Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元主题组合练 试题+讲解课件 -2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

高中英语人教版（2019）单元主题组合练必修一 Unit Four 阅读理解 A Scientists have revealed much of the basics about earthquakes: tectonic plates(构造板块)move, causing strain energy (应变能) to build up, and that energy eventually releases in the form of an earthquake. However, forecasting earthquakes remains a significant challenge, which was evidenced by the 2011 great Tohoku earthquake. In addition to causing a tsunami that led to the Fukushima nuclear disaster, it resulted in more than 18,000 deaths. In recent years, researchers have been trying to figure out a possible relation between the sun and earthquakes. Based on a previous study that connected solar activity with earthquakes, a study conducted by researchers from the University of Tsukuba (UT)cast light on this possibility, confirming that sunspot numbers had some influence on earthquakes and Earth’s climate, as affected by solar heat, played a role. “Solar heat drives atmospheric temperature changes, which in turn can affect things like rock properties and underground water movement,” said Junqueira Saldanha, leader of the research team. “Such changes can make rocks tend to break apart. For example, the changes in rainfall and snowmelt can affect the pressure on tectonic plate boundaries. While these factors may not be the main drivers of earthquakes, they could still be playing a role that can help to predict earthquakes.” Among other findings, the researchers used mathematical and computational methods to analyze earthquake data alongside solar activity records and surface temperatures on Earth. They observed that when they included Earth surface temperatures into their model, the forecasting became more accurate, especially for shallow earthquakes. “That makes sense, since heat and water mostly affect the upper layers of the Earth’s crust (地壳),” said Saldanha. The findings suggest the transfer of solar heat to the surface of the Earth does affect earthquakes, however minutely, and that incorporating solar activity predictions into detailed Earth temperature models may help issue earthquake forecasts. “It’s an exciting direction, and we hope our study can decipher the bigger picture of what causes earthquakes,” said Saldanha. 8. Why did the author mention Tohoku earthquake in paragraph 1? A. To demonstrate the movement of tectonic plates. B. To illustrate the difficulty in earthquake forecast. C. To reveal the heavy losses caused by earthquakes. D. To stress the necessity of weakening strain energy. 9. What does the study by UT mainly focus on? A. The climate change caused by earthquakes. B. The impact of solar activity on atmosphere. C. The reasons for increased sunspot numbers. D. The link between sunspots and earthquakes. 10. Which of the following would Saldanha agree? A. Solar heat decides earthquake frequency. B. Tectonic plate pressure grows constantly. C. Earthquakes occur in the crust’s upper layer. D. Solar activity data helps predict earthquakes. 11. What does the underlined word “decipher” in the last paragraph mean? A. Reveal. B. Distinguish. C. Expand. D. Assess. B Somewhere in the sky, lightning is forming. Although the possibility of getting struck in your lifetime is roughly 1 in 12,000, a human does provide an attractive target for lightning bolts (闪电). Here’s what you should expect if you ever find yourself in the path of lightning. A lot can happen in the three milliseconds it takes for a lightning bolt to course through your body. Lightning strikes may leave you with deep wounds, often accompanied with third degree burns. Your clothes might even be torn by the explosive force of the surrounding air being superheated to up to 27,700 ℃. Blood vessels (血管) exploding from the electric shock and heat often create something called a Lichtenberg figure on your skin. This is a pattern of scars (伤疤) that branches out across your body like a tree. But it doesn’t end there. You might also be faced with a lifetime of neurological (神经系统的) conditions for reasons that scientists still don’t fully understand. It’s also possible that you will suffer from pain. In some cases, however, a lightning strike can lead to strange super talents. In a blog post, University of Miami neuroscientist Berit Brogaard writes about an incident where a surgeon who was struck by lightning developed an urge to learn to play the piano. He began to compose music he had started hearing in his head since the strike. This type of phenomenon confuses scientists. One theory that Brogaard says is that cell death caused by being struck by lightning could cause a one-time flooding of the brain with neurotransmitters(神经递质)that are released from the dying neurons(神经元). This causes a rewiring of neurons, providing access to areas of the brain that were previously inaccessible. Cool as it would be, you shouldn’t count on lightning turning you into a genius in one flash. Most of its results are painful, and could stay with you for the rest of your life. 8. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A. 1 in 12,000 may die from lightning bolts. B. Lightning attacks can heat bodies to 27,700 ℃. C. Humans are the most likely target for lightning bolts. D. Branching scars are typical after lightning attacks. 9. What happened to the surgeon after the strike? A. He suffered a lifetime of neurological pain. B. His brain was left in a fixed state of death. C. His unexplored brain areas were activated. D. He recalled hidden memories about music. 10. What does the underlined word “This” refer to in paragraph 5? A. The flooding of brain's neurotransmitters. B. The cell death due to lightning strikes. C. The rewiring of brain neurons. D. The release of dying neurons. 11. What is the text mainly about? A. The process of lightning formation. B. The consequences of being struck by lightning. C. The possibility of lightning making a genius. D. The chances of surviving a lightning strike. 七选五 Mudslide and debris flow(泥石流)events are characterized by the rapid downhill movement of soil, rocks and other debris. Mudslides are a type of landslide that result from the failure of a slope, and often occurs due to the long time rainfall._____36_____Therefore, mind evacuation warnings immediately, which may ensure your personal and property safety. And understanding the causes of mudslides and debris flows is essential for communities situated in places. ____37____We should expect a coordinated(协调的)response, including search and rescue operations, medical assistance and the establishment of emergency shelters. Wait until emergency officials declare the area safe before returning to your home. Take care of unstable ground, potential structural damage and dangers. The event could cause environmental changes, including blocking roads. Community members should prepare for potential sheltering-in-place plan and consider evacuation routes. Challenges with transportation routes also matter. The movement of debris, including trees, can block transportation and access to essential services. ____38____ After high-flow events, health dangers remain, including broken power lines, telephone lines and so on. ____39____ Understanding the geographical and environmental factors contributing to these events in the region is crucial. This knowledge empowers individuals to make informed decisions about where to live, work and recreate, considering the potential risks posed by natural dangers. Mudslides and debris flows can easily knock out critical facilities systems. ____40____ For those who require power for medical needs, contact your local providers for the medical basic program which offers early notices of possible power cuts that give residents time to adjust emergency plans. A. It includes rescue operations. B. They often happen suddenly and fast. C. It can occur many years after wildfires. D. Other risks include hidden sharp objects. E. Stay informed about possible power cuts in your area. F. People should plan for potential block and have alternative routes. G. Post-event, emergency services play a vital role in response efforts. 完形填空 Elizabeth Wilkins and her husband needed good news after they lost nearly all their belongings. Their house fell into a river swollen by a glacial-outburst flood and their cat, Leo, went 1 . On Aug 5, the river flooding 2 the community when they were away on the mountain biking trip. Several homes were destroyed or partially destroyed. None of the 3 was as notable as that of their house, with video of this widely shared online. The couple 4 to the site of the house three days later to sort out new living arrangements and search for Leo, with the 5 of having an encounter with their beloved cat again. Wilkins was holding onto the belief that if any animal would 6 the house falling into the river, it would be Leo, the couple’s black and white cat who shows no 7 of bears. They called out Leo’s name and left food for him in the coop (笼子). By then, it seemed like everyone in the 8 was looking for him. There were plenty of 9 of Leo, but it appeared that there were just many black-and-white 10 cats in the neighbourhood. Eventually, her faith 11 26 days after the flood when a photo of Leo was posted to the Facebook page. She 12 to meet Leo. When Leo did turn up, he appeared to be a little thinner, but otherwise 13 fine. ‌“It’s 14 to have him back and it’s nice to have some good news,” she said. And just like Leo, some of their other 15 are finding their way back to them, but not in as good of condition as the cat. 1.A.injured B.sinking C.missing D.hungry 2.A.struck B.followed C.warned D.passed 3.A.villages B.eruption C.houses D.damage 4.A.headed B.returned C.moved D.advanced 5.A.truth B.memory C.hope D.secret 6.A.leave B.prevent C.escape D.survive 7.A.fear B.pity C.admiration D.understanding 8.A.house B.country C.community D.mountain 9.A.tracks B.stories C.videos D.sightings 10.A.unhealthy B.unhoused C.unexpected D.unknown 11.A.fell off B.worked out C.paid off D.wore out 12.A.rushed B.wandered C.slid D.jumped 13.A.hardly B.totally C.partially D.especially 14.A.annoying B.amazing C.interesting D.confusing 15.A.bikes B.pets C.facilities D.belongings 语法填空 On December 30, 2021, a fast-moving wildfire in Superior, Colorado,      36     (destroy)Melanie Glover’s home and nearly 1,000 others. The pain of losing everything was great, but Glover was determined to rebuild     37    (use)earth blocks — a material used for thousands of years. Earthen construction, with a rich history in regions like northern China, has long provided fire-resistant, temperature-regulating homes,      38     (evidence)by China’s ancient underground cave homes and mud-brick houses with natural materials. Due to modern construction methods, earthen homes have become     39     (popular)in the US. However, early research suggests that earth blocks consistently survive fire and can harden under heat. For instance, in 2020,      40     the Bobcat Fire struck California, Stevie Love’s earth home remained untouched while the     41     (surround)land burned. Despite     42    (view)as a sustainable solution by homeowners like Glover, who combine traditional Chinese techniques with modern fire-resistance needs, building with earth remains     43     challenge due to its labor-intensive process and limited familiarity in mainstream construction. Glover’s rebuilding project required careful management, highlighting the broader challenges in promoting sustainable     44     (alternative). Earthen architecture, which bridges ancient wisdom with modern crises, draws on China’s Neolithic(新石器時代)innovations     45    , through its rebirth, effortlessly integrates traditional knowledge with sustainable strategies to address the pressing environmental challenges of today. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $阅读理解A Scientists have revealed much of the basics about earthquakes: tectonic plates(构造板块)move, causing strain energy (应变能) to build up, and that energy eventually releases in the form of an earthquake. However, forecasting earthquakes remains a significant challenge, which was evidenced by the 2011 great Tohoku earthquake. In addition to causing a tsunami that led to the Fukushima nuclear disaster, it resulted in more than 18,000 deaths. (第一段) 8. Why did the author mention Tohoku earthquake in paragraph 1? A. To demonstrate the movement of tectonic plates. B. To illustrate the difficulty in earthquake forecast. C. To reveal the heavy losses caused by earthquakes. D. To stress the necessity of weakening strain energy. ✓ In recent years, researchers have been trying to figure out a possible relation between the sun and earthquakes. Based on a previous study that connected solar activity with earthquakes, a study conducted by researchers from the University of Tsukuba (UT) cast light on this possibility, confirming that sunspot numbers had some influence on earthquakes and Earth’s climate, as affected by solar heat, played a role.（第二段） 9. What does the study by UT mainly focus on? A. The climate change caused by earthquakes. B. The impact of solar activity on atmosphere. C. The reasons for increased sunspot numbers. D. The link between sunspots and earthquakes. ✓ 太阳黑子 “Solar heat drives atmospheric temperature changes, which in turn can affect things like rock properties and underground water movement,” said Junqueira Saldanha, leader of the research team. “Such changes can make rocks tend to break apart. For example, the changes in rainfall and snowmelt can affect the pressure on tectonic plate boundaries. While these factors may not be the main drivers of earthquakes, they could still be playing a role that can help to predict earthquakes.” Among other findings, the researchers used mathematical and computational methods to analyze earthquake data alongside solar activity records and surface temperatures on Earth. They observed that when they included Earth surface temperatures into their model, the forecasting became more accurate, especially for shallow earthquakes. “That makes sense, since heat and water mostly affect the upper layers of the Earth’s crust (地壳),” said Saldanha. The findings suggest the transfer of solar heat to the surface of the Earth does affect earthquakes, however minutely, and that incorporating solar activity predictions into detailed Earth temperature models may help issue earthquake forecasts. “It’s an exciting direction, and we hope our study can decipher the bigger picture of what causes earthquakes,” said Saldanha. 10. Which of the following would Saldanha agree? A. Solar heat decides earthquake frequency. B. Tectonic plate pressure grows constantly. C. Earthquakes occur in the crust’s upper layer. D. Solar activity data helps predict earthquakes. ✓ 11. What does the underlined word “decipher” in the last paragraph mean? A. Reveal. B. Distinguish. C. Expand. D. Assess. 极其微小地 纳入；包含；合并 发布 阅读理解B Somewhere in the sky, lightning is forming. Although the possibility of getting struck in your lifetime is roughly 1 in 12,000, a human does provide an attractive target for lightning bolts(闪电). Here’s what you should expect if you ever find yourself in the path of lightning. (第一段) 8. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A. 1 in 12,000 may die from lightning bolts. B. Lightning attacks can heat bodies to 27,700 ℃. C. Humans are the most likely target for lightning bolts. D. Branching scars are typical after lightning attacks. A lot can happen in the three milliseconds it takes for a lightning bolt to course through your body. Lightning strikes may leave you with deep wounds, often accompanied with third degree burns. Your clothes might even be torn by the explosive force of the surrounding air being superheated to up to 27,700 ℃. Blood vessels(血管) exploding from the electric shock and heat often create something called a Lichtenberg figure on your skin. This is a pattern of scars (伤疤) that branches out across your body like a tree. (第二段) 8. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A. 1 in 12,000 may die from lightning bolts. B. Lightning attacks can heat bodies to 27,700 ℃. C. Humans are the most likely target for lightning bolts. D. Branching scars are typical after lightning attacks. ✓ 毫秒 流过；穿行于 结果状语 向外伸展；分叉蔓延 But it doesn’t end there. You might also be faced with a lifetime of neurological(神经系统的)conditions for reasons that scientists still don’t fully understand. It’s also possible that you will suffer from pain. In some cases, however, a lightning strike can lead to strange super talents. In a blog post, University of Miami neuroscientist Berit Brogaard writes about an incident where a surgeon who was struck by lightning developed an urge to learn to play the piano. He began to compose music he had started hearing in his head since the strike. This type of phenomenon confuses scientists. (第四段) 冲动 One theory that Brogaard says is that cell death caused by being struck by lightning could cause a one-time flooding of the brain with neurotransmitters(神经递质)that are released from the dying neurons(神经元). This causes a rewiring of neurons, providing access to areas of the brain that were previously inaccessible. (第五段) 9. What happened to the surgeon after the strike? A. He suffered a lifetime of neurological pain. B. His brain was left in a fixed state of death. C. His unexplored brain areas were activated. D. He recalled hidden memories about music. ✓ adj. 一次性的；瞬时发生的 现在分词做结果状语 （神经）重新布线、重新连接 One theory that Brogaard says is that cell death caused by being struck by lightning could cause a one-time flooding of the brain with neurotransmitters(神经递质)that are released from the dying neurons(神经元). This causes a rewiring of neurons, providing access to areas of the brain that were previously inaccessible. (第五段) 10. What does the underlined word “This” refer to in paragraph 5? A. The flooding of brain's neurotransmitters. B. The cell death due to lightning strikes. C. The rewiring of brain neurons. D. The release of dying neurons. ✓ adj. 一次性的；瞬时发生的 现在分词做结果状语 （神经）重新布线、重新连接 Cool as it would be, you shouldn’t count on lightning turning you into a genius in one flash. Most of its results are painful, and could stay with you for the rest of your life. (最后一段) 11. What is the text mainly about? A. The process of lightning formation. B. The consequences of being struck by lightning. C. The possibility of lightning making a genius. D. The chances of surviving a lightning strike. ✓ adj./adv./n.+as+句子，as 为“尽管” 依靠；依赖=rely on=depend on 七选五 A. It includes rescue operations. B. They often happen suddenly and fast. C. It can occur many years after wildfires. D. Other risks include hidden sharp objects. E. Stay informed about possible power cuts in your area. F. People should plan for potential block and have alternative routes. G. Post-event, emergency services play a vital role in response efforts. Mudslide and debris flow(泥石流)events are characterized by the rapid downhill movement of soil, rocks and other debris. Mudslides are a type of landslide that result from the failure of a slope, and often occurs due to the long time rainfall.__36__Therefore, mind evacuation warnings immediately, which may ensure your personal and property safety. And understanding the causes of mudslides and debris flows is essential for communities situated in places. B 应急响应工作、处置行动、救援工作 A. It includes rescue operations. B. They often happen suddenly and fast. C. It can occur many years after wildfires. D. Other risks include hidden sharp objects. E. Stay informed about possible power cuts in your area. F. People should plan for potential block and have alternative routes. G. Post-event, emergency services play a vital role in response efforts. ___37__We should expect a coordinated(协调的)response, including search and rescue operations, medical assistance and the establishment of emergency shelters. Wait until emergency officials declare the area safe before returning to your home. Take care of unstable ground, potential structural damage and dangers. G 应急响应工作、处置行动、救援工作 A. It includes rescue operations. B. They often happen suddenly and fast. C. It can occur many years after wildfires. D. Other risks include hidden sharp objects. E. Stay informed about possible power cuts in your area. F. People should plan for potential block and have alternative routes. G. Post-event, emergency services play a vital role in response efforts. The event could cause environmental changes, including blocking roads. Community members should prepare for potential sheltering-in-place plan and consider evacuation routes. Challenges with transportation routes also matter. The movement of debris, including trees, can block transportation and access to essential services. ____38____ F 就地避难、就地避险（不撤离到外面，待在原地安全区域） A. It includes rescue operations. B. They often happen suddenly and fast. C. It can occur many years after wildfires. D. Other risks include hidden sharp objects. E. Stay informed about possible power cuts in your area. F. People should plan for potential block and have alternative routes. G. Post-event, emergency services play a vital role in response efforts. After high-flow events, health dangers remain, including broken power lines, telephone lines and so on. ___39___ Understanding the geographical and environmental factors contributing to these events in the region is crucial. This knowledge empowers individuals to make informed decisions about where to live, work and recreate, considering the potential risks posed by natural dangers. D 水文灾害术语：洪水暴涨事件、高流量汛情（多指山洪、洪流） 使… 有能力；助力 有依据的；知情的；经过充分了解的 A. It includes rescue operations. B. They often happen suddenly and fast. C. It can occur many years after wildfires. D. Other risks include hidden sharp objects. E. Stay informed about possible power cuts in your area. F. People should plan for potential block and have alternative routes. G. Post-event, emergency services play a vital role in response efforts. Mudslides and debris flows can easily knock out critical facilities systems. __40__For those who require power for medical needs, contact your local providers for the medical basic program which offers early notices of possible power cuts that give residents time to adjust emergency plans. E 摧毁；使瘫痪、中断运转 停电 完形填空 Elizabeth Wilkins and her husband needed good news after they lost nearly all their belongings. Their house fell into a river swollen by a glacial-outburst flood and their cat, Leo, went 1 . On Aug 5, the river flooding 2 the community when they were away on the mountain biking trip. Several homes were destroyed or partially destroyed. None of the 3 was as notable as that of their house, with video of this widely shared online. 1.A.injured B.sinking C.missing D.hungry 2.A.struck B.followed C.warned D.passed 3.A.villages B.eruption C.houses D.damage √ √ √ with+宾语+宾语补足语 The couple 4 to the site of the house three days later to sort out new living arrangements and search for Leo, with the 5 of having an encounter with their beloved cat again. Wilkins was holding onto the belief that if any animal would 6 the house falling into the river, it would be Leo, the couple’s black and white cat who shows no 7 of bears. 4.A.headed B.returned C.moved D.advanced 5.A.truth B.memory C.hope D.secret 6.A.leave B.prevent C.escape D.survive 7.A.fear B.pity C.admiration D.understanding √ √ √ √ They called out Leo’s name and left food for him in the coop (笼子). By then, it seemed like everyone in the 8 was looking for him. There were plenty of 9 of Leo, but it appeared that there were just many black-and-white 10 cats in the neighbourhood. 8.A.house B.country C.community D.mountain 9.A.tracks B.stories C.videos D.sightings 10.A.unhealthy B.unhoused C.unexpected D.unknown √ √ √ 看见；目睹 Eventually, her faith 11 26 days after the flood when a photo of Leo was posted to the Facebook page. She 12 to meet Leo. When Leo did turn up, he appeared to be a little thinner, but otherwise 13 fine. “It’s 14 to have him back and it’s nice to have some good news,” she said. And just like Leo, some of their other 15 are finding their way back to them, but not in as good of condition as the cat. 11.A.fell off B.worked out C.paid off D.wore out 12.A.rushed B.wandered C.slid D.jumped 13.A.hardly B.totally C.partially D.especially 14.A.annoying B.amazing C.interesting D.confusing 15.A.bikes B.pets C.facilities D.belongings √ √ √ 否则；除此以外；在其他方面 √ √ 语法填空 On December 30, 2021, a fast-moving wildfire in Superior, Colorado, 36 (destroy)Melanie Glover’s home and nearly 1,000 others. The pain of losing everything was great, but Glover was determined to rebuild 37 (use)earth blocks—a material used for thousands of years. 36.destroyed 37.using Earthen construction, with a rich history in regions like northern China, has long provided fire-resistant, temperature-regulating homes, 38 (evidence)by China’s ancient underground cave homes and mud-brick houses with natural materials. Due to modern construction methods, earthen homes have become 39 (popular)in the US. However, early research suggests that earth blocks consistently survive fire and can harden under heat. For instance, in 2020, 40 the Bobcat Fire struck California, Stevie Love’s earth home remained untouched while the 41 (surround)land burned. 38.evidenced 39.less popular 40.when 41.surrounding Despite 42 (view)as a sustainable solution by homeowners like Glover, who combine traditional Chinese techniques with modern fire-resistance needs, building with earth remains 43 challenge due to its labor-intensive process and limited familiarity in mainstream construction. Glover’s rebuilding project required careful management, highlighting the broader challenges in promoting sustainable 44 (alternative). Earthen architecture, which bridges ancient wisdom with modern crises, draws on China’s Neolithic(新石器時代)innovations 45 , through its rebirth, effortlessly integrates traditional knowledge with sustainable strategies to address the pressing environmental challenges of today. 42.being viewed 43.a 44.alternatives 45.and 利用；凭借 $