精品解析：湖南省长沙市第一中学2026-2027学年高三上学期开学英语试题

高三英语一 时量：120分钟 满分:150分 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分20分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5 小题;每小题1分，满分5分) 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。 1. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. Tourist attractions. B. Different technologies. C. A travel app. 2. What is the woman’s reaction to the photograph? A. She loves its colors. B. She is unsure of its meaning. C. She wants to give it to her son as a gift. 3. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Mother and son. B. Brother and sister. C. Husband and wife. 4. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. At home. B. At a clinic. C. At a sports club. 5. Which fact does the man present to the woman? A. The ocean is less dangerous than space. B. Space is harder to explore than the ocean. C. The deep sea has fewer visitors than space. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。 听第6段录音，回答第6、7题。 6. What is the woman saving money for? A. A new car. B. A new bed. C. A vacation. 7. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Find another job. B. Take a break from work. C. Work extra hours to meet deadlines. 听第7段录音，回答第8至 10题。 8. Why does the man find the system challenging? A. He has trouble with its booking function. B. He can’t connect it with other software. C. He can’t access its patient records. 9. How will the woman probably help the man? A. By finishing some of his work. B. By organizing his personal files. C. By teaching him how to use an AI tool. 10. Who are the speakers probably? A. Nurses. B. Patients. C. AI experts. 听第8段录音，回答第11 至 13题。 11. Why do the speakers go to the forest? A. To have a break. B. To do research. C. To take care of trees. 12. What would the man like to do after he retires? A. Build his own house. B. Move to rural areas. C. Visit natural reserves. 13. How much money does the man plan to save in a year? A. $5,000. B. $3,600. C. $3,000. 听第9段录音，回答第14 至 17题。 14. How is the woman feeling about her work? A. Sad. B. Confident. C. Stressful. 15. What is the most difficult for the woman? A. Planning lessons. B. Teaching many courses. C. Managing students. 16. What has the woman tried to do? A. Hand out more homework. B. Get some students to help. C. Shorten lesson times. 17. What will the woman do tomorrow? A. Learn from Mr. Smith. B. Cover a class for the man. C. Prepare an open class. 听第10段录音，回答第18至 20题。 18. What is the speaker curious about? A. Whether humans can live on another planet. B. Whether there is life on other planets. C. Whether Earth will be here to stay. 19. What can we learn about Comet(彗星) A3? A. The speaker was lucky to see it. B. No one alive now will ever see it again. C. It passed by Earth 8,000 years ago. 20. What will the speaker do in the future? A. Visit another planet. B. Design an advanced telescope. C. Carry on with his research work. 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A The London Book Fair (LBF) is where the global publishing community unites to develop relationships, gain insights, and define the future of creative content. From publishers, dealmakers, copyright pros, commissioners and global licensors — the entire publishing industry is represented at LBF. Whether you want to meet exhibitors, visit Author HQ and Audio Village or are interested in our conferences and seminars, there’s something for everyone working in the publishing industry. Visit Our exhibitors come back every year because we provide the perfect platform to engage with customers, build brand awareness and do business. Are you ready to be part of it? Exhibit with us Share your expert knowledge with the publishing community. Apply to speak at The London Book Fair and help shape conversations on the trends, ideas and innovations driving the industry. Speak Conference Programmes The London Book Fair hosts over 100 interesting and inspiring sessions each year including The Writers’ Summit, The Academic and Professional Publishing Conference, and a show conference programme which takes place across all three days of the event. Comprising tailor-made sessions organized by our content team, partners, sponsors and our call for speaker submissions, each theatre will address key topics within the publishing industry. Previous themes and topics have included: the essentials of rights selling, contracts and rights deals checklists, how to get published, and how to pitch to agents. Discover our conferences 1. Who would be most interested in The London Book Fair? A. Lawmakers. B. Speakers. C. Bookworms. D. Publishers. 2. Which of the following would you visit if you wanted to make your books known to more? A. Visit B. Exhibit with us C. Speak D. Discover our conferences 3. What is the main purpose of the sessions? A. To meet exhibitors from all over the world. B. To share knowledge with the publishing community. C. To solve the most pressing publishing-related issues. D. To check rights selling, contracts and publishing houses. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍伦敦书展的参与人群、不同板块及论坛活动内容。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“From publishers, dealmakers, copyright pros, commissioners and global licensors— the entire publishing industry is represented at LBF.(出版商、交易撮合人、版权专业人士、内容委托方以及全球授权方 —— 整个出版行业都会亮相伦敦书展。)”可知，出版商对伦敦书展最感兴趣。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Exhibit with us板块中“Our exhibitors come back every year because we provide the perfect platform to engage with customers, build brand awareness and do business.(我们的参展商每年都会回归，因为我们提供对接客户、打造品牌知名度以及开展业务的绝佳平台。)”可知，如果想让更多人了解你的书籍，可以选择Exhibit with us板块。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Comprising tailor‑made sessions organized by our content team, partners, sponsors and our call for speaker submissions, each theatre will address key topics within the publishing industry.(各个专场论坛都设置了定制化研讨环节，这些环节由我方内容团队、合作方、赞助商筹办，同时面向全社会公开征集演讲嘉宾；每一个论坛会场都会探讨出版行业内的核心关键议题。)”可知，这些专场活动围绕行业关键热点，解决出版领域亟待探讨的核心问题。 B For nearly 900 days in 1941 — 44, Nazi forces blockaded (封锁) Leningrad, modern-day St Petersburg in Russia, trying to starve the city into submission. When food ran out, people ate cotton husks, leather belts and even their pets. Nearly a third of the population — some 750,000 civilians — died. Yet in the center of the city, in a former palace, the All Union Institute of Plant Breeding, the world’s first seed bank, housed 250,000 plants from five continents. This collection, if planted, could have fed “every citizen within Leningrad, and the Soviet Union (苏联) and elsewhere besides”. Botanists faced a dilemma: safeguard the seed bank for the future or use it to save themselves and others from starvation? The seed bank’s staff chose not to eat the collection. As botanists, they grasped the potential of the seeds to engineer high-yielding and disease-resistant crops to feed future generations. Their sacrifice was not without consequences: 19 staff starved to death. Whereas today huge gene banks, such as the Svalbard Global Seed Vault in Norway, store copies of the world’s crops in case of disasters, such initiatives used to seem unusual. The plant library was the brainchild of Nikolai Vavilov, a noted botanist. His international fame drew the attention of Soviet authorities, who arrested him in 1940 and accused him of treason (叛国罪). Vavilov died in the prison in 1943. The Soviets did not value Vavilov’s work, but the Nazis did. They thought his collection could be used to create German supercrops. In a twist, Heinz Brücher, a botanist and senior SS officer (党卫军高级官员), launched a secret mission to seize Vavilov’s seeds. The Nazis stole from remote seed-breeding stations and established a rival seed bank in an Austrian castle. After the war Brücher fled, and the seeds he had stolen were lost. But efforts to protect Vavilov’s collection were not in vain: over the past 70 years seeds saved during the blockade have been used to create varieties of wheat that are superior in quality and yield. The sacrifice of the Russian botanists has stocked the world’s breadbasket. 4. Why did the Nazis target Leningrad? A. To arrest botanists there. B. To force it to give in. C. To develop German supercrops. D. To steal the seeds from it. 5. What led to the botanists’ choice? A. The risk to their precious seeds. B. Their devotion to a scientific cause. C. The necessity of feeding all Russians. D. Their consideration for citizens then. 6. Who came up with the first seed bank? A. The Soviets. B. The Nazis. C. Heinz Brücher. D. Nikolai Vavilov. 7. What happened to the seeds after the war? A. They were lost to stealing. B. They were stored secretly. C. They produced better varieties. D. They ended the shortage of crops. 【答案】4. B 5. B 6. D 7. C 【解析】 【导语】主要讲述列宁格勒封锁期间植物学家守护种子库的悲壮经历，介绍种子库的由来、遭遇以及种子带来的长远价值。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“For nearly 900 days in 1941 — 44, Nazi forces blockaded (封锁) Leningrad, modern‑day St Petersburg in Russia, trying to starve the city into submission.(在1941至1944年将近900天里，纳粹军队封锁了列宁格勒，即如今俄罗斯的圣彼得堡，试图以饥饿迫使这座城市屈服。)”可知，纳粹封锁列宁格勒的目的是逼迫该城市投降。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As botanists, they grasped the potential of the seeds to engineer high‑yielding and disease‑resistant crops to feed future generations.(作为植物学家，他们意识到这些种子有潜力培育出高产且抗病的农作物，以养活未来的几代人。)”可知，植物学家出于对科学事业的奉献，选择不吃种子库的种子。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The plant library was the brainchild of Nikolai Vavilov, a noted botanist.(这座植物文库是著名植物学家尼古拉·瓦维洛夫的构想。)”可知，尼古拉·瓦维洛夫创立了世界第一座种子库。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“But efforts to protect Vavilov’s collection were not in vain: over the past 70 years seeds saved during the blockade have been used to create varieties of wheat that are superior in quality and yield.(但是保护瓦维洛夫藏品的努力没有白费：在过去70年里，封锁时期保存下来的种子被用来培育品质和产量都更优良的小麦品种。)”可知，战后这些种子被用来培育出品质更好的作物品种。 C Cutting is one of the fundamental skills of the Chinese kitchen, as central to it as the application of fire and flavour. In ancient China, cooking itself was known as ge peng, “to cut and to cook”; and every lesson for a trainee Chinese chef still involves precise instructions for exactly how everything should be chopped. This is partly because of the popularity of fast stir-frying as a cooking method. For a stir-fry, all the ingredients must be cut into small pieces that need little more than a lick of heat to be cooked. If the pieces are too big, they will remain raw inside while their outsides become dry and “old”(lao). If they are cut unevenly, they will all be cooked at different times, so the final result will be rough and unsatisfactory. And with really fast stir-frying methods such as bao, which literally means “burst” or “explode”, the fine, even chopping of ingredients is even more essential. Careful cutting is not a superficial matter: it is key to the success of the final dish. Chopsticks, used in China for two, maybe even three thousand years, make their own demands. Knives are almost never seen on the Chinese dinner table, so food must be tender enough to be torn gently apart with chopsticks, or otherwise cut into bite-sized pieces. At grand feasts, you may find whole ducks, chickens or pork knuckles, braised (men) so lovingly that they melt away at the touch of a chopstick, but for everyday meals, almost everything is finely cut. But these are simply the practicalities of cutting. What are even more fascinating are the beautiful presentations it brings. Skilful cutting adds an extra dimension to the enjoyment of a dish. Think only of a stir-fry of eel (鳝鱼) and vegetables, where all the ingredients, different though they may be in colour, taste and texture, are cut into similar snaking strands. Delicate cutting is part of a refined and civilised culinary culture that has existed in China for thousands of years. “Knife skills”(dao gong) are still the starting point for any aspiring chef. 8. What can be learned about stir-frying in China? A. It changes ancient Chinese cooking methods. B. It means cooking over a high heat for long. C. It works well with precise chopping of food. D. It is the first step to be a trainee Chinese chef. 9. Why are chopsticks mentioned in the passage? A. To demonstrate how Chinese use them to eat. B. To give an example of how Chinese usually eat. C. To prove their role on the Chinese dinner table. D. To reveal their influences on the way of cutting. 10. What does a Chinese chef have to learn about? A. Food and animals. B. Cutting and frying. C. Cutting and cooking. D. Presentation and nutrition. 11. Which is the best title of the passage? A. The cutting edge. B. The cutting board. C. Chinese cooking methods. D. Traditional Chinese dishes. 【答案】8. C 9. D 10. C 11. A 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍刀工是中式烹饪基础，爆炒需要精细切配，筷子用餐也对切配提出要求，刀工还兼顾菜品造型，是厨师的入门基本功。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“For a stir-fry, all the ingredients must be cut into small pieces that need little more than a lick of heat to be cooked. If the pieces are too big, they will remain raw inside while their outsides become dry and “old”(lao). If they are cut unevenly, they will all be cooked at different times, so the final result will be rough and unsatisfactory. And with really fast stir-frying methods such as bao, which literally means “burst” or “explode”, the fine, even chopping of ingredients is even more essential.(炒菜时，所有食材都必须切成小块，只需稍加加热即可熟透。如果切得太大，内部仍会生硬，而外皮则会变干、发“老”（lao）。而对于诸如“爆”（字面意思为“迸发、炸开”）这类真正的快炒技法而言，将食材切得精细均匀就更为关键)”可知，精准的切割刀工才能让爆炒发挥其作用。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Knives are almost never seen on the Chinese dinner table, so food must be tender enough to be torn gently apart with chopsticks, or otherwise cut into bite-sized pieces.(中国人的餐桌上几乎不可能出现餐刀，所以菜品一定要足够软嫩，可以用筷子分开;不然就应该切成可以入口的大小)”可知，中国人使用筷子而不是餐刀的事实也对刀工提出了要求。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Cutting is one of the fundamental skills of the Chinese kitchen, as central to it as the application of fire and flavour. In ancient China, cooking itself was known as ge peng, “to cut and to cook”; and every lesson for a trainee Chinese chef still involves precise instructions for exactly how everything should be chopped.(切菜是中国厨房的一项基本技能，与使用火和调味一样重要。在古代中国，烹饪本身被称为“割烹”，意为“切和煮”；而每一位学徒厨师的培训课程中，至今仍包含精确的指导，教他们如何准确地切好各种食材)”和最后一段““Knife skills”(dao gong) are still the starting point for any aspiring chef.(“刀工”仍是每位厨师学艺的起点)”可知，中国厨师需要学习切菜和烹饪。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Cutting is one of the fundamental skills of the Chinese kitchen, as central to it as the application of fire and flavour.(切菜是中国厨房的一项基本技能，其重要性不亚于火候的掌控和调味)”以及文章通篇介绍中式刀工，刀工影响菜品熟度、适配筷子用餐，还负责菜品美观，A选项“The cutting edge”一语双关，最适合做标题。 D A fascinating study led by researchers at Aarhus University in Denmark suggests that toys played a crucial role in the survival of two cultures in ancient Greenland. The research focused on the Norse settlers, who arrived in 985, and the Inuit people, who came around 1000. Although both groups initially thrived, the Norse settlements ultimately failed during the Little Ice Age around 1400, while the Inuit persisted. The study examined toys from both cultures’ settlements, revealing striking differences. Norse settlements had just 72 toys, while similar Inuit sites contained 2,397. The researchers categorized these toys into five groups: weapons, tools, transport, social-play items, and skill-play objects, which revealed that the Inuit children not only had more toys available to them, but that these toys were more diverse. Most important, the researchers found that the differences in the number and diversity of toys grew dramatically over time. They report in the European Journal of Archaeology that, although 8 social-play toys were found among the Norse settlements and 23 social-play toys were found among the Inuit settlements between 1000 and 1200 over the next 200 years the gap grew to 11 social-play toys for the Norse and 158 social-play toys for the Inuit. A similar trend held for all the other categories of toy. As the years went by, toys associated with hunting at sea became more common among the Inuit, but the Norse continued to give their children figurines of horses and birds. In essence, say the researchers, the Norse were adapting their lives to their new environment but continuing to gift old-fashioned toys. Though the lack of toys may indicate that Norse society was less creative from the start, the researchers argue that their tendency to give irrelevant toys worsened any initial lack of creativity and ultimately sabotaged their survival. In contrast, the Inuit’s preference for diverse and relevant toys paved the way for their children to be more innovative and adaptive. A parable for parents if ever there was one. 12. What happened to the Norse settlers in Greenland? A. They lived here for 400 years alone. B. They didn’t survive the Little Ice Age. C. They were defeated by the Inuit people. D. They didn’t give their children enough toys. 13. Which is the right diagram based on the fourth paragraph? A. B. C. D. 14. What does the underlined word “sabotaged” in the last paragraph mean? A. Opposed. B. Threatened. C. Determined. D. Facilitated. 15. Which can be inferred from the passage? A. Parents can learn from it what toys to give to their children. B. The more toys the children have, the more adaptive they will be. C. The Inuit people didn’t provide old-fashioned toys to their children. D. Greenland used to be a wasteland before the Norse settlers arrived. 【答案】12. B 13. C 14. B 15. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要说明了丹麦研究发现格陵兰因纽特人玩具数量种类远超诺斯人，贴合生存环境的玩具助力后代适应环境，诺斯人固守旧式玩具，最终未能挺过小冰期，该发现对家长颇具启示。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The research focused on the Norse settlers, who arrived in 985, and the Inuit people, who came around 1000. Although both groups initially thrived, the Norse settlements ultimately failed during the Little Ice Age around 1400, while the Inuit persisted.(研究聚焦于公元985年抵达的北欧移民和大约1000年到来的因纽特人。尽管两组人都曾一度繁荣，但在约1400年的“小冰期”期间，北欧定居点最终失败，而因纽特人则得以延续生存)”可知，格陵兰的北欧移民未能在小冰期中幸存下来。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“They report in the European Journal of Archaeology that, although 8 social-play toys were found among the Norse settlements and 23 social-play toys were found among the Inuit settlements between 1000 and 1200 over the next 200 years the gap grew to 11 social-play toys for the Norse and 158 social-play toys for the Inuit.(他们在《欧洲考古学杂志》中报告称，尽管在1000年至1200年间，诺斯人定居点发现8个社交玩具，而因纽特人定居点发现23个社交玩具，但在接下来的200年里，这一差距扩大到诺斯人定居点11个社交玩具和因纽特人定居点158个社交玩具)”可知，公元1000—1200诺斯人和因纽特任社交玩具的数量分别是8和23，公元1200—1400诺斯人和因纽特任社交玩具的数量分别是11和158，对应图表C。 【14题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Though the lack of toys may indicate that Norse society was less creative from the start, the researchers argue that their tendency to give irrelevant toys worsened any initial lack of creativity and ultimately sabotaged their survival. In contrast, the Inuit’s preference for diverse and relevant toys paved the way for their children to be more innovative and adaptive.(尽管缺乏玩具可能表明北欧社会从一开始就创造力不足，但研究人员认为，他们倾向于给予与生存环境不相关的玩具，反而加剧了最初的创造力缺失，最终sabotaged其生存。相比之下，因纽特人偏好多样且相关的玩具，为他们的孩子变得更具创新性和适应性铺平了道路)”可知，诺斯人给孩子不贴合环境的玩具，加剧创造力不足，最终对生存造成破坏威胁；故猜测sabotaged此处表示“威胁”，与threaten同义。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“A parable for parents if ever there was one.(如果说有给父母的寓言（的话）这也算一个)”可知，父母可以根据这篇文章来决定给孩子买什么样的玩具。 第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The heart is the most misunderstood of our organs. For a start, it looks nothing like the traditional symbol associated with Valentine’s Day and lovers’ initials carved into tree trunks and the like.____16____ It is more centrally located in the chest than that. Most curious of all, perhaps, is that we make it the emotional seat of our being, as when we declare that we love someone with all our heart or claim a broken heart when they abandon us.____17____ The heart is a wondrous organ and fully deserving of our praise and gratitude, but it is not invested even slightly in our emotional well-being. That’s a good thing. The heart has no time for distractions.____18____ It has just one job to do, and it does it supremely well: it beats. Slightly more than once every second, about 100,000 times a day, as many as 3.5 billion times in a lifetime, it rhythmically pumps blood through your body — and these aren’t gentle forces. They are powerful enough to send blood spurting up to three meters if the aorta (主动脉) is cut. With such a continuous work rate, it is a miracle that most hearts last as long as they do.____19____ That’s 1,680 gallons in a day — more gallons pushed through you in a day than you are likely to put in your car in a year. The heart must pump with enough force not merely to send blood to your outermost extremities but to help bring it all the way back again. It has been calculated that during a lifetime the heart does an amount of work sufficient to lift a one-ton object 150 miles into the air.____20____ It just doesn’t care about your love life. A. Don’t misunderstand me. B. They focus on what to do. C. It is a truly remarkable mechanism. D. The heart is not really one pump but two. E. It is the most single-minded thing within you. F. Every hour your heart pumps around 70 gallons of blood. G. Nor is the heart where we place our right hand to show love of our country. 【答案】16. G 17. A 18. E 19. F 20. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍人类心脏常被大众误解，纠正了心脏外形、位置、承载情感的错误认知，并详细介绍了心脏专一的生理功能、超强工作效率与强大运作能力。 【16题详解】 上文“For a start, it looks nothing like the traditional symbol associated with Valentine’s Day and lovers’ initials carved into tree trunks and the like. (首先，它看起来与情人节相关的传统心形符号、刻在树干上的恋人姓名首字母等图案截然不同。)”指出大众对心脏外形符号的误解，G选项“Nor is the heart where we place our right hand to show love of our country. (心脏也并非我们右手抚胸致敬爱国的那个位置。)”运用nor倒装结构，承接上文继续列举大众对心脏位置、象征意义的误解，句式并列、语义递进，下文“It is more centrally located in the chest than that. (它的位置比人们所想的更靠近胸腔中央。)”也对该选项的位置误区进行佐证。 【17题详解】 上文“Most curious of all, perhaps, is that we make it the emotional seat of our being, as when we declare that we love someone with all our heart or claim a broken heart when they abandon us. (或许最奇怪的是，我们将心脏视作情感的寄托，比如我们声称全心爱人，或在被抛弃时说心碎了。)”讲述人们赋予心脏情感意义，下文“The heart is a wondrous organ and fully deserving of our praise and gratitude, but it is not invested even slightly in our emotional well-being. (心脏是神奇的器官，值得我们赞美和感激，但它丝毫与我们的情绪健康无关。)”转折指出心脏不具备情感功能。A选项“Don’t misunderstand me. (别误会我的意思。)”起到过渡缓冲作用，先铺垫语气，再转折澄清事实，衔接前后语义。 【18题详解】 上文“The heart has no time for distractions. (心脏无暇分心。)”说明心脏工作专注、不受干扰，E选项“It is the most single-minded thing within you. (它是你体内最专一的器官。)”承接上文，进一步阐释心脏专注的特质；下文“It has just one job to do, and it does it supremely well: it beats. (它只有一项工作，却做得极为出色：跳动泵血。)”具体解释其专一的工作内容，逻辑连贯。 【19题详解】 上文“With such a continuous work rate, it is a miracle that most hearts last as long as they do. (拥有如此持续的工作强度，大多数心脏能长久运作堪称奇迹。)”引出心脏超强的工作能力，下文“That’s 1,680 gallons in a day — more gallons pushed through you in a day than you are likely to put in your car in a year. (一天就是1680加仑——心脏每日泵血量远超私家车一年的加油量。)”给出具体数据，F选项“Every hour your heart pumps around 70 gallons of blood. (心脏每小时泵血约70加仑。)”承接上文，给出小时泵血数据，可换算出下文的日泵血量，数据前后对应。 【20题详解】 上文“It has been calculated that during a lifetime the heart does an amount of work sufficient to lift a one-ton object 150 miles into the air. (据测算，人一生中心脏的工作量足以将一吨重的物体抬升150英里。)”用数据凸显心脏运作能力极强，C选项“It is a truly remarkable mechanism. (它真是一套非凡的机体机制。)”对心脏的超强工作能力进行总结评价；下文“It just doesn’t care about your love life. (它只是与你的情感生活无关。)”回归文章主旨，再次澄清心脏无情感功能，语意连贯。 第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分40分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I came to know this unique individual in a very simple way. One afternoon, in the little town where I then lived, I was taking my dog for a walk when he began to behave ____21____. He rolled crazily on the ground, ____22____ himself against every tree, cried and growled constantly. While I was ____23____ what was wrong with him, I became ____24____ that someone was walking by my side—a man of about 30, poorly dressed. A ____25____, I thought, and I was about to put my hand in my pocket to get him some change. But the stranger ____26____ peacefully at me as though we were old friends. “He’s got a tick(蜱虫), poor chap,” he said, pointing to my dog.“____27____! We’ll have it out.” I was surprised, but there was such warm ____28____ in his gaze that I took no offence at his familiarity. I ____29____ him to a park bench and sat down. He called the dog with a shrill whistle. And, strange to say, my dog, who was usually ____30____ of strangers, responded at once, and, at a sign, put his head on the man’s knee.____31____ the dog’s coat with long, sensitive fingers, the stranger finally uttered a satisfied “A-ha!” “Here it is,” he laughed,____32____holding something in the air. “Now run along, doggie.” As the dog scurried off, the stranger ____33____ with a nod and walked on. His departure was so sudden that it did not ____34____ me until later that I should have given him something for his trouble or at least should have thanked him. But there was the same finality and ____35____about his going as his coming. 21. A. accordingly B. stupidly C. badly D. strangely 22. A. defended B. threw C. rubbed D. warned 23. A. realizing B. complaining C. explaining D. wondering 24. A. sure B. aware C. concerned D. satisfied 25. A. beggar B. neighbor C. volunteer D. doctor 26. A. stared B. smiled C. pointed D. came 27. A. Come along B. Come off C. Come back D. Come down 28. A. peace B. acceptance C. optimism D. friendliness 29. A. chased B. led C. followed D. walked 30. A. fond B. tired C. dismissive D. afraid 31. A. Touching B. Searching C. Shining D. Loosening 32. A. easily B. sincerely C. joyfully D. instantly 33. A. ran B. sat C. rose D. thought 34. A. get to B. occur to C. depend on D. fall on 35. A. self-possession B. self-consciousness C. self-preservation D. self-determination 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. C 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者在遛狗时偶遇一位衣着朴素的陌生人，这位陌生人帮助作者发现并取出了狗身上的蜱虫，随后悄然离开的故事。 【21题详解】 考查副词。句意：一天下午，在我当时住的小镇上，我正带着狗散步，这时它开始表现得很奇怪。A. accordingly相应地；B. stupidly愚蠢地；C. badly糟糕地；D. strangely奇怪地。根据后文“He rolled crazily on the ground”可知，狗在地上疯狂地打滚，行为非常反常，因此狗表现得很奇怪。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：它在地上疯狂地打滚，把身体往每棵树上蹭，不停地叫和咆哮。A. defended保卫；B. threw扔；C. rubbed摩擦、蹭；D. warned警告。根据后文“against every tree”可知，狗是把身体往树上蹭来缓解不适。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：正当我在想它怎么了的时候，我意识到有人走在我旁边——一个大约30岁的男人，穿着很破旧。A. realizing意识到；B. complaining抱怨；C. explaining解释；D. wondering想知道。根据前文“He rolled crazily on the ground”以及后文“what was wrong with him”可知，前文说的是狗在地上疯狂地打滚，后文说的是它怎么了，由此推知，作者正在思考狗到底怎么了。 【24题详解】 考查形容词。句意：同上。A. sure确信的；B. aware意识到的；C. concerned担心的；D. satisfied满意的。根据后文“that someone was walking by my side”可知，作者注意到了旁边有人。 【25题详解】 考查名词。句意：一个乞丐，我想着，正准备把手伸进口袋给他一些零钱。A. beggar乞丐；B. neighbor邻居；C. volunteer志愿者；D. doctor医生。根据后文“I was about to put my hand in my pocket to get him some change”可知，作者想给他零钱，以为他是一个乞丐。 【26题详解】 考查动词。句意：但那个陌生人平静地对我微笑，好像我们是老朋友一样。A. stared盯着看；B. smiled微笑；C. pointed指向；D. came走来。根据后文“as though we were old friends”可知，陌生人是平静地微笑。 【27题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：“来吧！我们把它弄出来。”A. Come along来吧；B. Come off脱落；C. Come back回来；D. Come down下来。根据后文“We’ll have it out.”可知，陌生人要帮狗把蜱虫取出来。 【28题详解】 考查名词。句意：我很惊讶，但他的目光中有如此温暖的友善，以至于我没有因为他的随意而生气。A. peace和平；B. acceptance接受；C. optimism乐观；D. friendliness友善。根据后文“I took no offence at his familiarity”可知，作者没有因为他的随意而生气，可推测陌生人的目光中充满了友善。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：我跟着他走到公园的长椅旁坐了下来。A. chased追赶；B. led带领；C. followed跟随；D. walked走。根据后文“to a park bench and sat down. ”可知，作者是跟随陌生人。 【30题详解】 考查形容词。句意：说来奇怪，我的狗平时很怕陌生人，却立刻做出了回应，并且在一个手势的示意下，把头放在了那个男人的膝盖上。A. fond喜欢的；B. tired厌倦的；C. dismissive轻蔑的；D. afraid害怕的。根据前文“strange to say”可知，狗的反应出乎意料，与平时的表现相反，再结合后文“responded at once, and, at a sign, put his head on the man’s knee”狗立刻回应并主动把头放在陌生人膝盖上，可推测狗平时是害怕陌生人的。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：陌生人用长长的、灵敏的手指在狗的毛上摸索，最后满意地发出了“啊哈！”的声音。A. Touching触摸；B. Searching搜寻；C. Shining照耀；D. Loosening松开。根据后文“finally uttered satisfied ‘A-ha!’”可知，陌生人是在狗的毛上仔细搜寻蜱虫。 【32题详解】 考查副词。句意：“就是这个，”他笑着说，高兴地举起手中的东西。A. easily容易地；B. sincerely真诚地；C. joyfully高兴地；D. instantly立刻。根据前文“he laughed”可知，陌生人笑着说话，情绪是愉悦的，可推测他是高兴地举起蜱虫。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：狗跑开后，陌生人点了点头就起身走了。A. ran跑；B. sat坐；C. rose起身；D. thought想。根据后文“walked on”可知，陌生人继续往前走了，可推测陌生人是起身离开。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：他走得太突然了，直到后来我才想到应该给他一些报酬，或者至少应该感谢他。A. get to到达；B. occur to想到；C. depend on依赖；D. fall on落在。根据后文“that I should have given him something for his trouble or at least should have thanked him”可知，后文说的是应该给他一些报酬，或者至少应该感谢他，这是作者后来才意识到的，occur to sb.表示“某人想到”，符合语境。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：但他离开时和他来时一样，带着同样的果断和镇定。A. self-possession镇定；自制；B. self-consciousness自觉，害羞；C. self-preservation自我保护；D. self-determination自决。根据前文“the same finality”可知，陌生人的离开同样果断干脆，再结合全文陌生人始终表现出的从容淡定，可推测陌生人的离开同样带着镇定。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In 2001, Ann Bancroft and Liv Arnesen traveled 2,700 kilometers on foot across Antarctica, with each ____36____ (pull) a sled carrying 100 kilograms of food and ____37____ (equip). Crossing this land of extremes was no easy feat. The temperature in Antarctica is often a(n) ____38____ (imagine) -40℃, the temperature ____39____ which skin and flesh freeze. Antarctica holds the record for the coldest temperature ever ____40____ (measure) on Earth, which is -89.2℃. Antarctica contains approximately 70 percent of the world’s fresh water supply, and ____41____ it is considered to be one of the world’s largest deserts. That’s ____42____ Antarctica’s enormous supply of fresh water is locked up in ice that ____43____ (average) over two kilometers in thickness, covering an area roughly the size of the United States. If the ice sheets melted, the seas ____44____ (rise) as much as 60 meters. However, like all other deserts on Earth, Antarctica receives less than 250 millimeters of rain a year. It’s hard to believe that, 500 million years ago, Antarctica had a warm climate and ____45____ cover of dense vegetation. 【答案】36. pulling 37. equipment 38. unimaginable 39. at 40. measured 41. yet##still 42. because 43. averages 44. would rise##should rise##might rise##could rise 45. a 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍南极洲的极端低温、淡水储备、气候特点以及远古植被环境等相关地理知识。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：2001年，安·班克罗夫特和莉芙·阿内森徒步穿越南极洲2700公里，两人各自拉动一个载有100公斤食物和设备的雪橇。此处为with复合结构，each与pull为主动关系，需用现在分词形式。 【37题详解】 考查名词。句意：2001年，安·班克罗夫特和莉芙·阿内森徒步穿越南极洲2700公里，两人各自拉动一个载有100公斤食物和设备的雪橇。and连接并列名词，与food对应，equip的名词形式equipment表示“设备”，为不可数名词。 【38题详解】 考查形容词。句意：南极洲的气温常常达到难以想象的零下40摄氏度，在这个温度下皮肉都会冻僵。空处修饰-40℃，结合极地低温的语境，此处表示“难以想象的”，结合提示词可知形容词形式unimaginable符合句意。 【39题详解】 考查介词。句意：南极洲的气温常常达到难以想象的零下40摄氏度，在这个温度下皮肉都会冻僵。固定搭配at the temperature表示“在某一温度下”，此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：南极洲保持着地球上有记录以来的最低气温纪录，即零下89.2摄氏度。名词temperature与measure为被动关系，此处用过去分词作后置定语。 【41题详解】 考查连词。句意：南极洲拥有全球约70%的淡水储备，但它却被认为是世界上最大的沙漠之一。前半句说明南极淡水储量丰富，后半句说明它是沙漠，前后语义转折，空格前有and，用yet/still连接。 【42题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：这是因为南极洲大量的淡水都封存在平均厚度超过两千米的冰层之中，这片冰层覆盖的面积大致相当于美国的国土面积。空处引导表语从句，前文提出南极淡水多却是沙漠的矛盾现象，本句解释原因，应用连接副词because，that’s because...为固定句式，表示“这是因为……”。 【43题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这是因为南极洲大量的淡水都封存在平均厚度超过两千米的冰层之中，这片冰层覆盖的面积大致相当于美国的国土面积。此处为定语从句的谓语动词，先行词ice为不可数名词，文章陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式averages。 【44题详解】 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果冰盖融化，海平面将会上升多达60米。此处为if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与现在事实相反的假设，主句用would/should/might/could+动词原形。 【45题详解】 考查冠词。句意：很难相信，五亿年前，南极洲气候温暖，覆盖着茂密的植被。固定搭配a cover of表示“一层……覆盖物”，cover以辅音音素开头，故用a。 第三节(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分) 根据提示，写出对应的单词。 46. glorious → ________ vt. 赞美；颂扬；美化 47. argue → ________ n. 论点，争吵，争论 48. recognize → ________ n. 识别；承认；赏识 49. generous → ________ n. 慷慨；大方；宽宏大量 50. justice → ________ n. 不公平/不公正 51. scare → ________ adj. 吓人的 52. destroy → ________ adj. 毁灭性的 53. consume → ________ n. 消费 54. expose → ________ n. 暴露；揭露 55. industry → ________ adj. 勤劳的；勤奋的 【答案】46. glorify 47. argument 48. recognition 49. generosity 50. injustice 51. scary 52. destructive 53. consumption 54. exposure 55. industrious 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 56. 假定你是李华，你校的英国友好学校计划资助你们学校的3位同学前往英国进行为期两周的文化交流活动。请你给对方写一封邮件，内容包括： (1)感谢对方提供机会； (2)提出你的申请以及原因/优势。 注意： (1)写作词数应为80个左右； (2)首句话已给出； (3)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Sir or Madam, I am Li Hua, a student in your sister school in China. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】【参考范文】 Dear Sir or Madam, I am Li Hua, a student in your sister school in China. I am writing to express my sincere gratitude for the opportunity to participate in the two-week UK cultural exchange program and submit my application. As the founder of our school’s Cross-Cultural Communication Club and having hosted three international student events, I have demonstrated strong leadership and cross-cultural communication abilities. Additionally, I have been actively volunteering as an English tour guide at our local museum for two years, accumulating experience in cultural exchange and presentation skills. I am confident that this opportunity will contribute positively to our exchange. Thank you for your consideration. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】题目要求考生以李华的身份写邮件，致谢对方并申请英国文化交流项目、说明自身优势。 【详解】1.词汇积累 真诚的：sincere → heartfelt 感激：gratitude → appreciation 提交：submit → present 自信的：confident → assured 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：As the founder of our school’s Cross-Cultural Communication Club and having hosted three international student events, I have demonstrated strong leadership and cross-cultural communication abilities. 拓展句：As the founder of our school’s Cross‑Cultural Communication Club and having hosted three international student events, I have demonstrated strong leadership and cross‑cultural communication abilities, which make me well‑prepared for this cultural exchange program. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Additionally, I have been actively volunteering as an English tour guide at our local museum for two years, accumulating experience in cultural exchange and presentation skills. (运用了现在分词作状语) 【高分句型2】I am confident that this opportunity will contribute positively to our exchange. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) 第二节(满分25分) 57. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 At sixty-five, I longed for a new purpose. One Sunday, our priest (牧师) suggested I volunteer with the youth department. After convincing my husband, we joined the Sunday school youth Bible class and evening events. It was a time filled with silly games, loud music and the Bible study. Little did I know how much this generation gap would change me. When I took on the challenge of mentoring teenagers, some of whom lived in difficult home situations, I never expected I’d learn something from them. I watched teens learn to care about the homeless and the needy, and I realized they willingly made a difference to someone else’s life. When our priest asked if I’d like to be a leader at the annual summer-camp trip, I jumped at the chance. As I took the first step up into the waiting bus, one of the boys raised his hand. “Here, Mrs. K. Let me help you. I saved a seat for you in the front. It will be easier for you to get out.” His big smile softened my heart. I just said, “Thank you.” Four hours later, we arrived at our destination. I found myself gasping for breath as I trudged up a long hill to the girls’ dorm. Then we prepared for the upcoming drama together. Meanwhile, we had talks about their hopes and dreams, fears and choices. I provided the listening ear, and an arm around a shoulder. I became their cheerleader when they needed it. The next morning the youth had free time and signed up for the zip line (滑索) over a deep canyon. I watched with fascination as our teens ascended a mountainside to zipline across a canyon. I didn’t share with them how terrified I am of heights. One of the camp leaders helped the last teen and then announced, “Any of you leaders who want to zip can get prepared now.” 注意： (1)续写词数应为150个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 One teen boy waved at me and asked if I’d like to have a try. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Once I stepped onto the platform and attached the clip (滑索夹) to the zip line, I suddenly found myself flying through the air. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】【参考范文】 One teen boy waved at me and asked if I’d like to have a try. I hesitated, my fear of heights holding me back, but his encouragement and the excited cheers of the other teens gave me a burst of courage. “You’ve got this, Mrs. K! It’s easy!” the boy shouted with a grin. With shaking hands but a determined heart, I climbed up the mountainside to the zip line platform. The camp leader secured my harness and gave me a reassuring nod. The teens cheered as I took a deep breath, closed my eyes for a moment, and stepped forward. Once I stepped onto the platform and attached the clip (滑索夹) to the zip line, I suddenly found myself flying through the air. The rush of wind against my face and the breathtaking view of the canyon below filled me with exhilaration and joy. I let out a laugh, realizing that I was no longer afraid but completely free. As I landed on the other side, the teens erupted into applause, running toward me with high-fives and hugs. In that moment, I understood the power of stepping out of my comfort zone. These teens had not only brought new purpose to my life but had also reminded me that it’s never too late to face your fears and embrace life’s adventures. 【解析】 【导语】本文以老年主人公的经历为线索展开。六十五岁的作者寻求新的人生目标，听从牧师建议去辅导青少年。参加夏令营途中少年贴心照顾她，途中彼此陪伴谈心，目睹孩子们勇敢体验滑索，她虽恐高内心深受触动，在陪伴少年的过程中收获温暖与成长。 【详解】1.段落续写 ①由第一段句首可知，第一段可以描写少年邀请主人公体验滑索，主人公内心的害怕与犹豫，在孩子们的鼓励下下定决心，做好准备迈出第一步。 ②由第二段句首可知，第二段可以描写主人公在空中滑行的奇妙感受，落地后收获少年们的喝彩，最后感悟走出舒适区，直面恐惧永远不会太晚。 2.续写线索：少年发出滑索邀请 —— 内心恐惧犹豫 —— 在鼓励下鼓起勇气准备挑战 —— 踏上滑索凌空飞驰 —— 成功落地收获欢呼 —— 感悟人生哲理 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①向前迈步：step forward/move ahead/take a step forward ②跑：run/rush/dash 情绪类 ①坚定的：determined/firm ②兴奋：exhilaration/excitement 【点睛】【高分句型1】The teens cheered as I took a deep breath, closed my eyes for a moment, and stepped forward. (运用了as引导的时间状语从句) 【高分句型2】I let out a laugh, realizing that I was no longer afraid but completely free. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高三英语一 时量：120分钟 满分:150分 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分20分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5 小题;每小题1分，满分5分) 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。 1. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. Tourist attractions. B. Different technologies. C. A travel app. 2. What is the woman’s reaction to the photograph? A. She loves its colors. B. She is unsure of its meaning. C. She wants to give it to her son as a gift. 3. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Mother and son. B. Brother and sister. C. Husband and wife. 4. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. At home. B. At a clinic. C. At a sports club. 5. Which fact does the man present to the woman? A. The ocean is less dangerous than space. B. Space is harder to explore than the ocean. C. The deep sea has fewer visitors than space. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。 听第6段录音，回答第6、7题。 6. What is the woman saving money for? A. A new car. B. A new bed. C. A vacation. 7. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Find another job. B. Take a break from work. C. Work extra hours to meet deadlines. 听第7段录音，回答第8至 10题。 8. Why does the man find the system challenging? A. He has trouble with its booking function. B. He can’t connect it with other software. C. He can’t access its patient records. 9. How will the woman probably help the man? A. By finishing some of his work. B. By organizing his personal files. C. By teaching him how to use an AI tool. 10. Who are the speakers probably? A. Nurses. B. Patients. C. AI experts. 听第8段录音，回答第11 至 13题。 11. Why do the speakers go to the forest? A. To have a break. B. To do research. C. To take care of trees. 12. What would the man like to do after he retires? A. Build his own house. B. Move to rural areas. C. Visit natural reserves. 13. How much money does the man plan to save in a year? A. $5,000. B. $3,600. C. $3,000. 听第9段录音，回答第14 至 17题。 14. How is the woman feeling about her work? A. Sad. B. Confident. C. Stressful. 15. What is the most difficult for the woman? A. Planning lessons. B. Teaching many courses. C. Managing students. 16. What has the woman tried to do? A. Hand out more homework. B. Get some students to help. C. Shorten lesson times. 17. What will the woman do tomorrow? A. Learn from Mr. Smith. B. Cover a class for the man. C. Prepare an open class. 听第10段录音，回答第18至 20题。 18. What is the speaker curious about? A. Whether humans can live on another planet. B. Whether there is life on other planets. C. Whether Earth will be here to stay. 19. What can we learn about Comet(彗星) A3? A. The speaker was lucky to see it. B. No one alive now will ever see it again. C. It passed by Earth 8,000 years ago. 20. What will the speaker do in the future? A. Visit another planet. B. Design an advanced telescope. C. Carry on with his research work. 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A The London Book Fair (LBF) is where the global publishing community unites to develop relationships, gain insights, and define the future of creative content. From publishers, dealmakers, copyright pros, commissioners and global licensors — the entire publishing industry is represented at LBF. Whether you want to meet exhibitors, visit Author HQ and Audio Village or are interested in our conferences and seminars, there’s something for everyone working in the publishing industry. Visit Our exhibitors come back every year because we provide the perfect platform to engage with customers, build brand awareness and do business. Are you ready to be part of it? Exhibit with us Share your expert knowledge with the publishing community. Apply to speak at The London Book Fair and help shape conversations on the trends, ideas and innovations driving the industry. Speak Conference Programmes The London Book Fair hosts over 100 interesting and inspiring sessions each year including The Writers’ Summit, The Academic and Professional Publishing Conference, and a show conference programme which takes place across all three days of the event. Comprising tailor-made sessions organized by our content team, partners, sponsors and our call for speaker submissions, each theatre will address key topics within the publishing industry. Previous themes and topics have included: the essentials of rights selling, contracts and rights deals checklists, how to get published, and how to pitch to agents. Discover our conferences 1. Who would be most interested in The London Book Fair? A. Lawmakers. B. Speakers. C. Bookworms. D. Publishers. 2. Which of the following would you visit if you wanted to make your books known to more? A. Visit B. Exhibit with us C. Speak D. Discover our conferences 3. What is the main purpose of the sessions? A. To meet exhibitors from all over the world. B. To share knowledge with the publishing community. C. To solve the most pressing publishing-related issues. D. To check rights selling, contracts and publishing houses. B For nearly 900 days in 1941 — 44, Nazi forces blockaded (封锁) Leningrad, modern-day St Petersburg in Russia, trying to starve the city into submission. When food ran out, people ate cotton husks, leather belts and even their pets. Nearly a third of the population — some 750,000 civilians — died. Yet in the center of the city, in a former palace, the All Union Institute of Plant Breeding, the world’s first seed bank, housed 250,000 plants from five continents. This collection, if planted, could have fed “every citizen within Leningrad, and the Soviet Union (苏联) and elsewhere besides”. Botanists faced a dilemma: safeguard the seed bank for the future or use it to save themselves and others from starvation? The seed bank’s staff chose not to eat the collection. As botanists, they grasped the potential of the seeds to engineer high-yielding and disease-resistant crops to feed future generations. Their sacrifice was not without consequences: 19 staff starved to death. Whereas today huge gene banks, such as the Svalbard Global Seed Vault in Norway, store copies of the world’s crops in case of disasters, such initiatives used to seem unusual. The plant library was the brainchild of Nikolai Vavilov, a noted botanist. His international fame drew the attention of Soviet authorities, who arrested him in 1940 and accused him of treason (叛国罪). Vavilov died in the prison in 1943. The Soviets did not value Vavilov’s work, but the Nazis did. They thought his collection could be used to create German supercrops. In a twist, Heinz Brücher, a botanist and senior SS officer (党卫军高级官员), launched a secret mission to seize Vavilov’s seeds. The Nazis stole from remote seed-breeding stations and established a rival seed bank in an Austrian castle. After the war Brücher fled, and the seeds he had stolen were lost. But efforts to protect Vavilov’s collection were not in vain: over the past 70 years seeds saved during the blockade have been used to create varieties of wheat that are superior in quality and yield. The sacrifice of the Russian botanists has stocked the world’s breadbasket. 4. Why did the Nazis target Leningrad? A. To arrest botanists there. B. To force it to give in. C. To develop German supercrops. D. To steal the seeds from it. 5. What led to the botanists’ choice? A. The risk to their precious seeds. B. Their devotion to a scientific cause. C. The necessity of feeding all Russians. D. Their consideration for citizens then. 6. Who came up with the first seed bank? A. The Soviets. B. The Nazis. C. Heinz Brücher. D. Nikolai Vavilov. 7. What happened to the seeds after the war? A. They were lost to stealing. B. They were stored secretly. C. They produced better varieties. D. They ended the shortage of crops. C Cutting is one of the fundamental skills of the Chinese kitchen, as central to it as the application of fire and flavour. In ancient China, cooking itself was known as ge peng, “to cut and to cook”; and every lesson for a trainee Chinese chef still involves precise instructions for exactly how everything should be chopped. This is partly because of the popularity of fast stir-frying as a cooking method. For a stir-fry, all the ingredients must be cut into small pieces that need little more than a lick of heat to be cooked. If the pieces are too big, they will remain raw inside while their outsides become dry and “old”(lao). If they are cut unevenly, they will all be cooked at different times, so the final result will be rough and unsatisfactory. And with really fast stir-frying methods such as bao, which literally means “burst” or “explode”, the fine, even chopping of ingredients is even more essential. Careful cutting is not a superficial matter: it is key to the success of the final dish. Chopsticks, used in China for two, maybe even three thousand years, make their own demands. Knives are almost never seen on the Chinese dinner table, so food must be tender enough to be torn gently apart with chopsticks, or otherwise cut into bite-sized pieces. At grand feasts, you may find whole ducks, chickens or pork knuckles, braised (men) so lovingly that they melt away at the touch of a chopstick, but for everyday meals, almost everything is finely cut. But these are simply the practicalities of cutting. What are even more fascinating are the beautiful presentations it brings. Skilful cutting adds an extra dimension to the enjoyment of a dish. Think only of a stir-fry of eel (鳝鱼) and vegetables, where all the ingredients, different though they may be in colour, taste and texture, are cut into similar snaking strands. Delicate cutting is part of a refined and civilised culinary culture that has existed in China for thousands of years. “Knife skills”(dao gong) are still the starting point for any aspiring chef. 8. What can be learned about stir-frying in China? A. It changes ancient Chinese cooking methods. B. It means cooking over a high heat for long. C. It works well with precise chopping of food. D. It is the first step to be a trainee Chinese chef. 9. Why are chopsticks mentioned in the passage? A. To demonstrate how Chinese use them to eat. B. To give an example of how Chinese usually eat. C. To prove their role on the Chinese dinner table. D. To reveal their influences on the way of cutting. 10. What does a Chinese chef have to learn about? A. Food and animals. B. Cutting and frying. C. Cutting and cooking. D. Presentation and nutrition. 11. Which is the best title of the passage? A. The cutting edge. B. The cutting board. C. Chinese cooking methods. D. Traditional Chinese dishes. D A fascinating study led by researchers at Aarhus University in Denmark suggests that toys played a crucial role in the survival of two cultures in ancient Greenland. The research focused on the Norse settlers, who arrived in 985, and the Inuit people, who came around 1000. Although both groups initially thrived, the Norse settlements ultimately failed during the Little Ice Age around 1400, while the Inuit persisted. The study examined toys from both cultures’ settlements, revealing striking differences. Norse settlements had just 72 toys, while similar Inuit sites contained 2,397. The researchers categorized these toys into five groups: weapons, tools, transport, social-play items, and skill-play objects, which revealed that the Inuit children not only had more toys available to them, but that these toys were more diverse. Most important, the researchers found that the differences in the number and diversity of toys grew dramatically over time. They report in the European Journal of Archaeology that, although 8 social-play toys were found among the Norse settlements and 23 social-play toys were found among the Inuit settlements between 1000 and 1200 over the next 200 years the gap grew to 11 social-play toys for the Norse and 158 social-play toys for the Inuit. A similar trend held for all the other categories of toy. As the years went by, toys associated with hunting at sea became more common among the Inuit, but the Norse continued to give their children figurines of horses and birds. In essence, say the researchers, the Norse were adapting their lives to their new environment but continuing to gift old-fashioned toys. Though the lack of toys may indicate that Norse society was less creative from the start, the researchers argue that their tendency to give irrelevant toys worsened any initial lack of creativity and ultimately sabotaged their survival. In contrast, the Inuit’s preference for diverse and relevant toys paved the way for their children to be more innovative and adaptive. A parable for parents if ever there was one. 12. What happened to the Norse settlers in Greenland? A. They lived here for 400 years alone. B. They didn’t survive the Little Ice Age. C. They were defeated by the Inuit people. D. They didn’t give their children enough toys. 13. Which is the right diagram based on the fourth paragraph? A. B. C. D. 14. What does the underlined word “sabotaged” in the last paragraph mean? A. Opposed. B. Threatened. C. Determined. D. Facilitated. 15. Which can be inferred from the passage? A. Parents can learn from it what toys to give to their children. B. The more toys the children have, the more adaptive they will be. C. The Inuit people didn’t provide old-fashioned toys to their children. D. Greenland used to be a wasteland before the Norse settlers arrived. 第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The heart is the most misunderstood of our organs. For a start, it looks nothing like the traditional symbol associated with Valentine’s Day and lovers’ initials carved into tree trunks and the like.____16____ It is more centrally located in the chest than that. Most curious of all, perhaps, is that we make it the emotional seat of our being, as when we declare that we love someone with all our heart or claim a broken heart when they abandon us.____17____ The heart is a wondrous organ and fully deserving of our praise and gratitude, but it is not invested even slightly in our emotional well-being. That’s a good thing. The heart has no time for distractions.____18____ It has just one job to do, and it does it supremely well: it beats. Slightly more than once every second, about 100,000 times a day, as many as 3.5 billion times in a lifetime, it rhythmically pumps blood through your body — and these aren’t gentle forces. They are powerful enough to send blood spurting up to three meters if the aorta (主动脉) is cut. With such a continuous work rate, it is a miracle that most hearts last as long as they do.____19____ That’s 1,680 gallons in a day — more gallons pushed through you in a day than you are likely to put in your car in a year. The heart must pump with enough force not merely to send blood to your outermost extremities but to help bring it all the way back again. It has been calculated that during a lifetime the heart does an amount of work sufficient to lift a one-ton object 150 miles into the air.____20____ It just doesn’t care about your love life. A. Don’t misunderstand me. B. They focus on what to do. C. It is a truly remarkable mechanism. D. The heart is not really one pump but two. E. It is the most single-minded thing within you. F. Every hour your heart pumps around 70 gallons of blood. G. Nor is the heart where we place our right hand to show love of our country. 第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分40分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I came to know this unique individual in a very simple way. One afternoon, in the little town where I then lived, I was taking my dog for a walk when he began to behave ____21____. He rolled crazily on the ground, ____22____ himself against every tree, cried and growled constantly. While I was ____23____ what was wrong with him, I became ____24____ that someone was walking by my side—a man of about 30, poorly dressed. A ____25____, I thought, and I was about to put my hand in my pocket to get him some change. But the stranger ____26____ peacefully at me as though we were old friends. “He’s got a tick(蜱虫), poor chap,” he said, pointing to my dog.“____27____! We’ll have it out.” I was surprised, but there was such warm ____28____ in his gaze that I took no offence at his familiarity. I ____29____ him to a park bench and sat down. He called the dog with a shrill whistle. And, strange to say, my dog, who was usually ____30____ of strangers, responded at once, and, at a sign, put his head on the man’s knee.____31____ the dog’s coat with long, sensitive fingers, the stranger finally uttered a satisfied “A-ha!” “Here it is,” he laughed,____32____holding something in the air. “Now run along, doggie.” As the dog scurried off, the stranger ____33____ with a nod and walked on. His departure was so sudden that it did not ____34____ me until later that I should have given him something for his trouble or at least should have thanked him. But there was the same finality and ____35____about his going as his coming. 21. A. accordingly B. stupidly C. badly D. strangely 22. A. defended B. threw C. rubbed D. warned 23. A. realizing B. complaining C. explaining D. wondering 24. A. sure B. aware C. concerned D. satisfied 25. A. beggar B. neighbor C. volunteer D. doctor 26. A. stared B. smiled C. pointed D. came 27. A. Come along B. Come off C. Come back D. Come down 28. A. peace B. acceptance C. optimism D. friendliness 29. A. chased B. led C. followed D. walked 30. A. fond B. tired C. dismissive D. afraid 31. A. Touching B. Searching C. Shining D. Loosening 32. A. easily B. sincerely C. joyfully D. instantly 33. A. ran B. sat C. rose D. thought 34. A. get to B. occur to C. depend on D. fall on 35. A. self-possession B. self-consciousness C. self-preservation D. self-determination 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In 2001, Ann Bancroft and Liv Arnesen traveled 2,700 kilometers on foot across Antarctica, with each ____36____ (pull) a sled carrying 100 kilograms of food and ____37____ (equip). Crossing this land of extremes was no easy feat. The temperature in Antarctica is often a(n) ____38____ (imagine) -40℃, the temperature ____39____ which skin and flesh freeze. Antarctica holds the record for the coldest temperature ever ____40____ (measure) on Earth, which is -89.2℃. Antarctica contains approximately 70 percent of the world’s fresh water supply, and ____41____ it is considered to be one of the world’s largest deserts. That’s ____42____ Antarctica’s enormous supply of fresh water is locked up in ice that ____43____ (average) over two kilometers in thickness, covering an area roughly the size of the United States. If the ice sheets melted, the seas ____44____ (rise) as much as 60 meters. However, like all other deserts on Earth, Antarctica receives less than 250 millimeters of rain a year. It’s hard to believe that, 500 million years ago, Antarctica had a warm climate and ____45____ cover of dense vegetation. 第三节(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分) 根据提示，写出对应的单词。 46. glorious → ________ vt. 赞美；颂扬；美化 47. argue → ________ n. 论点，争吵，争论 48. recognize → ________ n. 识别；承认；赏识 49. generous → ________ n. 慷慨；大方；宽宏大量 50. justice → ________ n. 不公平/不公正 51. scare → ________ adj. 吓人的 52. destroy → ________ adj. 毁灭性的 53. consume → ________ n. 消费 54. expose → ________ n. 暴露；揭露 55. industry → ________ adj. 勤劳的；勤奋的 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 56. 假定你是李华，你校的英国友好学校计划资助你们学校的3位同学前往英国进行为期两周的文化交流活动。请你给对方写一封邮件，内容包括： (1)感谢对方提供机会； (2)提出你的申请以及原因/优势。 注意： (1)写作词数应为80个左右； (2)首句话已给出； (3)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Sir or Madam, I am Li Hua, a student in your sister school in China. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节(满分25分) 57. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 At sixty-five, I longed for a new purpose. One Sunday, our priest (牧师) suggested I volunteer with the youth department. After convincing my husband, we joined the Sunday school youth Bible class and evening events. It was a time filled with silly games, loud music and the Bible study. Little did I know how much this generation gap would change me. When I took on the challenge of mentoring teenagers, some of whom lived in difficult home situations, I never expected I’d learn something from them. I watched teens learn to care about the homeless and the needy, and I realized they willingly made a difference to someone else’s life. When our priest asked if I’d like to be a leader at the annual summer-camp trip, I jumped at the chance. As I took the first step up into the waiting bus, one of the boys raised his hand. “Here, Mrs. K. Let me help you. I saved a seat for you in the front. It will be easier for you to get out.” His big smile softened my heart. I just said, “Thank you.” Four hours later, we arrived at our destination. I found myself gasping for breath as I trudged up a long hill to the girls’ dorm. Then we prepared for the upcoming drama together. Meanwhile, we had talks about their hopes and dreams, fears and choices. I provided the listening ear, and an arm around a shoulder. I became their cheerleader when they needed it. The next morning the youth had free time and signed up for the zip line (滑索) over a deep canyon. I watched with fascination as our teens ascended a mountainside to zipline across a canyon. I didn’t share with them how terrified I am of heights. One of the camp leaders helped the last teen and then announced, “Any of you leaders who want to zip can get prepared now.” 注意： (1)续写词数应为150个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 One teen boy waved at me and asked if I’d like to have a try. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Once I stepped onto the platform and attached the clip (滑索夹) to the zip line, I suddenly found myself flying through the air. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $