Unit 6 Live green 精读精练学案 2026-2027学年外研版英语九年级上册

该初中英语学案以九年级上册Unit 6“Live green”为主题，围绕“环境保护”“绿色生活”核心概念，整合构词法、核心词汇及句型，设计“精读范文-逐点解析-精练巩固”的递进式学习路径，引导学生系统建构语言知识与环保主题认知。 亮点在于主题探究与语言能力培养的深度融合，通过精读《Plastic: Good or Bad?》和寓言故事，结合读后思考分析塑料态度变化及环境问题，培养思维品质。构词法系统梳理（如合成词long-lasting、派生词environmental）与错例分析助力语言能力提升，为教师单元复习提供完整教学支持，促进学生深度学习与综合素养发展。

九年级英语（外研版）上册 · 精读精练学案 Unit 6 Live green 外研版九年级上册Unit 6的主题为“Live green”，属于“人与自然”范畴，涉及“环境保护”“绿色生活”“人与自然相互依存”等主题。本单元围绕“绿色生活”这一话题展开，引导学生关注塑料污染、工业废弃物处理等环境问题，并思考个人如何践行绿色生活方式。阅读文本《Plastic: Good or Bad?》按时间线梳理了塑料从发明到成为全球性污染物的历程。另一阅读语篇《Hey! Come on out!》则以科幻寓言形式呈现了“填洞”处理废弃物的荒诞故事。 本单元语法为构词法，包括合成法（两个单词组合成新词）、派生法（加前缀或后缀构成新词）和转化法（词形不变、词性改变）。其中，前缀re-表示“重新”，dis-/un-/im-表示否定；后缀-tion/-ment表示名词，-ful/-less表示形容词。 本学案将本单元零散分布于各板块的语法规则、核心词汇、固定搭配、重点句型整合为一篇精读范文。建议先精读范文完成读后思考，再对照逐点解析深入学习，最后完成精练篇目巩固检测。 一、精读范文 ①When plastic was invented around 1870, it was considered an amazing material. ②It was light, long-lasting and cheap. ③Many people believed plastic would make life better. ④Back then it was called an “environmental hero”! ⑤However, today we have to face the dark side of plastic. ⑥Plastic is everywhere — in the sea, on land and in the air. ⑦It may take hundreds of years to break down. ⑧Every year, around 100,000 sea animals die because of plastic waste. ⑨On average, each person may eat about 5g of plastic every week. ⑩Plastic influences not only animals but also humans. ⑪Nowhere is free from this man-made material. ⑫A businessman once started a hole-filling company. ⑬Trucks full of industrial waste came from far and wide. ⑭No matter what dirty things people threw, the hole took them all. ⑮The hole gave peace of mind to everyone — ⑯but for how long? ⑰The hole might one day become full and cause even bigger problems. ⑱Now I understand that there is no “away” — ⑲everything we throw away has to go somewhere. ⑳Green living helps keep the earth clean and safe for everyone. ㉑Everyone knows that there is no Planet B. ㉒Let us go plastic-free and take action to protect our planet. ㉓Only by living a green life can we secure a future for ourselves and for the generations to come. 【中文翻译】 ①塑料发明于1870年前后，当时被视为一种神奇的材料。②它轻便、耐用且便宜。③许多人相信塑料会让生活更美好。④那时它被称为“环境英雄”！ ⑤然而，今天我们不得不面对塑料的阴暗面。⑥塑料无处不在——在海里、在陆地上、在空气中。⑦它可能需要数百年才能分解。⑧每年约有10万只海洋动物死于塑料垃圾。⑨平均而言，每个人每周可能摄入约5克塑料。⑩塑料不仅影响动物，也影响人类。⑪没有任何地方能免于这种人造材料的影响。 ⑫一位商人曾创办了一家填洞公司。⑬满载工业废料的卡车从四面八方驶来。⑭无论人们扔进去什么肮脏的东西，这个洞都照单全收。⑮这个洞让所有人都安心了——⑯但这种安心能持续多久？⑰有一天这个洞可能会被填满，引发更大的问题。 ⑱现在我明白了，并没有所谓的“消失”——⑲我们扔掉的一切都必须去往某个地方。⑳绿色生活为所有人守护地球的洁净与安全。㉑所有人都知道，我们没有第二个地球。㉒让我们实行无塑生活，采取行动保护我们的星球。㉓只有践行绿色生活，我们才能为自己和子孙后代确保一个未来。 【读后思考】 1. How did people’s attitude towards plastic change from the past to the present? 2. What problems does plastic cause according to the passage? 3. What does the writer mean by “there is no ‘away’”? What lesson does this teach us? （答案在文末“参考答案与解析”） 二、范文逐点解析 ① When plastic was invented around 1870, it was considered an amazing material. 知识点：When引导时间状语从句，描述过去特定时间点发生的动作。was invented为一般过去时的被动语态，表示“被发明”。consider...as...意为“把……视为……”，此处省略了as。 词汇延伸：invent（发明）→ invention（n.发明）→ inventor（n.发明者）。consider（认为）→ consideration（n.考虑）。 例句：When the telephone was invented, it changed the world.（电话被发明时，它改变了世界。） ② It was light, long-lasting and cheap. 知识点：long-lasting为合成形容词，由“形容词+现在分词”构成，意为“耐用的、持久的”。cheap意为“便宜的”，其比较级为cheaper，最高级为cheapest。 构词法：long-lasting为合成词（long + lasting） 例句：This kind of material is light and long-lasting.（这种材料轻便且耐用。） ③ Many people believed plastic would make life better. 知识点：believed后接宾语从句，从句中用would（will的过去式），表示“从过去的时间点看将来会发生的事”。make life better为“make + 宾语 + 形容词”结构，意为“使生活更好”。 例句：People believed that technology would make life easier.（人们相信科技会让生活更轻松。） ④ Back then it was called an “environmental hero”! 知识点：Back then意为“在当时、那时候”，用于引出过去的时间背景。was called为被动语态，意为“被称为”。environmental hero为名词短语，environmental为environment的形容词形式。 词汇延伸：environment（环境）→ environmental（环境的）→ environmentalist（环保主义者）。 例句：Back then, plastic was seen as a great invention.（那时候，塑料被视为一项伟大的发明。） ⑤ However, today we have to face the dark side of plastic. 知识点：However为转折副词，引出与前文相反的观点。have to意为“不得不”，强调客观需要。face意为“面对”。dark side意为“阴暗面、负面”。 例句：However, we have to face the problem of pollution.（然而，我们不得不面对污染问题。） ⑥ Plastic is everywhere — in the sea, on land and in the air. 知识点：everywhere为不定副词，意为“到处”。破折号后为介词短语作状语，具体说明塑料无处不在的地点。in the sea, on land, in the air为三个并列的介词短语。 例句：Plastic waste is everywhere — in rivers, on beaches and in forests.（塑料垃圾无处不在——在河流里、海滩上和森林中。） ⑦ It may take hundreds of years to break down. 知识点：It takes + 时间 + to do sth.为固定句型，意为“做某事花费……时间”。break down为固定短语，意为“分解、降解”。hundreds of意为“数百的”，表示不确切的数量。 例句：It may take thousands of years for glass to break down.（玻璃可能需要数千年才能分解。） ⑧ Every year, around 100,000 sea animals die because of plastic waste. 知识点：because of为介词短语，后接名词短语plastic waste，意为“因为”。die为不及物动词，意为“死亡”。100,000为“十万”。 例句：Many sea animals die because of plastic pollution.（许多海洋动物死于塑料污染。） ⑨ On average, each person may eat about 5g of plastic every week. 知识点：On average为固定短语，意为“平均来看”。may表示推测，意为“可能”。5g of plastic中，5g为“5克”，g为gram的缩写。 例句：On average, people spend about 8 hours sleeping every day.（平均而言，人们每天花大约8小时睡觉。） ⑩ Plastic influences not only animals but also humans. 知识点：not only...but also...为并列连词，意为“不仅……而且……”，连接两个并列成分。influence意为“影响”，其名词形式为influence。 例句：Pollution influences not only our health but also our future.（污染不仅影响我们的健康，也影响我们的未来。） ⑪ Nowhere is free from this man-made material. 知识点：Nowhere为否定副词，置于句首起强调作用。free from为固定短语，意为“不含……、没有……”。man-made为合成形容词，由“名词+过去分词”构成，意为“人造的”。 构词法：man-made为合成词（man + made），属于合成法。nowhere为合成词（no + where）。 例句：Nowhere is safe from the effects of climate change.（没有任何地方能免受气候变化的影响。） ⑫ A businessman once started a hole-filling company. 知识点：once意为“曾经”，用于描述过去发生过的事。hole-filling为合成形容词，由“名词+现在分词”构成，意为“填洞的”。start a company意为“创办公司”。 构词法：hole-filling为合成词（hole + filling），属于合成法。 例句：He once started a recycling company.（他曾经创办了一家回收公司。） ⑬ Trucks full of industrial waste came from far and wide. 知识点：full of为固定短语，意为“充满……”。industrial为industry的形容词形式，意为“工业的”。far and wide为固定短语，意为“四面八方、到处”。 词汇延伸：industry（工业）→ industrial（工业的）→ industrialize（使工业化）。 例句：People came from far and wide to see the exhibition.（人们从四面八方赶来参观展览。） ⑭ No matter what dirty things people threw, the hole took them all. 知识点：No matter what引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么……”，相当于whatever。took them all意为“照单全收”。dirty things意为“肮脏的东西”。 例句：No matter what happens, we should never give up.（无论发生什么，我们都不应放弃。） ⑮ The hole gave peace of mind to everyone — 知识点：give peace of mind to sb.意为“让某人安心”。peace of mind为固定短语，意为“安心、心安”。 例句：The good news gave peace of mind to all of us.（这个好消息让我们所有人都安心了。） ⑯ but for how long? 知识点：for how long为疑问短语，意为“能持续多久”，此处为修辞性问句，暗示这种“安心”不会持久。 例句：The solution worked — but for how long?（这个办法奏效了——但能持续多久？） ⑰ The hole might one day become full and cause even bigger problems. 知识点：one day意为“总有一天”，用于表示未来的某个时间。become full意为“变满”。cause problems意为“引发问题”。 例句：If we keep polluting, we might one day face even bigger problems.（如果我们继续污染，总有一天会面临更大的问题。） ⑱ Now I understand that there is no “away” — 知识点：that引导宾语从句，作understand的宾语。away在此处为名词化用法，加引号表示“消失”这个概念。破折号起解释说明的作用。 例句：We should remember that there is no “away” when we throw things out.（我们应该记住，当我们扔掉东西时，并没有所谓的“消失”。） ⑲ everything we throw away has to go somewhere. 知识点：we throw away为定语从句，修饰先行词everything，省略了关系代词that。throw away为固定短语，意为“扔掉”。has to意为“不得不”。somewhere意为“某个地方”。 例句：Everything we throw away has to go somewhere.（我们扔掉的一切都必须去往某个地方。） ⑳ Green living helps keep the earth clean and safe for everyone. 知识点：Green living为“形容词+动名词”构成的合成名词，意为“绿色生活”。helps后接省略to的不定式keep。keep + 宾语 + 形容词为“使……保持……”结构。 例句：Green living helps keep our city clean.（绿色生活有助于保持城市清洁。） ㉑ Everyone knows that there is no Planet B. 知识点：that引导宾语从句。Planet B意为“B星球”，比喻“第二个地球”，强调地球的唯一性。 例句：Everyone knows that there is no Planet B, so we must protect this one.（所有人都知道没有第二个地球，所以我们必须保护这个。） ㉒ Let us go plastic-free and take action to protect our planet. 知识点：Let us do sth.为祈使句，意为“让我们做某事”。go plastic-free为“go + 形容词”结构，意为“实行无塑生活”。take action为固定短语，意为“采取行动”。 构词法：plastic-free为合成形容词，由“名词+free”构成，意为“无塑料的”。-free为后缀，表示“不含……的”。 例句：Let us go plastic-free and take action to save the ocean.（让我们实行无塑生活，采取行动拯救海洋。） ㉓ Only by living a green life can we secure a future for ourselves and for the generations to come. 知识点：Only + 介词短语置于句首，主句须部分倒装（can we secure）。secure在此处为动词，意为“确保、获得”。generations to come意为“子孙后代”。 例句：Only by working together can we solve the problem.（只有通过共同努力，我们才能解决这个问题。） 三、基础知识梳理 （一）重点词汇 词汇 词性 释义 词形变换 plastic n./adj. 塑料；塑料的 — invent v. 发明 invention n.发明；inventor n.发明者 consider v. 认为、考虑 consideration n.考虑 replace v. 取代、代替 replacement n.替代品 long-lasting adj. 耐用的、持久的 合成词（long + lasting） cheap adj. 便宜的 cheaper 比较级；cheapest 最高级 environment n. 环境 environmental adj.环境的 pollution n. 污染 pollute v.污染 harm n./v. 危害、伤害 harmful adj.有害的；harmless adj.无害的 recycle v. 回收利用 recycling n.回收 upcycle v. 升级改造 upcycling n.升级改造 industrial adj. 工业的 industry n.工业 waste n./v. 废弃物；浪费 wasteful adj.浪费的 litter n./v. 垃圾；乱扔垃圾 — breakdown n. 分解、崩溃 break down v.分解 average n./adj. 平均数；平均的 — tiny adj. 极小的 — silently adv. 无声地 silent adj.无声的 electronic adj. 电子的 electronics n.电子学 influence v./n. 影响 — generation n. 一代人 — secure v./adj. 确保；安全的 security n.安全 reusable adj. 可重复使用的 reuse v.重复使用 decomposable adj. 可分解的 decompose v.分解 （二）重点短语 短语 释义 例句 break down 分解、降解 Plastic takes hundreds of years to break down. take action 采取行动 We must take action to protect the environment. throw away 扔掉 Don’t throw away plastic bottles. far and wide 四面八方、到处 People came from far and wide. no matter what 无论什么 No matter what happens, keep trying. free from 不含……、没有…… Nowhere is free from plastic pollution. on average 平均来看 On average, each person uses 100 plastic bags a year. by mistake 错误地 I threw the paper away by mistake. go plastic-free 实行无塑生活 Let’s go plastic-free! cut down 减少 We should cut down plastic use. give peace of mind to 让某人安心 The news gave peace of mind to everyone. full of 充满…… The truck was full of waste. in the sea 在海里 Plastic waste is in the sea, on land and in the air. take + 时间 + to do 花费时间做某事 It may take hundreds of years to break down. not only...but also... 不仅……而且…… Plastic influences not only animals but also humans. live green 绿色生活 It is important to live green. （三）重点句型 句型 结构 例句 It takes + 时间 + to do sth. 做某事花费……时间 It may take hundreds of years to break down. No matter what + 主语 + 谓语，主句 无论什么……，…… No matter what dirty things people threw, the hole took them all. 主语 + influence not only... but also... 主语不仅影响……而且影响…… Plastic influences not only animals but also humans. Only + 介词短语 + 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语 只有通过……才能…… Only by living a green life can we secure a future. Let’s do sth. 让我们做某事吧 Let’s go plastic-free! There is no + 名词 没有…… There is no Planet B. （四）单元语法：构词法 构词法是研究词的构成规律的方法。英语中主要有三种构词方式：合成法、派生法和转化法。 1. 合成法（Compounding） 定义：将两个或两个以上的词合在一起构成一个新词。 类型 构成方式 示例 复合名词 名词 + 名词 classroom（教室），greenhouse（温室） 复合形容词 形容词 + 现在分词 long-lasting（耐用的） 复合形容词 名词 + 现在分词 hole-filling（填洞的） 复合形容词 名词 + 过去分词 man-made（人造的） 复合形容词 名词 + 形容词 plastic-free（无塑料的） 复合代词 every-/no-等 + body/one/thing/where nowhere（无处），everything（一切），everyone（每人） 2. 派生法（Derivation） 定义：在词根上加前缀或后缀构成新词。 常见前缀： 前缀 含义 示例 re- 重新、再 recycle（回收利用），reuse（再利用），rewrite（重写） un- 不 unfair（不公平的），unhappy（不高兴的） dis- 不、相反 disappear（消失），disagree（不同意） im- 不 impossible（不可能的），impolite（不礼貌的） inter- 在……之间 international（国际的） 常见后缀： 后缀 功能 示例 -tion/-sion 构成名词 pollution（污染），invention（发明） -ment 构成名词 environment（环境），development（发展） -ful 构成形容词（充满……的） harmful（有害的），helpful（有帮助的） -less 构成形容词（没有……的） harmless（无害的），useless（无用的） -al 构成形容词 environmental（环境的）industrial（工业的） -er/-or 构成名词（表示做某事的人） inventor（发明者），driver（司机） -able 构成形容词（可……的） reusable（可重复使用的） 3. 转化法（Conversion） 定义：一个词在不改变形式的情况下，由一种词性转化为另一种词性。 原词 原词性 转化后词性 示例 water n. 水 v. 浇水 I water the plants every day. waste n. 废弃物 v. 浪费 Don’t waste food. harm n. 伤害 v. 伤害 Pollution harms the environment. influence n. 影响 v. 影响 Plastic influences our health. 四、典型错例分析与纠正 错例1 错句：It takes hundreds of years for plastic break down. 正句：It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down. / Plastic takes hundreds of years to break down. 解析：It takes + 时间 + for + 名词 + to do sth.句型中，for后的名词是不定式to do的逻辑主语，to不能省略。若无需说明主语，可直接用It takes + 时间 + to do sth.（如It takes two hours to get to the station）；也可将名词提前作主语（Plastic takes hundreds of years to break down）。 同类错误： It takes two hours for the train get to the station. → It takes two hours for the train to get to the station. It takes me an hour finish my homework. → It takes me an hour to finish my homework. 错例2 错句：No matter what dirty things people threw, but the hole took them all. 正句：No matter what dirty things people threw, the hole took them all. 解析：No matter what引导让步状语从句，本身已含有“无论……都……”的含义，主句前不能再加but。这与although和but不能同时使用的规则类似。 同类错误： No matter what happens, but I will never give up. → No matter what happens, I will never give up. Whatever you say, but I don’t believe you. → Whatever you say, I don’t believe you. 错例3 错句：Let’s to go plastic-free. 正句：Let’s go plastic-free. 解析：Let’s（Let us）后接动词原形，不能接不定式（to do）。go plastic-free为“go + 形容词”结构，意为“变得无塑料”。 同类错误： Let’s to take action. → Let’s take action. Let us to protect the environment. → Let us protect the environment. 五、写作常用句式 （一）描述环境问题 1. When plastic was invented around 1870, it was considered an amazing material. 塑料发明于1870年前后，当时被视为一种神奇的材料。 2. Plastic is everywhere — in the sea, on land and in the air. 塑料无处不在——在海里、在陆地上、在空气中。 3. It may take hundreds of years to break down. 它可能需要数百年才能分解。 4. Plastic influences not only animals but also humans. 塑料不仅影响动物，也影响人类。 （二）表达环保观点与建议 5. Nowhere is free from this man-made material. 没有任何地方能免于这种人造材料的影响。 6. Everyone knows that there is no Planet B. 所有人都知道，我们没有第二个地球。 7. Let us go plastic-free and take action to protect our planet. 让我们实行无塑生活，采取行动保护我们的星球。 8. Only by living a green life can we secure a future for ourselves and for the generations to come. 只有践行绿色生活，我们才能为自己和子孙后代确保一个未来。 （三）必背好句 9. Green living helps keep the earth clean and safe for everyone. 绿色生活为所有人守护地球的洁净与安全。 10. The hole gave peace of mind to everyone. 这个洞让所有人都安心了。 11. No matter what dirty things people threw, the hole took them all. 无论人们扔进去什么肮脏的东西，这个洞都照单全收。 12. Live green, live better. 绿色生活，生活更好。 六、词形变换 用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，每空一词。 1. When plastic was invented, it was __________ (consider) an amazing material. 2. Plastic is __________ (harm) to both animals and humans. 3. We should take action to reduce __________ (pollute). 4. The __________ (invent) of plastic changed the world. 5. __________ (environment) problems are becoming more and more serious. 6. We should __________ (recycle) plastic bottles instead of throwing them away. 7. The __________ (industry) waste caused serious pollution to the river. 8. It seems __________ (possible) for us to live without plastic completely, but we can reduce its use. 9. We need to live a __________ (green) life to protect the earth. 10. It may take hundreds of years for plastic to __________ (breakdown). 七、用所给词的正确形式填空 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。 When plastic was invented around 1870, it was considered an amazing material. It was light, long-lasting and 1. ______ (cheap). Many people believed plastic would make life 2. ______ (good). However, today we have to face the dark side of plastic. It may take hundreds of years 3. ______ (break) down. Every year, around 100,000 sea animals die because of plastic waste. On 4. ______ (average), each person may eat about 5g of plastic every week. Plastic influences not only 5. ______ (animal) but also humans. Nowhere is free from this 6. ______ (man) material. Now I understand that there is no “away” — everything we throw away has to go somewhere. Green living helps keep the earth clean and safe for 7. ______ (everyone). Let us go plastic-free and take 8. ______ (act) to protect our planet. 八、完成句子 根据中文意思完成句子，每空一词。 1. 塑料发明于1870年前后，当时被视为一种神奇的材料。 When plastic was invented around 1870, it ______ ______ an amazing material. 2. 它可能需要数百年才能分解。 It may ______ hundreds of years to ______ ______. 3. 塑料不仅影响动物，也影响人类。 Plastic influences ______ ______ animals ______ ______ humans. 4. 无论人们扔进去什么肮脏的东西，这个洞都照单全收。 ______ ______ ______ dirty things people threw, the hole took them all. 5. 绿色生活为所有人守护地球的洁净与安全。 ______ ______ helps keep the earth ______ and ______ for everyone. 6. 所有人都知道，我们没有第二个地球。 Everyone ______ that there is no ______ B. 7. 让我们实行无塑生活，采取行动保护我们的星球。 Let us ______ ______ and ______ ______ to protect our planet. 8. 只有践行绿色生活，我们才能为自己和子孙后代确保一个未来。 ______ ______ ______ a green life ______ we secure a future for ourselves and for the generations to come. 九、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词（每空一词）或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When plastic was invented around 1870, it was considered 1. ______ amazing material. It was light, long-lasting 2. ______ cheap. Back then it 3. ______ (call) an “environmental hero”! However, today we have to face the dark side 4. ______ plastic. It may take hundreds of years to break 5. ______. Every year, around 100,000 sea animals die because 6. ______ plastic waste. Plastic influences not only animals 7. ______ also humans. 8. ______ (nowhere) is free from this man-made material. A businessman once started a hole-filling company. 9. ______ matter what dirty things people threw, the hole took them all. The hole gave peace of mind 10. ______ everyone — but for how long? Now I understand 11. ______ there is no “away”. Everything we throw 12. ______ has to go somewhere. Green living helps keep the earth clean and safe for everyone. Everyone knows that there is no Planet B. Let 13. ______ go plastic-free and take action to protect our planet. Only by 14. ______ (live) a green life can we secure a future 15. ______ ourselves and for the generations to come. 十、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成各项任务。 Plastic: Good or Bad? When plastic was invented around 1870, it was considered an amazing material. It was light, easy to shape, long-lasting and cheap. It quickly replaced wood and other natural materials. Many people believed plastic would make life better. Back then it was called an “environmental hero”! However, today we have to face the dark side of plastic. Plastic is everywhere — in the sea, on land and in the air. It may take hundreds of years to break down. Every year, around 100,000 sea animals die because of plastic waste. On average, each person may eat about 5g of plastic every week. Plastic influences not only animals but also humans. Nowhere is free from this man-made material. A businessman once started a hole-filling company. Trucks full of industrial waste came from far and wide. No matter what dirty things people threw, the hole took them all. The hole gave peace of mind to everyone — but for how long? Now I understand that there is no “away”. Everything we throw away has to go somewhere. Green living helps keep the earth clean and safe for everyone. Everyone knows that there is no Planet B. Let us go plastic-free and take action to protect our planet. Only by living a green life can we secure a future for ourselves and for the generations to come. 任务一：根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误。正确的写T，错误的写F。 1. Plastic was considered a wonderful material when it was first invented. ______ 2. Plastic can break down very quickly in the environment. ______ 3. Plastic pollution only affects animals, not humans. ______ 4. The hole-filling company solved the waste problem permanently. ______ 5. The writer believes we should go plastic-free and take action. ______ 任务二：根据短文内容，从文中找出符合下列构词法规则的词语，并抄写在下方。 提示：构词法包括合成法（两个单词组合成新词）、派生法（加前缀或后缀构成新词）和转化法（词形不变、词性改变）。请在文中找出符合下列规则的词语，每空抄写一个。 6. 合成词（名词+过去分词）：____________________________________________________________ 7. 合成词（名词+现在分词）：____________________________________________________________ 8. 合成词（形容词+现在分词）：____________________________________________________________ 9. 合成词（名词+形容词）：____________________________________________________________ 10. 含有形容词后缀-al的单词：____________________________________________________________ 任务三：根据短文内容，完成下面的信息梳理（每空不超过四个词）。 Time Attitude towards Plastic Around 1870 Considered an 11. __________________ material Today Face the 12. __________________ side of plastic Problem 1 Takes hundreds of years to 13. __________________ Problem 2 100,000 sea animals die every year Problem 3 Humans eat about 14. __________________ of plastic per week Solution Go 15. __________________ and take action 任务四：将文中画线句子翻译成中文。 16. ______________________________________________________ 任务五：开放性问题（用完整句子回答，不少于20词）。 17. What can we do in our daily life to live a greener life? Give at least two suggestions. 参考答案与解析 精读范文读后思考 1. In the past, people considered plastic an amazing material and called it an “environmental hero”. Today, we have to face the dark side of plastic — it is everywhere, takes hundreds of years to break down, and harms both animals and humans. 2. Plastic causes several problems: it takes hundreds of years to break down; around 100,000 sea animals die every year because of plastic waste; humans eat about 5g of plastic per week on average; it influences not only animals but also humans. 3. It means that when we throw things away, they don’t simply disappear — they have to go somewhere, often polluting the environment. This teaches us that we should reduce waste and live a greener life. 六、词形变换 1. considered — consider的过去分词形式，用于被动语态was considered。consider...as...意为“把……视为……”。范文①中有此用法。 2. harmful — harm加-ful构成形容词harmful（有害的）。-ful为形容词后缀，表示“充满……的”。课文中出现过harm的用法。 3. pollution — pollute加-tion构成名词pollution（污染）。-tion为名词后缀。课文中pollute/ pollution均有出现。 4. invention — invent加-tion构成名词invention（发明）。-tion为名词后缀。课文中invent/ invention均有出现。 5. Environmental — environment变e为al构成形容词environmental（环境的）。句首字母大写。-al为形容词后缀。课文中environmental hero有出现。 6. recycle — 情态动词should后接动词原形recycle。re-为前缀，表示“重新”。课文中recycle/ recycling有出现。 7. industrial — industry变y为ial构成形容词industrial（工业的）。-ial为形容词后缀。课文中industrial waste有出现。 8. impossible — possible加否定前缀im-构成impossible（不可能的）。im-用于以p开头的单词前表示否定。It seems impossible为常用句式。 9. green — 形容词修饰名词life，用green。greenly为副词，不能修饰名词。课文中green living有出现。 10. break down — 动词短语作不定式，用break down。breakdown为名词。范文⑦中有break down的用法。 七、用所给词的正确形式填空 1. cheap — and连接并列形容词light, long-lasting和cheap，均用原形。范文②中有此三个并列形容词。 2. better — make life better中better为good的比较级，意为“更好”。范文③中有make life better。 3. to break — It takes + 时间 + to do sth.为固定句型，不定式to break。范文⑦中有此用法。 4. average — On average为固定短语，意为“平均来看”。范文⑨中有此用法。 5. animals — not only...but also...连接并列名词，animals用复数与humans对应。范文⑩中有此用法。 6. man-made — man-made为合成形容词，由名词+过去分词构成，意为“人造的”。范文⑪中有此用法。 7. everyone — for everyone为介词短语，everyone为不定代词。范文⑳中for everyone有出现。 8. action — take action为固定短语，意为“采取行动”。act为动词，action为名词。范文㉒中有take action。 八、完成句子 1. was; considered — 被动语态was considered，意为“被视为”。consider的过去分词为considered。范文①中有此用法。 2. take; break down — It takes + 时间 + to do sth.；break down为固定短语，意为“分解”。范文⑦中有此用法。 3. not; only; but; also — not only...but also...为固定搭配。范文⑩中有此用法。 4. No; matter; what — No matter what引导让步状语从句。范文⑭中有此用法。 5. Green; living; clean; safe — Green living为“形容词+动名词”构成的合成名词；keep + 宾语 + 形容词。范文⑳中有此用法。 6. knows; Planet — know的三单形式为knows；Planet B意为“B星球”，比喻“第二个地球”。范文㉑中有此用法。 7. go; plastic-free; take; action — go plastic-free为“go + 形容词”结构；take action为固定短语。范文㉒中有此用法。 8. Only; by; living; can — Only + 介词短语置于句首，主句须部分倒装（can we secure）。范文㉓中有此用法。 九、短文填空 1. an — amazing以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。范文①中an amazing material。 2. and — light, long-lasting和cheap为并列关系，用and连接。范文②中有此并列。 3. was called — 被动语态，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时was called。范文④中有was called。 4. of — the dark side of plastic意为“塑料的阴暗面”，of表示所属关系。范文⑤中the dark side of plastic。 5. down — break down为固定短语，意为“分解、降解”。范文⑦中有break down。 6. of — because of为固定短语，后接名词短语plastic waste。范文⑧中有because of。 7. but — not only...but also...为固定搭配。范文⑩中有此用法。 8. Nowhere — Nowhere为否定副词，此处作主语，位于句首起强调作用。句首字母大写。范文⑪中有Nowhere is free from。 9. No — No matter what为固定短语，意为“无论什么”。范文⑭中有No matter what。 10. to — give peace of mind to sb.意为“让某人安心”，to为介词。范文⑮中有give peace of mind to。 11. that — that引导宾语从句，作understand的宾语。that在从句中不作成分，仅起连接作用。范文⑱中有that引导宾语从句。 12. away — throw away为固定短语，意为“扔掉”。范文⑲中有throw away。 13. us — Let us do sth.为固定句型，us为人称代词宾格。范文㉒中有Let us。 14. living — by为介词，后接动名词living作宾语。范文㉓中有by living。 15. for — secure a future for ourselves意为“为我们自己确保一个未来”，for表示“为……”。范文㉓中有for ourselves and for the generations to come。 十、任务型阅读 任务一 1. T — 原文“When plastic was invented around 1870, it was considered an amazing material.”直接对应。 2. F — 原文“It may take hundreds of years to break down.”表明塑料分解很慢，而非很快。 3. F — 原文“Plastic influences not only animals but also humans.”表明塑料也影响人类。 4. F — 原文“The hole might one day become full and cause even bigger problems.”表明填洞并未永久解决问题。 5. T — 原文“Let us go plastic-free and take action to protect our planet.”直接对应。 任务二 6. man-made — 由名词man + 过去分词made构成，意为“人造的”。范文⑪中有此词。 7. hole-filling — 由名词hole + 现在分词filling构成，意为“填洞的”。范文⑫中有此词。 8. long-lasting — 由形容词long + 现在分词lasting构成，意为“耐用的”。范文②中有此词。 9. plastic-free — 由名词plastic + 形容词free构成，意为“无塑料的”。范文㉒中有go plastic-free。 10. environmental / industrial — 由environment加后缀-al构成environmental（环境的），范文④中有environmental hero；industry变y为ial构成industrial（工业的），范文⑬中有industrial waste。 任务三 11. amazing — 原文“it was considered an amazing material”直接提取。 12. dark — 原文“we have to face the dark side of plastic”直接提取。 13. break down — 原文“It may take hundreds of years to break down”直接提取。 14. 5g — 原文“each person may eat about 5g of plastic every week”直接提取。 15. plastic-free — 原文“Let us go plastic-free”直接提取。 任务四 16. 只有践行绿色生活，我们才能为自己和子孙后代确保一个未来。 解析：Only by...can we...为部分倒装结构；secure意为“确保”；generations to come意为“子孙后代”。 任务五 17. Sample answer: In our daily life, we can do many things to live a greener life. First, we can reduce plastic use by bringing our own bags when shopping. Second, we can save water and electricity at home. Third, we can recycle paper, bottles and other waste instead of throwing them away. Every small action makes a difference.解析：开放性题目，答案不唯一。评分参考：能围绕绿色生活提出具体建议，观点明确计2分，理由充分计2分，语言正确计1分，满分5分。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $