Unit 6 When disaster strikes-2026-2027学年八年级上册英语词汇语法讲练（外研版）

Unit 6 一、单元单词表 序号 英文单词 1 lost 2 ground 3 scared shut 5 shocking 6 coach 7 straight 8 sand 9 flood 10 thick 11 smoke When disaster 词汇语法讲练 音标 /Iost/ /graond/ /skead/ SAt/ /'fokm/ /kautf/ /strert/ /saend/ /fl d/ /0ik/ /smauk/ strikes 词性 中文释义 丢失的，遗失 adj. 的：迷失的；不 复存在的 地，地面 adj. 害怕的，恐惧的 (使)关（合） V 上，（使）关闭 惊人的，骇人 adj 的，令人难以置 信的 长途汽车：公共 马车，四轮大马 车；教练 笔直地，成直线 adv./adj. 地；直的 n. 沙，沙子；沙滩 洪水，水灾；淹 n./v. 没 厚的：浓密的： adj. 混浊的 (燃烧产生的) n. 烟 12 shower 13 historical 14 expert 15 timeline 16 reaction 17 airline 18 weekday 19 railway 20 rainstorm 21 service 22 search 23 motherland 24 terrible 25 danger 26 disaster 27 earthquake 28 storm 29 tsunami 30 hurricane 31 volcano 32 eruption I'fava(r)/ 1n. /hr'storikl/ adj. /'eksp3:t/ n. /'tarmlam/ n. hi'aekfn/ n. /'ealamn/ n. /wi:kder/ n. /'redlwer/ n. /'remnsto:m/ n /'s3:vIs/ n. 3 v./n. /'mwǒelaend/ n. /'terabl/ adj. /'demnd33(r)/ n. /dI'za:sta(r)/ /'3:θkwe/ /sto:m/ n. /tsu:'na:mi/ n. /'hankan/ n. /vol'kemau/ 1n. h'rapfn/ 1n. 一阵（洒落 物)；淋浴 (有关)历史的 专家 时间线，时间表 反应 航空公司 工作日 铁路，铁道 暴风雨 (车、船等的) 交通服务，班 次；服务 寻找；搜索，搜 寻 祖国 剧烈的：厉害 的：非常严重 的；可怕的 危险 灾难，灾祸 地震 暴风雨 海啸 飓风 火山 爆发，喷发 33 ash 34 shake 35 coast 36 warning 37 iron 38 fashion 39 slim 40 bleed 41 uncomfortable 42 jeans 43 encouraging 44 herself 45 university 46 honour 47 wound 48 suIvivor 49 shelter 50 rescue 51 support 二、 单元短语表 序号 1 /e/ n. 灰，灰烬 摇动，震动（过 /eik/ 去式shook) /kaust/ n. 海岸 /'w3/ n. 警告，警示 /'aIan/ adj./n. 极坚强的：铁 /'fae.[n/ n. 时装业：时尚 /slrm/ adj. 苗条的，修长的 /bli:d/ V. 流血，出血 /an'kamftabl/ adj. 不舒服的 /d3inz/ n.(pl.) 牛仔裤 令人鼓舞的，振 /m'kId3四/ adj 奋人心的 /h3:'self/ pron. 她自己 /.ju:nr'v3:soti/ n. 大学 荣幸，光荣；荣 /'Dna(r)/ 誉 伤痛，伤害：伤 /wu:nd/ n. 口 /sa'varva(r)/ 幸存者 ∫elta(r)y 1n. 避难所，庇护处 /'reskju:/ v./m. 营救，救援 支持，支撑；帮 /se'po:t/ v./n. 助 英文短语 中文释义 natural disaster 自然灾害 st 乙 EE 乙乙 I乙 07 61 8I LI 91 SI bI EI 乙I II OI 6 8 L 9 S b E 乙 shake very hard 剧烈 rush into 冲 wake sb up 叫醒 shut one's eyes 闭上某人 just then 就在 go straight ahead 直行，径 from side to side 从一边到另 move back 退去， on the sand 在沙 dark cloud 乌 move down 向下 a shower of ash 阵少 volcanic eruption 火山 tsunami warning 海啸 be scared of 害怕 on the coast 在海 relate to 与… decide to do sth 决定估 sea animals 海洋 be trapped 被 lose one's home 失去 come out of the shadows 走出 look forward to 期 search for 搜寻， 震动 进 某人 的眼睛 那时 直往前走 边， 左右地 后退 子上 云 移动 山灰 喷发 预警 岸 有关联 某事 动物 困 家园 阴影 待 寻找 26 deal with 处理，应对 词汇专项练习 一、根据汉语意思或首字母，写出正确的单词。（每空1分，共10分） 1丢失的：迷失的 2.害怕的，恐惧的 3.关闭 4.惊人的，骇人的 5.专家 6.反应 7.暴风雨 8.海啸 9.警告 10.幸存者 二、单项选择，选出最合适的一项。（每小题1分，共15分） 1.-What a story!Everyone was shocked. A.scared B.shocking C.scary D.encouraged 2.During the earthquake,the ground very hard and many buildings fell down. A.shut B.shook C.shooked D.shaken 3.The of the people to the disaster was quick and brave. A.reaction B.action C.information D.situation 4.The firefighters their best to save the people in the fire. A.did B.made C.took D.gave 5.-Why did the boy run away? A.was scared of B.was shocked of C.was fiightening D.was terrible 6.The old man couldn't his eyes when he saw the thick smoke A.open B.shut C.shake D.bleed 7.After the tsunami warning,people quickly moved back from the A.ground B.coast C.smoke D.sand 8.The expert said that volcanic eruptions can be very dangerous. A.historical B.historic C.history D.disaster 9.We should for the missing people after the flood. A.search B.service C.support D.rescue 10.The little girl was trapped in the ruins and she felt very A.uncomfortable B.encouraging C.interesting D.excited 11.The of the volcano happened suddenly,covering the town with ash. A.eruption B.reaction C.warning D.service 12.Many lost their homes in the hurricane. A.survivors B.experts C.coaches D.volunteers 13.The rescue workers helped the people to in a safe shelter. A.support B.shelter C.search D.shake 14.-What did you do when you saw the dark clouds? A.rushed B.moved C.shook D.looked 15.It's to see so many brave people helping each other after the disaster. A.encouraging B.scared C.terrible D.uncomfortable 三、用所给单词的适当形式或对应词填空。（每空1分，共10分） 1.After the earthquake,the ground (shake)for a long time. 2.Many people were (trap)under the fallen buildings. 3.The news about the disaster was really (shock).Everyone felt sad. 4.We should leamn how to (deal)with natural disasters. 5.The volcano (eruption)caused a thick cloud of ash. 6.The little boy was」 (scare)of the loud thunder. 7.He decided (look)forward to a better life after the disaster. 8.The (survive)of the shipwreck were finally rescued. 9.She is a strong woman.She didn't even (bleed)when she hurt her leg 10.The government gave a_ (wamn)to all people living near the coast. 四、情景交际：补全对话（每空2分，共20分） A:Did you hear about the (1) (自然的)disaster last week? B:Yes,it was a terrible(2) (地震).The ground(3) (震动)very hard. A:Were you (4) (害怕的)when it happened? B:A little,but I(5) (闭上)my eyes and stayed under the table. A:That's the right thing to do.Did you (6) (搬进)a shelter? B:Yes,we moved to a safe place.The rescue workers came to (7) (营救)us. A:I'm glad you're safe.Many people (8) (失去)their homes in the disaster. B:Iknow.I hope they can(9) (处理)the situation well. A:We should all (10) (支持)each other in difficult times. 五、连词成句（注意标点和大小写）。（每小题5分，共25分） 1.natural,disasters,can,terrible,be ( → 2.the,coast,people,move,back,from,should,the ( → 3.shut,eyes,her,she,quickly,when,saw,the,smoke ( → 4.look,forward,to,I,meeting,you,again ( → 5.search,we,for,the,missing,must,people,after,the,storm (. 参考答案 一、根据汉语意思或首字母，写出正确的单词 1.lost 2.scared 3.shut 4.shocking 5.expert 6.reaction 7.rainstorm storm 8.tsunami 9.warning 10.survivor 二、单项选择 1.B(shocking修饰事物“令人震惊的”；scared修饰人)2.B(shake过去式shook)3.A(reaction 反应)4.A(do one's best固定搭配)5.A(be scared of害怕)6.B(shut one''s eyes闭上眼)7.B (coast海岸)8.A(historical历史相关的；historic有历史意义的，此处指研究历史的专家)9.A (search for搜寻)10.A(ncomfortable不舒服的)1l.A(eruption爆发)12.A(survivors幸存 者)I3.B(shelter避难所，动词shelter也可，但此处是“to shelter'”动名/不定式？注意：这里是 “帮助人们在安全的庇护所里shelter(避难)”，选项B shelter作动词，正确)l4.A(ushed into 冲进)15.A(encouraging令人鼓舞的) 三、用所给单词的适当形式或对应词填空 1.hook(过去式)2.trapped（被困)3.shocking（令人震惊的)4.deal(deal with固定短语，to后 接动词原形)5.eruption（名词，火山喷发)6.scared(害怕的)7.to look(decide to do sth.;look forward to中的to是介词，但这里decide to do sth.结构，所以填to look,后面接forward to宾语) 8.survivors（幸存者，复数)9.bleed(didn't后接动词原形)10.warning（名词，警告) 四、情景交际：补全对话 (1)natural(2)earthquake(3)shook (4)scared (5)shut(6)move into (7)rescue (8)lost(9)deal with (10) support 五、连词成句 1.Natural disasters can be terrible 2.People should move back from the coast. 3.She shut her eyes quickly when she saw the smoke. 4.I look forward to meeting you again. 5.We must search for the missing people after the storm. 核心语法精讲练： 考点1：过去进行时的基本概念与结构 1.核心含义：表示过去某一具体时刻/某一时间段内正在进行的 状态”“持续性”。 2.谓语基本结构：was/were+动词现在分词(V-ing) 句式变化表 句式类型 结构公式 主语+was/were+V-ing+其 肯定句 他 主语+was/weIe+not+V-ing 否定句 +其他 Was/Were+主语+V-img+其 一般疑问句 他？ 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语 特殊疑问句 +V-ing+其他？ 现在分词(V-ing)构成规则表 规则类型 变形方法 动作，强调动作在过去的“进行 主语搭配说明 主语为Ihe/shet/单数名词时用 was;主语为you/we/they/复数 名词时用weIe was not-wasn't were not- weren't 肯定回答：Yes,主语+ was/were.;否定回答：No,主 语+wasn't/weren't 对动作提问时常用“What were/was.doing?句型 例词 一般动词 直接在词尾加-ing Iead→reading,play→playing,. wait→waiting 以不发音e结尾的动词 去掉e再加-img wite→vriting,.come→coming, shake-→shaking 重读闭音节结尾、末尾只有1个 双写末尾辅音字母再加-ing sit→sitting,1un→1nun山ng, 辅音字母 begin--→beginning 以ie结尾的动词 变ie为y再加-ing ie→lying,die→dying,tie→tying 即学即练（过去进行时·基本结构）单项选择 1.1 taking a shower when the rainstorm came last night. A.am B.was C.were D.is 2.They not playing basketball at 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon. A.was B.is C.were D.are 3. your sister doing her homework at this time last Sunday? A.Was;was B.Were;were C.Was;were D.Were;was 4.Look!The little boy under the tree when the earthquake happened. A.lie B.lies C.was lying D.is lying 5.We from 7 p.m.to 9 p.m.last Friday,so we didn't hear the phone. A.read B.were reading C.are reading D.will read 6.She was a letter to her friend when I visited her. A.writeing B.writing C.wrote D.writes 7.-What you doing when the tsunami warning came? A.was;was B.were;were C.were;was D.was;were 8.The students not in the classroom when the fire alarm rang. A.was;studying B.were;studying C.are;studying D.is;studying 9.When the volcano erupted,thick smoke rising into the sky A.is B.was C.were D.are 10.At that moment,people running out of the building quickly A.was B.is C.were D.are 考点2：过去进行时的核心用法 用法分类与标志词 用法序号 用法说明 常见时间标志词 教材原句示例 at+具体时刻+过去 时间（如at8o'clock 表示过去某一具体时 yesterday moming）;at She was playing the ① this time+过去时间 刻正在进行的动作 piano at 8 am yesterday. (如at this time last night);at that time/moment,then fon.to..+过去时间 （如ffom7pmto9pm They were working the 表示过去某一时间段 ② last Friday）;the whole whole morning last 内持续进行的动作 morning/aftemnoon+过 Saturday 去时间 用于描述故事背景、 That night,I was 灾害发生时的场景， 常出现在记叙文开 ③ sleeping when the 铺垫长动作发生时的 头、灾害事件描述中 ground shook very hard. 背景 即学即练（过去进行时·核心用法） 单项选择 1.What were you doing this time last night? A.in B.on C.at D.for 2.He TV from 6 pm to 8 pm yesterday,so he didn't answer my call. A.watched B.was watching C.watches D.will watch 3.I saw a car accident while I down the street at that moment. A.walked B.am walking C.was walking D.walk 4.The whole family dinner when the flood hit the village. A.were having B.are having C.had D.have 5.She an English novel at 9 o'clock last Sunday morning. A.reads B.is reading C.was reading D.read 6.-I called you at 7 yesterday evening,but no one answered. -Oh,I a bath at that time. A.took B.was taking C.take D.am taking 7.We basketball the whole afternoon yesterday,so we felt very tired A.play B.are playing C.played D.were playing 8.When the thunderstorm came,my parents in the garden. A.worked B.were working C.work D.are working 9.At 10:00 last night,I heard a strange noise when I in bed. A.lie B.was lying C.lay D.amlying 10.The little girl a kite when the strong wind started to blow. A.flies B.flew C.was flying D.is flying 考点3：when/while引导时间状语从句的时态差异（单元重难点） 用法对比表 引导词 从句动词特征 时态搭配规则 例句 ①从句为短暂性动词 (一般过去时)，主 句为延续性动词（过 ①I was reading when 去进行时)，表“某 the earthquake 既可以接短暂性动词 个短暂动作发生时， happened..(地震发生 (动作瞬间完成)， 另一个长动作正在进 时我正在看书)② when 也可以接延续性动词 行”；②从句为延续 When I was reading,the (动作持续一段时 性动词（过去进行 间) 时)，主句为短暂性 earthquake happened. (我正在看书时，地 动词（一般过去 震发生了) 时)，表“长动作进 行过程中，某个短暂 动作突然发生” ①从句通常用过去进 ①While I was sleeping, 行时，若主句为短暂 the phone1ang.(我睡 性动词则用一般过去 觉时电话响了)② 时：②若主句和从句 只能接延续性动词 While my mom was while 都是延续性长动作， cooking,my dad was 主从句都用过去进行 reading newspapers. 时，表“两个动作同 (妈妈做饭时，爸爸 时在过去持续进行” 在看报) 1.记忆口诀： √when可长可短，while只能接长 长动作用进行，短动用一般过去 即学即练(wMen/while从句)单项选择 1. I was walking to school,I saw a terrible traffic accident A.While B.When C.Before D.After 2.My mother was cooking my father came back home. A.while B.when C.because D.although 3.What was your brother doing the storm started? A.while B.as soon as C.when D.until 4.While the girl her mother came into her room quietly. A.sleeps B.slept C.was sleeping D.is sleeping 5. Tom was playing computer games,his sister was doing her homework A.When B.While C.If D.Because 6.We were having an English class the ground began to shake. A.while B.when C.until D.since 7. the rain was beating heavily against the window,I was making a phone call. A.While B.When C.Before D.After 8.He was listening to music he was riding his bike to school. A.when B.while C.after D.as soon as 9.I met my old friend I was walking in the park after the disaster. A.before B.until C.while D.though 10.When the little boy his parents were looking for him everywhere A.gets lost B.got lost C.was getting lost D.is getting lost 考点4：过去进行时与一般过去时的辨析（单元易混点） 核心差异对比表 时态 动作特征 时间侧重点 例句 She was writing a report 强调动作在过去某时 侧重动作“进行的过 at8 last night..(昨晚8 过去进行时 间点“正在进行”， 程”，不一定说明动 点她正在写报告 未提及完成 作是否完成 不知道写完没有) She wrote a report last 表示过去某个时间发 侧重动作“发生、完 ight.（(昨晚她写了一 一般过去时 生的动作，动作已经 成”的事实 份报告 已经写完 完成结束 了) 即学即练（过去进行时与一般过去时辨析）单项选择 1.I a book about natural disasters last week A.read B.was reading C.am reading D.reads 2.I a book about natural disasters at 8 last night. A.read B.was reading C.reads D.will read 3.-Did you see the accident yesterday? A.walk B.was walking C.walked D.am walking 4.He to Beijing for a meeting last month. A.goes B.went C.was going D.will go 5.He to Beijing when I called him last week A.drives B.drove C.was driving D.is driving 6.They many buildings after the earthquake last year. A.built B.were building C.build D.are building 7.They new houses when the second earthquake hit the area. A.built B.were building C.build D.are building 8.She three emails to her friends yesterday afternoon. A.writes B.wrote C.was writing D.is writing 9.She an email to her friend when I knocked at the door. A.writes B.wrote C.was writing D.write 10.The earthquake in the middle of the night,when most people A.came;slept B.was coming;slept C.came;were sleeping D.was coming;were sleeping 参考答案 即学即练（过去进行时·基本结构） 1.B2.C3.A4.C5.B6.B7.C8.B9.B10.C 即学即练（过去进行时·核心用法） 1.C2.B3.C4.A5.C6.B7.D8.B9.B10.C 即学即练(when/while.从句) 1.A2.B3.C4.C5.B6.B7.A8.B9.C10.B 即学即练（过去进行时与一般过去时辨析） 1.A2.B3.B4.B5.C6.A7.B8.B9.C10.C