE, students can . A. be free to explore the MakerSpace B. earn college credit for future study C. put school knowledge into practice D. be equipped with skills for engineering 3. To secure a place in SHAPE, students need to . A. show their family financial state B. answer all the given questions C. pay application fees before deadline D. prove their learning capability B When Appa passed away peacefully one morning, part of my priceless inheritance (遗产) from him is a box of yellow pencils. Some barely used, some worn-down, but each unfailingly functional, they remind me of his love of solving crossword puzzles. In his 80s, Appa would read the day’s newspaper, cover to cover. A few minutes of reading with the sun streaming in through the bay windows. A spark in his mind, and bingo! He’d get that puzzling word to complete the puzzle. While my father used words for love, I did the same for a living. In my own mind, it did not matter how much I got paid for writing. I wrote because I loved it, often for or about non-profits — that is until recently. “You were paid peanuts!” said some of my younger, more worldly-wise friends. Unlike me, they found the best places to publish their work and the best editors to work with. But their words didn’t affect me. However, when an editor surprised me with a lower rate of pay for a piece they chose to publish online rather than in print, as was originally proposed, I was shocked... and hurt! But like my father, I saw the bright side — so many people read the piece and loved it, sharing joyful emotions and praise on social media. It did wonders for my confidence. Today, when doubts cloud my mind, I think of Appa’s sharpened pencil. Its purpose may have been to solve a crossword. A crossword is complete — and gives one joy — with only so many words, and only when each word rests on elements from the others. Couldn’t my words hold a duality (双重性) that completes my purpose too? And so, now I take up assignments, some that pay well, some that don’t, but together, and most importantly, they fill me with joy. After all, it is only our heartfelt passion that matters. 4. Why did the author mention his father in the article? A. To express the author’s love for his father. B. To emphasize his father’s influence on him. C. To introduce his father’s passion for the puzzles. D. To indicate his father’s supporting his career as a writer. 5. What does the underlined sentence “You were paid peanuts” mean in paragraph 4? A. You were paid in cash. B. You were paid lots of money. C. You were paid very little money. D. You were paid with valuable items. 6. What made the author feel hurt? A. The editor refused to publish his article. B. His article was published in print as proposed. C. His article was published online with a lower pay. D. The editor reduced the payment due to budget cuts. 7. What can we learn from this passage? A. Like father, like son. B. Follow your own path, and let others talk. C. What is done with passion is done well. D. Love what you do and do what you love. C While you do the dishes or drive to work, your mind is likely not on the task at hand; perhaps you’re composing a grocery list or daydreaming about retiring in Italy. But research published in the Journal of Neuroscience suggests you might be taking in more than you think. In the study, participants practiced a simple task in which they pressed keyboard buttons corresponding to the direction of arrows that lit up on a screen. But there were patterns hidden within the task that the participants were unaware of — and they learned these patterns without consciously noticing them. The researchers found that when participants reported letting their minds wander, they adapted to the task’s hidden patterns significantly faster. “This is an exciting and important piece of work, especially because the authors opted for a nondemanding task to check how mind wandering would affect performance and learning,” says Athena Demertzi from the University of Liège in Belgium. Previous related research focused more on long and demanding tasks, she says — on which zoning out is typically shown to have a negative effect. But the results are not clear-cut, says Jonathan Smallwood, a psychology researcher at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario. “I don’t think that this means the mind-wandering episodes themselves cause implicit (隐性) learning to occur, ” he says. “Rather, both emerge at the same time when people go into a particular state.” Neither Smallwood nor Demertzi was involved in the new study. Using EEG (脑电图) recordings, the team found that during the test periods, participants’ brains produced more of the slow waves that are dominant during sleep. “Perhaps mind wandering is like a form of light sleep that provides some of that state’s learning benefits,” says Péter Simor, lead author of the recent study. To better understand whether mind wandering might compensate (弥补) for lost sleep, Simor and his colleagues next plan to study sleep loss. 8. How does the author introduce the topic? A. By setting relatable scenes. B. By defining a new concept. C. By presenting a research timeline. D. By providing historical background. 9. According to Athen a Demertzi, what may happen if a task becomes more demanding? A. Mind wandering may increase. B. Zoning out may hurt performance. C. Hidden patterns may be easier to detect. D. Participants may adapt to the task faster. 10. What is Péter Simor doing with his remark in paragraph 5? A. Taking back an earlier claim. B. Ruling out Smallwood’s view. C. Presenting conclusive evidence. D. Offering a possible interpretation. 11. What is the best title for the text? A. Why Our Minds Wander B. How to Stop Mind Wandering C. The Power of a Wandering Mind D. The Dangers of Mind Wandering D Just imagine: apples fought with oranges on horseback. Our imaginations are capable of this — and much more. They are responsible for films and novels, as well as buildings and computers. They are incredibly powerful. And yet the imaginings themselves are hard to define. Enter Adam Zeman, a neurologist whose book, The Shape of Things Unseen: A New Science of the Imagination, is a fine guide to the tricky science of the imagination. Zeman begins by saying that he wants to make this “accessible”; and he certainly pulls that off, but he has to do a lot of complicating in the process. After all, while we might think of imagination as mostly a visual skill — a sort of “seeing” by “the mind’s eye” — there are instances where we smell something through “the mind’s nose”. So Zeman takes us on a necessarily twisting path, explaining, complicating and tripping over various fences along the way. For a subject like the imagination, a certain width is to be expected, but his book is admirably wide-ranging. Zeman interviews novelists and astrophysicists (天体物理学家). He describes paintings and the functioning of synapses (神经元的突触). This is a book that concerns art almost as much as it concerns science. As Zeman says: “Science uses imagination to show us as far as possible, how things really are; art, just as importantly, to show us how they feel.” If there is one thread running through the book, it is the notion that “the ‘real’ world is almost as much a product of our creative minds as its countless virtual cousins”. It’s a “predictive brain” that generates and updates mental models to anticipate the world around it. There is, though, much else to mention, which is the major flaw here. For every explanation of how neural networks (神经网络) operate, there is a brief history of the greenhouse effect. For every detailed case study, there are short Wikipedia-ish passages. I would have preferred Zeman to expand on his thinking across two or three chapters, which is both a criticism and a compliment — if you can imagine such a thing. 12. What does Adam Zeman aim to achieve with his book? A. To reveal the “predictive brain” is the key to imagination. B. To explain how complicated the imagination is in science. C. To help people easily grasp the science behind imagination. D. To prove imagination is more important for art than science. 13. How does Zeman develop the subject of his book? A. By listing the flaws of previous studies on imagination. B. By comparing different types of imagination in daily life. C. By sharing personal stories about his research on the brain. D. By including conversations and discussions of art and science. 14. What does the underlined word “thread” in paragraph 5 mean? A. A main theme. B. A type of cloth. C. A difficult problem. D. A personal experience. 15. What do we know about the author’s comment on Zeman’s book? A. The book’s wide range deserves praise. B. The book could explore certain topics more deeply. C. The admirable width of the book is a highlight of the book. D. The Wikipedia-ish explanations should include more details. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Boundaries are the limits we set for ourselves. We usually talk about boundaries with others, but they matter just as much with ourselves. Without boundaries, anxiety can affect every aspect of our lives, making it difficult to focus on anything else when worries arise. ____16____ When worries come up outside that time, you can reinforce this boundary by reminding yourself of the time you’ve put aside to deal with them. ____17____ Breaking it can be equally difficult. People tend to talk to themselves far more harshly than they would to anyone else. Setting boundaries around-self-talk can start with noticing when you say something unkind to yourself and replacing it with something more reasonable. Self-care means a million things to a million people. ____18____ It involves recognizing and meeting our needs in a range of areas. Self-care can take many forms, including time alone, connection with others, physical care, and emotional expression. It also includes practical tasks, such as regular dental checkups. ____19____ Clarifying our values and living by them is a key part of setting boundaries with ourselves. The extent to which our actions reflect our values is a measure of self-respect. Consider what truly matters to you. ____20____ When something crosses your moral compass, or would otherwise compromise your self-respect, notice that and take action. Making and keeping commitments to yourself is another form of self-care. A. This can give you a sense of your priorities. B. It is so easy to fall into a pattern of critical self-talk. C. Self-planning requires consideration of a range of factors. D. Take note of what you need to be at your best, and schedule it. E. It’s much more than getting your nails done or having a sweet coffee. F. This makes it essential for anxiety to be managed through clear boundaries. G. Setting aside time to deal with such concerns is important for peace of mind. 第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 As part of my New Year’s resolution, I decided it was time to get my driver’s license. I’ve said I would do it for five years now, yet I never ____21____ it. Driving felt like a teenager’s thing, not something you began in your twenties, and I convinced myself I had somehow ____22____ my opportunity. When I finally sat in the driver’s seat last week, my ____23____ asked if I had ever driven before. I admitted this was my first time. Saying it out felt ____24____, like admitting I couldn’t ride a bike. I imagined people ____25____ me, wondering why I hadn’t done this sooner. What started as anxiety about not being able to drive ____26____ anxiety about everything else, like not having moved out of my parents’ house yet and not having travelled to countless countries. Suddenly, all my quiet ____27____ resurfaced. Of course, ____28____ reasons delayed my learning. Living in a city with convenient public transport, the cost of lessons, and the expense of owning a car all ____29____ careful planning before booking my first lesson. ____30____, there was always that annoying voice reminding me that I “should” have already done it. As I continue learning to drive and improving with each lesson, I realize that driving, like many achievements, doesn’t come with an inflexible ____31____. It’s just a milestone reached when it’s most ____32____. Feelings of inability arise from ____33____ between peers when you haven’t done something society considers ____34____ by a certain point in life. But life is complicated. Learning something new should never be ____35____ as being too late. 21. A. complete B. start C. accept D. plan 22. A. seized B. wasted C. missed D. ignored 23. A. instructor B. colleague C. guide D. teammate 24. A. amusing B. exciting C. upsetting D. embarrassing 25. A. persuading B. judging C. blaming D. suspecting 26. A. took over B. resulted from C. evolved into D. differed from 27. A. complaints B. difficulties C. mistakes D. insecurities 28. A. practical B. strange C. simple D. formal 29. A. followed B. avoided C. required D. provided 30. A. Otherwise B. Still C. Instead D. Therefore 31. A. timeline B. approach C. system D. structure 32. A. urgent B. valuable C. helpless D. convenient 33. A. impressions B. conflicts C. comparisons D. relationships 34. A. typical B. necessary C. fashionable D. positive 35. A. viewed B. chosen C. created D. honored 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 We are on the threshold of a Fourth Industrial Revolution. ____36____ the first three revolutions — water and steam, electrical energy, electronics and information technology — which ____37____(bring) greater prosperity and significant problems, this new revolution is characterized by a fusion of technologies ____38____ blurs (使模糊) the lines between the physical, digital, and biological spheres (领域，范围). This revolution first took root in manufacturing. ____39____ (equip) with advanced sensors, modern machines are capable of gathering real-time data and making decisions independently. Today, intelligent production has become fully automated, forming the core of what is referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT). Different from the Internet of People, the IoT connects various pieces of smart equipment, ____40____ (allow) them to collaborate efficiently without constant human supervision. In a modern smart home, ____41____ (device) like smart beds, refrigerators and cabinets can continuously monitor users’ diet, physical health and household food reserves. When people head home after work, smart kitchen equipment can ____42____ (automatic) prepare meals through 3D printing technology. Nearly all of the innovative technology is already accessible in daily life. Just like previous industrial revolutions, ____43____ Fourth one delivers tremendous economic growth, yet it also brings unavoidable challenges. Traditional manual occupations may gradually disappear, and the ____44____ (globe) society might witness a new gap between digital elites and ordinary people. Besides, personal privacy protection has become a heated topic. The key issue is ____45____ we can balance technological progress and data security. 第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，上周你参加了学校组织的消防安全演习，请你在校英文论坛发表一篇帖子，分享此次经历，内容包括： 1．活动过程； 2．个人感悟。 注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：消防安全演习fire safety drill ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节(满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Ten-year-old Tom always felt lonely. His parents were always occupied with work. They left home early in the morning and came back late at night. Tom often ate dinner alone and went to bed without a goodnight kiss. For him, there were no family games, no city tours, no weekend outings. One day, Tom's parents brought home a gift—a smart watch. "This watch has a special friend inside,” Mom said with a smile. "Her name is Ling. She can talk to you, answer your questions, and even tell you stories.” A wave of anticipation swept over Tom as he put on the watch and pressed the button. A gentle voice came out, "Hello, Tom! I'm Ling. Nice to meet you!” Tom's eyes lit up. He had never received such an interesting gift before. From that day on, Ling became Tom's closest companion. Every morning, Ling would say, "Good morning, Tom! Have a great day at school!” Whenever Tom encountered difficulties with his homework, Ling would patiently provide thorough explanations. After Tom got into bed, Ling would tell his favorite tales about brave knights and magical lands. Sometimes, when Tom felt scared of the dark, Ling would sing softly to comfort him. To Tom, Ling was more than a voice; she was family. His parents noticed Tom's change. "See? Our little boy seems much happier now,” Dad said one evening. Mom agreed, "The watch really helps,” relieved. They thought their son was no longer lonely. What they didn't know was that sometimes, after Ling had finished her stories, Tom would lie awake in the darkness, listening to the silence that filled the room. He loved Ling, but he couldn't help thinking: if only Mom and Dad were here. One afternoon after school, Tom tripped and fell on the way home. The watch hit a rock with a loud crack. When Tom picked it up, the screen was dark. He pressed the button again and again, but nothing appeared. "Ling? Ling, are you there?” he called desperately. There was no reply. 注意： (1)续写词数应为 150 左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Tom had no choice but to turn to his parents for help. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ At that moment, both Mom and Dad saw clearly what they had missed. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $