Unit 7 The natural world 重点词汇核心考点（精练）2026-2027学年八年级英语上册新教材译林版

**基本信息** 聚焦“自然世界”主题词汇，通过分层训练实现从单词认知到语篇应用的递进式突破，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |逐词练习|55题（如wetland单选、include填空）|单词语境辨析（单选）、形式转换（填空）、语义替换（任务型）|从单词音形义基础认知到单句应用，构建词汇网络| |综合单词填空|66题（39中译英+27变形）|词汇汉译英与词形变化（如environment→environment-friendly）|整合单元核心词汇，强化语法规则与语义匹配| |完形填空|7篇50题（主题如湿地生态、水污染）|语篇语境中的词汇辨析与逻辑连贯|依托“自然世界”主题语篇，训练词汇在上下文的精准运用| |首字母填空|3篇30题（如湿地考察、南极探险）|首字母提示下的语篇补全与语义推断|提升词汇联想与语篇逻辑思维，呼应中考语篇题型要求|

Unit 7 The natural world 重点单词考点补充练习 一、逐词练习（55题） 二、综合单词填空（66题）— 39题中译英 + 27题单词变形 三、完形填空（7篇50题） Passage 1-3: 各5题 | Passage 4: 7题 | Passage 5: 8题 Passage 6-7: 各10题 四、首字母填空（3篇30题）— 每篇10空 1. wetland /ˈwetlænd/ 单项选择 The ________ is home to many different kinds of birds and fish. A. wetland B. wetlands C. forest D. forests 2. include /ɪnˈkluːd/ 单词填空 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 There are many services ________ (include) breakfast, free Wi-Fi, and a swimming pool for guests. 3. non-living /ˌnɒn ˈlɪvɪŋ/ 任务型转换 原文: Water, rocks, and sunlight are all non-living things in the forest ecosystem. 题干: 根据原文句意，在空格处填入一个适当的词。 Water, rocks, and sunlight are all ________ things in the forest ecosystem. 4. pond /pɒnd/ 首字母填空 根据句意及首字母提示填单词。 There are some beautiful fish swimming in the p________ in our garden. 5. around /əˈraʊnd/ 单项选择 There were ________ fifty people waiting at the meeting room this morning. A. around B. exactly C. mostly D. hardly 6. hold /həʊld/ 单词填空 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 The new sports hall is ________ (hold) a major event that can seat two thousand people. 7. return /rɪˈtɜːn/ 任务型转换 原文: Please return the books to the library before the due date. 题干: 根据原文句意，在空格处填入一个适当的词。 Please ________ the books to the library before the due date. 8. get rid of /ɡet rɪd əv/ 单词填空 根据句意及中文提示填单词。 We need to ________ (清除) these old newspapers to make room for new ones. 9. prevent /prɪˈvent/ 单项选择 Wearing a helmet can ________ serious head injuries in an accident. A. prevent B. preventing C. prevents D. prevented 10. store /stɔː(r)/ 单词填空 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 Please start ________ (store) the food in the fridge to keep it fresh for longer. 11. sponge /spʌndʒ/ 任务型转换 原文: She used a wet sponge to clean the dirty kitchen counter after dinner. 题干: 根据原文句意，在空格处填入一个适当的词。 She used a wet ________ to clean the dirty kitchen counter after dinner. 12. act /ækt/ 首字母填空 根据句意及首字母提示填单词。 The medicine will a________ quickly to reduce the pain in your back. 13. kidney /ˈkɪdni/ 单项选择 A healthy ________ filters waste from the blood and produces urine. A. kidney B. kidneys C. liver D. livers 14. nearly /ˈnɪəli/ 单词填空 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 The meeting lasted ________ (near) three hours and everyone in the room was exhausted. 15. carbon dioxide /ˌkɑːbən daɪˈɒksaɪd/ 任务型转换 原文: Green plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen during the process of photosynthesis. 题干: 根据原文句意，在空格处填入一个适当的词。 Green plants absorb ________ and release oxygen during the process of photosynthesis. 16. trap /træp/ 首字母填空 根据句意及首字母提示填单词。 Plants t________ sunlight and turn it into energy for growth. 17. harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/ 单项选择 Smoking is ________ to your health and can cause many serious diseases. A. harmfully B. harmfulness C. harmful D. harm 18. therefore /ˈðeəfɔː(r)/ 单项选择 It was raining heavily all day; ________, the football match was finally cancelled. A. however B. moreover C. meanwhile D. therefore 19. lung /lʌŋ/ 任务型转换 原文: Smoking can cause serious damage to your lungs over time. 题干: 根据原文句意，在空格处填入一个适当的词。 Smoking can cause serious damage to your ________ over time. 20. slow down 单词填空 根据句意及中文提示填单词。 You need to ________ (减速) when driving in heavy rain on the narrow mountain road. 21. sadly /ˈsædli/ 单项选择 ________, many wild animals are losing their homes because of deforestation. A. therefore B. sadness C. sad D. sadly 22. ton /tʌn/ 单词填空 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 The bridge can carry up to ten ________ (ton) of weight safely. 23. harm /hɑːm/ 任务型转换 原文: Too much screen time can cause harm to your eyes over time. 题干: 根据原文句意，在空格处填入一个适当的词。 Too much screen time can cause ________ to your eyes over time. 24. wildlife /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/ 首字母填空 根据句意及首字母提示填单词。 The national park is famous for its rich w________ and beautiful scenery. 25. topic /ˈtɒpɪk/ 单项选择 Climate change is a hot ________ that everyone is talking about these days. A. topic B. topics C. subject D. subjects 26. quite a few 单项选择 There were ________ people waiting in line when we arrived at the cinema. A. quite a few B. a few C. few D. little 27. noisy /ˈnɔɪzi/ 任务型转换 原文: The classroom was too noisy for the students to concentrate on their work. 题干: 根据原文句意，在空格处填入一个适当的词。 The classroom was too ________ for the students to concentrate on their work. 28. system /ˈsɪstəm/ 首字母填空 根据句意及首字母提示填单词。 Our school has a new computer s________ that is much faster than the old one. 29. cause /kɔːz/ 单项选择 Smoking cigarettes can ________ lung cancer and other serious health problems for adults. A. cause B. causes C. caused D. causing 30. damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ 单词填空 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 The ________ (damage) houses in the village need to be repaired before winter comes. 31. north-east /ˌnɔːθ ˈiːst/ 任务型转换 原文: The city is located in the north-east of China, near the border. 题干: 根据原文句意，在空格处填入一个适当的词。 The city is located in the ________ of China, near the border. 32. cover /ˈkʌvə(r)/ 首字母填空 根据句意及首字母提示填单词。 Animals find c________ under trees and rocks during heavy rain. 33. rare /reə(r)/ 单项选择 The giant panda is a ________ animal that lives only in China. A. rareness B. rare C. rarely D. noisy 34. red-crowned crane /ˌred kraʊnd kreɪn/ 单项选择 The ________ is known for its red patch on top of its head. A. giant panda B. red-crowned crane C. polar bear D. blue whale 35. stay /steɪ/ 任务型转换 原文: We decided to stay at home and watch a movie tonight. 题干: 根据原文句意，在空格处填入一个适当的词。 We decided to ________ at home and watch a movie tonight. 36. daytime /ˈdeɪtaɪm/ 首字母填空 根据句意及首字母提示填单词。 Owls sleep during the d________ and hunt for food at night. 37. lead /liːd/ 单项选择 Eating too much sugar can ________ to health problems like diabetes. A. leading B. leads C. lead D. leaded 38. lead to 单项选择 His careless driving ________ a serious accident on the highway last week. A. led to B. leads to C. leading to D. lead to 39. mud /mʌd/ 任务型转换 原文: After the rain, the football field was covered in mud. 题干: 根据原文句意，在空格处填入一个适当的词。 After the rain, the football field was covered in ________. 40. create /kriˈeɪt/ 首字母填空 根据句意及首字母提示填单词。 The teacher asked us to c________ a story about our summer holiday. 41. coral /ˈkɒrəl/ 单项选择 The ________ reef is home to thousands of different sea creatures. A. coral B. reef C. rock D. stone 42. reef /riːf/ 单词填空 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 The beautiful coral ________ (reef) provide food and shelter for many tropical fish in the ocean. 43. penguin /ˈpeŋɡwɪn/ 任务型转换 原文: Penguins live in cold places and cannot fly like other birds. 题干: 根据原文句意，在空格处填入一个适当的词。 ________ live in cold places and cannot fly like other birds. 44. ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ 首字母填空 根据句意及首字母提示填单词。 A healthy e________ depends on a balance between all living things. 45. climate /ˈklaɪmət/ 单项选择 The ________ in this area is warm and wet, perfect for growing rice. A. climate B. weather C. temperature D. environment 46. set up 单项选择 The government plans to ________ more nature reserves to protect wildlife. A. put up B. bring up C. hold up D. set up 47. balanced /ˈbælənst/ 任务型转换 原文: Eating a balanced diet every day is important for maintaining good health and energy. 题干: 根据原文句意，在空格处填入一个适当的词。 Eating a ________ diet every day is important for maintaining good health and energy. 48. knowledge /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/ 首字母填空 根据句意及首字母提示填单词。 Reading books is a good way to gain k________ about the world. 49. wastewater /ˈweɪstwɔːtə(r)/ 单项选择 The factory must treat its ________ before releasing it into the river. A. wastewater B. sewage C. rubbish D. garbage 50. environment-friendly /ɪnˌvaɪrənmənt ˈfrendli/ 单词填空 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 Using reusable bags is an ________ (environment) choice that helps reduce waste. 51. sir /sɜː(r)/ 任务型转换 原文: "Excuse me, sir, could you help me?" she asked the shop assistant politely. 题干: 根据原文句意，在空格处填入一个适当的词。 "Excuse me, ________, could you help me?" she asked the shop assistant politely. 52. madam /ˈmædəm/ 首字母填空 根据句意及首字母提示填单词。 "Can I help you, m________?" the shop assistant asked with a smile. 53. kill /kɪl/ 单项选择 The medicine will ________ the bacteria and cure the infection quickly. A. killed B. killing C. kills D. kill 54. solve /sɒlv/ 单词填空 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 He succeeded in ________ (solve) the difficult problem before anyone else could figure it out. 55. environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/ 任务型转换 原文: We should all support environmental protection to save our planet for future generations. 题干: 根据原文句意，在空格处填入一个适当的词。 We should all support ________ protection to save our planet for future generations. 一、综合单词填空 1. The ________ (海绵块) is used to clean the kitchen counter and wipe away spills. 2. Wearing a seat belt can ________ (防止，阻止) serious injuries during a car accident on the highway. 3. The price of the ticket will ________ (包括) a free meal and a small souvenir. 4. There are many beautiful fish swimming in the ________ (池塘) behind our school. 5. The ________ (珊瑚) in this area is famous for its bright colours and beautiful shapes. 6. A healthy ________ (生态系统) depends on a balance between all living things in the area. 7. Water, rocks, and sunlight are all ________ (非生物的) things found in a healthy forest ecosystem. 8. The bridge can safely carry up to one ________ (吨) of weight at a time. 9. We decided to ________ (停留，逗留) at the hotel for two more days because of the heavy rain. 10. The new sports hall can ________ (容纳；拿着；举行) up to three thousand people for large events. 11. It was raining heavily; ________ (因此), the school decided to cancel the outdoor sports meeting. 12. The factory must treat its ________ (废水) before releasing it into the nearby river. 13. Green plants ________ (吸收；使落入险境) sunlight and turn it into energy for growth. 14. Excuse me, ________ (先生), could you please tell me how to get to the station? 15. The birds found ________ (躲避处；罩子) under the large trees during the heavy storm. 16. Most owls sleep during the ________ (白天) and hunt for food at night. 17. Can I help you, ________ (女士)? the shop assistant asked with a friendly smile. 18. The national park is famous for its rich ________ (野生生物) and beautiful natural scenery. 19. The city is located in the ________ (东北；东北方的；向东北方) of the country near the border. 20. Smoking too much can ________ (伤害，损害) your health and lead to serious diseases. 21. The students organised an ________ (环境的) protection campaign to clean up the local river. 22. Eating too much junk food can ________ (使发生，造成，导致) serious health problems for teenagers. 23. The classroom became too ________ (充满噪声的，吵闹的) for students to concentrate on their reading. 24. The ________ (湿地) near our village is home to many rare birds and fish. 25. Climate change has become a hot ________ (话题) that everyone is talking about recently. 26. Please ________ (返回，回去，回来) the library books before the due date to avoid paying fines. 27. The teacher asked us to ________ (创建，创造) a short story about our summer holiday. 28. The heavy storm did not ________ (损害，毁坏) any houses in our village last night. 29. Our school has installed a new computer ________ (系统；体系) that is much faster than before. 30. The doctor said the medicine will ________ (杀死) the bacteria and cure the infection quickly. 31. The giant panda is a ________ (稀罕的，珍贵的) animal that lives only in China. 32. Smoking is ________ (有害的) to your health and can cause many serious diseases. 33. The doctor said one ________ (肺) was damaged and needed immediate treatment. 34. Using reusable shopping bags is an ________ (环保的，不损害环境的) choice that helps reduce waste. 35. The doctor advised her to keep a ________ (保持平衡的) diet by eating more vegetables. 36. Please ________ (贮存) the food in the fridge to keep it fresh for a longer time. 37. There were ________ (大约) fifty people waiting in line when the shop opened this morning. 38. The doctor said one ________ (肾脏) was damaged and needed immediate treatment. 39. Reading books is a good way to gain ________ (知识) about the world around us. 40. When the ________ (coral) were first reported, few people could have predicted the scale of the disruption they would cause. 41. ________ (sad), the old bridge collapsed during the storm and no one could cross the river. 42. The documentary shows the ________ (wild) of Africa, including lions, elephants and rare birds. 43. The report says that over ten ________ (ton) of waste were collected from the river last month. 44. The factory must treat its ________ (waste) before releasing it into the river. 45. She is good at ________ (solve) math problems, so her classmates often ask her for help. 46. The village is located in the ________ (north-east) part of the country, where winters are long and cold. 47. It is widely acknowledged that healthy ________ (lung) are more important than talent alone for a singer's career. 48. The doctor suggested that the patient should avoid ________ (stay) up late every night. 49. She has gained a lot of ________ (knowledge) about science from reading various books. 50. The doctor found that both of his ________ (kidney) were working normally after the examination. 51. Although she had been warned about the cold, she was still excited to see the ________ (penguin) on the ice. 52. What prompted the management to keep ________ (cause) trouble was their unwillingness to listen to advice. 53. The government plans to protect more ________ (wetland) because they are home to many rare birds. 54. The incident served as a stark reminder of why it is so important to keep ________ (store) safety protocols properly. 55. The factory has developed more ________ (environment) ways to produce paper without harming nature. 56. After the heavy rain, the path became so ________ (mud) that we could hardly walk through it. 57. The professor urged his students not merely to avoid ________ (damage) the environment, but to take action to protect it. 58. The teacher encouraged the students to practice ________ (trap) the main idea while reading quickly. 59. Smoking is ________ (harm) to your health, so you should give it up as soon as possible. 60. The kitchen is full of dirty ________ (sponge) that need to be washed or thrown away. 61. Modern transport ________ (system) make it easier for people to travel between cities. 62. Smoking is ________ (harm) to your health, so you should give it up immediately. 63. The price of the ticket is 50 yuan, ________ (include) a free drink and a small gift. 64. She tried to keep a ________ (balance) diet by eating more vegetables and less meat. 65. The community came together to prevent the pollution from ________ (lead) to more serious problems. 66. What the audience found most ________ (noise) was the loud talking from the back of the hall. 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Passage 1: Understanding the Human Body and Nature Have you ever thought about how the human body is like a tiny natural world? Just as there are (1)___ animals on Earth like the giant panda and the snow leopard, our bodies have special parts that are truly amazing. For example, the (2)___ is an organ that works like a natural filter. Every day, it cleans about 180 litres of blood and removes waste materials from our body. (3)___ , it is very important to keep this organ healthy by drinking enough water and avoiding too much salt in our food. Another interesting fact is that our body can (4)___ energy in different ways, just like how nature stores energy in plants and animals. In nature, scientists divide everything into two groups: living things and (5)___ things. Water, rocks, sunlight, and air are all non-living parts of an ecosystem. All of these parts work together in perfect harmony to keep us alive and healthy. (1) A. rare B. rarely C. environment-friendly D. rareness (2) A. kidney B. kidneys C. liver D. livers (3) A. therefore B. thus C. hence D. consequently (4) A. stored B. stores C. store D. storing (5) A. inanimate B. non-living C. lifeless D. inert Passage 2: The Environmental Science Class Last week, our school invited an environmental scientist to give us a talk. She had studied pollution for over twenty years, (1)___ she knew a lot about how human activities affect the natural world. She came to our school during the (2)___ and spoke to all the Grade 8 students in the school hall. Her talk focused on (3)___ problems such as air pollution, water pollution, and climate change. She told us that the most serious (4)___ people should care about is the melting of ice in the Arctic and Antarctic regions. In her opinion, greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide are the main things that (5)___ global warming. She explained that when we burn coal and oil, carbon dioxide is released into the air and traps heat from the sun. After the talk, many students said they wanted to do more to protect the environment. (1) A. thus B. hence C. consequently D. therefore (2) A. daylight B. daytime C. sunshine D. morning (3) A. balanced B. environmentally C. environmental D. environmentalness (4) A. topics B. theme C. topic D. themes (5) A. causes B. causing C. cause D. caused Passage 3: The Pond Ecosystem Study Our biology teacher took us to a small park near the school to study the ecosystem of a pond, and (1)___ we could see how nature really works with our own eyes instead of just reading about it in textbooks. The (2)___ was full of life. We saw frogs, dragonflies, and small fish among the plants. Our teacher said that gaining real (3)___ about nature is the best way to understand how important it is to protect the environment. She told us that, (4)___ , many ponds in our country have disappeared in recent years because of pollution and city development. These ponds used to be homes for hundreds of different species. Our teacher also taught us that wetlands like ponds can (5)___ large amounts of water during heavy rains, which helps to prevent flooding in nearby areas. After the visit, I decided to join the school's nature club. (1) A. therefore B. thus C. hence D. consequently (2) A. ponds B. pond C. lake D. lakes (3) A. knowledge B. wisdom C. understanding D. insight (4) A. sadly B. around C. sad D. sadness (5) A. stores B. store C. storing D. stored Passage 4: Water Pollution and Health Clean water is one of the most important things for our health. Doctors say that the (1)___ is one of the first organs to be affected when people drink polluted water. This organ helps clean our blood, but dirty water can damage it badly. It is actually quite (2)___ to find a river or lake today that has not been affected by human activities in some way. Drinking polluted water can also bring (3)___ chemicals into our body that may slowly damage our health. For example, the (4)___ can also be hurt when people breathe in chemical fumes from heavily polluted water sources. In many cities, (5)___ from factories is often dumped directly into rivers without proper cleaning. A study showed that (6)___ 70% of rivers in some developing areas are no longer safe for drinking or swimming. Near many industrial zones, the water treatment plants operate in a (7)___ environment, with machines running day and night to clean the dirty water before it can be released back into nature. Environmental groups are now calling for stricter laws to make sure that factories treat their waste properly before letting it flow into rivers and lakes. Everyone has a part to play in keeping our water clean and protecting our health for the future. (1) A. kidney B. kidneys C. liver D. livers (2) A. rarely B. rareness C. rare D. noisy (3) A. harmfulness B. harmful C. harm D. harmfully (4) A. lungs B. lung C. heart D. hearts (5) A. sewage B. effluent C. wastewater D. runoff (6) A. about B. nearby C. near D. around (7) A. noisyness B. harmful C. noisy D. noisily Passage 5: The Waste Problem Every day, the world produces huge amounts of waste. The main types of waste (1)___ plastic, food waste, paper, and chemicals from factories. Scientists have found that some chemicals can even damage the (2)___, which is a very important organ that helps clean the blood in our body. Researchers say that (3)___ 8 million tons of plastic end up in the ocean every single year. This number may seem hard to believe, but the truth is that (4)___ the world, people throw away enough plastic every year to circle the Earth four times. Many people do not realize that their daily habits can (5)___ serious environmental damage over time. For example, a single plastic bag takes hundreds of years to break down in nature. Factories also produce a huge (6)___ of waste every day, and much of it ends up in landfills where it can pollute the soil and underground water. Some waste materials can (7)___ heat and warm up the local environment, which makes the situation even worse in summer. Perhaps the most dangerous kind of waste is (8)___ chemical waste from factories. These chemicals can kill fish in rivers and make the water unsafe for people to drink. Governments around the world are now trying to find better ways to deal with the growing waste problem before it is too late. (1) A. include B. includes C. including D. included (2) A. kidneys B. kidney C. liver D. livers (3) A. nearness B. near C. nearly D. therefore (4) A. around B. about C. nearby D. near (5) A. caused B. cause C. causing D. causes (6) A. tons B. tonne C. ton D. tonnes (7) A. traping B. trap C. traps D. traped (8) A. harmful B. harmfulness C. harm D. harmfully Passage 6: The Coral Reef Expedition Last summer, a team of marine biologists went on a special expedition to study a coral (1)___ in the South China Sea. Their main goal was to find ways to (2)___ further damage to this beautiful underwater world. The coral reef is much more than just colourful rocks — it is a complex (3)___ that supports thousands of different species of fish, sea plants, and other ocean creatures. The team spent (4)___ two weeks diving and collecting data about the health of the reef. After the expedition, they promised to (5)___ every year to check on the progress of their protection work. During their study, they found that the (6)___ at the bottom of the reef was much thicker than it should be, which blocked sunlight from reaching the corals. This harmed the (7)___ that depends on the reef for food and shelter. Interestingly, the healthiest part of the reef was found in the (8)___ area of the sea, where there was less shipping traffic and fewer tourists. The team also discovered a (9)___ type of sea turtle that had never been seen in this area before. After returning home, the scientists decided to (10)___ on their findings and publish a report. They hope that their work will help governments make better decisions about protecting coral reefs all over the world. (1) A. reefs B. shoal C. reef D. shoals (2) A. preventing B. prevents C. prevented D. prevent (3) A. systems B. network C. networks D. system (4) A. about B. nearby C. near D. around (5) A. returned B. returns C. return D. returning (6) A. clay B. soil C. dirt D. mud (7) A. forest B. habitat C. wildlife D. nature (8) A. south-west B. north-east C. north-west D. south-east (9) A. environment-friendly B. rarely C. rareness D. rare (10) A. acting B. act C. acted D. acts Passage 7: The Wetland Park Last weekend, our class visited the city's new Wetland Park. When we arrived, the first thing we noticed was the thick (1)___ along the edge of the water, full of tiny footprints left by birds and small animals. The wetland is a rich (2)___ that provides a home for more than 200 species of birds, fish, and insects. However, pollution from nearby factories could (3)___ many of these living things if nothing is done to stop it. The (4)___ covers an area of about 500 hectares, making it one of the largest protected wetland areas in our province. The park ranger warned us that (5)___ chemicals from the factories have already caused some damage to the water quality. These pollutants (6)___ heavy metals and other dangerous materials that can build up in the food chain over time. For an ecosystem to stay (7)___, every part must work properly — from the smallest plant to the largest bird of prey. The government has now set up new rules to (8)___ factories from dumping wastewater into the wetland. Without these rules, the factories would continue to (9)___ the environment, and (10)___ we must all do our part to protect this valuable natural treasure. After the visit, I realized how important it is to care for our local ecosystems. Every small action counts. (1) A. clay B. soil C. dirt D. mud (2) A. ecosystems B. habitat C. ecosystem D. habitats (3) A. kill B. killing C. killed D. kills (4) A. wetland B. wetlands C. marsh D. marshes (5) A. harmfulness B. harmful C. harm D. harmfully (6) A. included B. include C. including D. includes (7) A. balanced B. rare C. balancedly D. balancedness (8) A. prevent B. prevents C. preventing D. prevented (9) A. harm B. harming C. harmed D. harms (10) A. therefore B. thus C. hence D. consequently 三、首字母篇章填空 根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入适当的单词。 Passage 1: The Wetland Field Trip Last Monday, our geography class went on a field trip to a nature reserve. We left school very early in the morning and walked for n________(1) three hours before we finally reached the protected area. The guide, a friendly woman who worked as a park ranger, used a s________(2) to show us how to take water samples from the pond. She said that e________(3) education is very important because people cannot protect what they do not understand. The w________(4) we visited was home to many rare birds and beautiful plants that we had never seen before. After the tour, a kind m________(5) who was one of the volunteers at the reserve gave us a short talk about the history of the wetland. We walked carefully because the m________(6) near the water was very soft and slippery after the rain the night before. The guide explained that the wetland is like a natural s________(7), where water, soil, plants, and animals all work together in perfect harmony. She warned that too much pollution could l________(8) to the death of many fish and birds in the area. Human activities can d________(9) the fragile wetland ecosystem in just a few years if no one cares. On our way back, the bus drove towards the n________(10) part of the province, where the next nature reserve is being planned. It was a meaningful trip that taught us the value of protecting nature. (1). n________ (2). s________ (3). e________ (4). w________ (5). m________ (6). m________ (7). s________ (8). l________ (9). d________ (10). n________ Passage 2: The Antarctic Adventure My uncle is a scientist who studies climate change, and last year he went on an amazing trip to Antarctica. He wanted to find out what human activities c________(1) climate change and how it affects the ice at the South Pole. The most wonderful animal he saw was the p________(2), which lives in large groups and can survive even in the coldest weather on Earth. He told me that scientists must a________(3) quickly because the ice is melting faster than ever before. He took n________(4) a thousand photos on his journey, capturing everything from giant icebergs to tiny snowflakes under the microscope. The thick snow and ice that c________(5) most of the Antarctic continent reflect sunlight and help keep our planet cool. He said that the cold, dry air was actually very good for his l________(6) and helped his breathing become much clearer. The research station was not n________(7) at all — the wind howled day and night, making it hard to sleep. When spring came, the m________(8) and ice on the ground began to melt, creating small pools of water all around the station. This experience would l________(9) my uncle to spend the next three years writing a book about the polar regions. He said the Antarctic s________(10) is very fragile and even small changes can have big effects on the entire planet. I hope one day I can visit Antarctica myself. (1). c________ (2). p________ (3). a________ (4). n________ (5). c________ (6). l________ (7). n________ (8). m________ (9). l________ (10). s________ Passage 3: Climate Change Discussion Our science teacher organized a class discussion about climate change last Friday. She began by saying that k________(1) is the most powerful tool we have to fight against environmental problems. One student raised her hand and asked if rising temperatures would k________(2) all the fish in the ocean. The teacher shook her head and said a friendly s________(3) from the research institute had told her that the situation is serious but not hopeless. She went on to i________(4) many examples of things we can do, such as recycling more and using less electricity at home. She also suggested e________(5) ways of living, like using cloth bags instead of plastic ones and walking to school. She showed us a video about w________(6) from a textile factory that had turned a clear river into a dark and smelly waterway. Later, she used a s________(7) in the classroom to demonstrate how water pollution actually works on a small scale. Another concern was the l________(8) damage caused by air pollution in big cities, where many people have trouble breathing. She mentioned that the c________(9) of the Arctic has been changing faster than scientists expected just ten years ago. At the end, she encouraged us to s________(10) curious and keep learning about these important topics. Everyone left the classroom feeling more hopeful and more responsible for taking care of our planet. (1). k________ (2). k________ (3). s________ (4). i________ (5). e________ (6). w________ (7). s________ (8). l________ (9). c________ (10). s________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 7 The natural world 重点单词考点练习 一、逐词练习（55题） 二、综合单词填空（66题）— 39题中译英 + 27题单词变形 三、完形填空（7篇50题） Passage 1-3: 各5题 | Passage 4: 7题 | Passage 5: 8题 Passage 6-7: 各10题 四、首字母填空（3篇30题）— 每篇10空 1. wetland /ˈwetlænd/ 单项选择 The ________ is home to many different kinds of birds and fish. A. wetland B. wetlands C. forest D. forests 【答案】A 【翻译】湿地是许多不同种类的鸟和鱼的家园。 【考点解析】 考查wetland（湿地）的用法。根据句意和语境，空处应填wetland，其他选项为词形干扰项。 A. wetland（湿地）— 正确。 B. wetlands（湿地复数）— 词形不符，The 后接单数。 C. forest（森林）— 词义相近（栖息地）。 D. forests（森林复数）— 词形不符。 2. include /ɪnˈkluːd/ 单词填空 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 There are many services ________ (include) breakfast, free Wi-Fi, and a swimming pool for guests. 【答案】including 【翻译】有许多服务包括早餐、免费Wi-Fi和游泳池供客人使用。 【考点解析】 include 的现在分词形式 including，作介词表示包括，引出列举的内容。 3. non-living /ˌnɒn ˈlɪvɪŋ/ 任务型转换 原文: Water, rocks, and sunlight are all non-living things in the forest ecosystem. 题干: 根据原文句意，在空格处填入一个适当的词。 Water, rocks, and sunlight are all ________ things in the forest ecosystem. 【答案】non-living 【翻译】原文：水、岩石和阳光都是森林生态系统中的非生物。 题干：森林生态系统中的水、岩石和阳光都属于没有生命的物质。 【考点解析】 考查non-living。原文与题干形成同义改写关系，根据句意填入non-living表示非生物的。 4. pond /pɒnd/ 首字母填空 根据句意及首字母提示填单词。 There are some beautiful fish swimming in the p________ in our garden. 【答案】pond 【翻译】我们花园的池塘里有漂亮的鱼在游。 【考点解析】 根据首字母p和上下文语境，填入pond（池塘）。 5. around /əˈraʊnd/ 单项选择 There were ________ fifty people waiting at the meeting room this morning. A. around B. exactly C. mostly D. hardly 【答案】A 【翻译】今天上午大约有五十人在会议室等候。 【考点解析】 考查around的用法。根据句意和语境，空处应填around表示大约，其他选项为词形干扰项。 A. around（大约）— 正确，符合此处语境。 B. exactly（恰好）— 词义不符此处语境，此处表约数。 C. mostly（主要地）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. hardly（几乎不）— 词义不符此处语境。 6. hold /həʊld/ 单词填空 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 The new sports hall is ________ (hold) a major event that can seat two thousand people. 【答案】holding 【翻译】新体育馆正在举办一场可容纳两千人的重大活动。 【考点解析】 hold 的现在分词形式 holding，构成现在进行时 is holding，表示正在举办。 7. return /rɪˈtɜːn/ 任务型转换 原文: Please return the books to the library before the due date. 题干: 根据原文句意，在空格处填入一个适当的词。 Please ________ the books to the library before the due date. 【答案】return 【翻译】原文：请在到期日前把书还给图书馆。 题干：图书到期之前，请记得归还到图书馆。 【考点解析】 考查return（返回，回去，回来）的用法。原文与题干形成同义改写关系，根据原文句意和上下文语境，空处应填return。 8. get rid of /ɡet rɪd əv/ 单词填空 根据句意及中文提示填单词。 We need to ________ (清除) these old newspapers to make room for new ones. 【答案】get rid of 【翻译】我们需要清理这些旧报纸来腾出空间放新的。 【考点解析】 考查get rid of（清除；摆脱）的词形转换。根据句子结构，需要将清除转换为get rid of，注意词性和语境的对应关系。 9. prevent /prɪˈvent/ 单项选择 Wearing a helmet can ________ serious head injuries in an accident. A. prevent B. preventing C. prevents D. prevented 【答案】A 【翻译】戴头盔可以防止事故中严重的头部伤害。 【考点解析】 考查prevent（防止，阻止）的用法。根据句意和语境，空处应填prevent，其他选项为词形干扰项。 A. prevent（阻止）— 正确，符合此处语境。 B. preventing（阻止）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 C. prevents（阻止）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 D. prevented（阻止了）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 10. store /stɔː(r)/ 单词填空 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 Please start ________ (store) the food in the fridge to keep it fresh for longer. 【答案】storing 【翻译】请开始把食物存放在冰箱里，以保持更长时间的新鲜。 【考点解析】 store 的动名词形式 storing，start doing sth 结构，表示开始做某事。 11. sponge /spʌndʒ/ 任务型转换 原文: She used a wet sponge to clean the dirty kitchen counter after dinner. 题干: 根据原文句意，在空格处填入一个适当的词。 She used a wet ________ to clean the dirty kitchen counter after dinner. 【答案】sponge 【翻译】原文：她用一块湿海绵擦干净了晚饭后脏兮兮的厨房台面。 题干：晚饭后她拿一块湿海绵把脏的厨房操作台擦干净了。 【考点解析】 考查sponge。原文与题干形成同义改写关系，根据句意填入sponge表示海绵块。 12. act /ækt/ 首字母填空 根据句意及首字母提示填单词。 The medicine will a________ quickly to reduce the pain in your back. 【答案】act 【翻译】这种药会很快起作用，减轻你背部的疼痛。 【考点解析】 根据首字母a和上下文语境，填入act（起作用；行动；扮演）。 13. kidney /ˈkɪdni/ 单项选择 A healthy ________ filters waste from the blood and produces urine. A. kidney B. kidneys C. liver D. livers 【答案】A 【翻译】健康的肾脏过滤血液中的废物并产生尿液。 【考点解析】 考查kidney（肾脏）的用法。根据句意和语境，空处应填kidney，其他选项为词形干扰项。 A. kidney（肾脏）— 正确。 B. kidneys（肾脏复数）— 词形不符，A healthy 后接单数。 C. liver（肝脏）— 词义相近（器官）。 D. livers（肝脏复数）— 词形不符。 14. nearly /ˈnɪəli/ 单词填空 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 The meeting lasted ________ (near) three hours and everyone in the room was exhausted. 【答案】nearly 【翻译】会议持续了近三个小时，房间里的每个人都精疲力尽。 【考点解析】 考查nearly的词形转换。near需加-ly变为副词nearly，修饰数字three表示将近。 15. carbon dioxide /ˌkɑːbən daɪˈɒksaɪd/ 任务型转换 原文: Green plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen during the process of photosynthesis. 题干: 根据原文句意，在空格处填入一个适当的词。 Green plants absorb ________ and release oxygen during the process of photosynthesis. 【答案】carbon dioxide 【翻译】原文：绿色植物在光合作用过程中吸收二氧化碳并释放氧气。 题干：植物进行光合作用时，会吸入二氧化碳并放出氧气。 【考点解析】 考查carbon dioxide。原文与题干形成同义改写关系，根据句意填入carbon dioxide表示二氧化碳。 16. trap /træp/ 首字母填空 根据句意及首字母提示填单词。 Plants t________ sunlight and turn it into energy for growth. 【答案】trap 【翻译】植物吸收阳光并转化为生长所需的能量。 【考点解析】 根据首字母t和上下文语境，填入trap（吸收；使落入险境）。 17. harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/ 单项选择 Smoking is ________ to your health and can cause many serious diseases. A. harmfully B. harmfulness C. harmful D. harm 【答案】C 【翻译】吸烟对健康有害，会导致许多严重的疾病。 【考点解析】 考查harmful（有害的）的用法。根据句意和语境，空处应填harmful，其他选项为词形干扰项。 A. harmfully（有害地）— 词性不符，此处需要形容词形式。 B. harmfulness（有害性）— 词性不符，此处需要形容词形式。 C. harmful（有害的）— 正确，符合此处语境。 D. harm（伤害）— 词性不符，此处需要形容词形式。 18. therefore /ˈðeəfɔː(r)/ 单项选择 It was raining heavily all day; ________, the football match was finally cancelled. A. however B. moreover C. meanwhile D. therefore 【答案】D 【翻译】整天都在下大雨，因此足球比赛最终被取消了。 【考点解析】 考查therefore的用法。根据句意和语境，空处应填therefore表示因此，其他选项为词形干扰项。 A. however（然而）— 词义不符此处语境，表转折。 B. moreover（而且）— 词义不符此处语境，表递进。 C. meanwhile（同时）— 词义不符此处语境，表同时。 D. therefore（因此）— 正确，符合此处语境，表因果。 19. lung /lʌŋ/ 任务型转换 原文: Smoking can cause serious damage to your lungs over time. 题干: 根据原文句意，在空格处填入一个适当的词。 Smoking can cause serious damage to your ________ over time. 【答案】lung 【翻译】原文：吸烟会随着时间的推移对肺造成严重损害。 题干：长期吸烟会严重伤害你的肺部。 【考点解析】 考查lung（肺）的用法。原文与题干形成同义改写关系，根据原文句意和上下文语境，空处应填lung。 20. slow down 单词填空 根据句意及中文提示填单词。 You need to ________ (减速) when driving in heavy rain on the narrow mountain road. 【答案】slow down 【翻译】在狭窄的山路上暴雨中开车需要减速。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入slow down，意为减速。slow down在此处作不定式，表示放慢速度。 21. sadly /ˈsædli/ 单项选择 ________, many wild animals are losing their homes because of deforestation. A. therefore B. sadness C. sad D. sadly 【答案】D 【翻译】不幸的是，由于森林砍伐，许多野生动物正在失去家园。 【考点解析】 考查sadly（不幸地；悲伤地）的用法。根据句意和语境，空处应填sadly，其他选项为词形干扰项。 A. therefore（因此）— 词义不符此处语境。 B. sadness（悲伤）— 词性不符，此处需要副词形式。 C. sad（悲伤的）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. sadly（悲伤地）— 正确，符合此处语境。 22. ton /tʌn/ 单词填空 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 The bridge can carry up to ten ________ (ton) of weight safely. 【答案】tons 【翻译】这座桥可以安全承载多达十吨的重量。 【考点解析】 ton 的复数形式 tons，ten 后接可数名词复数，表示十吨。 23. harm /hɑːm/ 任务型转换 原文: Too much screen time can cause harm to your eyes over time. 题干: 根据原文句意，在空格处填入一个适当的词。 Too much screen time can cause ________ to your eyes over time. 【答案】harm 【翻译】原文：长时间看屏幕会逐渐损害你的眼睛。 题干：长期盯着屏幕看，会对眼睛造成伤害。 【考点解析】 考查harm（伤害，损害）的用法。原文与题干形成同义改写关系，根据原文句意和上下文语境，空处应填harm。 24. wildlife /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/ 首字母填空 根据句意及首字母提示填单词。 The national park is famous for its rich w________ and beautiful scenery. 【答案】wildlife 【翻译】这个国家公园以其丰富的野生生物和美丽的风景而闻名。 【考点解析】 根据首字母w和上下文语境，填入wildlife（野生生物）。 25. topic /ˈtɒpɪk/ 单项选择 Climate change is a hot ________ that everyone is talking about these days. A. topic B. topics C. subject D. subjects 【答案】A 【翻译】气候变化是最近大家都在讨论的热门话题。 【考点解析】 考查topic（话题）的用法。根据句意和语境，空处应填topic，其他选项为词形干扰项。 A. topic（话题）— 正确。 B. topics（话题复数）— 词形不符，a hot 后接单数。 C. subject（主题）— 词义相近。 D. subjects（主题复数）— 词形不符。 26. quite a few 单项选择 There were ________ people waiting in line when we arrived at the cinema. A. quite a few B. a few C. few D. little 【答案】A 【翻译】我们到电影院时，有相当多的人在排队。 【考点解析】 考查quite a few（相当多，不少）的用法。根据句意和语境，空处应填quite a few，其他选项为词形干扰项。 A. quite a few（相当多）— 正确，符合此处语境，表数量多。 B. a few（几个）— 词义不符此处语境，数量不足以排长队。 C. few（很少）— 词义相反，此处表否定。 D. little（几乎没有）— 词形不符，little 修饰不可数名词。 27. noisy /ˈnɔɪzi/ 任务型转换 原文: The classroom was too noisy for the students to concentrate on their work. 题干: 根据原文句意，在空格处填入一个适当的词。 The classroom was too ________ for the students to concentrate on their work. 【答案】noisy 【翻译】原文：教室太吵了，学生们无法集中注意力做功课。 题干：教室里噪声太大，学生们没法专心学习。 【考点解析】 考查noisy（充满噪声的，吵闹的）的用法。原文与题干形成同义改写关系，根据原文句意和上下文语境，空处应填noisy。 28. system /ˈsɪstəm/ 首字母填空 根据句意及首字母提示填单词。 Our school has a new computer s________ that is much faster than the old one. 【答案】system 【翻译】我们学校有了一台新电脑系统，比旧的快很多。 【考点解析】 根据首字母s和上下文语境，填入system（系统；体系）。 29. cause /kɔːz/ 单项选择 Smoking cigarettes can ________ lung cancer and other serious health problems for adults. A. cause B. causes C. caused D. causing 【答案】A 【翻译】吸烟会导致成年人肺癌和其他严重的健康问题。 【考点解析】 考查cause的用法。根据句意和语境，空处应填cause表示导致，其他选项为词形干扰项。 A. cause（导致）— 正确，符合此处语境。 B. causes（导致）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 C. caused（导致了）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. causing（导致）— 词义不符此处语境。 30. damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ 单词填空 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 The ________ (damage) houses in the village need to be repaired before winter comes. 【答案】damaged 【翻译】村里受损的房屋需要在冬天到来之前修缮。 【考点解析】 damage 的过去分词形式 damaged，作形容词修饰 houses，表示受损的。 31. north-east /ˌnɔːθ ˈiːst/ 任务型转换 原文: The city is located in the north-east of China, near the border. 题干: 根据原文句意，在空格处填入一个适当的词。 The city is located in the ________ of China, near the border. 【答案】north-east 【翻译】原文：这座城市位于中国东北部，靠近边境。 题干：这座城市地处中国东北地区，毗邻边境线。 【考点解析】 考查north-east（东北；东北方的；向东北方）的用法。原文与题干形成同义改写关系，根据原文句意和上下文语境，空处应填north-east。 32. cover /ˈkʌvə(r)/ 首字母填空 根据句意及首字母提示填单词。 Animals find c________ under trees and rocks during heavy rain. 【答案】cover 【翻译】动物在大雨中会在树下和岩石下寻找躲避处。 【考点解析】 根据首字母c和上下文语境，填入cover（躲避处；罩子）。 33. rare /reə(r)/ 单项选择 The giant panda is a ________ animal that lives only in China. A. rareness B. rare C. rarely D. noisy 【答案】B 【翻译】大熊猫是一种只生活在中国境内的珍稀动物。 【考点解析】 考查rare（稀罕的，珍贵的）的用法。根据句意和语境，空处应填rare，其他选项为词形干扰项。 A. rareness（稀有性）— 词性不符，此处需要形容词形式。 B. rare（稀有的）— 正确，符合此处语境。 C. rarely（稀有地）— 词性不符，此处需要形容词形式。 D. noisy（吵闹的）— 词义不符此处语境。 34. red-crowned crane /ˌred kraʊnd kreɪn/ 单项选择 The ________ is known for its red patch on top of its head. A. giant panda B. red-crowned crane C. polar bear D. blue whale 【答案】B 【翻译】丹顶鹤以头顶的红色斑块而闻名。 【考点解析】 考查red-crowned crane（丹顶鹤）的用法。根据句意和语境，空处应填red-crowned crane，其他选项为词形干扰项。 A. giant panda（大熊猫）— 词义不符此处语境，大熊猫头顶无红斑。 B. red-crowned crane（丹顶鹤）— 正确，符合此处语境，丹顶鹤头顶有红斑。 C. polar bear（北极熊）— 词义不符此处语境，北极熊头顶无红斑。 D. blue whale（蓝鲸）— 词义不符此处语境，蓝鲸头顶无红斑。 35. stay /steɪ/ 任务型转换 原文: We decided to stay at home and watch a movie tonight. 题干: 根据原文句意，在空格处填入一个适当的词。 We decided to ________ at home and watch a movie tonight. 【答案】stay 【翻译】原文：我们决定今晚待在家里看电影。 题干：今晚我们选择留在家里看部电影。 【考点解析】 考查stay（停留，逗留）的用法。原文与题干形成同义改写关系，根据原文句意和上下文语境，空处应填stay。 36. daytime /ˈdeɪtaɪm/ 首字母填空 根据句意及首字母提示填单词。 Owls sleep during the d________ and hunt for food at night. 【答案】daytime 【翻译】猫头鹰白天睡觉，晚上出来觅食。 【考点解析】 根据首字母d和上下文语境，填入daytime（白天）。 37. lead /liːd/ 单项选择 Eating too much sugar can ________ to health problems like diabetes. A. leading B. leads C. lead D. leaded 【答案】C 【翻译】吃太多糖会导致糖尿病等健康问题。 【考点解析】 考查lead（造成（后果））的用法。根据句意和语境，空处应填lead，其他选项为词形干扰项。 A. leading（引导）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 B. leads（引导）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 C. lead（引导）— 正确，符合此处语境。 D. leaded（引导了）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 38. lead to 单项选择 His careless driving ________ a serious accident on the highway last week. A. led to B. leads to C. leading to D. lead to 【答案】A 【翻译】他粗心的驾驶上周在高速公路上导致了一场严重事故。 【考点解析】 考查lead to（导致）的用法。根据句意和语境，空处应填lead to，其他选项为词形干扰项。 A. led to（导致）— 正确，事情发生在上周，需要用过去时。 B. leads to（导致）— 词形不符，此处需要过去时。 C. leading to（导致）— 词形不符，此处需要过去时。 D. lead to（导致）— 词形不符，此处需要过去时。 39. mud /mʌd/ 任务型转换 原文: After the rain, the football field was covered in mud. 题干: 根据原文句意，在空格处填入一个适当的词。 After the rain, the football field was covered in ________. 【答案】mud 【翻译】原文：雨后，足球场被泥覆盖了。 题干：下完雨后，足球场上全是泥浆。 【考点解析】 考查mud（泥，淤泥，泥浆）的用法。原文与题干形成同义改写关系，根据原文句意和上下文语境，空处应填mud。 40. create /kriˈeɪt/ 首字母填空 根据句意及首字母提示填单词。 The teacher asked us to c________ a story about our summer holiday. 【答案】create 【翻译】老师让我们创作一个关于暑假的故事。 【考点解析】 根据首字母c和上下文语境，填入create（创建，创造）。 41. coral /ˈkɒrəl/ 单项选择 The ________ reef is home to thousands of different sea creatures. A. coral B. reef C. rock D. stone 【答案】A 【翻译】珊瑚礁是数千种不同海洋生物的家园。 【考点解析】 考查coral（珊瑚）的用法。根据句意和语境，空处应填coral，其他选项为词形干扰项。 A. coral（珊瑚）— 正确，coral reef。 B. reef（礁）— 词义相近。 C. rock（岩石）— 词义相近。 D. stone（石头）— 词义相近。 42. reef /riːf/ 单词填空 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 The beautiful coral ________ (reef) provide food and shelter for many tropical fish in the ocean. 【答案】reefs 【翻译】美丽的珊瑚礁为海洋中许多热带鱼提供食物和庇护所。 【考点解析】 reef 的复数形式 reefs，谓语动词 provide 为复数形式，主语也用复数。 43. penguin /ˈpeŋɡwɪn/ 任务型转换 原文: Penguins live in cold places and cannot fly like other birds. 题干: 根据原文句意，在空格处填入一个适当的词。 ________ live in cold places and cannot fly like other birds. 【答案】penguin 【翻译】原文：企鹅生活在寒冷的地方，不能像其他鸟一样飞行。 题干：企鹅栖息于严寒地带，它们不会像别的鸟类那样飞翔。 【考点解析】 考查penguin（企鹅）的用法。原文与题干形成同义改写关系，根据原文句意和上下文语境，空处应填penguin。 44. ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ 首字母填空 根据句意及首字母提示填单词。 A healthy e________ depends on a balance between all living things. 【答案】ecosystem 【翻译】健康的生态系统取决于所有生物之间的平衡。 【考点解析】 根据首字母e和上下文语境，填入ecosystem（生态系统）。 45. climate /ˈklaɪmət/ 单项选择 The ________ in this area is warm and wet, perfect for growing rice. A. climate B. weather C. temperature D. environment 【答案】A 【翻译】这个地区的气候温暖湿润，非常适合种水稻。 【考点解析】 考查climate（气候）的用法。根据句意和语境，空处应填climate，其他选项为词形干扰项。 A. climate（气候）— 正确。 B. weather（天气）— 词义相近。 C. temperature（温度）— 词义相近。 D. environment（环境）— 词义相近。 46. set up 单项选择 The government plans to ________ more nature reserves to protect wildlife. A. put up B. bring up C. hold up D. set up 【答案】D 【翻译】政府计划建立更多自然保护区来保护野生生物。 【考点解析】 考查set up（建立）的用法。根据句意和语境，空处应填set up，其他选项为词形干扰项。 A. put up（搭建）— 词义不符此处语境。 B. bring up（抚养）— 词义不符此处语境。 C. hold up（阻挡）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. set up（建立）— 正确，符合此处语境，建立自然保护区。 47. balanced /ˈbælənst/ 任务型转换 原文: Eating a balanced diet every day is important for maintaining good health and energy. 题干: 根据原文句意，在空格处填入一个适当的词。 Eating a ________ diet every day is important for maintaining good health and energy. 【答案】balanced 【翻译】原文：每天保持均衡饮食对维持健康和精力很重要。 题干：保持每天均衡饮食对身体健康和精力充沛至关重要。 【考点解析】 考查balanced。原文与题干形成同义改写关系，根据句意填入balanced表示均衡的。 48. knowledge /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/ 首字母填空 根据句意及首字母提示填单词。 Reading books is a good way to gain k________ about the world. 【答案】knowledge 【翻译】读书是获取世界知识的好方法。 【考点解析】 根据首字母k和上下文语境，填入knowledge（知识）。 49. wastewater /ˈweɪstwɔːtə(r)/ 单项选择 The factory must treat its ________ before releasing it into the river. A. wastewater B. sewage C. rubbish D. garbage 【答案】A 【翻译】工厂必须在排放前处理废水。 【考点解析】 考查wastewater（废水）的用法。根据句意和语境，空处应填wastewater，其他选项为词形干扰项。 A. wastewater（废水）— 正确。 B. sewage（污水）— 词义相近。 C. rubbish（垃圾）— 词义相近。 D. garbage（垃圾）— 词义相近。 50. environment-friendly /ɪnˌvaɪrənmənt ˈfrendli/ 单词填空 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 Using reusable bags is an ________ (environment) choice that helps reduce waste. 【答案】environment-friendly 【翻译】使用环保袋是一种有助于减少废物的环保选择。 【考点解析】 考查environment-friendly（环保的，不损害环境的）的词形转换。根据句子结构，需要将environment转换为environment-friendly，注意词性和语境的对应关系。 51. sir /sɜː(r)/ 任务型转换 原文: "Excuse me, sir, could you help me?" she asked the shop assistant politely. 题干: 根据原文句意，在空格处填入一个适当的词。 "Excuse me, ________, could you help me?" she asked the shop assistant politely. 【答案】sir 【翻译】原文："打扰一下，先生，您能帮帮我吗？"她礼貌地问店员。 题干："先生，不好意思，能麻烦您帮个忙吗？"她很有礼貌地询问店员。 【考点解析】 考查sir（先生）的用法。原文与题干形成同义改写关系，根据原文句意和上下文语境，空处应填sir。 52. madam /ˈmædəm/ 首字母填空 根据句意及首字母提示填单词。 "Can I help you, m________?" the shop assistant asked with a smile. 【答案】madam 【翻译】"女士，需要帮忙吗？"店员微笑着问。 【考点解析】 根据首字母m和上下文语境，填入madam（女士）。 53. kill /kɪl/ 单项选择 The medicine will ________ the bacteria and cure the infection quickly. A. killed B. killing C. kills D. kill 【答案】D 【翻译】这种药会杀死细菌并快速治愈感染。 【考点解析】 考查kill（杀死）的用法。根据句意和语境，空处应填kill，其他选项为词形干扰项。 A. killed（杀死了）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 B. killing（杀死）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 C. kills（杀死）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 D. kill（杀死）— 正确，符合此处语境。 54. solve /sɒlv/ 单词填空 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 He succeeded in ________ (solve) the difficult problem before anyone else could figure it out. 【答案】solving 【翻译】他在别人想出来之前就成功解决了这个难题。 【考点解析】 solve 的动名词形式 solving，succeed in doing sth 结构，表示成功做某事。 55. environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/ 任务型转换 原文: We should all support environmental protection to save our planet for future generations. 题干: 根据原文句意，在空格处填入一个适当的词。 We should all support ________ protection to save our planet for future generations. 【答案】environmental 【翻译】原文：我们都应该支持环境保护，为子孙后代拯救地球。 题干：为了后代，我们应当积极支持环保事业来拯救地球。 【考点解析】 考查environmental。原文与题干形成同义改写关系，根据句意填入environmental表示环境的。 考点补充练习 一、综合单词填空 1. The ________ (海绵块) is used to clean the kitchen counter and wipe away spills. 【答案】sponge 【翻译】这块海绵被用来擦拭厨房台面和清理洒出的液体。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入名词sponge，意为海绵块。sponge在此处作主语，指清洁用的海绵。 2. Wearing a seat belt can ________ (防止，阻止) serious injuries during a car accident on the highway. 【答案】prevent 【翻译】系安全带可以在高速公路车祸中防止严重伤害。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入动词prevent，意为防止/阻止。prevent后接名词injuries，表示防止伤害。 3. The price of the ticket will ________ (包括) a free meal and a small souvenir. 【答案】include 【翻译】门票价格将包含一份免费餐点和一个小的纪念品。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入动词include，意为包括。include在此处作谓语，表示价格包含的内容。 4. There are many beautiful fish swimming in the ________ (池塘) behind our school. 【答案】pond 【翻译】我们学校后面的池塘里有很多美丽的鱼在游来游去。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入名词pond，意为池塘。pond指小池塘，常用于学校或花园中。 5. The ________ (珊瑚) in this area is famous for its bright colours and beautiful shapes. 【答案】coral 【翻译】这个地区的珊瑚以其鲜艳的颜色和美丽的形状而闻名。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入名词coral，意为珊瑚。coral在此处作主语，是不可数名词。 6. A healthy ________ (生态系统) depends on a balance between all living things in the area. 【答案】ecosystem 【翻译】健康的生态系统依赖于该地区所有生物之间的平衡。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入名词ecosystem，意为生态系统。ecosystem指生物群落与环境的统一整体。 7. Water, rocks, and sunlight are all ________ (非生物的) things found in a healthy forest ecosystem. 【答案】non-living 【翻译】水、岩石和阳光都是健康森林生态系统中常见的非生物。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入形容词non-living，意为非生物的。non-living修饰things，指没有生命的物质。 8. The bridge can safely carry up to one ________ (吨) of weight at a time. 【答案】ton 【翻译】这座桥一次最多可以安全承载一吨的重量。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入名词ton，意为吨。ton是重量单位，one后用单数ton。 9. We decided to ________ (停留，逗留) at the hotel for two more days because of the heavy rain. 【答案】stay 【翻译】因为大雨我们决定在酒店多住两天。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入动词stay，意为停留/逗留。stay在此处作不定式，表示在酒店停留。 10. The new sports hall can ________ (容纳；拿着；举行) up to three thousand people for large events. 【答案】hold 【翻译】新体育馆可以容纳多达三千人参加大型活动。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入动词hold，意为容纳。hold在此处表示场馆的容纳能力。 11. It was raining heavily; ________ (因此), the school decided to cancel the outdoor sports meeting. 【答案】therefore 【翻译】雨下得很大，因此学校决定取消户外运动会。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入副词therefore，意为因此。therefore表因果关系，连接前后两个分句。 12. The factory must treat its ________ (废水) before releasing it into the nearby river. 【答案】wastewater 【翻译】工厂必须先处理废水，然后才能排入附近的河流。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入名词wastewater，意为废水。wastewater指工业或生活产生的污水。 13. Green plants ________ (吸收；使落入险境) sunlight and turn it into energy for growth. 【答案】trap 【翻译】绿色植物吸收阳光并将其转化为生长所需的能量。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入动词trap，意为吸收。trap在此处指植物捕获光能。 14. Excuse me, ________ (先生), could you please tell me how to get to the station? 【答案】sir 【翻译】打扰一下，先生，请问去火车站怎么走？ 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入名词sir，意为先生。sir是对男性的礼貌称呼，常用于客气的询问中。 15. The birds found ________ (躲避处；罩子) under the large trees during the heavy storm. 【答案】cover 【翻译】暴风雨期间鸟儿们在大树下找到了躲避处。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入名词cover，意为躲避处/罩子。cover在此处作宾语，指遮蔽物。 16. Most owls sleep during the ________ (白天) and hunt for food at night. 【答案】daytime 【翻译】大多数猫头鹰白天睡觉，晚上出来觅食。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入名词daytime，意为白天。daytime指日间时段，与night相对。 17. Can I help you, ________ (女士)? the shop assistant asked with a friendly smile. 【答案】madam 【翻译】店员带着友好的微笑问道：女士，需要帮忙吗？ 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入名词madam，意为女士。madam是对女性的尊称，常用于服务场合。 18. The national park is famous for its rich ________ (野生生物) and beautiful natural scenery. 【答案】wildlife 【翻译】国家公园以其丰富的野生生物和美丽的自然风光而闻名。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入名词wildlife，意为野生生物。wildlife是不可数名词，指野生动植物的总称。 19. The city is located in the ________ (东北；东北方的；向东北方) of the country near the border. 【答案】north-east 【翻译】这座城市位于该国东北部，靠近边境。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入名词north-east，意为东北。north-east表示方位，指东北方向。 20. Smoking too much can ________ (伤害，损害) your health and lead to serious diseases. 【答案】harm 【翻译】吸烟过多会损害你的健康，并导致严重的疾病。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入动词harm，意为伤害/损害。harm在此处作谓语，后接宾语health。 21. The students organised an ________ (环境的) protection campaign to clean up the local river. 【答案】environmental 【翻译】学生们组织了一场环保宣传活动来清理当地河流。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入形容词environmental，意为环境的。environmental修饰protection，表示环境保护。 22. Eating too much junk food can ________ (使发生，造成，导致) serious health problems for teenagers. 【答案】cause 【翻译】吃太多垃圾食品会导致青少年严重的健康问题。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入动词cause，意为导致。cause后接名词短语，表示引起某种结果。 23. The classroom became too ________ (充满噪声的，吵闹的) for students to concentrate on their reading. 【答案】noisy 【翻译】教室变得太吵了，学生们无法集中注意力阅读。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入形容词noisy，意为吵闹的。too...to...结构中too后接形容词，noisy修饰classroom。 24. The ________ (湿地) near our village is home to many rare birds and fish. 【答案】wetland 【翻译】我们村附近的湿地是许多珍稀鸟类和鱼类的家园。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入名词wetland，意为湿地。wetland指沼泽、湖泊等水域生态系统。 25. Climate change has become a hot ________ (话题) that everyone is talking about recently. 【答案】topic 【翻译】气候变化已成为最近大家都在讨论的热门话题。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入名词topic，意为话题。a hot topic表示热门话题。 26. Please ________ (返回，回去，回来) the library books before the due date to avoid paying fines. 【答案】return 【翻译】请在到期日前归还图书馆的书籍以避免罚款。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入动词return，意为归还。return在此处表示归还物品，后接宾语books。 27. The teacher asked us to ________ (创建，创造) a short story about our summer holiday. 【答案】create 【翻译】老师让我们创作一个关于暑假的短篇故事。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入动词create，意为创建/创造。create后接宾语story，表示创作故事。 28. The heavy storm did not ________ (损害，毁坏) any houses in our village last night. 【答案】damage 【翻译】昨晚的暴风雨没有毁坏我们村里的任何房屋。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入动词damage，意为损害/毁坏。damage在此处作谓语，后接宾语houses。 29. Our school has installed a new computer ________ (系统；体系) that is much faster than before. 【答案】system 【翻译】我们学校安装了一套新的电脑系统，比以前快了很多。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入名词system，意为系统。computer system表示计算机系统，作宾语。 30. The doctor said the medicine will ________ (杀死) the bacteria and cure the infection quickly. 【答案】kill 【翻译】医生说这种药会杀死细菌并快速治愈感染。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入动词kill，意为杀死。kill在此处作谓语，后接宾语bacteria。 31. The giant panda is a ________ (稀罕的，珍贵的) animal that lives only in China. 【答案】rare 【翻译】大熊猫是一种只生活在中国境内的珍稀动物。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入形容词rare，意为稀罕的/珍贵的。rare修饰animal，表示稀有动物。 32. Smoking is ________ (有害的) to your health and can cause many serious diseases. 【答案】harmful 【翻译】吸烟对健康有害，会导致许多严重的疾病。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入形容词harmful，意为有害的。be harmful to是固定搭配，表示对...有害。 33. The doctor said one ________ (肺) was damaged and needed immediate treatment. 【答案】lung 【翻译】医生说一个肺受损了，需要立即治疗。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入名词lung，意为肺。one后接单数名词，lung在此处作从句主语。 34. Using reusable shopping bags is an ________ (环保的，不损害环境的) choice that helps reduce waste. 【答案】environment-friendly 【翻译】使用可重复使用的购物袋是一种环保的选择，有助于减少废物。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入形容词environment-friendly，意为环保的。修饰名词choice，表示环保的选择。 35. The doctor advised her to keep a ________ (保持平衡的) diet by eating more vegetables. 【答案】balanced 【翻译】医生建议她通过多吃蔬菜来保持均衡的饮食。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入形容词balanced，意为保持平衡的。a balanced diet表示均衡饮食。 36. Please ________ (贮存) the food in the fridge to keep it fresh for a longer time. 【答案】store 【翻译】请把食物存放在冰箱里以延长保鲜时间。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入动词store，意为贮存。store后接宾语food，表示储存食物。 37. There were ________ (大约) fifty people waiting in line when the shop opened this morning. 【答案】around 【翻译】今天早上商店开门时大约有五十人在排队等候。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入副词around，意为大约。around修饰数字fifty，表示大约的数量。 38. The doctor said one ________ (肾脏) was damaged and needed immediate treatment. 【答案】kidney 【翻译】医生说一个肾脏受损，需要立即治疗。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入名词kidney，意为肾脏。one后接单数名词，kidney在此处作从句主语。 39. Reading books is a good way to gain ________ (知识) about the world around us. 【答案】knowledge 【翻译】读书是获取关于周围世界知识的好方法。 【考点解析】 根据中文提示填入名词knowledge，意为知识。gain knowledge表示获取知识，knowledge是不可数名词。 40. When the ________ (coral) were first reported, few people could have predicted the scale of the disruption they would cause. 【答案】corals 【翻译】当珊瑚礁首次被报道时，很少有人能预料到它会对社区日常生活造成多大影响。 【考点解析】 考查coral（珊瑚）的复数形式。句中谓语动词were及they提示主语需用复数corals。 41. ________ (sad), the old bridge collapsed during the storm and no one could cross the river. 【答案】sadly 【翻译】不幸的是，旧桥在暴风雨中倒塌了，没人能过河。 【考点解析】 考查sad的副词形式sadly。句首需要副词修饰整个句子，sad加-ly变为sadly，表示不幸地。 42. The documentary shows the ________ (wild) of Africa, including lions, elephants and rare birds. 【答案】wildlife 【翻译】这部纪录片展示了非洲的野生生物，包括狮子、大象和珍稀鸟类。 【考点解析】 考查wildlife（野生生物）的用法。根据括号内提示wild及句意，应填复合名词wildlife，表示野生动物的总称。 43. The report says that over ten ________ (ton) of waste were collected from the river last month. 【答案】tons 【翻译】报告称上个月从这条河里清理了十多吨垃圾。 【考点解析】 考查ton（吨）的复数形式。前面有ten修饰，故用复数tons。 44. The factory must treat its ________ (waste) before releasing it into the river. 【答案】wastewater 【翻译】这家工厂必须处理其废水，然后才能排入河中。 【考点解析】 考查wastewater（废水）的构词。根据括号内waste及句意，应填wastewater，由waste和water组合而成。 45. She is good at ________ (solve) math problems, so her classmates often ask her for help. 【答案】solving 【翻译】她擅长解决数学问题，所以同学们经常向她求助。 【考点解析】 考查solve（解决；解答）的动名词形式。be good at后接动词-ing形式，故填solving。 46. The village is located in the ________ (north-east) part of the country, where winters are long and cold. 【答案】north-eastern 【翻译】这个村庄位于该国的东北部，那里冬季漫长而寒冷。 【考点解析】 考查north-east（东北）的形容词形式。修饰名词part需用形容词north-eastern，意为“东北部的”。 47. It is widely acknowledged that healthy ________ (lung) are more important than talent alone for a singer's career. 【答案】lungs 【翻译】人们普遍认为，对歌手的事业来说，健康的肺比天赋 alone 更重要。 【考点解析】 考查lung（肺）的复数形式。谓语动词are及句意提示主语为复数，故填lungs。 48. The doctor suggested that the patient should avoid ________ (stay) up late every night. 【答案】staying 【翻译】医生建议病人避免每天晚上熬夜。 【考点解析】 考查stay（停留，逗留）的动名词形式。avoid后接动词-ing形式，故填staying。 49. She has gained a lot of ________ (knowledge) about science from reading various books. 【答案】knowledge 【翻译】她通过阅读各种书籍获得了很多关于科学的知识。 【考点解析】 考查knowledge的用法。knowledge是不可数名词，a lot of后接不可数名词，表示大量知识。 50. The doctor found that both of his ________ (kidney) were working normally after the examination. 【答案】kidneys 【翻译】医生检查后发现他的两个肾脏都运转正常。 【考点解析】 考查kidney（肾脏）的复数形式。both of后接可数名词复数，故填kidneys。 51. Although she had been warned about the cold, she was still excited to see the ________ (penguin) on the ice. 【答案】penguins 【翻译】尽管她被提醒过天气寒冷，但看到冰上的企鹅时她仍然很兴奋。 【考点解析】 考查penguin（企鹅）的复数形式。句中无冠词限定，且指多只企鹅，故填penguins。 52. What prompted the management to keep ________ (cause) trouble was their unwillingness to listen to advice. 【答案】causing 【翻译】管理层不断制造麻烦的原因是他们不愿意听取建议。 【考点解析】 考查cause（使发生，造成，导致）的动名词形式。keep后接动词-ing形式，表示“持续做某事”，故填causing。 53. The government plans to protect more ________ (wetland) because they are home to many rare birds. 【答案】wetlands 【翻译】政府计划保护更多湿地，因为它们是许多珍稀鸟类的家园。 【考点解析】 考查wetland（湿地）的复数形式。more后接可数名词复数，且后面用they指代，故填wetlands。 54. The incident served as a stark reminder of why it is so important to keep ________ (store) safety protocols properly. 【答案】storing 【翻译】这起事件 stark 提醒我们，妥善保存安全规程是多么重要。 【考点解析】 考查store（贮存）的动名词形式。keep后接动词-ing形式，表示“持续做某事”，故填storing。 55. The factory has developed more ________ (environment) ways to produce paper without harming nature. 【答案】environment-friendly 【翻译】这家工厂研发出了更多不损害自然的环保造纸方法。 【考点解析】 考查environment的复合形容词形式environment-friendly。修饰名词ways需用形容词，environment加friendly构成environment-friendly。 56. After the heavy rain, the path became so ________ (mud) that we could hardly walk through it. 【答案】muddy 【翻译】大雨过后，小路变得泥泞不堪，我们几乎无法通行。 【考点解析】 考查mud（泥，淤泥，泥浆）的形容词形式。become后接形容词作表语，故填muddy，意为“泥泞的”。 57. The professor urged his students not merely to avoid ________ (damage) the environment, but to take action to protect it. 【答案】damaging 【翻译】教授敦促学生们不仅要避免破坏环境，还要采取行动保护它。 【考点解析】 考查damage（损害，毁坏）的动名词形式。avoid后接动词-ing形式，故填damaging。 58. The teacher encouraged the students to practice ________ (trap) the main idea while reading quickly. 【答案】trapping 【翻译】老师鼓励学生们在快速阅读时练习捕捉主旨大意。 【考点解析】 考查trap（吸收；使落入险境）的动名词形式。practice后接动词-ing形式，故填trapping。 59. Smoking is ________ (harm) to your health, so you should give it up as soon as possible. 【答案】harmful 【翻译】吸烟有害健康，所以你应该尽快戒烟。 【考点解析】 考查harm（伤害，损害）的形容词形式。be harmful to为固定搭配，意为“对……有害”，故填harmful。 60. The kitchen is full of dirty ________ (sponge) that need to be washed or thrown away. 【答案】sponges 【翻译】厨房里堆满了需要清洗或扔掉的脏海绵。 【考点解析】 考查sponge（海绵块）的复数形式。句中无冠词且that从句谓语为need，提示先行词为复数，故填sponges。 61. Modern transport ________ (system) make it easier for people to travel between cities. 【答案】systems 【翻译】现代交通系统使人们在城市之间出行更加便捷。 【考点解析】 考查system（系统；体系）的复数形式。谓语动词make为原形，提示主语为复数，故填systems。 62. Smoking is ________ (harm) to your health, so you should give it up immediately. 【答案】harmful 【翻译】吸烟对健康有害，所以你应该立即戒烟。 【考点解析】 考查harm的形容词形式harmful。be harmful to为固定搭配，harm加-ful变形容词harmful。 63. The price of the ticket is 50 yuan, ________ (include) a free drink and a small gift. 【答案】including 【翻译】票价是50元，包含一杯免费饮料和一份小礼物。 【考点解析】 考查include（包括）的现在分词形式。此处用介词including引出包含的内容，故填including。 64. She tried to keep a ________ (balance) diet by eating more vegetables and less meat. 【答案】balanced 【翻译】她试图通过多吃蔬菜、少吃肉来保持均衡饮食。 【考点解析】 考查balanced（保持平衡的）的用法。修饰名词diet需用形容词balanced，a balanced diet意为“均衡饮食”。 65. The community came together to prevent the pollution from ________ (lead) to more serious problems. 【答案】leading 【翻译】社区齐心协力，防止污染导致更严重的问题。 【考点解析】 考查lead（造成（后果））的动名词形式。prevent ... from后接动词-ing形式，故填leading。 66. What the audience found most ________ (noise) was the loud talking from the back of the hall. 【答案】noisy 【翻译】观众觉得最吵闹的是大厅后方传来的大声说话声。 【考点解析】 考查noise（噪声）的形容词形式。find后接“宾语+形容词”结构，故填noisy，意为“吵闹的”。 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Passage 1: Understanding the Human Body and Nature Have you ever thought about how the human body is like a tiny natural world? Just as there are (1)___ animals on Earth like the giant panda and the snow leopard, our bodies have special parts that are truly amazing. For example, the (2)___ is an organ that works like a natural filter. Every day, it cleans about 180 litres of blood and removes waste materials from our body. (3)___ , it is very important to keep this organ healthy by drinking enough water and avoiding too much salt in our food. Another interesting fact is that our body can (4)___ energy in different ways, just like how nature stores energy in plants and animals. In nature, scientists divide everything into two groups: living things and (5)___ things. Water, rocks, sunlight, and air are all non-living parts of an ecosystem. All of these parts work together in perfect harmony to keep us alive and healthy. (1) A. rare B. rarely C. environment-friendly D. rareness (2) A. kidney B. kidneys C. liver D. livers (3) A. therefore B. thus C. hence D. consequently (4) A. stored B. stores C. store D. storing (5) A. inanimate B. non-living C. lifeless D. inert 【答案】1.A 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.B 【语篇解析】本文围绕 "Understanding the Human Body and Nature" 展开，考生需把握文章主旨，结合上下文语境理解空格处所需词汇的含义、搭配与情感色彩。 1. 【翻译】就像地球上有像大熊猫和雪豹这样的稀有动物一样，我们的身体也有真正令人惊叹的特殊部分。 【考点解析】 空格前 there are 和空格后 animals 提示需要形容词修饰 animals。根据 giant panda 和 snow leopard 都是珍稀动物，此处填 rare。A项 rare 为形容词正确修饰 animals；B项 rarely 为副词不能修饰名词；C项 environment-friendly 语义不符；D项 rareness 为名词不能直接修饰 animals。 A. rare（稀有的）— 正确，符合此处语境。 B. rarely（稀有地）— 词性不符，此处需要形容词形式。 C. environment-friendly（环保的）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. rareness（稀有性）— 词性不符，此处需要形容词形式。 2. 【翻译】例如，肾脏就像一个天然的过滤器，每天清洁约180升血液并清除体内的废物。 【考点解析】 空格前 the 和空格后 is an organ 提示需要单数名词作主语。根据 works like a natural filter 和 cleans blood 可知这是肾脏的功能，填 kidney。A项 kidney 为单数名词正确；B项 kidneys 为复数此处需要单数；C项 penguin 语义不符；D项 stay 为动词不能作 organ 的主语。 A. kidney（肾脏）— 正确，符合此处语境。 B. kidneys（肾脏(复)）— 词形不符，此处需要正确形式。 C. liver（肝脏）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. livers（肝脏(复)）— 词义不符此处语境。 3. 【翻译】因此，通过喝足够的水和避免食物中过多的盐分来保持这个器官的健康非常重要。 【考点解析】 空格位于句首修饰整句需要副词。根据前句讲述肾脏的重要功能，本句强调保持肾脏健康的做法，构成因果关系，填 therefore。A项 therefore 正确表因果；B项 sadly 语义不符；C项 around 语义不符；D项 nearly 语义不符。 A. therefore（因此）— 正确，符合此处语境。 B. thus（因此）— 词义不符此处语境。 C. hence（因此）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. consequently（因此）— 词义不符此处语境。 4. 【翻译】另一个有趣的事实是，我们的身体能以不同方式储存能量，就像自然界通过光合作用在植物中储存能量、通过脂肪在动物中储存能量一样。 【考点解析】 空格前 can 和空格后 energy 提示需要动词原形。根据 just like how nature stores energy 的类比，此处需要表示储存的动词，填 store。C项 store 为动词原形正确；A项 stored 为过去式不能放在 can 之后；B项 stores 为名词或第三人称单数；D项 storing 为现在分词。 A. stored（储存了）— 词义不符此处语境。 B. stores（商店）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 C. store（储存）— 正确，符合此处语境。 D. storing（储存）— 词义不符此处语境。 5. 【翻译】在自然界中，科学家将一切分为两大类——生物和非生物。水、岩石、阳光和空气都是生态系统中的非生物部分。 【考点解析】 空格后 things 为名词需要形容词修饰。根据前文 living things and 以及后文 Water, rocks, sunlight, and air are all non-living parts，此处填 non-living。B项 non-living 正确与 living 形成对比；A项 rare 语义不符；C项 environmental 语义不符；D项 environment-friendly 语义不符。 A. inanimate（无生命的）— 词义不符此处语境。 B. non-living（非生物的）— 正确，符合此处语境。 C. lifeless（无生命的）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. inert（惰性的）— 词义不符此处语境。 Passage 2: The Environmental Science Class Last week, our school invited an environmental scientist to give us a talk. She had studied pollution for over twenty years, (1)___ she knew a lot about how human activities affect the natural world. She came to our school during the (2)___ and spoke to all the Grade 8 students in the school hall. Her talk focused on (3)___ problems such as air pollution, water pollution, and climate change. She told us that the most serious (4)___ people should care about is the melting of ice in the Arctic and Antarctic regions. In her opinion, greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide are the main things that (5)___ global warming. She explained that when we burn coal and oil, carbon dioxide is released into the air and traps heat from the sun. After the talk, many students said they wanted to do more to protect the environment. (1) A. thus B. hence C. consequently D. therefore (2) A. daylight B. daytime C. sunshine D. morning (3) A. balanced B. environmentally C. environmental D. environmentalness (4) A. topics B. theme C. topic D. themes (5) A. causes B. causing C. cause D. caused 【答案】1.D 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.C 【语篇解析】本文围绕 "The Environmental Science Class" 展开，考生需把握文章主旨，结合上下文语境理解空格处所需词汇的含义、搭配与情感色彩。 1. 【翻译】她研究污染超过二十年，因此对人类活动如何影响自然世界非常了解。 【考点解析】 空格位于两个分句之间需要副词连接因果关系。前句讲她研究污染超过二十年，后句讲她极为了解影响，填 therefore。D项 therefore 正确；A项 sadly 语义不符；B项 around 语义不符；C项 nearly 语义不符。 A. thus（因此）— 词义不符此处语境。 B. hence（因此）— 词义不符此处语境。 C. consequently（因此）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. therefore（因此）— 正确，符合此处语境。 2. 【翻译】她在白天来到我们学校，在学校报告厅向所有八年级学生演讲。 【考点解析】 空格前 the 和空格后 spoke 提示需要名词表示时间。填 daytime，during the daytime 表示在白天。B项 daytime 正确；A项 system 语义不符；C项 penguin 语义不符；D项 cover 语义不符且不能表示时间。 A. daylight（日光）— 词义不符此处语境。 B. daytime（白天）— 正确，符合此处语境。 C. sunshine（阳光）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. morning（早晨）— 词义不符此处语境。 3. 【翻译】她的演讲重点是环境问题，如空气污染、水污染和气候变化。 【考点解析】 空格后 problems 为名词需要形容词修饰。根据 air pollution, water pollution, and climate change 可知都是环境相关的问题，填 environmental。C项 environmental 正确；A项 balanced 语义不符；B项 environmentally 为副词不能修饰名词；D项 environmentalness 为名词。 A. balanced（均衡的）— 词义不符此处语境。 B. environmentally（环境地）— 词性不符，此处需要形容词形式。 C. environmental（环境的）— 正确，符合此处语境。 D. environmentalness（环境性）— 词性不符，此处需要形容词形式。 4. 【翻译】她告诉我们人们应该关注的最严重的话题是北极和南极地区冰层的融化。 【考点解析】 空格前 the most serious 和空格后 people should care about 提示需要单数名词作主语。根据 melting of ice 这是演讲讨论的话题，填 topic。C项 topic 正确；A项 penguin 语义不符；B项 wetland 语义不符；D项 topics 为复数。 A. topics（主题(复)）— 词形不符，此处需要正确形式。 B. theme（主题）— 词义不符此处语境。 C. topic（主题）— 正确，符合此处语境。 D. themes（主题(复)）— 词义不符此处语境。 5. 【翻译】在她看来，像二氧化碳这样的温室气体是导致全球变暖的主要因素。 【考点解析】 空格位于定语从句 that 之后需要动词原形作谓语。根据 greenhouse gases 和 global warming，温室气体是导致全球变暖的原因，填 cause。C项 cause 正确；A项 causes 不匹配复数先行词 things；B项 causing 不能作谓语；D项 caused 时态不符。 A. causes（导致）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 B. causing（导致）— 词义不符此处语境。 C. cause（导致）— 正确，符合此处语境。 D. caused（导致了）— 词义不符此处语境。 Passage 3: The Pond Ecosystem Study Our biology teacher took us to a small park near the school to study the ecosystem of a pond, and (1)___ we could see how nature really works with our own eyes instead of just reading about it in textbooks. The (2)___ was full of life. We saw frogs, dragonflies, and small fish among the plants. Our teacher said that gaining real (3)___ about nature is the best way to understand how important it is to protect the environment. She told us that, (4)___ , many ponds in our country have disappeared in recent years because of pollution and city development. These ponds used to be homes for hundreds of different species. Our teacher also taught us that wetlands like ponds can (5)___ large amounts of water during heavy rains, which helps to prevent flooding in nearby areas. After the visit, I decided to join the school's nature club. (1) A. therefore B. thus C. hence D. consequently (2) A. ponds B. pond C. lake D. lakes (3) A. knowledge B. wisdom C. understanding D. insight (4) A. sadly B. around C. sad D. sadness (5) A. stores B. store C. storing D. stored 【答案】1.A 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.B 【语篇解析】本文围绕 "The Pond Ecosystem Study" 展开，考生需把握文章主旨，结合上下文语境理解空格处所需词汇的含义、搭配与情感色彩。 1. 【翻译】我们的生物老师带我们去学校附近的小公园研究池塘生态系统，因此我们可以亲眼看到自然如何运作，而不仅仅是从课本上阅读。 【考点解析】 空格位于 and 后、主句 we could see 之前需要副词连接因果关系。前因是老师带我们去，后果是亲眼看到，填 therefore。A项 therefore 正确；B项 nearly 语义不符；C项 around 语义不符；D项 sadly 语义与积极语境不符。 A. therefore（因此）— 正确，符合此处语境。 B. thus（因此）— 词义不符此处语境。 C. hence（因此）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. consequently（因此）— 词义不符此处语境。 2. 【翻译】池塘充满了生命——我们看到青蛙从睡莲叶上跳起，蜻蜓在水面上飞翔，小鱼在水草间游来游去。 【考点解析】 空格前 The 和空格后 was full of life 提示需要单数名词作主语。根据全文主题是池塘生态系统的研究，填 pond。B项 pond 正确；A项 sponge 不生活于池塘中；C项 kidney 为人体器官；D项 ponds 为复数。 A. ponds（池塘(复)）— 词形不符，此处需要正确形式。 B. pond（池塘）— 正确，符合此处语境。 C. lake（湖）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. lakes（湖(复)）— 词义不符此处语境。 3. 【翻译】老师说获取关于自然的真正知识是理解保护环境重要性的最好方式。 【考点解析】 空格前 gaining real 和空格后 about nature 提示需要名词作 gaining 的宾语。根据 to understand how important it is to protect the environment，此处强调知识的作用，填 knowledge。A项 knowledge 正确；B项 climate 语义不符；C项 knowledges 为错误复数；D项 sir 语义不符。 A. knowledge（知识）— 正确，符合此处语境。 B. wisdom（智慧）— 词义不符此处语境。 C. understanding（理解）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. insight（洞察）— 词义不符此处语境。 4. 【翻译】她告诉我们，令人悲伤的是，由于污染和城市发展，近年来我们国家的许多池塘已经消失了。 【考点解析】 空格为插入语修饰整句需要副词。根据 many ponds have disappeared，这是一个令人悲伤的事实，填 sadly。A项 sadly 正确；B项 around 语义不符；C项 sad 为形容词；D项 sadness 为名词。 A. sadly（悲伤地）— 正确，符合此处语境。 B. around（周围；大约）— 词义不符此处语境。 C. sad（悲伤的）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. sadness（悲伤）— 词性不符，此处需要副词形式。 5. 【翻译】老师还告诉我们，像池塘这样的湿地可以在大雨期间储存大量水，这有助于防止附近地区发生洪水。 【考点解析】 空格前 can 和空格后 large amounts of water 提示需要动词原形。根据 helps to prevent flooding，池塘储水功能，填 store。B项 store 为动词原形正确；A项 stores 为名词或第三人称单数；C项 storing 为现在分词；D项 stored 为过去式。 A. stores（商店）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 B. store（储存）— 正确，符合此处语境。 C. storing（储存）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. stored（储存了）— 词义不符此处语境。 Passage 4: Water Pollution and Health Clean water is one of the most important things for our health. Doctors say that the (1)___ is one of the first organs to be affected when people drink polluted water. This organ helps clean our blood, but dirty water can damage it badly. It is actually quite (2)___ to find a river or lake today that has not been affected by human activities in some way. Drinking polluted water can also bring (3)___ chemicals into our body that may slowly damage our health. For example, the (4)___ can also be hurt when people breathe in chemical fumes from heavily polluted water sources. In many cities, (5)___ from factories is often dumped directly into rivers without proper cleaning. A study showed that (6)___ 70% of rivers in some developing areas are no longer safe for drinking or swimming. Near many industrial zones, the water treatment plants operate in a (7)___ environment, with machines running day and night to clean the dirty water before it can be released back into nature. Environmental groups are now calling for stricter laws to make sure that factories treat their waste properly before letting it flow into rivers and lakes. Everyone has a part to play in keeping our water clean and protecting our health for the future. (1) A. kidney B. kidneys C. liver D. livers (2) A. rarely B. rareness C. rare D. noisy (3) A. harmfulness B. harmful C. harm D. harmfully (4) A. lungs B. lung C. heart D. hearts (5) A. sewage B. effluent C. wastewater D. runoff (6) A. about B. nearby C. near D. around (7) A. noisyness B. harmful C. noisy D. noisily 【答案】1.A 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.C 【语篇解析】本文围绕 "Water Pollution and Health" 展开，考生需把握文章主旨，结合上下文语境理解空格处所需词汇的含义、搭配与情感色彩。 1. 【翻译】医生说肾脏是最早受到饮用污染水影响的器官之一。 【考点解析】 空格前 the 和空格后 is one of the first organs 提示需要单数名词。根据 helps clean our blood，这个器官是肾脏，填 kidney。A项 kidney 正确；B项 penguin 语义不符；C项 kidneys 为复数；D项 madam 语义不符。 A. kidney（肾脏）— 正确，符合此处语境。 B. kidneys（肾脏(复)）— 词形不符，此处需要正确形式。 C. liver（肝脏）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. livers（肝脏(复)）— 词义不符此处语境。 2. 【翻译】如今要找到一条未以某种方式受人类活动影响的河流或湖泊其实是相当罕见的。 【考点解析】 空格位于 It is quite 之后需要形容词作表语。根据 find a river or lake that has not been affected 可知这在当今是罕见之事，填 rare。C项 rare 正确；A项 rarely 为副词不能作表语；B项 rareness 为名词；D项 noisy 语义不符。 A. rarely（稀有地）— 词性不符，此处需要形容词形式。 B. rareness（稀有性）— 词性不符，此处需要形容词形式。 C. rare（稀有的）— 正确，符合此处语境。 D. noisy（吵闹的）— 词义不符此处语境。 3. 【翻译】饮用污染水还会把有害化学物质带入我们体内，这些物质可能会慢慢损害我们的健康。 【考点解析】 空格后 chemicals 为名词需要形容词修饰。根据 may slowly damage our health，这些化学物质是有害的，填 harmful。B项 harmful 正确；A项 harmfulness 为名词；C项 harm 为名词或动词；D项 harmfully 为副词。 A. harmfulness（有害性）— 词性不符，此处需要形容词形式。 B. harmful（有害的）— 正确，符合此处语境。 C. harm（伤害）— 词性不符，此处需要形容词形式。 D. harmfully（有害地）— 词性不符，此处需要形容词形式。 4. 【翻译】例如，当人们吸入来自严重污染水源的化学烟雾时，肺部也可能受到伤害。 【考点解析】 空格前 the 和空格后 can also be hurt 提示需要单数名词作主语。根据 breathe in chemical fumes，受伤害的器官是肺，填 lung。B项 lung 正确；A项 lungs 为复数；C项 cover 语义不符；D项 pond 语义不符。 A. lungs（肺(复)）— 词形不符，此处需要正确形式。 B. lung（肺）— 正确，符合此处语境。 C. heart（心脏）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. hearts（心脏(复)）— 词义不符此处语境。 5. 【翻译】在许多城市，工厂的废水经常未经适当处理就直接排入河流。 【考点解析】 空格位于句首和后文 from factories 一起作主语需要名词。根据 dumped directly into rivers 和 without proper cleaning，工厂排入河流的是废水，填 wastewater。C项 wastewater 正确；A项 climate 语义不符；B项 knowledge 语义不符；D项 north-east 语义不符。 A. sewage（污水）— 词义不符此处语境。 B. effluent（废水）— 词义不符此处语境。 C. wastewater（废水）— 正确，符合此处语境。 D. runoff（径流）— 词义不符此处语境。 6. 【翻译】一项研究表明，在一些发展中地区，大约70%的河流已不再适合饮用或游泳。 【考点解析】 空格处修饰数字70%需要副词表示大约。填 around。D项 around 正确，around 70% 表示大约70%；A项 nearly 语义不符；B项 therefore 语义不符；C项 sadly 语义不符。 A. about（大约）— 词义不符此处语境。 B. nearby（附近）— 词义不符此处语境。 C. near（近）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. around（周围；大约）— 正确，符合此处语境。 7. 【翻译】在许多工业区附近，水处理厂在嘈杂的环境中运行，机器日夜不停地工作以处理污水。 【考点解析】 空格后 environment 为名词需要形容词修饰。根据 machines running day and night，这种环境应该是嘈杂的，填 noisy。C项 noisy 正确；A项 noisyness 为错误拼写；B项 harmful 语义不符；D项 noisily 为副词不能修饰名词。 A. noisyness（吵闹性）— 词性不符，此处需要形容词形式。 B. harmful（有害的）— 词义不符此处语境。 C. noisy（吵闹的）— 正确，符合此处语境。 D. noisily（吵闹地）— 词义不符此处语境。 Passage 5: The Waste Problem Every day, the world produces huge amounts of waste. The main types of waste (1)___ plastic, food waste, paper, and chemicals from factories. Scientists have found that some chemicals can even damage the (2)___, which is a very important organ that helps clean the blood in our body. Researchers say that (3)___ 8 million tons of plastic end up in the ocean every single year. This number may seem hard to believe, but the truth is that (4)___ the world, people throw away enough plastic every year to circle the Earth four times. Many people do not realize that their daily habits can (5)___ serious environmental damage over time. For example, a single plastic bag takes hundreds of years to break down in nature. Factories also produce a huge (6)___ of waste every day, and much of it ends up in landfills where it can pollute the soil and underground water. Some waste materials can (7)___ heat and warm up the local environment, which makes the situation even worse in summer. Perhaps the most dangerous kind of waste is (8)___ chemical waste from factories. These chemicals can kill fish in rivers and make the water unsafe for people to drink. Governments around the world are now trying to find better ways to deal with the growing waste problem before it is too late. (1) A. include B. includes C. including D. included (2) A. kidneys B. kidney C. liver D. livers (3) A. nearness B. near C. nearly D. therefore (4) A. around B. about C. nearby D. near (5) A. caused B. cause C. causing D. causes (6) A. tons B. tonne C. ton D. tonnes (7) A. traping B. trap C. traps D. traped (8) A. harmful B. harmfulness C. harm D. harmfully 【答案】1.A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 【语篇解析】本文围绕 "The Waste Problem" 展开，考生需把握文章主旨，结合上下文语境理解空格处所需词汇的含义、搭配与情感色彩。 1. 【翻译】废物的主要类型包括塑料、食物垃圾、纸张和工厂产生的化学品。 【考点解析】 空格处需要动词作谓语，主语 types 为复数。根据后文列举 plastic, food waste, paper, and chemicals 可知是包含的内容，填 include。A项 include 与复数主语匹配正确；B项 includes 不匹配复数主语；C项 including 不能单独作谓语；D项 included 时态不符。 A. include（包括）— 正确，符合此处语境。 B. includes（包括）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 C. including（包括）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. included（包括了）— 词义不符此处语境。 2. 【翻译】科学家发现某些化学物质甚至可能损害肾脏，这是一个非常重要的器官，帮助清洁我们体内的血液。 【考点解析】 空格前 the 和空格后 which is a very important organ 提示需要单数名词。根据 helps clean the blood，这个器官是肾脏，填 kidney。B项 kidney 正确；A项 north-east 语义不符；C项 kidneys 为复数；D项 wetland 语义不符。 A. kidneys（肾脏(复)）— 词形不符，此处需要正确形式。 B. kidney（肾脏）— 正确，符合此处语境。 C. liver（肝脏）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. livers（肝脏(复)）— 词义不符此处语境。 3. 【翻译】研究人员表示，每年将近800万吨塑料最终流入海洋。 【考点解析】 空格处修饰数字8 million需要副词。根据 huge amounts of waste 的语境强调数量之多，填 nearly。C项 nearly 正确；A项 nearness 为名词；B项 near 为形容词；D项 therefore 语义不符。 A. nearness（近）— 词性不符，此处需要副词形式。 B. near（近的）— 词性不符，此处需要副词形式。 C. nearly（几乎）— 正确，符合此处语境。 D. therefore（因此）— 词义不符此处语境。 4. 【翻译】这个数字似乎难以置信，但事实是世界各地人们每年丢弃的塑料足够环绕地球四圈。 【考点解析】 空格位于 the world 前需要介词或副词。around the world 表示世界各地为固定搭配，填 around。A项 around 正确；B项 therefore 语义不符；C项 sadly 语义不符；D项 nearly 语义不符。 A. around（周围；大约）— 正确，符合此处语境。 B. about（大约）— 词义不符此处语境。 C. nearby（附近）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. near（近）— 词义不符此处语境。 5. 【翻译】许多人没有意识到他们的日常习惯会随着时间的推移导致严重的环境损害。 【考点解析】 空格前 can 和空格后 serious environmental damage 提示需要动词原形。根据 daily habits 和 environmental damage，习惯导致损害，填 cause。B项 cause 正确；A项 caused 为过去式；C项 causing 为现在分词；D项 causes 为第三人称单数。 A. caused（导致了）— 词义不符此处语境。 B. cause（导致）— 正确，符合此处语境。 C. causing（导致）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. causes（导致）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 6. 【翻译】工厂每天也产生大量的废物，其中大部分最终进入垃圾填埋场，可能污染土壤和地下水。 【考点解析】 空格前 a huge 和空格后 of waste 提示需要单数名词构成量词短语。填 ton。C项 ton 正确；A项 pond 语义不符；B项 north-east 语义不符；D项 tons 为复数。 A. tons（吨(复)）— 词形不符，此处需要正确形式。 B. tonne（公吨）— 词义不符此处语境。 C. ton（吨）— 正确，符合此处语境。 D. tonnes（公吨(复)）— 词义不符此处语境。 7. 【翻译】一些废料会吸收热量并加热当地环境，这使得夏天的情况更加糟糕。 【考点解析】 空格前 can 和空格后 heat 提示需要动词原形。根据 warm up the local environment，废料吸收或困住热量，填 trap。B项 trap 正确；A项 traping 为错误拼写；C项 traps 为第三人称单数；D项 traped 为错误拼写。 A. traping（困住）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 B. trap（困住）— 正确，符合此处语境。 C. traps（陷阱）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 D. traped（困住了）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 8. 【翻译】也许最危险的一种废物是来自工厂的有害化学废物。 【考点解析】 空格后 chemical waste 为名词需要形容词修饰。根据 kill fish and make the water unsafe，这类废物是有害的，填 harmful。A项 harmful 正确；B项 harmfulness 为名词；C项 harm 为名词或动词；D项 harmfully 为副词。 A. harmful（有害的）— 正确，符合此处语境。 B. harmfulness（有害性）— 词性不符，此处需要形容词形式。 C. harm（伤害）— 词性不符，此处需要形容词形式。 D. harmfully（有害地）— 词性不符，此处需要形容词形式。 Passage 6: The Coral Reef Expedition Last summer, a team of marine biologists went on a special expedition to study a coral (1)___ in the South China Sea. Their main goal was to find ways to (2)___ further damage to this beautiful underwater world. The coral reef is much more than just colourful rocks — it is a complex (3)___ that supports thousands of different species of fish, sea plants, and other ocean creatures. The team spent (4)___ two weeks diving and collecting data about the health of the reef. After the expedition, they promised to (5)___ every year to check on the progress of their protection work. During their study, they found that the (6)___ at the bottom of the reef was much thicker than it should be, which blocked sunlight from reaching the corals. This harmed the (7)___ that depends on the reef for food and shelter. Interestingly, the healthiest part of the reef was found in the (8)___ area of the sea, where there was less shipping traffic and fewer tourists. The team also discovered a (9)___ type of sea turtle that had never been seen in this area before. After returning home, the scientists decided to (10)___ on their findings and publish a report. They hope that their work will help governments make better decisions about protecting coral reefs all over the world. (1) A. reefs B. shoal C. reef D. shoals (2) A. preventing B. prevents C. prevented D. prevent (3) A. systems B. network C. networks D. system (4) A. about B. nearby C. near D. around (5) A. returned B. returns C. return D. returning (6) A. clay B. soil C. dirt D. mud (7) A. forest B. habitat C. wildlife D. nature (8) A. south-west B. north-east C. north-west D. south-east (9) A. environment-friendly B. rarely C. rareness D. rare (10) A. acting B. act C. acted D. acts 【答案】1.C 2.D 3.D 4.D 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.B 【语篇解析】本文围绕 "The Coral Reef Expedition" 展开，考生需把握文章主旨，结合上下文语境理解空格处所需词汇的含义、搭配与情感色彩。 1. 【翻译】去年夏天，一支海洋生物学家团队进行了一次特殊探险，研究了南中国海的一个珊瑚礁。 【考点解析】 空格前 a coral 和空格后 in the South China Sea 提示需要单数名词。根据 marine biologists 和 underwater world，研究对象是珊瑚礁，填 reef。C项 reef 正确；A项 reefs 为复数；B项 wastewater 语义不符；D项 mud 语义不符。 A. reefs（礁石(复)）— 词形不符，此处需要正确形式。 B. shoal（浅滩）— 词义不符此处语境。 C. reef（礁石）— 正确，符合此处语境。 D. shoals（浅滩(复)）— 词义不符此处语境。 2. 【翻译】他们的主要目标是找到方法防止这个美丽的水下世界受到进一步的损害。 【考点解析】 空格前 to 和空格后 further damage 提示需要动词原形。根据保护珊瑚礁的上下文，目的是防止进一步损害，填 prevent。D项 prevent 正确；A项 preventing 为现在分词；B项 prevents 为第三人称单数；C项 prevented 为过去式。 A. preventing（阻止）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 B. prevents（阻止）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 C. prevented（阻止了）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 D. prevent（阻止）— 正确，符合此处语境。 3. 【翻译】珊瑚礁不仅仅是彩色的岩石——它是一个复杂的系统，支撑着成千上万种不同的鱼类、海生植物和其他海洋生物。 【考点解析】 空格前 a complex 和空格后 that supports thousands of different species 提示需要单数名词。描述珊瑚礁是一个复杂体系，填 system。D项 system 正确；A项 daytime 语义不符；B项 sir 语义不符；C项 systems 为复数。 A. systems（系统(复)）— 词形不符，此处需要正确形式。 B. network（网络）— 词义不符此处语境。 C. networks（网络(复)）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. system（系统）— 正确，符合此处语境。 4. 【翻译】团队花了大约两个星期潜水并收集有关珊瑚礁健康状况的数据。 【考点解析】 空格处修饰 two weeks 需要副词表示大约。填 around。D项 around 正确；A项 nearly 语义不符；B项 sadly 语义不符；C项 therefore 语义不符。 A. about（大约）— 词义不符此处语境。 B. nearby（附近）— 词义不符此处语境。 C. near（近）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. around（周围；大约）— 正确，符合此处语境。 5. 【翻译】探险结束后，他们承诺每年返回以检查保护工作的进展情况。 【考点解析】 空格前 to 和空格后 every year 提示需要动词原形。根据 check on the progress，承诺每年返回检查，填 return。C项 return 正确；A项 returned 为过去式；B项 returns 为第三人称单数；D项 returning 为现在分词。 A. returned（返回了）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 B. returns（返回）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 C. return（返回）— 正确，符合此处语境。 D. returning（返回）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 6. 【翻译】在研究期间，他们发现礁底的淤泥比应有的厚度厚得多，这阻挡了阳光照射到珊瑚。 【考点解析】 空格前 the 和空格后 at the bottom of the reef 提示需要名词。根据 much thicker 和 blocked sunlight，沉在礁底的是淤泥，填 mud。D项 mud 正确；A项 system 语义不符；B项 wastewater 语义不符；C项 muds 为错误复数。 A. clay（黏土）— 词义不符此处语境。 B. soil（土壤）— 词义不符此处语境。 C. dirt（泥土）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. mud（泥）— 正确，符合此处语境。 7. 【翻译】这伤害了依赖珊瑚礁获取食物和栖息地的野生生物。 【考点解析】 空格前 the 和空格后 that depends on the reef 提示需要名词。根据珊瑚礁生态系统的语境，依赖珊瑚礁的是野生生物，填 wildlife。C项 wildlife 正确；A项 wildlives 为不存在的复数形式；B项 lung 语义不符；D项 knowledge 语义不符。 A. forest（森林）— 词义不符此处语境。 B. habitat（栖息地）— 词义不符此处语境。 C. wildlife（野生动物）— 正确，符合此处语境。 D. nature（自然）— 词义不符此处语境。 8. 【翻译】有趣的是，珊瑚礁最健康的部分位于该海域的东北地区，那里航运较少、游客也较少。 【考点解析】 空格后 area 为名词需要修饰表示方位。根据 less shipping traffic and fewer tourists，填 north-east。B项 north-east 正确；A项 knowledge 语义不符；C项 kidney 语义不符；D项 ton 语义不符。 A. south-west（西南）— 词义不符此处语境。 B. north-east（东北）— 正确，符合此处语境。 C. north-west（西北）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. south-east（东南）— 词义不符此处语境。 9. 【翻译】团队还发现了一种以前在该地区从未见过的稀有海龟。 【考点解析】 空格后 type 为名词需要形容词修饰。根据 had never been seen in this area before，这种海龟是罕见的，填 rare。D项 rare 正确；A项 environment-friendly 语义不符；B项 rarely 为副词；C项 rareness 为名词。 A. environment-friendly（环保的）— 词义不符此处语境。 B. rarely（稀有地）— 词性不符，此处需要形容词形式。 C. rareness（稀有性）— 词性不符，此处需要形容词形式。 D. rare（稀有的）— 正确，符合此处语境。 10. 【翻译】回家后，科学家们决定根据他们的发现采取行动并发表一份报告。 【考点解析】 空格前 to 和空格后 on their findings 提示需要动词原形。根据 publish a report，科学家采取行动，填 act。B项 act 正确；A项 acting 为现在分词；C项 acted 为过去式；D项 acts 为第三人称单数。 A. acting（表演）— 词义不符此处语境。 B. act（表演；行动）— 正确，符合此处语境。 C. acted（表演了）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. acts（表演）— 词义不符此处语境。 Passage 7: The Wetland Park Last weekend, our class visited the city's new Wetland Park. When we arrived, the first thing we noticed was the thick (1)___ along the edge of the water, full of tiny footprints left by birds and small animals. The wetland is a rich (2)___ that provides a home for more than 200 species of birds, fish, and insects. However, pollution from nearby factories could (3)___ many of these living things if nothing is done to stop it. The (4)___ covers an area of about 500 hectares, making it one of the largest protected wetland areas in our province. The park ranger warned us that (5)___ chemicals from the factories have already caused some damage to the water quality. These pollutants (6)___ heavy metals and other dangerous materials that can build up in the food chain over time. For an ecosystem to stay (7)___, every part must work properly — from the smallest plant to the largest bird of prey. The government has now set up new rules to (8)___ factories from dumping wastewater into the wetland. Without these rules, the factories would continue to (9)___ the environment, and (10)___ we must all do our part to protect this valuable natural treasure. After the visit, I realized how important it is to care for our local ecosystems. Every small action counts. (1) A. clay B. soil C. dirt D. mud (2) A. ecosystems B. habitat C. ecosystem D. habitats (3) A. kill B. killing C. killed D. kills (4) A. wetland B. wetlands C. marsh D. marshes (5) A. harmfulness B. harmful C. harm D. harmfully (6) A. included B. include C. including D. includes (7) A. balanced B. rare C. balancedly D. balancedness (8) A. prevent B. prevents C. preventing D. prevented (9) A. harm B. harming C. harmed D. harms (10) A. therefore B. thus C. hence D. consequently 【答案】1.D 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.A 9.A 10.A 【语篇解析】本文围绕 "The Wetland Park" 展开，考生需把握文章主旨，结合上下文语境理解空格处所需词汇的含义、搭配与情感色彩。 1. 【翻译】我们到达时，首先注意到的是水边厚厚的淤泥，上面布满了鸟类和小动物留下的小脚印。 【考点解析】 空格前 thick 和空格后 along the edge of the water 提示需要名词。根据 full of tiny footprints 可知水边有松软的泥地能留下脚印，填 mud。D项 mud 正确；A项 muds 为错误复数；B项 kidney 语义不符；C项 north-east 语义不符。 A. clay（黏土）— 词义不符此处语境。 B. soil（土壤）— 词义不符此处语境。 C. dirt（泥土）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. mud（泥）— 正确，符合此处语境。 2. 【翻译】这片湿地是一个丰富的生态系统，为200多种鸟类、鱼类和昆虫提供了家园。 【考点解析】 空格前 a rich 和空格后 that provides a home 提示需要单数名词。根据提供生物栖息地的语境，湿地是一个生态系统，填 ecosystem。C项 ecosystem 正确；A项 sponge 语义不符；B项 system 不够准确；D项 ecosystems 为复数。 A. ecosystems（生态系统(复)）— 词形不符，此处需要正确形式。 B. habitat（栖息地）— 词义不符此处语境。 C. ecosystem（生态系统）— 正确，符合此处语境。 D. habitats（栖息地(复)）— 词义不符此处语境。 3. 【翻译】然而，如果不采取措施制止，附近工厂的污染可能会杀死许多这些生物。 【考点解析】 空格前 could 和空格后 many of these living things 提示需要动词原形。根据 pollution from nearby factories，污染会杀死生物，填 kill。A项 kill 正确；B项 killing 为现在分词；C项 killed 为过去式；D项 kills 为第三人称单数。 A. kill（杀死）— 正确，符合此处语境。 B. killing（杀死）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 C. killed（杀死了）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 D. kills（杀死）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 4. 【翻译】这片湿地占地约500公顷，成为我省最大的受保护湿地之一。 【考点解析】 空格前 The 和空格后 covers an area 提示需要单数名词作主语。根据全文主题是Wetland Park，填 wetland。A项 wetland 正确；B项 ecosystem 语义不符；C项 wetlands 为复数；D项 sponge 语义不符。 A. wetland（湿地）— 正确，符合此处语境。 B. wetlands（湿地(复)）— 词形不符，此处需要正确形式。 C. marsh（沼泽）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. marshes（沼泽(复)）— 词义不符此处语境。 5. 【翻译】公园管理员警告我们，工厂排出的有害化学品已经对水质造成了一些损害。 【考点解析】 空格后 chemicals 为名词需要形容词修饰。根据 have already caused some damage，这些化学品是有害的，填 harmful。B项 harmful 正确；A项 harmfulness 为名词；C项 harm 为名词或动词；D项 harmfully 为副词。 A. harmfulness（有害性）— 词性不符，此处需要形容词形式。 B. harmful（有害的）— 正确，符合此处语境。 C. harm（伤害）— 词性不符，此处需要形容词形式。 D. harmfully（有害地）— 词性不符，此处需要形容词形式。 6. 【翻译】这些污染物包括重金属和其他危险物质，这些物质会随着时间推移在食物链中累积。 【考点解析】 空格处需要动词作谓语，主语 pollutants 为复数。根据列举 heavy metals and other dangerous materials，填 include。B项 include 正确；A项 included 时态不符；C项 including 不能单独作谓语；D项 includes 不匹配复数主语。 A. included（包括了）— 词义不符此处语境。 B. include（包括）— 正确，符合此处语境。 C. including（包括）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. includes（包括）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 7. 【翻译】为了让生态系统保持平衡，每个部分都必须正常运作——从最小的植物到最大的猛禽。 【考点解析】 空格位于 stay 之后需要形容词作表语。根据 every part must work properly，生态系统各部分需保持平衡，填 balanced。A项 balanced 正确；B项 rare 语义不符；C项 balancedly 为副词；D项 balancedness 为名词。 A. balanced（均衡的）— 正确，符合此处语境。 B. rare（稀有的）— 词义不符此处语境。 C. balancedly（均衡地）— 词性不符，此处需要形容词形式。 D. balancedness（均衡性）— 词性不符，此处需要形容词形式。 8. 【翻译】政府现已制定了新规定以阻止工厂向湿地排放废水。 【考点解析】 空格前 to 和空格后 factories from dumping 提示需要动词原形，构成 prevent...from doing 结构表示阻止做某事，填 prevent。A项 prevent 正确；B项 prevents 为第三人称单数；C项 preventing 为现在分词；D项 prevented 为过去式。 A. prevent（阻止）— 正确，符合此处语境。 B. prevents（阻止）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 C. preventing（阻止）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 D. prevented（阻止了）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 9. 【翻译】如果没有这些规定，工厂将继续伤害环境。 【考点解析】 空格前 to 和空格后 the environment 提示需要动词原形。根据 factories dumping wastewater，工厂的行为会伤害环境，填 harm。A项 harm 正确；B项 harming 为现在分词；C项 harmed 为过去式；D项 harms 为第三人称单数。 A. harm（伤害）— 正确，符合此处语境。 B. harming（伤害）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 C. harmed（伤害了）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 D. harms（伤害）— 词形不符，此处需要动词原形。 10. 【翻译】因此，我们都必须尽自己的一份力量来保护这份宝贵的自然财富。 【考点解析】 空格位于 and 之后、we must 之前连接前后两句需要副词。前句讲工厂持续伤害环境，后句讲我们必须保护自然，构成因果关系，填 therefore。A项 therefore 正确；B项 around 语义不符；C项 nearly 语义不符；D项 sadly 语义不符。 A. therefore（因此）— 正确，符合此处语境。 B. thus（因此）— 词义不符此处语境。 C. hence（因此）— 词义不符此处语境。 D. consequently（因此）— 词义不符此处语境。 三、首字母篇章填空 根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入适当的单词。 Passage 1: The Wetland Field Trip Last Monday, our geography class went on a field trip to a nature reserve. We left school very early in the morning and walked for n________(1) three hours before we finally reached the protected area. The guide, a friendly woman who worked as a park ranger, used a s________(2) to show us how to take water samples from the pond. She said that e________(3) education is very important because people cannot protect what they do not understand. The w________(4) we visited was home to many rare birds and beautiful plants that we had never seen before. After the tour, a kind m________(5) who was one of the volunteers at the reserve gave us a short talk about the history of the wetland. We walked carefully because the m________(6) near the water was very soft and slippery after the rain the night before. The guide explained that the wetland is like a natural s________(7), where water, soil, plants, and animals all work together in perfect harmony. She warned that too much pollution could l________(8) to the death of many fish and birds in the area. Human activities can d________(9) the fragile wetland ecosystem in just a few years if no one cares. On our way back, the bus drove towards the n________(10) part of the province, where the next nature reserve is being planned. It was a meaningful trip that taught us the value of protecting nature. (1). n________ (2). s________ (3). e________ (4). w________ (5). m________ (6). m________ (7). s________ (8). l________ (9). d________ (10). n________ 【答案】1.nearly 2.sponge 3.environmental 4.wetland 5.madam 6.mud 7.system 8.lead 9.damage 10.north-east 【语篇解析】本文围绕 "The Wetland Field Trip" 展开，讲述一个完整的故事，考生需把握文章主旨，结合上下文语境理解空格处所需首字母对应单词的拼写、词性与搭配。 (1) 【考点解析】 所在句：We left school very early in the morning and walked for n________(1) three hours before we finally reached the protected area. 翻译：我们一大早就从学校出发，步行了将近三个小时才最终到达保护区。 解析：空格处修饰 three hours，需要副词。根据 walked for...before we finally reached，说明路程很长，结合首字母 n，填 nearly（几乎，将近），表示走了将近三个小时。 (2) 【考点解析】 所在句：The guide used a s________(2) to show us how to take water samples from the pond. 翻译：导游用一块海绵向我们展示如何从池塘中取水样。 解析：空格前 a 和空格后 to show us 提示需要单数可数名词。根据 take water samples，取水样的工具，结合首字母 s，填 sponge（海绵块），用于吸取水样。 (3) 【考点解析】 所在句：She said that e________(3) education is very important because people cannot protect what they do not understand. 翻译：她说环境教育非常重要，因为人们无法保护他们不了解的东西。 解析：空格后 education 为名词，需要形容词修饰。根据 protect what they do not understand，结合首字母 e，填 environmental（环境的）。 (4) 【考点解析】 所在句：The w________(4) we visited was home to many rare birds and beautiful plants that we had never seen before. 翻译：我们参观的湿地是许多珍稀鸟类和我们从未见过的美丽植物的家园。 解析：空格位于句首作主语，被定语从句 we visited 修饰。根据 home to many rare birds and plants 以及全文湿地主题，结合首字母 w，填 wetland（湿地）。 (5) 【考点解析】 所在句：After the tour, a kind m________(5) who was one of the volunteers at the reserve gave us a short talk about the history of the wetland. 翻译：参观结束后，一位和蔼的女士——保护区的一名志愿者——给我们简短讲述了湿地的历史。 解析：空格前 a kind 和空格后 who was one of the volunteers 提示需要单数可数名词。根据 gave us a short talk，是一位女性志愿者，结合首字母 m，填 madam（女士）。 (6) 【考点解析】 所在句：We walked carefully because the m________(6) near the water was very soft and slippery after the rain the night before. 翻译：我们小心翼翼地行走，因为前一天晚上下雨后，水边的泥土非常软滑。 解析：空格前 the 和空格后 near the water 提示需要名词作主语。根据 very soft and slippery after the rain，水边的是泥，结合首字母 m，填 mud（泥）。 (7) 【考点解析】 所在句：The guide explained that the wetland is like a natural s________(7), where water, soil, plants, and animals all work together in perfect harmony. 翻译：导游解释说，湿地就像一个自然系统，水、土壤、植物和动物在其中完美和谐地共同运作。 解析：空格前 a natural 和空格后 where...all work together 提示需要单数可数名词。各要素和谐共处的体系，结合首字母 s，填 system（系统）。 (8) 【考点解析】 所在句：She warned that too much pollution could l________(8) to the death of many fish and birds in the area. 翻译：她警告说，过多的污染可能导致该地区许多鱼类和鸟类的死亡。 解析：空格前 could 和空格后 to the death of 提示需要动词原形，构成 lead to 固定搭配。根据 pollution 和 death，结合首字母 l，填 lead（导致）。 (9) 【考点解析】 所在句：Human activities can d________(9) the fragile wetland ecosystem in just a few years if no one cares. 翻译：如果无人关心，人类活动可以在短短几年内毁坏脆弱的湿地生态系统。 解析：空格前 can 和空格后 the fragile wetland ecosystem 提示需要动词原形。根据人类活动和 fragile wetland ecosystem 的负面语境，结合首字母 d，填 damage（损害，毁坏）。 (10) 【考点解析】 所在句：On our way back, the bus drove towards the n________(10) part of the province, where the next nature reserve is being planned. 翻译：在回去的路上，大巴驶向该省的东北部，那里正在规划下一个自然保护区。 解析：空格后 part of the province 提示需要方向词修饰。根据 where the next nature reserve is being planned，结合首字母 n，填 north-east（东北）。 Passage 2: The Antarctic Adventure My uncle is a scientist who studies climate change, and last year he went on an amazing trip to Antarctica. He wanted to find out what human activities c________(1) climate change and how it affects the ice at the South Pole. The most wonderful animal he saw was the p________(2), which lives in large groups and can survive even in the coldest weather on Earth. He told me that scientists must a________(3) quickly because the ice is melting faster than ever before. He took n________(4) a thousand photos on his journey, capturing everything from giant icebergs to tiny snowflakes under the microscope. The thick snow and ice that c________(5) most of the Antarctic continent reflect sunlight and help keep our planet cool. He said that the cold, dry air was actually very good for his l________(6) and helped his breathing become much clearer. The research station was not n________(7) at all — the wind howled day and night, making it hard to sleep. When spring came, the m________(8) and ice on the ground began to melt, creating small pools of water all around the station. This experience would l________(9) my uncle to spend the next three years writing a book about the polar regions. He said the Antarctic s________(10) is very fragile and even small changes can have big effects on the entire planet. I hope one day I can visit Antarctica myself. (1). c________ (2). p________ (3). a________ (4). n________ (5). c________ (6). l________ (7). n________ (8). m________ (9). l________ (10). s________ 【答案】1.cause 2.penguin 3.act 4.nearly 5.cover 6.lung 7.noisy 8.mud 9.lead 10.system 【语篇解析】本文围绕 "The Antarctic Adventure" 展开，讲述一个完整的故事，考生需把握文章主旨，结合上下文语境理解空格处所需首字母对应单词的拼写、词性与搭配。 (1) 【考点解析】 所在句：He wanted to find out what human activities c________(1) climate change and how it affects the ice at the South Pole. 翻译：他想找出人类活动是什么导致气候变化的，以及气候变化如何影响南极的冰层。 解析：空格在 what human activities 之后、climate change 之前，需要动词作谓语。根据 what...climate change，人类活动导致气候变化，结合首字母 c，填 cause（导致）。 (2) 【考点解析】 所在句：The most wonderful animal he saw was the p________(2), which lives in large groups and can survive even in the coldest weather on Earth. 翻译：他看到的最奇妙的动物是企鹅，它们成群结队地生活，即使在地球上最寒冷的天气中也能生存。 解析：空格前 the 和空格后 which lives in large groups 提示需要单数可数名词。根据 survive even in the coldest weather 且在南极，结合首字母 p，填 penguin（企鹅）。 (3) 【考点解析】 所在句：He told me that scientists must a________(3) quickly because the ice is melting faster than ever before. 翻译：他告诉我，科学家必须迅速行动，因为冰层正在以前所未有的速度融化。 解析：空格前 must 和空格后 quickly 提示需要动词原形。根据 ice is melting faster 这一紧急情况，科学家须采取行动，结合首字母 a，填 act（行动）。 (4) 【考点解析】 所在句：He took n________(4) a thousand photos on his journey, capturing everything from giant icebergs to tiny snowflakes under the microscope. 翻译：他在旅途中拍了将近一千张照片，捕捉了从巨大冰山到显微镜下微小雪花的一切。 解析：空格处修饰数字 a thousand，需要副词。根据 captured everything from...to，照片数量很多，结合首字母 n，填 nearly（几乎），nearly a thousand 表示将近一千张。 (5) 【考点解析】 所在句：The thick snow and ice that c________(5) most of the Antarctic continent reflect sunlight and help keep our planet cool. 翻译：覆盖南极大陆大部分的厚厚冰雪反射阳光，帮助保持地球凉爽。 解析：空格在 that...most of the Antarctic continent 定语从句中，需要动词。根据 thick snow and ice 和 most of the Antarctic continent，冰雪覆盖大陆，结合首字母 c，填 cover（覆盖）。 (6) 【考点解析】 所在句：He said that the cold, dry air was actually very good for his l________(6) and helped his breathing become much clearer. 翻译：他说寒冷干燥的空气实际上对肺非常好，使他的呼吸变得更加清爽。 解析：空格前 his 和空格后 and helped his breathing 提示需要名词。根据 helped his breathing，对呼吸有帮助的器官，结合首字母 l，填 lung（肺）。 (7) 【考点解析】 所在句：The research station was not n________(7) at all — the wind howled day and night, making it hard to sleep. 翻译：研究站一点也不安静——风日夜呼啸，使人难以入睡。 解析：空格位于 was not 之后、at all 之前，需要形容词作表语。根据 the wind howled day and night，说明环境很吵，结合首字母 n，填 noisy（吵闹的）。 (8) 【考点解析】 所在句：When spring came, the m________(8) and ice on the ground began to melt, creating small pools of water all around the station. 翻译：春天来临时，地面上的泥浆和冰开始融化，在站周围形成小水洼。 解析：空格前 the 和空格后 and ice on the ground 提示需要名词与 ice 并列。根据 melt 和 small pools of water，结合首字母 m，填 mud（泥，泥浆）。 (9) 【考点解析】 所在句：This experience would l________(9) my uncle to spend the next three years writing a book about the polar regions. 翻译：这次经历将导致我叔叔在接下来的三年里写一本关于极地地区的书。 解析：空格前 would 和空格后 my uncle to spend 提示需要动词原形，构成 lead sb to do 结构。结合首字母 l，填 lead（导致）。 (10) 【考点解析】 所在句：He said the Antarctic s________(10) is very fragile and even small changes can have big effects on the entire planet. 翻译：他说南极系统非常脆弱，即使微小的变化也会对整个地球产生巨大影响。 解析：空格前 the Antarctic 和空格后 is very fragile 提示需要单数名词作主语。结合首字母 s，填 system（系统）。 Passage 3: Climate Change Discussion Our science teacher organized a class discussion about climate change last Friday. She began by saying that k________(1) is the most powerful tool we have to fight against environmental problems. One student raised her hand and asked if rising temperatures would k________(2) all the fish in the ocean. The teacher shook her head and said a friendly s________(3) from the research institute had told her that the situation is serious but not hopeless. She went on to i________(4) many examples of things we can do, such as recycling more and using less electricity at home. She also suggested e________(5) ways of living, like using cloth bags instead of plastic ones and walking to school. She showed us a video about w________(6) from a textile factory that had turned a clear river into a dark and smelly waterway. Later, she used a s________(7) in the classroom to demonstrate how water pollution actually works on a small scale. Another concern was the l________(8) damage caused by air pollution in big cities, where many people have trouble breathing. She mentioned that the c________(9) of the Arctic has been changing faster than scientists expected just ten years ago. At the end, she encouraged us to s________(10) curious and keep learning about these important topics. Everyone left the classroom feeling more hopeful and more responsible for taking care of our planet. (1). k________ (2). k________ (3). s________ (4). i________ (5). e________ (6). w________ (7). s________ (8). l________ (9). c________ (10). s________ 【答案】1.knowledge 2.kill 3.sir 4.include 5.environment-friendly 6.wastewater 7.sponge 8.lung 9.climate 10.stay 【语篇解析】本文围绕 "Climate Change Discussion" 展开，讲述一个完整的故事，考生需把握文章主旨，结合上下文语境理解空格处所需首字母对应单词的拼写、词性与搭配。 (1) 【考点解析】 所在句：She began by saying that k________(1) is the most powerful tool we have to fight against environmental problems. 翻译：她开头就说，知识是我们应对环境问题所拥有的最强大的工具。 解析：空格处需要名词作 that 从句的主语。根据 the most powerful tool 和 fight against environmental problems，知识是工具，结合首字母 k，填 knowledge（知识）。 (2) 【考点解析】 所在句：One student raised her hand and asked if rising temperatures would k________(2) all the fish in the ocean. 翻译：一个学生举手问，上升的温度会不会杀死海洋中所有的鱼。 解析：空格前 would 和空格后 all the fish 提示需要动词原形。根据 rising temperatures 和 all the fish，温度上升可能杀死鱼类，结合首字母 k，填 kill（杀死）。 (3) 【考点解析】 所在句：The teacher shook her head and said a friendly s________(3) from the research institute had told her that the situation is serious but not hopeless. 翻译：老师摇了摇头，说研究所一位友善的先生曾告诉她，情况很严重但并非毫无希望。 解析：空格前 a friendly 和空格后 from the research institute 提示需要单数可数名词。根据 had told her，是某位人士，结合首字母 s，填 sir（先生）。 (4) 【考点解析】 所在句：She went on to i________(4) many examples of things we can do, such as recycling more and using less electricity at home. 翻译：她紧接着列举了许多我们可以做的事情的例子，比如更多回收利用和在家少用电。 解析：空格前 to 和空格后 many examples 提示需要动词原形。根据 examples of things we can do，老师列举或包括例子，结合首字母 i，填 include（包括）。 (5) 【考点解析】 所在句：She also suggested e________(5) ways of living, like using cloth bags instead of plastic ones and walking to school. 翻译：她还建议环保的生活方式，比如用布袋替代塑料袋并步行上学。 解析：空格后 ways of living 为名词短语需要形容词修饰。根据 using cloth bags instead of plastic ones，这些都是环保做法，结合首字母 e，填 environment-friendly（环保的）。 (6) 【考点解析】 所在句：She showed us a video about w________(6) from a textile factory that had turned a clear river into a dark and smelly waterway. 翻译：她给我们看了一段视频，视频中一家纺织厂的废水将一条清澈的河流变成了一条又黑又臭的水道。 解析：空格位于介词 about 之后需要名词。根据 from a textile factory 和 turned a clear river into a dark and smelly waterway，纺织厂排放的是废水，结合首字母 w，填 wastewater（废水）。 (7) 【考点解析】 所在句：Later, she used a s________(7) in the classroom to demonstrate how water pollution actually works on a small scale. 翻译：后来，她在教室里用一块海绵演示了水污染在小规模下是如何实际运作的。 解析：空格前 a 和空格后 in the classroom to demonstrate 提示需要单数可数名词。根据 demonstrate how water pollution works，使用海绵作为教具展示吸水效果，结合首字母 s，填 sponge（海绵块）。 (8) 【考点解析】 所在句：Another concern was the l________(8) damage caused by air pollution in big cities, where many people have trouble breathing. 翻译：另一个担忧是大城市空气污染造成的肺部损害，那里许多人呼吸困难。 解析：空格后 damage 为名词需要名词或形容词修饰。根据 air pollution 和 many people have trouble breathing，空气污染损害肺部，结合首字母 l，填 lung（肺）。 (9) 【考点解析】 所在句：She mentioned that the c________(9) of the Arctic has been changing faster than scientists expected just ten years ago. 翻译：她提到，北极的气候变化速度比科学家十年前预期的要快得多。 解析：空格前 the 和空格后 of the Arctic 提示需要名词。根据 has been changing faster than scientists expected，北极的气候正在变化，结合首字母 c，填 climate（气候）。 (10) 【考点解析】 所在句：At the end, she encouraged us to s________(10) curious and keep learning about these important topics. 翻译：最后，她鼓励我们保持好奇心，继续学习这些重要的课题。 解析：空格前 to 和空格后 curious 提示需要系动词原形。根据 keep learning，保持好奇心，结合首字母 s，填 stay（保持），stay curious 表示保持好奇。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $