Unit 2 More than fun.语法精讲精练2026-2027学年外研版英语七年级上册

该初中英语知识清单聚焦外研版七上Unit 2核心语法点There be存现句，涵盖基本结构、be动词选择（就近原则）、四大句式（肯定/否定/一般疑问/特殊疑问）、特殊疑问句（对数量/主语/地点提问）、时态变化及与have的区别等范畴，搭建从基础概念到句式转换再到综合应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“易错警示”标注高频考点（如some变any规则、there be与have混用错误），典型例题精讲结合中考题型（如就近原则应用、将来时结构辨析），配套分级专项练习（单选/填空/句型转换），培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设计“知识对比表”（There be与have区别）和“时态变化表”，不同基础学生可快速定位薄弱点，教师可直接用于专题教学或复习，提升课堂实效。

外研版 七上 Unit 2 More than fun.语法精讲精练 —— There be 存现句专题 —— 使用说明 There be 句型又称存现句，用来表示「某地存在某人或某物」，是七年级英语的核心句型，也是中考单项选择、句型转换、动词填空的高频考点。本讲系统讲解 There be 的基本结构、be 动词的选择与就近原则、四大句式（肯定/否定/一般疑问/特殊疑问），重点突破对数量和主语的提问、时态变化、There be 与 have 的区别，配套足量专项练习，答案与解析统一附于文末。 第一讲 知识精讲 一、基本结构与含义 There be 句型表示「某地有某物或某人」，强调客观「存在」。常用结构为：There is/are + 主语（sb./sth.）+ 地点状语。 其中 there 是引导词，本身无词义；be 是谓语动词，句子真正的主语是 be 后面的名词，be 的数要与主语保持一致。 主语类型 be 动词 例句 可数名词单数 is There is a photo of stars on the wall. 墙上有一张星星的照片。 不可数名词 is There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些水。 可数名词复数 are There are many animals in the zoo. 动物园里有很多动物。 There is a book and two pens on the desk. 书桌上有一本书和两支钢笔。 【注】地点状语常由 in/on/at/under/behind/near 等地点介词短语充当，可放句末；强调时也可提至句首。 二、就近原则（核心考点） 当 There be 后有两个或多个并列主语时，be 动词的数遵循「就近原则」——与离它最近的那个主语保持一致。 并列主语顺序 邻近主语 be 动词 例句 a boy and four girls a boy（单数）在前 is There is a boy and four girls in the classroom. four girls and a boy four girls（复数）在前 are There are four girls and a boy in the classroom. 【易错警示】be 动词只看离它最近的主语，与后面主语的单复数无关。判断时先找到紧跟 be 的第一个名词。 三、There be 的四大句式 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 There is/are + 主语 + 地点 There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。 否定句 There is/are + not + 主语 + 地点（is not=isn't, are not=aren't）；肯定句中的 some 变 any There isn't a bird in the tree. 树上没有鸟。There aren't any books on the desk. 一般疑问句 Is/Are + there + 主语 + 地点？（some 变 any） —Are there any trees behind the house? 房后有树吗？ 简略回答 Yes, there is/are. / No, there isn't/aren't. —Yes, there are. / No, there aren't. 是的，有。/不，没有。 【易错警示】① 变否定句、疑问句时，肯定句中的 some 要变为 any（表示请求、建议并希望得到肯定回答时仍用 some）。② 简略回答的主语用 there，不能用 they/it。不能说 *Yes, they are.，必须说 Yes, there are. 四、特殊疑问句：对不同成分提问 1. 对数量提问：How many / How much + be + there...? 提问对象 疑问词组 结构 例句 可数名词复数的数量 How many + 复数名词 How many + 复数 + are there + 地点？ How many apples are there in the box? 箱子里有多少苹果？ 不可数名词的数量 How much + 不可数名词 How much + 不可数 + is there + 地点？ How much water is there in the cup? 杯子里有多少水？ 2. 对主语（存在的人或物）提问 当对 There be 后的整个主语提问时，无论原主语是单数还是复数，习惯上都用「What/Who + is + there + 地点？」，be 动词常用单数 is。 主语性质 疑问词 例句 主语是物 what What is in the box? 箱子里有什么？ 主语是人 who Who is in the room? 谁在房间里？ 3. 对地点提问：Where + be + 主语？ There is a cat under the chair. → Where is the cat? 猫在哪儿？ 对地点状语提问用 where。 五、There be 的时态变化 时态 谓语结构 例句 一般现在时 There is/are There is a park near here. 附近有个公园。 一般过去时 There was/were There was a meeting yesterday. 昨天有个会议。There were many people then. 一般将来时 There will be / There is(are) going to be There will be a concert tomorrow. 明天有场音乐会。 现在完成时 There has/have been There have been great changes. 已经发生了巨大变化。 含情态动词 There + 情态动词 + be There may be a rain this afternoon. 下午可能有雨。 【易错警示】将来时 There is going to be... 中的 be 不能换成 have，且第二个 be 不能丢。不能说 *There is going to have a party.，必须说 There is going to be a party. 六、There be 与 have 的区别（高频） 比较项 There be have/has 含义 客观「存在」：某地有某物 主观「拥有」：某人/物拥有某物 主语 there 为引导词，真正主语在 be 后 句子主语是拥有者（人或物） 例句 There is a book on the desk. 桌上有本书。 I have a book. 我有一本书。 二者不能混用，但当表示「某物本身装有/含有……」时可互换： A week has seven days. = There are seven days in a week. 一周有七天。 【易错警示】不能出现 *There is going to have / *There has 的错误搭配；there be 与 have 一般不在同一句中同时使用。 七、拓展结构 There used to be a cinema here. 这里过去有一家电影院。（used to be 过去曾经有） There is a boy standing under the tree. 有个男孩正站在树下。（There be + sb. + doing，主动） There is no need to worry. 没有必要担心。（There is no + 名词 + to do） 八、典型例题精讲 【例1】There ______ a pen and two rulers in the pencil-box. A. is B. are C. have D. has 【答案】A 【解析】就近原则，离 be 最近的主语 a pen 为单数，用 is，故选 A。 【例2】There ______ a football match in our school next week. A. is going to have B. will have C. is going to be D. are going to be 【答案】C 【解析】next week 表将来用 There is going to be / There will be；不能用 have，a match 单数用 is，故选 C。 【例3】—______ students ______ in the classroom? —Only two. A. How many; are there B. How much; are there C. How many; is there D. How much; is there 【答案】A 【解析】students 为可数复数，用 How many 提问，后接 are there，故选 A。 【例4】There isn't ______ milk in the glass. Would you like ______? A. some; any B. any; some C. some; some D. any; any 【答案】B 【解析】否定句中 some 变 any；第二空表示建议并希望得到肯定回答，仍用 some，故选 B。 【例5】There ______ a lot of people in the park just now. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】D 【解析】just now 表过去用一般过去时；people 为复数，用 were，故选 D。 第二讲 综合演练 一、单项选择（每小题1分，共18分） 1. There ______ some bread and two eggs on the plate. A. is B. are C. have D. has 2. There ______ a sports meeting in our school the day after tomorrow. A. is going to have B. will have C. is going to be D. are going to be 3. —______ bottles of water ______ on the table? —Three. A. How much; is there B. How many; are there C. How many; is there D. How much; are there 4. There ______ no schools in this small village ten years ago. A. is B. are C. was D. were 5. There ______ a pair of glasses and some books on the desk. A. is B. are C. have D. has 6. —Are there any students in the library? —______. A. Yes, they are B. Yes, there are C. No, there are D. No, they aren't 7. There is ______ "u" and ______ "s" in the word "us". A. a; an B. an; a C. a; a D. an; an 8. Look! There ______ some sheep on the hill. A. is B. are C. was D. has 9. There ______ great changes in our hometown since 2010. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 10. —______ in the fridge? —Some fruit and vegetables. A. What are B. What is C. Where is D. Who is 11. There ______ a class meeting next Monday afternoon. A. will have B. is going to have C. will be D. are going to be 12. There isn't ______ in today's newspaper. A. something new B. new something C. anything new D. new anything 13. There ______ two boys and a girl waiting outside. A. is B. are C. was D. has 14. —How ______ rice ______ in the bag? —About five kilos. A. many; is there B. much; is there C. many; are there D. much; are there 15. There ______ a knock at the door while I was reading. A. is B. was C. are D. were 16. There used to ______ a tall tree in front of the house. A. is B. being C. be D. have 17. There is a boy ______ basketball on the playground. A. play B. plays C. playing D. played 18. ______ no air or water on the moon. A. There is B. There are C. It is D. They are 二、用 there be 的适当形式填空（每小题1分，共12分） 1. ______ ______ a book and three pencils in my schoolbag. 2. ______ ______ many people in the supermarket yesterday. 3. ______ ______ a basketball match tomorrow evening. (will) 4. How much milk ______ ______ in the glass? 5. There ______ some fish on the plate. Help yourself. 6. There ______ a few children playing in the park now. 7. Once there ______ an old king who loved horses. 8. There ______ great changes in our city in the past ten years. (have) 9. ______ there any letters for me this morning? 10. There ______ little time left. Please hurry up. 11. There ______ (not) any water in the bottle. It's empty. 12. There ______ a teacher and fifty students in the classroom. 三、句型转换（每小题2分，共8分） 1. There are some birds in the tree.（改为否定句） There ______ ______ birds in the tree. 2. There is some milk in the cup.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） ______ ______ ______ milk in the cup? —______, ______ ______. 3. There are five people in my family.（对划线部分提问：five） ______ ______ people ______ ______ in your family? 4. There is a library in our school.（用 next year 改写为将来时） There ______ ______ a library in our school next year. 答案与解析 一、单项选择 1. 【答案】A 【解析】就近原则，bread 不可数且离 be 最近，用 is 2. 【答案】C 【解析】将来时 There is going to be，不用 have；meeting 单数 is 3. 【答案】B 【解析】bottles 可数复数，How many + are there 4. 【答案】D 【解析】ten years ago 过去时；schools 复数用 were 5. 【答案】A 【解析】就近原则，a pair 作整体为单数，用 is 6. 【答案】B 【解析】回答用 there，肯定 Yes, there are 7. 【答案】A 【解析】u 以辅音音素 /j/ 开头用 a；s 以元音音素 /e/ 开头用 an 8. 【答案】B 【解析】sheep 单复同形，some sheep 为复数，用 are 9. 【答案】D 【解析】since 2010 现在完成时，changes 复数用 have been 10. 【答案】B 【解析】对主语（物）提问用 What is，习惯用单数 is 11. 【答案】C 【解析】将来时 There will be / is going to be，a meeting 单数 12. 【答案】C 【解析】否定句用 anything，形容词修饰不定代词后置 13. 【答案】B 【解析】就近原则，two boys 复数离 be 近，用 are 14. 【答案】B 【解析】rice 不可数，How much + is there 15. 【答案】B 【解析】a knock 单数，was reading 提示过去时，用 was 16. 【答案】C 【解析】There used to be 过去曾经有，to 后接动词原形 be 17. 【答案】C 【解析】There be + sb. doing，主动关系用 playing 18. 【答案】A 【解析】air/water 不可数，there be 用单数 is 二、there be 适当形式填空 1. 【答案】There is 【解析】就近原则，a book 单数 2. 【答案】There were 【解析】yesterday 过去时，people 复数 3. 【答案】There will be 【解析】tomorrow 将来时，will + 动词原形 be 4. 【答案】is there 【解析】milk 不可数，疑问语序 is there 5. 【答案】is 【解析】fish 此处作「鱼肉」不可数，用 is 6. 【答案】are 【解析】a few children 复数，用 are 7. 【答案】lived/was 【解析】once 从前，an old king 单数，过去时 was（there was） 8. 【答案】have been 【解析】in the past ten years 现在完成时，changes 复数 9. 【答案】Were 【解析】this morning 过去时，letters 复数，疑问语序 10. 【答案】is 【解析】little time 不可数，用 is 11. 【答案】isn't 【解析】water 不可数，否定 isn't 12. 【答案】is 【解析】就近原则，a teacher 单数离 be 近 三、句型转换 1. 【答案】aren't any 【解析】否定句 are not=aren't，some 变 any 2. 【答案】Is there any; No; there isn't 【解析】疑问句 is 提前，some 变 any；否定回答 3. 【答案】How many; are there 【解析】对可数复数数量提问 How many + are there 4. 【答案】will be 【解析】next year 将来时 There will be ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 【资料说明】本讲义按学科网精品资料标准编写，聚焦 There be 存现句的结构、就近原则、四大句式与时态变化，适用于七年级句型专题教学与复习。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $