Unit 4 My favourite stories.Lesson 3 (知识清单)-2026-2027学年重大版英语五年级上册

2026-09-01
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摘要:

该小学英语知识清单系统梳理了重大版五上Unit 4 Lesson 3内容,涵盖单元主题“Honesty Is Rewarded”、核心词汇、重点短语、核心句型、语法点及课文解析,搭建从词汇短语积累到句型语法应用再到语篇理解与价值观培养的递进式学习支架。 清单以分类分级方式构建知识体系,标注★重点语法(will用法、不规则动词过去式)、易错提示(honest前用an)及记忆口诀(“because接句子,because of接名词”),通过《金斧头》故事解析渗透文化意识,对比语法点(must与have to)提升思维品质,设计“故事排序”“讨论问题”等语用活动,助力学生自主学习,为教师提供精准教学支持。

内容正文:

重大版五上 Unit 4 My favourite stories. Lesson 3知识清单与详解 一、单元主题 Honesty Is Rewarded(诚实有回报) 本课是一则中国民间故事《金斧头》(又名《诚实的樵夫》)。一个大热天,樵夫在河边砍柴,不小心把斧头掉进了河里,他急得哭了,因为母亲生病,他需要砍柴买药。河神出现帮忙,先后拿出金斧头和银斧头,樵夫都诚实地说不是自己的。最后河神拿出铁斧头,樵夫确认是自己的。河神被樵夫的诚实打动,把三把斧头都送给了他。课文旨在引导学生明白诚实的可贵,诚实的人会得到回报。 二、核心词汇详解 序号 单词 音标 词性 释义 搭配 / 例句 1 woodcutter /ˈwʊdkʌtə(r)/ n. 樵夫,伐木工 a poor woodcutter 一个贫穷的樵夫 The woodcutter was honest. 由 wood(木头)+ cutter(切割者)构成 2 axe /æks/ n. 斧头 an axe 一把斧头 an iron axe 一把铁斧头 My axe fell into the river. 3 river /ˈrɪvə(r)/ n. 河,江 in the river 在河里 fall into the river 掉进河里 The River God 河神 4 gold /ɡəʊld/ n./adj. 金;金色的 a gold axe 一把金斧头 gold medal 金牌 That is a gold axe. 5 silver /ˈsɪlvə(r)/ n./adj. 银;银色的 a silver axe 一把银斧头 silver ring 银戒指 That is a silver axe. 6 iron /ˈaɪən/ n./adj. 铁;铁的 an iron axe 一把铁斧头 iron box 铁盒子 That is my iron axe. 7 honest /ˈɒnɪst/ adj. 诚实的 an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩 be honest 诚实 You are an honest boy. 8 medicine /ˈmedsn/ n. 药 buy her medicine 给她买药 take medicine 吃药 I can buy her medicine. 9 ill /ɪl/ adj. 生病的 be ill 生病 My mother is ill. 比较级:worse 10 cry /kraɪ/ v. 哭,哭泣 begin to cry 开始哭 Why are you crying? 过去式:cried 11 sure /ʃʊə(r)/ adj. 确信的,肯定的 be sure 确信 I'm very sure. 我非常确定。 Are you sure? 你确定吗? 12 modest /ˈmɒdɪst/ adj. 谦虚的 a modest boy 一个谦虚的男孩 be modest 谦虚 (预测题选项A,非正确答案) 易错提示: ① honest 以元音音素开头,前面用 an,如 an honest boy,不能用 a。 ② axe 以元音音素开头,前面用 an,如 an axe / an iron axe。 ③ ill 和 sick 都表示"生病的",ill 更正式,sick 更口语化;ill 只能作表语,sick 可作定语(a sick boy)。 ④ gold / silver / iron 既可作名词(金/银/铁),也可作形容词(金的/银的/铁的),如 a gold axe = an axe made of gold。 三、重点短语 短语 释义 例句 cut more wood 砍更多的柴 I must cut more wood. fell into the river 掉进河里 My axe fell into the river. can't get it out 拿不出来 I can't get it out. because of the axe 因为斧头 Are you crying because of the axe? be ill 生病 My mother is ill. have to cut wood 不得不砍柴 I have to cut wood. buy her medicine 给她买药 So I can buy her medicine. find your axe 找到你的斧头 I will find your axe. wait here 在这儿等 Wait here. a gold axe 一把金斧头 That's a gold axe. a silver axe 一把银斧头 That's a silver axe. an iron axe 一把铁斧头 That is my iron axe. be sure 确信 Yes, I'm very sure. an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩 You are an honest boy. give you all three axes 给你全部三把斧头 I will give you all three axes. thank you so much 非常感谢 Thank you so much. on a hot day 在一个大热天 I cut wood on a hot day. began to cry 开始哭 I began to cry. came to help me 来帮助我 The River God came to help me. went back home 回家 The woodcutter went back home. 四、核心句型 句型 1:must / have to 表"必须、不得不" But I must cut more wood. 但是我必须砍更多的柴。 I have to cut wood. So I can buy her medicine. 我不得不砍柴。这样我才能给她买药。 结构:主语 + must/have to + 动词原形. must 强调主观上的"必须";have to 强调客观上的"不得不"(因为外部原因必须做)。 must 没有人称和数的变化;have to 有人称变化(has to)。 例句:You must finish your homework. / I have to stay at home because it rains. 句型 2:Why are you crying? 现在进行时特殊疑问句 Why are you crying? 你为什么在哭? 结构:Why + be + 主语 + doing? 现在进行时的特殊疑问句,询问对方此刻正在做某事的原因。 cry 的现在分词是 crying(直接加 -ing)。 回答:Because + 句子. / I am + doing + 其他. 例句:—Why are you laughing? —Because the story is funny. / —Why is he running? —Because he is late. 句型 3:because of + 名词(因为……) Are you crying because of the axe? 你是因为斧头在哭吗? 结构:主语 + be + doing + because of + 名词/代词/动名词? because of 意为"因为、由于",后面接名词、代词或动名词(doing)。 区别:because 后面接句子;because of 后面接名词/代词/动名词。 例句:He is late because of the rain.(因为下雨,他迟到了。)= He is late because it rains. She is happy because of the good news.(因为好消息,她很开心。) 句型 4:will 表意愿/承诺/将来 ★重点 I will find your axe. Wait here. 我会找到你的斧头。在这儿等。 I will give you all three axes. 我要把三把斧头都给你。 结构:主语 + will + 动词原形 + 其他. will 是情态动词,意为"将要、会",表示将来的动作、意愿或承诺,后接动词原形。 will 没有人称和数的变化,否定形式是 won't(will not)。 课文中河神用 will 表示承诺和意愿:I will find your axe. / I will give you all three axes. 例句:I will help you. / She will come tomorrow. / We will not give up. 句型 5:Is this your...? 一般疑问句确认物品 Is this your axe? 这是你的斧头吗? 结构:Is this + 形容词性物主代词 + 名词? 一般疑问句,把 be 动词 is 提到句首,用来确认物品的归属。 肯定回答:Yes, it is. / Yes, that is my... 否定回答:No, it isn't. / No, that is not my... 课文中河神三次问 Is this your axe?,樵夫前两次否定,第三次肯定。 例句:—Is this your book? —Yes, it is. / —Is this your pen? —No, it isn't. 句型 6:be sure 表"确信、确定" Are you sure? Yes, I'm very sure. 你确定吗?是的,我非常确定。 结构:Be + 主语 + sure? / 主语 + be + (very) sure. be sure 意为"确信、确定",very 修饰 sure 加强语气。 拓展:be sure of sth. 确信某事;be sure to do sth. 一定会做某事;make sure 确保。 例句:—Are you sure? —Yes, I'm sure. / I'm sure of it. / Be sure to come early. 五、语法点精讲 1. will 的用法 ★重点 will 是情态动词,主要有以下用法: 用法 含义 例句 表将来 将要发生的动作或状态 I will go to school tomorrow. 表意愿 愿意做某事 I will help you. 表承诺 答应做某事 I will give you all three axes. 表请求/建议 用于疑问句 Will you help me? 否定形式 won't = will not I won't tell anyone. 注意:will 后始终接动词原形,没有人称和数的变化。 课文中河神两次使用 will:I will find your axe.(表意愿/承诺)/ I will give you all three axes.(表承诺/奖励) 2. 一般过去时——不规则动词过去式 ★重点 本课出现了多个不规则动词的过去式,需要特别记忆。 原形 过去式 课文例句 记忆提示 fall fell My axe fell into the river. a→e 变化 begin began I began to cry. i→a 变化 come came The River God came to help me. o→a 变化 give gave The River God gave me all three axes. i→a 变化 find found The River God found my iron axe. ou→ou 变化 take took The woodcutter took the three axes. a→oo 变化 go went The woodcutter went back home. o→ent 变化 is/am was My mother was ill. be 动词单数 are were They were happy. be 动词复数 规则动词过去式:cry→cried(变 y 为 i 加 ed) 3. must 与 have to 的区别 must 和 have to 都表示"必须",但有细微区别。 区别 must have to 语气来源 主观上认为必须做 客观原因迫使不得不做 人称变化 没有人称和数的变化 有第三人称单数 has to 时态 只有现在时 有多种时态(had to, will have to) 否定形式 mustn't(禁止) don't/doesn't have to(不必) 课文例句 I must cut more wood.(主观决心) I have to cut wood.(客观需要,因为母亲生病) 注意:mustn't 意为"禁止",don't have to 意为"不必",两者含义不同。 例句:You mustn't smoke here.(这里禁止吸烟。)/ You don't have to go.(你不必去。) 4. because 与 because of 的区别 because 和 because of 都表示"因为",但用法不同。 区别 because because of 词性 连词 介词短语 后面接 句子(主语+谓语) 名词/代词/动名词 课文例句 —(课文未直接用 because 接句子) Are you crying because of the axe? 例句对比 He is late because he gets up late. He is late because of getting up late. 记忆口诀:because 接句子,because of 接名词。 六、课文逐句解析(P.53-54) 预测题答案:B. honest(诚实的) 解析:故事中樵夫面对金斧头和银斧头都不动心,诚实地说不是自己的,最终得到了三把斧头的奖励。故事告诉我们要诚实(honest),而不是谦虚(modest)。 原文 翻译 解析 Woodcutter: It's very hot today. But I must cut more wood. 樵夫:今天很热。但是我必须砍更多的柴。 It's very hot. 天气很热(it 指代天气);must 必须(表主观决心);cut more wood 砍更多柴;交代故事背景——大热天樵夫仍在辛苦劳作。 Woodcutter: Oh, no! My axe! What can I do now? 樵夫:哦,不!我的斧头!我现在该怎么办? Oh, no! 哦,不!(表示惊讶/焦急);My axe! 我的斧头!(省略句,完整为 My axe fell!);What can I do now? 我现在该怎么办?(寻求解决办法);斧头掉进河里,樵夫非常焦急。 River God: Why are you crying? 河神:你为什么在哭? Why are you crying? 现在进行时特殊疑问句;crying 是 cry 的现在分词;河神出现,询问樵夫哭泣的原因。 Woodcutter: My axe fell into the river. I can't get it out. 樵夫:我的斧头掉进河里了。我拿不出来。 fell 是 fall 的过去式(不规则);fall into the river 掉进河里;can't get it out 拿不出来(get...out 把……拿出来);it 指代 axe;樵夫说明哭泣的原因。 River God: Are you crying because of the axe? 河神:你是因为斧头在哭吗? because of + 名词(the axe),意为"因为斧头";一般疑问句;河神进一步确认原因。 Woodcutter: No. My mother is ill. I have to cut wood. So I can buy her medicine. 樵夫:不。我妈妈生病了。我不得不砍柴。这样我才能给她买药。 No. 否定回答(不是因为斧头本身,而是因为砍柴买药);be ill 生病;have to 不得不(客观原因——母亲生病需要钱);So 所以(表因果);buy her medicine 给她买药(buy sb. sth. 双宾语);交代樵夫的困境——母亲生病,需要砍柴买药。 River God: Hmm... Well then, I will find your axe. Wait here. 河神:嗯……那好吧,我会找到你的斧头。在这儿等。 Hmm... 嗯……(思考的语气);Well then 那好吧;will find 会找到(will 表意愿/承诺);Wait here. 在这儿等(祈使句);河神被樵夫的孝心打动,决定帮忙。 River God: Is this your axe? Woodcutter: No. That is not my axe. That's a gold axe. 河神:这是你的斧头吗?樵夫:不。那不是我的斧头。那是一把金斧头。 Is this your axe? 一般疑问句确认物品归属;No. 否定回答;That is not my axe. 那不是我的斧头(否定句);That's a gold axe. 那是一把金斧头(That's = That is);第一次考验——金斧头,樵夫诚实地说不是自己的。 River God: Are you sure? Woodcutter: Yes, I'm very sure. River God: Wait again. 河神:你确定吗?樵夫:是的,我非常确定。河神:再等一下。 Are you sure? 你确定吗?(确认对方的回答);I'm very sure. 我非常确定(very 加强语气);Wait again. 再等一下(again 再一次);河神确认樵夫的诚实。 River God: Is this your axe? Woodcutter: No. That is not my axe. That's a silver axe. 河神:这是你的斧头吗?樵夫:不。那不是我的斧头。那是一把银斧头。 第二次考验——银斧头,樵夫依然诚实地说不是自己的;silver axe 银斧头。 River God: Is this your axe? Woodcutter: Oh, yes, yes! That is my iron axe. 河神:这是你的斧头吗?樵夫:哦,是的,是的!那是我的铁斧头。 第三次——铁斧头,樵夫兴奋地确认是自己的;Oh, yes, yes! 哦,是的,是的!(激动的语气);iron axe 铁斧头;樵夫只想要回自己的铁斧头。 River God: Hmm... You are an honest boy. I will give you all three axes. Woodcutter: Thank you so much. 河神:嗯……你是一个诚实的孩子。我要把三把斧头都给你。樵夫:非常感谢。 an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩(honest 以元音音素开头,用 an);will give 会给(will 表承诺/奖励);all three axes 全部三把斧头;Thank you so much. 非常感谢(so much 加强感谢的程度);河神被樵夫的诚实打动,奖励他三把斧头;故事结局——诚实有回报。 故事排序(P.55) 顺序 句子 对应情节 1 I cut wood on a hot day. 开头:大热天砍柴 2 My axe fell into the river. 发展:斧头掉进河里 3 I began to cry. 发展:开始哭 4 The River God came to help me. 发展:河神来帮忙 5 The River God found a gold axe and a silver axe. 发展:拿出金斧头和银斧头(樵夫都否认) 6 The River God found my iron axe. 高潮:拿出铁斧头(樵夫确认) 7 The River God gave me all three axes. 结局:奖励三把斧头 讨论问题参考答案(P.55) (1) Why did the woodcutter cry? Because his axe fell into the river and he couldn't get it out. His mother was ill and he had to cut wood to buy her medicine. (2) Who was the old man? He was the River God. (3) Why did the old man give the woodcutter all three axes? Because the woodcutter was honest. He didn't want the gold axe or the silver axe. He only wanted his own iron axe. The River God was moved by his honesty. (4) What do you learn from the story? Honesty is very important. We should always be honest. Honest people will be rewarded. (诚实很重要,我们应该永远诚实,诚实的人会得到回报。) 主旨启示:诚实是一种宝贵的品质。故事中的樵夫面对金斧头和银斧头的诱惑,始终诚实地说不是自己的,最终得到了河神的奖励。在生活中,我们也应该做一个诚实的人,不贪图不属于自己的东西,因为诚实的人终将得到回报。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 4 My favourite stories.Lesson 3 (知识清单)-2026-2027学年重大版英语五年级上册
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Unit 4 My favourite stories.Lesson 3 (知识清单)-2026-2027学年重大版英语五年级上册
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Unit 4 My favourite stories.Lesson 3 (知识清单)-2026-2027学年重大版英语五年级上册
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