Unit 1 Friendship Grammar 形容词的比较级和最高级 2026-2027学年译林版英语八年级上册

该初中英语导学案聚焦译林版八年级上册Unit 1 Friendship的形容词比较级与最高级语法专项，从比较等级概念入手，通过规则与不规则变化表格构建基础，再分层讲解比较级（含than结构、选择句型等）和最高级（含范围表达、序数词修饰等）用法，形成递进式学习支架。 资料以表格对比清晰呈现变化规则，分类梳理六种比较级和四种最高级用法，配套“小试牛刀”分层练习（单选、填空等）及高频考点提示，助力学生夯实语言能力，通过用法辨析培养思维品质，自主练习设计提升学习能力。

译林版英语八年级上册Unit 1 Friendship语法专项 形容词的比较级与最高级 一、比较等级的概念 形容词有三个比较等级:原级(表示原样)、比较级(表示"更……")、最高级(表示"最……")。 原级:不比较,原形(as…as 中用原级) 比较级:两者比较,常含than, 最高级:三者或以上比较,常加the及范围 例句:I am tall. 我个子高。 My cousin is taller than I am. 我的表哥比我高。 He is the tallest among three of us. 他是我们三个之中最高的。 二、比较级和最高级的构成 (一)规则变化 形容词比较级和最高级规则变化 规则 构成方式 原级 比较级 最高级 大部分单音节和部分双音节词 加er /est tall long short near taller longer shorter nearer tallest longest shortest nearest 以e结尾 加r /st nice large late wide cute nicer larger later wider cuter nicest largest latest widest cutest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾 y变i,加er /est early busy happy easy heavy lazy lucky hungry angry noisy earlier busier happier easier heavier lazier luckier hungrier angrier noisier earliest busiest happiest easiest heaviest laziest luckiest hungriest angriest noisiest 重读闭音节 双写末尾辅音加 er / est big hot thin slim fat red sad bigger hotter thinner slimmer fatter redder sadder biggest hottest thinnest slimmest fattest reddest saddest 多音节词和部分双音节词 前加more/most beautiful important delicious careful interesting expensive popular excited tired more beautiful more important more delicious more careful more interesting more expensive more popular more excited more tired most beautiful most important most delicious most careful most interesting most expensive most popular most excited most tired (二)不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 说明 good/ well(健康的) better best 好 bad / ill / badly worse worst 坏 many / much more most 多 little less least 少 far farther / further farthest / furthest 远(farther表距离,further表程度) old older / elder oldest / eldest 老(older表年龄新旧,elder表兄弟姐妹长幼) 三、形容词比较级用法 (一)通常情况下,我们用“比较级 + than”来引出比较的第二部分。 This picture is more beautiful than that one. 这幅画比那幅画更漂亮。 My sister is younger than me. 我妹妹比我小。 Tom is taller than Mike. 汤姆比迈克高。 ️高频考点提示:比较级 + than 结构中,比较对象必须一致(同类比较): The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.(用 that 指代 weather,不能省略) The books on this shelf are more than those on that shelf.(用 those 指代 books) 总结:that指代单数及不可数名词,those指代复数名词 【小试牛刀】 ( )1. The students in our class are more active than in their class. A. that B. those C. one D. ones ( )2. His English is much better than . A. I B. me C. my D. mine ( )3. The price of this computer is higher than of that one. A. It B. that C. those D. one 4.这座大楼比那座更高。 This building is (高) than over there. 5.男生的书包比女生的更重。 Boys’ schoolbags are (重) than of girls. 6.我的卧室比他的更整洁。 My bedroom is (整洁) than . (二)我们常用“which/who + 比较级, or ?” 的句型来表示在两者中选择。 Which picture is more beautiful, this one or that one? 这幅画和那幅画,哪个更漂亮? 【小试牛刀】 ( )1. Which is , the sun or the moon? A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest ( )2. Who runs , Tom or Jack? A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest ( )3. Which subject do you like , Chinese or English? A. well B. better C. best D. the best ( )4. —Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? —I think coffee is . A. good B. well C. better D. best ( )5. is more beautiful, the red dress or the blue one? A. Who B. Which C. What D. Whose 6. Math is difficult. English is more difficult.(用“which 比较级”改写) (三)我们可在比较级前加上a little、much、even、far、a lot、a bit等词来表示程度。 China is much larger than Japan. 中国比日本大得多。 This question is even more difficult than that one. 这道题比那道还难。 much more difficult 难得的多 ️1. 这些修饰词放在比较级前面,多音节词则放在 more 前面; 2. very、so、too、quite 不能修饰比较级,只能修饰原级。 【小试牛刀】 一、单项选择。 ( )1. This box is heavier than that one. A. very B. much C. so D. too ( )2. He is taller than his brother. Just 2 centimetres. A. very B. a little C. so D. quite ( )3. This question is more difficult than that one. I can't work it out. A. so B. very C. even D. too ( )4. The weather today is colder than yesterday. A. Very B. much C. so D. quite ( )5. My new bike is more expensive than the old one. A. a lot B. very C. so D. too ( )6. Our school is becoming more beautiful than before. A. very B. much C. so D. quite 二、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1.This story is much (exciting) than that one. 2.My bedroom is even (clean) than my brother’s. 3.The blue coat is far (expensive) than the black one. 4.She is a little (slim) than she was last year. 5.This maths problem is a lot (difficult) than that one. 6.The weather today is a bit (hot) than yesterday. (四)我们用“比较级+and+比较级”(越来越)的结构来表示人或事物本身程度的改变,多音节词用more and more +原级。 China is becoming stronger and stronger. 中国正变得越来越强大。 She is becoming more and more beautiful. 她变得越来越漂亮了。 【小试牛刀】 一、单项选择。 ( )1. Our country is becoming . A. strong and strong B. stronger and stronger C. more strong and more strong D. strongest and strongest ( )2. She is becoming . A. beautiful and beautiful B. more beautiful and more beautiful C. more and more beautiful D. beautifuler and beautifuler ( )3. The weather is getting . A. cold and cold B. colder and colder C. more cold and more cold D. coldest and coldest ( )4. Things are becoming because of the heavy rain. A. bad and bad B. worse and worse C. more bad and more bad D. worst and worst ( )5. With the help of the Internet, the world is becoming . A. small and small B. smaller and smaller C. more small and more small D. smallest and smallest 二、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. The river is getting and (dirty). We must do something. 2. The film is becoming and (exciting). Everyone is watching carefully. 3. After practising every day, her English is getting and (good). 三、完成句子。 1.天气变得越来越冷。 The weather is getting . 2.她长得越来越苗条。 She is becoming and . 3.这座城市变得越来越漂亮。 This city becomes . 4.我的英语变得越来越好。 My English gets and . 5.网络游戏变得越来越受欢迎。 Online games are becoming . (五)the+比较级, the +比较级:“越……就越……” The more you read, the more you know. 你读得越多,知道得越多。 The harder you work, the better result you will get. 你越努力,结果就越好。 The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越仔细,犯的错就越少。 【小试牛刀】 1、 单项选择。 ( )1. hard you practise, better your skills will be. A. The; the B. More; more C. Much; much D. Very; very ( )2.The careful you are, the mistakes you will make. A. more; fewer B. more; less C. much; few D. many; little 二、完成句子。 1.你吃得越少,你就越苗条。 you eat, you will be. 2.朋友越多,越开心。 friends you have, you feel. (六)the + 比较级 + of the two/twins:“两个中较……的那个”(比较级前要加the的情况) He is the taller of the two boys. 他是两个男孩中较高的那个。 This one is the more beautiful of the two. 这个是两个中更漂亮的。 【小试牛刀】 ( )1. He is of the two boys. A. tall B. taller C. the taller D. the tallest ( )2. This one is of the two pictures. A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. the more beautiful D. the most beautiful ( )3. She is of the two sisters. A. young B. younger C. the younger D. the youngest ( )4. Which is of the two, this one or that one? A. good B. better C. the better D. the best 四、形容词最高级用法 (一)我们用“the+最高级+比较范围”的结构来表示在某一范围内“最……”。介词of和among后面接表示范围的人或事物,in 后面接表示范围的地点或组织。 I am the tallest of/among the three. 我是三个人中最高的。 Russia is the largest country in the world by area. 俄罗斯是世界上面积最大的国家。 【小试牛刀】 一、单项选择。 ( )1. I am of the three boys in my family. A. tall B. taller C. the tallest D. tallest ( )2. Russia is country in the world by area. A. Large B. larger C. the largest D. largest ( )3. The Yangtze River is river in China. A. long B. longer C. the longest D. longest ( )4. Which is , the sun, the moon or the earth? A. big B. bigger C. the biggest D. biggest ( )5. She is the most careful the three girls in the team. A. in B. of C. at D. on ( )6. Mount Everest is mountain in the world. A. high B. higher C. the highest D. highest 二、用of/among/in填空。 1. Tom is the tallest all the students in our class. 2. China is one of the largest countries the world. 3. She is the most hard-working the three sisters. 4. The library is the biggest our school. (2) 我们用“形容词性物主代词 + 最高级”的结构来表示某人或事物的“最……”。 Peter is his oldest son. 彼得是他的长子。 注意:此时形容词的最高级前不需要加定冠词 the。 【小试牛刀】 ( )1. Peter is oldest son in the family. A. his B. the his C. his the D. the ( )2. This is best book I have ever read. A. my B. the my C. my the D. a my ( )3. She is best friend. We have known each other for ten years. A. the B. my C. my the D. the my ( )4. Yao Ming is one of China’s basketball players. A. the most famous B. most famous C. the more famous D. more famous (三)我们可以用序数词修饰形容词的最高级。 In the USA, the second largest city is Los Angeles. 美国的第二大城市是洛杉矶。 【小试牛刀】 一、单项选择。 ( )1. In the USA, the largest city is Los Angeles. A. Two B. second C. twice D. the second ( )2. The Yellow River is the longest river in China. A. two B. second C. twice D. secondly ( )3. China is the largest country in the world by area. A. three B. third C. the third D. thirdly ( )4. The Nile is longest river in the world. A. the first B. first C. the one D. one 二、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Australia is the (six) largest country in the world by area. 2. He won the (three) first prize in the competition. 3. The (four) tallest building in this city is near our school. 4. India has the (two) largest population in the world. (四)“one of the +最高级+复数名词”表示“最……之一” Huai’an is one of the most beautiful cities in Jiangsu. 淮安是江苏最美的城市之一。 The Yangtze River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。 Yao Ming is one of the most famous basketball players in China. 姚明是中国最著名的篮球运动员之一。 【小试牛刀】 一、单项选择。 ( )1. The Yangtze River is one of in the world. A. the longest river B. the longest rivers C. longest rivers D. the longer rivers ( )2. Yao Ming is one of in China. A. the most famous basketball player B. the most famous basketball players C. most famous basketball players D. the more famous basketball players ( )3. This is one of films that I have ever seen. A. the most interesting B. the most interesting film C. the most interesting films D. most interesting films ( )4. One of the most famous writers in China Lu Xun. A. are B. is C. were D. be 二、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. The Great Wall is one of the greatest (wonder) in the world. 2. Mo Yan is one of the most famous (write) in China. 3. Suzhou is one of the most beautiful (city) in Jiangsu. 五、比较级表最高 (一)当主语属于这个整体范围时(同一班级/城市、国家),用“比较级 + than any other + 单数名词”(比其他任何一……都更……)或者“比较级 + than the other +可数名词复数”(比剩下所有的……都更……) Tom is taller than any other student in the class. 汤姆比班上其他任何学生都高。 =Tom is taller than the other students in the class. = Tom is the tallest student in the class. She is more careful than any other girl in the team. 她比队里其他任何女孩都细心。 =She is more careful than the other girls in the team. =She is the most careful girl in the team. 三种句型可以互换: the + 最高级 + 单数名词 + in/of 范围 = 比较级 + than any other + 单数名词 + in 范围 = 比较级 + than the other + 复数名词 + in 范围 (2) 当主语不在这个整体范围内(不同国家/地区),只用any +单数名词,不加other Chongqing is bigger than any city in Japan. 重庆比日本任何一座城市都大。(重庆不属于日本,不用other) 【小试牛刀】 一、单项选择。 ( )1. Chongqing is bigger than in Japan. A. any city B. any other city C. the other city D. other city ( )2. Pandas are more popular than in Africa. A. any animal B. any other animal C. the other animal D. other animal ( )3. Tom is taller than student in his class. A. any B. any other C. the other D. other ( )4. She is more careful than in the team. A. any girl B. any other girl C. the other girl D. other girl ( )5. Tom is taller than in his class. A. any other students B. the other students C. any student D. the other student ( )6. China is larger than country in Asia. A. any B. any other C. the other D. other ( )7. He is cleverer than boy in his group. A. any B. any other C. the other D. other 二、同义句转换。 1. Tom is the tallest student in his class. Tom is student in his class. 2.Tom is the tallest student in his class. Tom is in his class. 3.She is the most careful girl in the team. She is girl in the team. 4.She is the most careful girl in the team. She is more careful than in the team. 一、写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级。 tall nice big happy hot beautiful good bad little far thin many 二、单项选择。 ( )1. This box is than that one. A. heavy B. heavier C. heaviest D. the heaviest ( )2. She is the girl in our class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. most tall ( )3. The weather is getting and . A. cold; cold B. colder; colder C. coldest; coldest D. more cold; more cold ( )4. He runs than any other boy in his class. A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest ( )5. This question is more difficult than that one. A. very B. much C. too D. quite ( )6. Of the three boys, Tom is . A. tall B. taller C. the tallest D. tallest ( )7. The you work, the results you will get. A.hard; good B. harder; better C. hardest; best D. more hard; more good ( )8.Suzhou is more beautiful than city in Jiangsu. A. Any B. other C. any other D. the other ( )9.—Which is season in Huai’an? —I think it’s autumn. A. good B. better C. best D. the best ( )10.The more trees we plant, our city will be. A. the beautiful B. the more beautiful C. more beautiful D. the most beautiful ( )11.This maths problem is than that one. I can't work it out. A. very difficult B. much difficult C. much more difficult D. more easier ( )12. He is student in our class. We all like him. A. the most popular B. most popular C. the more popular D. more popular ( )13.The number of the students in our school is than before. A. much large B. much larger C. more large D. more larger ( )14.—Which city is , Nanjing, Suzhou or Huai’an? —Nanjing, I think. A. large B. larger C. the largest D. the larger ( )15.He did the work than his brother. A.more careful B. more carefully C. careful D. carefully ( )16.The Great Wall is longer than wall in Britain. A. any B. any other C. other D. the other 三、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. My sister is two years (old) than me. 2. This is the (interesting) book I have ever read. 3. The Yangtze River is the (long) river in China. 4. He is much (tall) than his father now. 5. Today is (hot) than yesterday. 6. Which is (big), the sun or the moon? 7. The weather in Huai’an is getting and (warm) in spring. 8. Of all the subjects, I think English is the (easy). 9. The (much) you read, the (much) you will learn. 10. This problem is far (difficult) than I thought. 11. She is the (good) singer I have ever heard. 12. The boy felt (excite) when he saw the rocket launch. 13. His health is getting and (bad). 14. The (high) you climb, the (beautiful) the view is. 三、按要求完成句子。 1. Tom is 1.7 metres tall. Jerry is 1.6 metres tall.(合并为一句) Tom is Jerry. 2. No one in our class is taller than Mike.(同义句转换) Mike is student in our class. 3. This book is more interesting than that one.(改为同义句) That book is interesting this one. 四、阅读短文,用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 Huai’an is a 1 (beauty) city in Jiangsu Province. It has a long history and many places of interest. Every year, 2 (million) of tourists come here. The weather in Huai’an is 3 (nice) than that in many other cities. Spring is the 4 (good) season of a year here. The weather gets 5 (warm) and warmer. The flowers start to bloom and the trees turn green. Summer is the 6 (hot) season. It is much 7 (hot) than spring. But people can go swimming in the rivers and lakes. Autumn is 8 (cool) than summer. The leaves turn yellow and red. It is a good time to visit the Zhou Enlai Memorial Hall. Winter is the 9 (cold) season. Sometimes it snows. Children feel very 10 (excite) when they see snow. They play happily in the snow. I love my hometown. It is the 11 (wonderful) place in the world. I hope more and more people will come and enjoy the 12 (tradition) culture here. 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $