Unit 2 Period 2 Using language（分层作业）英语外研版必修第一册

**基本信息** 分层清晰，从基础词汇语法到语篇综合应用，衔接高考，助力语言能力与思维品质提升。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A组巩固过关|词汇（短语翻译、单词拼写）、单句语法|基础题型夯实语言能力，如短语翻译强化核心表达| |B组能力进阶|语篇语法填空|语篇应用提升综合思维，结合上下文考查语法| |C组思维拔高|阅读理解、七选五、完形填空|逻辑推理与文化理解，如阅读理解分析人物品质| |拓展链接高考|高考真题题型|衔接高考培养应试能力，选用高三开学考等真题|

分层作业 Unit 2 Period 2 Using language 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1. word formation 11. well-known 2. a compound word 12. incorrect 3. add a prefix 13. calm sb down 4. add a suffix 14. American English 5. change the part of speech 15. British English 6. an abbreviation 16. subway / underground 7. an unfamiliar word 17. highway / motorway 8. guess the meaning of a word 18. gas / petrol 9. make great improvement 19. apartment / flat 10. a penfriend 20. elevator / lift 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词或短语。 1. compound 11. sculpture 2. prefix 12. raining 3. suffix 13. penfriend 4. abbreviation 14. well-known 5. dictionary 15. online 6. meaning 16. subway 7. unfamiliar 17. motorway 8. incorrect 18. petrol 9. unhappy 19. flat 10. improvement 20. lift 三、判断下列单词或表达的构词方式。 1. 4 11. 1 2. 1 12. 3 3. 3 13. 2 4. 2 14. 4 5. 4 15. 3 6. 1 16. 1 7. 3 17. 2 8. 2 18. 4 9. 3 19. 3 10. 4 20. 2 四、根据汉语意思完成句子。 1. made; up; of 11. while 2. guess; meaning 12. gas 3. adding; prefix 13. highway 4. suffix; part 14. equivalent 5. incorrect 15. spelt 6. made; improvement 16. differ 7. calm; down 17. raining 8. stands; for 18. unfamiliar; context 9. short; for 19. combines; the 10. underground 20. consider; understand 五、语法填空 【答案】 1. sadness 6. receiving 2. is 7. remembered 3. it 8. In 4. really 9. that / which 5. to give 10. questions 【导语】 本文介绍副词“actually”如何表达意外、遗憾或惊喜，通过送圣诞礼物的故事说明语境和语调对理解词义的重要性。 【详解】 1. 考查名词。空处与 surprise 由 or 并列，需用 sad 的名词形式 sadness，表示“悲伤”。 2. 考查主谓一致和时态。everybody 作主语，谓语用第三人称单数；叙述人们对 Bob 的一贯认识，应用一般现在时 is。 3. 考查代词。空处代指上文提到的 a Christmas present，作介词 with 的宾语，故填 it。 4. 考查副词。空处修饰动词 believe，形容词 real 应变为副词 really。 5. 考查非谓语动词。forget to do sth. 表示“忘记要做某事”；Ted 忘记送礼物，故填 to give。 6. 考查非谓语动词。at 是介词，后接动词-ing 形式，故填 receiving。 7. 考查动词时态。that day 指上文已经发生的那次圣诞节事件，应使用一般过去时 remembered。 8. 考查固定搭配。in fact 意为“事实上”，位于句首首字母需大写，故填 In。 9. 考查定语从句。先行词 words 指物，关系词在从句中作主语，可用 that 或 which。 10. 考查名词复数。these 修饰可数名词复数，故填 questions。 六、阅读理解 【答案】 32. C 34. D 33. B 35. A 【导语】 本文通过一名美国学生初到英国的经历，比较英美英语常见词汇与拼写差异，并介绍前缀、后缀、合成词和缩写四种构词方式。 【详解】 32. C 细节理解题。第一段写到房东说 take the lift to her flat，作者感到困惑，随后才知道 lift 对应 elevator，flat 对应 apartment，因此选 C。 33. B 词义理解题。第二段说明 motorway 为英国说法；其美式英语对应词是 highway，而 petrol/gas 指汽油，故选 B。 34. D 构词法辨析题。improvement 由 improve 加后缀 -ment 形成名词；unhappy 加前缀，sunflower 为合成词，ASAP 为缩写，故选 D。 35. A 主旨大意题。文章由英美词汇差异引出构词规律，并说明这些规律能降低理解生词的难度，因此作者倡导借助语境和词的组成理解英语，故选 A。 七、七选五 1. E 4. A 2. D 5. F 3. C 【文章大意】 本文围绕如何保护并传承本民族文化提出建议：分享艺术、学习家常菜、参加节庆活动以及学习地方方言，强调语言承载文化。 【详解】 1. E 空前指出文化塑造了我们的身份，空后转入具体建议。E 项“应该更多地了解文化并学会维护它”承上启下，故选 E。 2. D 空前说物质文化远不止博物馆里的传统文物，D 项用汤匙和公共建筑说明日常物品也有文化价值，与前文的 beyond that 呼应，故选 D。 3. C 本段主题是做家庭菜谱，空后提到烹饪时会回忆童年或节日的食物。C 项“嗅觉和味觉与记忆联系紧密”解释了这一现象，故选 C。 4. A 本空位于段首，下文谈城市或乡村的文化活动及参与节庆活动，A 项可作概括性小标题，故选 A。 5. F 前一句强调语言是文化的重要组成部分，F 项进一步阐明语言会影响人们认识世界的方式，语义连贯，故选 F。 八、阅读理解 21. B 22. B 23. A 【导语】 本文按照历史发展顺序介绍汉字从象形符号到成熟书写体系的演变，说明文字统一在文化传承、民族沟通和国际交流中的作用。 【详解】 21. B 主旨大意题。文章从古代甲骨文字写起，依次讲商代、秦朝、书法艺术和当今汉字的地位，围绕汉字书写体系的发展历程展开，因此选 B。 22. B 篇章结构题。文中按 At the beginning、By the Shang Dynasty、under Emperor Qinshihuang、Today 等时间线索叙述，所以采用时间顺序，故选 B。 23. A 细节理解题。末段直接说明 As China plays a greater role in global affairs，越来越多国际学生开始通过汉语了解中国文化与历史，故选 A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $分层作业 Unit 2 Period 2 Using language 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 构词法___________ 2. 复合词___________ 3. 加前缀___________ 4. 加后缀___________ 5. 改变词性___________ 6. 缩写词___________ 7. 不熟悉的单词___________ 8. 猜测词义___________ 9. 进步很大___________ 10. 一位笔友___________ 11. 广为人知的___________ 12. 不正确的___________ 13. 使某人平静下来___________ 14. 美式英语___________ 15. 英式英语___________ 16. 地铁___________ 17. 高速公路___________ 18. 汽油___________ 19. 公寓___________ 20. 电梯___________ 【答案】 1. word formation 11. well-known 2. a compound word 12. incorrect 3. add a prefix 13. calm sb down 4. add a suffix 14. American English 5. change the part of speech 15. British English 6. an abbreviation 16. subway / underground 7. an unfamiliar word 17. highway / motorway 8. guess the meaning of a word 18. gas / petrol 9. make great improvement 19. apartment / flat 10. a penfriend 20. elevator / lift 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词或短语。 1. The word “pineapple” is a ________（复合词）. 2. Adding “un-” to “happy” means adding a ________（前缀）. 3. The ending “-ment” is a common ________（后缀）. 4. WHO is a(n) ________（缩写词）of World Health Organization. 5. You can look up an unfamiliar word in a ________（词典）. 6. Context can help us guess the ________（意思）of a word. 7. Even good readers meet ________（不熟悉的）words. 8. The opposite of “correct” is ________（不正确的）. 9. She felt ________（不开心的）about the result. 10. You have made great ________（进步）in English. 11. The artist wants to create a beautiful ________（雕塑）. 12. When rain falls, we can say, “It is ________（下雨）.” 13. I write letters to my ________（笔友）every month. 14. That story is ________（广为人知的）among students. 15. “ASAP” is often used in ________（网络）messages. 16. Americans may take the ________（地铁）to work. 17. In Britain, a major road may be called a ________（高速公路）. 18. British drivers stop to buy ________（汽油）. 19. She lives in a small ________（公寓）in London. 20. Take the ________（电梯）to the fifth floor. 【答案】 1. compound 11. sculpture 2. prefix 12. raining 3. suffix 13. penfriend 4. abbreviation 14. well-known 5. dictionary 15. online 6. meaning 16. subway 7. unfamiliar 17. motorway 8. incorrect 18. petrol 9. unhappy 19. flat 10. improvement 20. lift 三、判断下列单词或表达的构词方式。 提示：1=缩写；2=改变词性；3=添加前缀或后缀；4=组合两个或多个词。 1. pine + apple → pineapple ________ 2. World Health Organization → WHO ________ 3. happy → unhappy ________ 4. email (n.) → email (v.) ________ 5. class + room → classroom ________ 6. as soon as possible → ASAP ________ 7. correct → incorrect ________ 8. rain (n.) → rain (v.) ________ 9. improve → improvement ________ 10. sun + light → sunlight ________ 11. be right back → BRB ________ 12. kind → kindness ________ 13. text (n.) → text (v.) ________ 14. well + known → well-known ________ 15. like → dislike ________ 16. got to go → G2G ________ 17. book (n.) → book (v.) ________ 18. note + book → notebook ________ 19. friend → friendship ________ 20. gas (n.) → gas (v.) ________ 【答案】 1. 4 11. 1 2. 1 12. 3 3. 3 13. 2 4. 2 14. 4 5. 4 15. 3 6. 1 16. 1 7. 3 17. 2 8. 2 18. 4 9. 3 19. 3 10. 4 20. 2 四、根据汉语意思完成句子。 1. “pineapple”由两个词组合而成。 The word “pineapple” is ________ ________ ________ two words. 2. 了解构词法可以帮我们猜测新词的意思。 Knowing word formation helps us ________ the ________ of new words. 3. “unhappy”由“happy”加前缀构成。 “Unhappy” is formed by ________ a ________ to “happy”. 4. 在单词后添加后缀可能改变它的词性。 Adding a ________ may change a word’s ________ of speech. 5. 如果答案不正确，可以用“incorrect”描述它。 If an answer is not correct, we can say it is ________. 6. 她的英语取得了很大的进步。 She has ________ great ________ in English. 7. 他不开心，所以我试图让他冷静下来。 He was unhappy, so I tried to ________ him ________. 8. “WHO”代表“World Health Organization”。 “WHO” ________ ________ “World Health Organization”. 9. “ASAP”是“as soon as possible”的缩写。 “ASAP” is ________ ________ “as soon as possible”. 10. 在美式英语中，“subway”指的是地铁。 In American English, “subway” means the ________. 11. 美国人说“elevator”，英国人则说“lift”。 Americans say “elevator”, ________ the British say “lift”. 12. 英式英语里的“petrol”在美式英语中叫“gas”。 British “petrol” is called ________ in American English. 13. 美国人开车走“highway”，而英国人走“motorway”。 Americans drive along a ________, while British people use a motorway. 14. “apartment”在英式英语中对应“flat”。 The British ________ of “apartment” is “flat”. 15. 美式英语中“theatre”拼写为“theater”。 “Theatre” is ________ “theater” in American English. 16. 两种英语在拼写和词汇上有所不同。 The two varieties of English ________ in spelling and vocabulary. 17. 当我们看见下雨时，可以说“正在下雨”。 When we see rain, we can say “It’s ________.” 18. 我们能通过上下文理解不熟悉的词。 We can understand ________ words from the ________. 19. “netizen”是由“Internet”和“citizen”构成的。 “Netizen” ________ ________ “Internet” and “citizen”. 20. 使用缩写前，想想读者是否能理解它们。 Before using abbreviations, ________ whether readers will ________ them. 【答案】 1. made; up; of 11. while 2. guess; meaning 12. gas 3. adding; prefix 13. highway 4. suffix; part 14. equivalent 5. incorrect 15. spelt 6. made; improvement 16. differ 7. calm; down 17. raining 8. stands; for 18. unfamiliar; context 9. short; for 19. combines; the 10. underground 20. consider; understand 五、语法填空 （23-24高一上·全国课后作业·语言与文化） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A common word that shows surprise or ____1____ (sad) is “actually”. “Actually” suggests something is true, even when it is different from what has been thought or expected. For example, everybody knows that Bob ____2____ (be) always a nice person. But he saw a Christmas present he liked, and then ran away with ____3____. A speaker might say, “I can’t ____4____ (real) believe it! Bob actually stole the Christmas present.” Here, “actually” shows that what happened was unexpected. Speakers can use “actually” to show good feelings, too. Take Ted, for example, a person who often forgets ____5____ (give) gifts at Christmas. His parents may show their surprise at ____6____ (receive) a gift from Ted by saying, “Ted actually gave us a gift!” Here, the word shows that they are pleasantly surprised: Ted ____7____ (remember) Christmas that day! ____8____ fact, they felt rather happy. Next time you listen to an English speaker, try to find words ____9____ show what people mean. Is the speaker showing surprise or regret? How does the speaker change the pitch of their voice? By answering these ____10____ (question), you will learn how English speakers communicate feelings in subtle ways. 【答案】 1. sadness 6. receiving 2. is 7. remembered 3. it 8. In 4. really 9. that / which 5. to give 10. questions 【导语】 本文介绍副词“actually”如何表达意外、遗憾或惊喜，通过送圣诞礼物的故事说明语境和语调对理解词义的重要性。 【详解】 1. 考查名词。空处与 surprise 由 or 并列，需用 sad 的名词形式 sadness，表示“悲伤”。 2. 考查主谓一致和时态。everybody 作主语，谓语用第三人称单数；叙述人们对 Bob 的一贯认识，应用一般现在时 is。 3. 考查代词。空处代指上文提到的 a Christmas present，作介词 with 的宾语，故填 it。 4. 考查副词。空处修饰动词 believe，形容词 real 应变为副词 really。 5. 考查非谓语动词。forget to do sth. 表示“忘记要做某事”；Ted 忘记送礼物，故填 to give。 6. 考查非谓语动词。at 是介词，后接动词-ing 形式，故填 receiving。 7. 考查动词时态。that day 指上文已经发生的那次圣诞节事件，应使用一般过去时 remembered。 8. 考查固定搭配。in fact 意为“事实上”，位于句首首字母需大写，故填 In。 9. 考查定语从句。先行词 words 指物，关系词在从句中作主语，可用 that 或 which。 10. 考查名词复数。these 修饰可数名词复数，故填 questions。 六、阅读理解 （教材主题拓展·英美英语与构词法） When I moved from New York to London, I thought I would have few language problems. After all, people in both cities speak English. But on my first morning, my British host asked me to take the lift to her flat. I looked around in confusion. She smiled and explained that a lift is an elevator and a flat is an apartment. Later, we drove along the motorway. When I asked if we could stop for gas, she pointed to a petrol station. In the evening, we went to the theatre. I noticed that British English sometimes keeps “-re” at the end of a word, while American English uses “-er”, as in theatre and theater. My host also showed me how word formation could help. The word “unhappy” uses the prefix “un-” to express an opposite meaning. “Improvement” adds “-ment” to a verb to make a noun. “Sunflower” combines two smaller words, while “ASAP” takes the first letters of “as soon as possible”. These patterns make unfamiliar words less frightening. 32．What confused the writer on the first morning? A．The meaning of the word “gas”. B．The spelling of the word “theatre”. C．The meanings of “lift” and “flat”. D．The pronunciation of American English. 33．What is “motorway” called in American English? A．Petrol. B．Highway. C．Underground. D．Elevator. 34．Which word is formed by adding a suffix? A．Sunflower. B．ASAP. C．Unhappy. D．Improvement. 35．What does the passage mainly suggest? A．Word parts and context can help us understand English. B．American English is easier than British English. C．All English words are formed in the same way. D．British people seldom use abbreviations. 【答案】 32. C 34. D 33. B 35. A 【导语】 本文通过一名美国学生初到英国的经历，比较英美英语常见词汇与拼写差异，并介绍前缀、后缀、合成词和缩写四种构词方式。 【详解】 32. C 细节理解题。第一段写到房东说 take the lift to her flat，作者感到困惑，随后才知道 lift 对应 elevator，flat 对应 apartment，因此选 C。 33. B 词义理解题。第二段说明 motorway 为英国说法；其美式英语对应词是 highway，而 petrol/gas 指汽油，故选 B。 34. D 构词法辨析题。improvement 由 improve 加后缀 -ment 形成名词；unhappy 加前缀，sunflower 为合成词，ASAP 为缩写，故选 D。 35. A 主旨大意题。文章由英美词汇差异引出构词规律，并说明这些规律能降低理解生词的难度，因此作者倡导借助语境和词的组成理解英语，故选 A。 七、七选五 （21-22高三上·山东威海·期中） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Keep Your Culture Alive Think of any objects in your house, meals you eat, or gestures you use, and you’ll find evidence of culture. Culture has shaped who you are. ____1____ Here’re some tips. Share your culture’s art and techniques. Each culture has its own clothing, music, visual arts, and many more distinguishing characteristics. Other members of your culture will be overjoyed to share or talk about their interests, what they do for fun, and fine works of art they appreciate. This may include traditional artifacts you can find in a museum, but material culture goes far beyond that. ____2____ Cook family recipes. It’s never too late to learn some recipes from your grandmother’s cookbook. ____3____ During the process, you might remember meals from your childhood or festivals. Just reading a recipe can teach you how much ingredients and kitchen tools have changed. ____4____ Your city or village may have some cultural events, which you should actively participate in. If you don’t know of any in your area, some tribes or ethnic groups in your country almost certainly celebrate major cultural festivals. Travel to these places to get a broader perspective on your culture. Speak your local dialect. If you know someone who shares your culture but speaks a native tongue better than you, or in other words, in a more authentic way, ask him or her to teach you. Language is an important part of a culture. ____5____ Plus, if the language is rare in your area, nobody will be able to catch on to what you’re talking about. A. Attend major events and festivals. B. Travel abroad to celebrate cultural festivals. C. Smell and taste have a powerful connection to memory. D. Even a kitchen spoon or a public building is cultural artwork. E. You should learn more about it and know how you can keep it strong. F. Many experts argue that language shapes our whole view about the world. G. They will disappear with time if you do not make efforts to preserve them. 【答案】 1. E 4. A 2. D 5. F 3. C 【文章大意】 本文围绕如何保护并传承本民族文化提出建议：分享艺术、学习家常菜、参加节庆活动以及学习地方方言，强调语言承载文化。 【详解】 1. E 空前指出文化塑造了我们的身份，空后转入具体建议。E 项“应该更多地了解文化并学会维护它”承上启下，故选 E。 2. D 空前说物质文化远不止博物馆里的传统文物，D 项用汤匙和公共建筑说明日常物品也有文化价值，与前文的 beyond that 呼应，故选 D。 3. C 本段主题是做家庭菜谱，空后提到烹饪时会回忆童年或节日的食物。C 项“嗅觉和味觉与记忆联系紧密”解释了这一现象，故选 C。 4. A 本空位于段首，下文谈城市或乡村的文化活动及参与节庆活动，A 项可作概括性小标题，故选 A。 5. F 前一句强调语言是文化的重要组成部分，F 项进一步阐明语言会影响人们认识世界的方式，语义连贯，故选 F。 八、阅读理解 （21-22高一上·吉林通化·阶段检测） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today’s hanzi. By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600-1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221-207 BCE). Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past. People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture. Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language. 21. The text is mainly about ________. A. The Chinese picture-based language B. The history of the Chinese writing system C. The past and the present D. The importance of Chinese calligraphy 22. The writer organized the text by ________. A. giving examples B. time order C. making comparison D. space order 23. More and more international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history because ________. A. China plays a greater role in international affairs B. the Chinese writing system is important in the world C. China’s language is amazing for international students D. Chinese calligraphy has a long history 【答案】 21. B 22. B 23. A 【导语】 本文按照历史发展顺序介绍汉字从象形符号到成熟书写体系的演变，说明文字统一在文化传承、民族沟通和国际交流中的作用。 【详解】 21. B 主旨大意题。文章从古代甲骨文字写起，依次讲商代、秦朝、书法艺术和当今汉字的地位，围绕汉字书写体系的发展历程展开，因此选 B。 22. B 篇章结构题。文中按 At the beginning、By the Shang Dynasty、under Emperor Qinshihuang、Today 等时间线索叙述，所以采用时间顺序，故选 B。 23. A 细节理解题。末段直接说明 As China plays a greater role in global affairs，越来越多国际学生开始通过汉语了解中国文化与历史，故选 A。 $分层作业 Unit 2 Period 2 Using language 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 构词法___________ 2. 复合词___________ 3. 加前缀___________ 4. 加后缀___________ 5. 改变词性___________ 6. 缩写词___________ 7. 不熟悉的单词___________ 8. 猜测词义___________ 9. 进步很大___________ 10. 一位笔友___________ 11. 广为人知的___________ 12. 不正确的___________ 13. 使某人平静下来___________ 14. 美式英语___________ 15. 英式英语___________ 16. 地铁___________ 17. 高速公路___________ 18. 汽油___________ 19. 公寓___________ 20. 电梯___________ 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词或短语。 1. The word “pineapple” is a ________（复合词）. 2. Adding “un-” to “happy” means adding a ________（前缀）. 3. The ending “-ment” is a common ________（后缀）. 4. WHO is a(n) ________（缩写词）of World Health Organization. 5. You can look up an unfamiliar word in a ________（词典）. 6. Context can help us guess the ________（意思）of a word. 7. Even good readers meet ________（不熟悉的）words. 8. The opposite of “correct” is ________（不正确的）. 9. She felt ________（不开心的）about the result. 10. You have made great ________（进步）in English. 11. The artist wants to create a beautiful ________（雕塑）. 12. When rain falls, we can say, “It is ________（下雨）.” 13. I write letters to my ________（笔友）every month. 14. That story is ________（广为人知的）among students. 15. “ASAP” is often used in ________（网络）messages. 16. Americans may take the ________（地铁）to work. 17. In Britain, a major road may be called a ________（高速公路）. 18. British drivers stop to buy ________（汽油）. 19. She lives in a small ________（公寓）in London. 20. Take the ________（电梯）to the fifth floor. 三、判断下列单词或表达的构词方式。 提示：1=缩写；2=改变词性；3=添加前缀或后缀；4=组合两个或多个词。 1. pine + apple → pineapple ________ 2. World Health Organization → WHO ________ 3. happy → unhappy ________ 4. email (n.) → email (v.) ________ 5. class + room → classroom ________ 6. as soon as possible → ASAP ________ 7. correct → incorrect ________ 8. rain (n.) → rain (v.) ________ 9. improve → improvement ________ 10. sun + light → sunlight ________ 11. be right back → BRB ________ 12. kind → kindness ________ 13. text (n.) → text (v.) ________ 14. well + known → well-known ________ 15. like → dislike ________ 16. got to go → G2G ________ 17. book (n.) → book (v.) ________ 18. note + book → notebook ________ 19. friend → friendship ________ 20. gas (n.) → gas (v.) ________ 四、根据汉语意思完成句子。 1. “pineapple”由两个词组合而成。 The word “pineapple” is ________ ________ ________ two words. 2. 了解构词法可以帮我们猜测新词的意思。 Knowing word formation helps us ________ the ________ of new words. 3. “unhappy”由“happy”加前缀构成。 “Unhappy” is formed by ________ a ________ to “happy”. 4. 在单词后添加后缀可能改变它的词性。 Adding a ________ may change a word’s ________ of speech. 5. 如果答案不正确，可以用“incorrect”描述它。 If an answer is not correct, we can say it is ________. 6. 她的英语取得了很大的进步。 She has ________ great ________ in English. 7. 他不开心，所以我试图让他冷静下来。 He was unhappy, so I tried to ________ him ________. 8. “WHO”代表“World Health Organization”。 “WHO” ________ ________ “World Health Organization”. 9. “ASAP”是“as soon as possible”的缩写。 “ASAP” is ________ ________ “as soon as possible”. 10. 在美式英语中，“subway”指的是地铁。 In American English, “subway” means the ________. 11. 美国人说“elevator”，英国人则说“lift”。 Americans say “elevator”, ________ the British say “lift”. 12. 英式英语里的“petrol”在美式英语中叫“gas”。 British “petrol” is called ________ in American English. 13. 美国人开车走“highway”，而英国人走“motorway”。 Americans drive along a ________, while British people use a motorway. 14. “apartment”在英式英语中对应“flat”。 The British ________ of “apartment” is “flat”. 15. 美式英语中“theatre”拼写为“theater”。 “Theatre” is ________ “theater” in American English. 16. 两种英语在拼写和词汇上有所不同。 The two varieties of English ________ in spelling and vocabulary. 17. 当我们看见下雨时，可以说“正在下雨”。 When we see rain, we can say “It’s ________.” 18. 我们能通过上下文理解不熟悉的词。 We can understand ________ words from the ________. 19. “netizen”是由“Internet”和“citizen”构成的。 “Netizen” ________ ________ “Internet” and “citizen”. 20. 使用缩写前，想想读者是否能理解它们。 Before using abbreviations, ________ whether readers will ________ them. 五、语法填空 （23-24高一上·全国课后作业·语言与文化） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A common word that shows surprise or ____1____ (sad) is “actually”. “Actually” suggests something is true, even when it is different from what has been thought or expected. For example, everybody knows that Bob ____2____ (be) always a nice person. But he saw a Christmas present he liked, and then ran away with ____3____. A speaker might say, “I can’t ____4____ (real) believe it! Bob actually stole the Christmas present.” Here, “actually” shows that what happened was unexpected. Speakers can use “actually” to show good feelings, too. Take Ted, for example, a person who often forgets ____5____ (give) gifts at Christmas. His parents may show their surprise at ____6____ (receive) a gift from Ted by saying, “Ted actually gave us a gift!” Here, the word shows that they are pleasantly surprised: Ted ____7____ (remember) Christmas that day! ____8____ fact, they felt rather happy. Next time you listen to an English speaker, try to find words ____9____ show what people mean. Is the speaker showing surprise or regret? How does the speaker change the pitch of their voice? By answering these ____10____ (question), you will learn how English speakers communicate feelings in subtle ways. 六、阅读理解 （教材主题拓展·英美英语与构词法） When I moved from New York to London, I thought I would have few language problems. After all, people in both cities speak English. But on my first morning, my British host asked me to take the lift to her flat. I looked around in confusion. She smiled and explained that a lift is an elevator and a flat is an apartment. Later, we drove along the motorway. When I asked if we could stop for gas, she pointed to a petrol station. In the evening, we went to the theatre. I noticed that British English sometimes keeps “-re” at the end of a word, while American English uses “-er”, as in theatre and theater. My host also showed me how word formation could help. The word “unhappy” uses the prefix “un-” to express an opposite meaning. “Improvement” adds “-ment” to a verb to make a noun. “Sunflower” combines two smaller words, while “ASAP” takes the first letters of “as soon as possible”. These patterns make unfamiliar words less frightening. 32．What confused the writer on the first morning? A．The meaning of the word “gas”. B．The spelling of the word “theatre”. C．The meanings of “lift” and “flat”. D．The pronunciation of American English. 33．What is “motorway” called in American English? A．Petrol. B．Highway. C．Underground. D．Elevator. 34．Which word is formed by adding a suffix? A．Sunflower. B．ASAP. C．Unhappy. D．Improvement. 35．What does the passage mainly suggest? A．Word parts and context can help us understand English. B．American English is easier than British English. C．All English words are formed in the same way. D．British people seldom use abbreviations. 七、七选五 （21-22高三上·山东威海·期中） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Keep Your Culture Alive Think of any objects in your house, meals you eat, or gestures you use, and you’ll find evidence of culture. Culture has shaped who you are. ____1____ Here’re some tips. Share your culture’s art and techniques. Each culture has its own clothing, music, visual arts, and many more distinguishing characteristics. Other members of your culture will be overjoyed to share or talk about their interests, what they do for fun, and fine works of art they appreciate. This may include traditional artifacts you can find in a museum, but material culture goes far beyond that. ____2____ Cook family recipes. It’s never too late to learn some recipes from your grandmother’s cookbook. ____3____ During the process, you might remember meals from your childhood or festivals. Just reading a recipe can teach you how much ingredients and kitchen tools have changed. ____4____ Your city or village may have some cultural events, which you should actively participate in. If you don’t know of any in your area, some tribes or ethnic groups in your country almost certainly celebrate major cultural festivals. Travel to these places to get a broader perspective on your culture. Speak your local dialect. If you know someone who shares your culture but speaks a native tongue better than you, or in other words, in a more authentic way, ask him or her to teach you. Language is an important part of a culture. ____5____ Plus, if the language is rare in your area, nobody will be able to catch on to what you’re talking about. A. Attend major events and festivals. B. Travel abroad to celebrate cultural festivals. C. Smell and taste have a powerful connection to memory. D. Even a kitchen spoon or a public building is cultural artwork. E. You should learn more about it and know how you can keep it strong. F. Many experts argue that language shapes our whole view about the world. G. They will disappear with time if you do not make efforts to preserve them. 八、阅读理解 （21-22高一上·吉林通化·阶段检测） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today’s hanzi. By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600-1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221-207 BCE). Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past. People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture. Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language. 21. The text is mainly about ________. A. The Chinese picture-based language B. The history of the Chinese writing system C. The past and the present D. The importance of Chinese calligraphy 22. The writer organized the text by ________. A. giving examples B. time order C. making comparison D. space order 23. More and more international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history because ________. A. China plays a greater role in international affairs B. the Chinese writing system is important in the world C. China’s language is amazing for international students D. Chinese calligraphy has a long history $