Unit 6 When Disaster Strike.语法精讲精练2026-2027学年外研版八年级英语上册

该初中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了外研版八上Unit 6“过去进行时（含when/while连用）”语法内容，涵盖含义、构成、时间状语、四大句型、时态对比及连词搭配六大知识范畴，搭建了从基础用法到难点突破的递进式学习支架。 清单采用“知识精讲+分层练习”模式，通过典型例题精讲和“长动作背景用过去进行，短动作插入用一般过去”的易错警示口诀强化理解，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。配套单选、填空等三类练习及答案解析，助力学生自主学习，教师可据此高效开展针对性教学。

外研版 八上 Unit 6 When Disaster Strike.语法精讲精练 —— 过去进行时（含 when / while 连用） —— 使用说明 过去进行时表示「过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作」，由 was/were + 动词-ing 构成，是八年级时态教学的重点；它与 when、while 引导的时间状语从句连用（「一个长动作作为背景，一个短动作插入」）更是中考单项选择、完形填空和动词填空的高频难点。本讲系统讲解其含义、时间状语、四大句型，并重点突破 when/while 的时态搭配，配套三类分层练习，答案与解析统一附于文末。 第一讲 知识精讲 一、含义 过去进行时表示在过去的某个时间点正在发生的动作，或在过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作、存在的状态，强调「过去某时正在做」。 —What were you doing at six o'clock yesterday morning? —I was walking on the riverbank. ——昨天早晨六点你在做什么？——我正在河岸上散步。 Mary was helping her sister with English from 6:00 to 8:00 yesterday morning. 昨天早晨六点到八点，玛丽一直在帮妹妹学英语。 二、构成：was / were + 动词-ing 主语 be 动词 谓语结构 例句 I / he / she / it / 单数 was was + v.-ing I/He was reading then. we / you / they / 复数 were were + v.-ing We/They were playing at that time. 【注】动词-ing 的变化规则与现在进行时相同：直接加、去 e 加、重读闭音节双写、ie 变 y（work→working, take→taking, run→running, lie→lying）。 三、常用时间状语 类型 时间状语 过去某一时刻 at that moment/time, at this/that time yesterday, at ten o'clock last night, at six yesterday morning 过去某段时间 the whole morning, all day yesterday, from 9:00 to 10:00 last night, this morning 从句提示 when / while 引导的时间状语从句 I was reading books at that time. 那时我正在读书。 四、四大基本句型 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + was/were + v.-ing + 其他 He was cooking dinner at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭。 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + v.-ing（was not=wasn't, were not=weren't） He wasn't cooking dinner at this time yesterday. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + v.-ing + 其他? —Was he cooking dinner at this time yesterday? 简略回答 Yes, 主语 + was/were. / No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't. —Yes, he was. / No, he wasn't. 是的。/不，他没有。 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + v.-ing + 其他? —What was he doing at this time yesterday? —He was listening to music. 五、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 比较项 过去进行时 was/were doing 一般过去时 did 侧重点 过去某时「正在进行」的过程，强调动作未完成、是背景 过去「完成了」的动作，强调事实、结果 时间状语 at 8 last night, at that time, the whole morning, when/while 从句 yesterday, last week, ...ago, just now, in 2010 例句 I was reading a novel last night. 昨晚我在看小说（强调当时正在看）。 I read a novel last night. 昨晚我看了一本小说（看完了/确有此事）。 六、when 引导的时间状语从句与过去进行时 when（当……时）引导从句时，延续性动词用过去进行时表示持续的背景动作，非延续性（短暂）动词用一般过去时表示突然插入的动作。有两种结构： 结构1：主句过去进行时 + when + 从句一般过去时 主句动作正在进行，when 从句的短动作突然发生、打断主动作，强调从句动作的突然性。 I was playing computer games when my father got home. 我正在玩电脑游戏，这时爸爸到家了。（玩是背景，到家突然插入） We were dancing when a strange man came in. 我们正跳着舞，一个陌生人突然走了进来。 结构2：主句一般过去时 + when + 从句过去进行时 when 从句是持续的背景动作，主句的短动作在这一背景下发生。 When we were having a party in the classroom, our head teacher came in. 我们正在教室开聚会时，校长进来了。 七、while 引导的时间状语从句与过去进行时 while（当……期间；与……同时）只引导延续性动作。若表示过去两个延续性动作同时发生、并行进行，主句和从句都用过去进行时。 While my mother was doing some washing, I was making a kite for my little brother. 妈妈洗衣服的时候，我正在给弟弟做风筝。（两个长动作同时进行） 八、when 与 while 对比总表（核心） 连词 从句动词 从句时态 典型结构 when 延续性 / 非延续性均可 延续用过去进行，短暂用一般过去 sb. was/were doing when sb. did（正在……这时突然……） while 只接延续性动作 从句多用过去进行时 While sb. was/were doing, sb. was/were doing（两长动作并行）；或 sb. did while sb. was doing 【易错警示】判断口诀：「长动作（背景、持续）用过去进行时，短动作（插入、打断）用一般过去时」。长动作用 when 或 while 引导均可，短动作只能用 when；while 从句通常是「进行时」。 【注】when 还可作并列连词，意为「这时（突然）」，相当于 and at that time，固定句型 sb. was/were about to do / doing ... when ...（正要做/正在做……这时突然……）。 九、典型例题精讲 【例1】—What ______ you ______ at six yesterday morning? A. do; do B. did; do C. were; doing D. are; doing 【答案】C 【解析】at six yesterday morning 是过去具体时刻，用过去进行时 were doing，故选 C。 【例2】I ______ computer games when my father got home. A. play B. played C. was playing D. am playing 【答案】C 【解析】「正在玩游戏」是持续背景，「爸爸到家」是突然插入的短动作，主句用过去进行时，故选 C。 【例3】While my mother ______ some washing, I ______ a kite for my brother. A. did; made B. was doing; was making C. does; makes D. is doing; am making 【答案】B 【解析】while 引导两个同时进行的延续动作，主从句都用过去进行时，故选 B。 【例4】We ______ when a strange man ______ in. A. dance; came B. were dancing; came C. danced; was coming D. are dancing; comes 【答案】B 【解析】跳舞是持续背景用过去进行，进来是突然短动作用一般过去，故选 B。 【例5】It ______ heavily when I ______ up this morning. A. rains; wake B. rained; woke C. was raining; woke D. is raining; wake 【答案】C 【解析】this morning 提示过去；醒来（短动作）时正在下雨（长背景），故选 C。 第二讲 综合演练 题型一 单项选择（每小题1分，共15分） 1. —What ______ you ______ at six yesterday morning? —I was walking on the riverbank. A. do; do B. did; do C. were; doing D. are; doing 2. He ______ dinner at this time yesterday. A. cooks B. cooked C. was cooking D. is cooking 3. I ______ computer games when my father got home. A. play B. played C. was playing D. am playing 4. When we ______ a party in the classroom, our head teacher came in. A. have B. had C. were having D. are having 5. While my mother ______ some washing, I ______ a kite for my little brother. A. did; made B. was doing; was making C. does; makes D. is doing; am making 6. Mary ______ her sister with English from 6:00 to 8:00 yesterday morning. A. helps B. helped C. was helping D. is helping 7. We ______ when a strange man came in. A. dance B. were dancing C. danced D. are dancing 8. —Was he cooking dinner at that time? —______. A. Yes, he is B. No, he isn't C. Yes, he was D. No, he doesn't 9. I ______ books at that moment. A. read B. was reading C. am reading D. reads 10. The students ______ loudly when the teacher ______ into the classroom. A. talked; came B. were talking; came C. talk; comes D. are talking; came 11. While I ______ TV, the telephone ______. A. watched; rang B. was watching; rang C. watch; rings D. was watching; was ringing 12. It ______ heavily when I ______ up this morning. A. rains; wake B. rained; woke C. was raining; woke D. is raining; wake 13. They ______ on the farm the whole morning yesterday. A. work B. worked C. were working D. are working 14. What ______ at nine o'clock last night? A. did you do B. were you doing C. are you doing D. do you do 15. She ______ off her bike while she ______ it. A. falls; rode B. fell; was riding C. was falling; rode D. falls; is riding 题型二 用所给动词的适当形式填空（每小题1分，共14分） 1. I ______ (walk) on the riverbank at six yesterday morning. 2. He ______ (not cook) dinner at this time yesterday. 3. —______ you ______ (read) books at that moment? —Yes, I was. 4. I ______ (play) computer games when my father ______ (get) home. 5. While my mother ______ (cook), I ______ (do) my homework. 6. We ______ (dance) when a stranger ______ (come) in. 7. Mary ______ (help) her sister with English from 6:00 to 8:00 yesterday morning. 8. The students ______ (talk) loudly when the teacher came in. 9. It ______ (rain) heavily when I went out. 10. What ______ he ______ (do) at ten o'clock last night? 11. They ______ (work) in the fields the whole morning yesterday. 12. When the telephone rang, she ______ (write) a letter. 13. While they ______ (have) supper, the lights went out. 14. I saw you at the bus stop yesterday. You ______ (wait) for the No.5 bus. 题型三 完成句子 / 句型转换（每小题2分，共10题） A. 根据汉语意思完成句子（1—5题，每空一词） 1. 昨天早晨六点钟你在做什么？ What ______ you ______ at six yesterday morning? 2. 昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭。 He ______ ______ dinner at this time yesterday. 3. 爸爸到家时我正在玩电脑游戏。 I ______ ______ computer games when my father got home. 4. 妈妈洗衣服时，我正在给弟弟做风筝。 While my mother ______ ______ some washing, I ______ ______ a kite. 5. 我们正跳着舞，一个陌生人走了进来。 We ______ ______ when a strange man came in. B. 句型转换（6—10题，每空一词） 6. He was cooking dinner at this time yesterday.（改为否定句） He ______ ______ dinner at this time yesterday. 7. They were playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） ______ ______ playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? —______, ______ ______. 8. I was reading a book at that moment.（对划线部分 reading a book 提问） ______ ______ you ______ at that moment? 9. He did his homework last night.（用 at eight last night 改写为过去进行时） He ______ ______ his homework at eight last night. 10. The students talked loudly. The teacher came in.（用 when 合并为一句） The students ______ ______ loudly ______ the teacher came in. 答案与解析 题型一 单项选择 1. 【答案】C 【解析】过去具体时刻用过去进行时 were doing 2. 【答案】C 【解析】at this time yesterday 用过去进行时，he 用 was cooking 3. 【答案】C 【解析】玩游戏是持续背景用过去进行，got home 短动作一般过去 4. 【答案】C 【解析】when 从句 came in 时，主句正在开聚会用 were having 5. 【答案】B 【解析】while 两延续动作同时进行，主从句都用过去进行 6. 【答案】C 【解析】from...to... 过去段时间持续，用 was helping 7. 【答案】B 【解析】跳舞背景用过去进行，came in 短动作用一般过去 8. 【答案】C 【解析】过去进行时一般疑问句回答仍用 was 9. 【答案】B 【解析】at that moment 过去时刻用 was reading 10. 【答案】B 【解析】交谈是背景用 were talking，老师进来短动作 came 11. 【答案】B 【解析】while 从句持续用 was watching，电话铃响短暂用 rang 12. 【答案】C 【解析】醒来短动作 woke，当时正在下雨长背景 was raining 13. 【答案】C 【解析】the whole morning 过去段时间持续用 were working 14. 【答案】B 【解析】at nine last night 过去时刻用 were you doing 15. 【答案】B 【解析】摔下是短动作 fell，骑车是持续背景 was riding 题型二 适当形式填空 1. 【答案】was walking 【解析】at six yesterday 过去时刻，I 用 was doing 2. 【答案】wasn't cooking 【解析】否定 was not cooking=wasn't cooking 3. 【答案】Were; reading 【解析】一般疑问句 were 提前，后接 reading 4. 【答案】was playing; got 【解析】长背景过去进行，短动作 get 用一般过去 got 5. 【答案】was cooking; was doing 【解析】while 两延续动作同时进行，都用过去进行 6. 【答案】were dancing; came 【解析】跳舞背景进行，进来短动作过去式 7. 【答案】was helping 【解析】from...to... 段时间持续，Mary 单数 was helping 8. 【答案】were talking 【解析】老师进来时正在交谈，students 复数 were talking 9. 【答案】was raining 【解析】出门时正在下雨，长背景 was raining 10. 【答案】was; doing 【解析】特殊疑问句，he 用 was doing 11. 【答案】were working 【解析】the whole morning 段时间，they 用 were working 12. 【答案】was writing 【解析】电话铃响时正在写信，she 用 was writing 13. 【答案】were having 【解析】while 从句持续进行，they 用 were having 14. 【答案】were waiting 【解析】昨天在车站时正在等车，you 用 were waiting 题型三 完成句子 / 句型转换 1. 【答案】were; doing 【解析】过去时刻提问，you 用 were doing 2. 【答案】was cooking 【解析】at this time yesterday，he 用 was cooking 3. 【答案】was playing 【解析】主句持续背景过去进行，I 用 was playing 4. 【答案】was doing; was making 【解析】while 两延续动作同时进行，均用过去进行 5. 【答案】were dancing 【解析】正在跳舞时突然，we 用 were dancing 6. 【答案】wasn't cooking 【解析】否定在 was 后加 not，wasn't cooking 7. 【答案】Were they; No; they weren't 【解析】一般疑问句 were 提前；否定回答 No, they weren't 8. 【答案】What were; doing 【解析】对正在做的动作提问用 What...doing，you 用 were 9. 【答案】was doing 【解析】at eight last night 过去时刻，改为 was doing 10. 【答案】were talking; when 【解析】长动作交谈用 were talking，短动作进来用 when 引导 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $