Unit 5 A fine balance 学案 2026-2027学年外研版英语九年级上册

该初中英语学案以九年级上册Unit 5“A fine balance”为主题，聚焦“人与自然平衡”核心概念，围绕that/which引导的定语从句语法重点，将分散的词汇、句型等知识整合为精读范文，设计“精读范文-逐点解析-精练巩固”的递进式学习路径，构建连贯系统的单元知识体系。 亮点在于主题探究与语言能力培养深度融合，通过“读后思考”“任务型阅读开放性问题”等活动引导学生分析人类活动对自然的影响，培养思维品质，结合典型错例分析、词形变换等多样化练习强化语法应用，助力学生深度学习，为教师实施单元复习提供目标明确、资源丰富的教学支持。

九年级英语（外研版）上册 · 精读精练学案 Unit 5 A fine balance 外研版九年级上册Unit 5的主题为“A fine balance”，属于“人与自然”范畴，涉及“热爱与敬畏自然，与自然和谐共生”“环保意识和行为”等子主题。本单元围绕话题“the balance between people and nature”展开，阅读文本《When the Earth Stands Still》以设想“人类活动停止后自然界的复苏”为线索，揭示了人类社会高速发展对生态环境造成的负面影响。 本单元核心语法为that/which引导的定语从句（先行词指物）。that和which在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，先行词只能指物。同时，用that的几种情况（先行词为不定代词、被序数词/最高级修饰、被the only/the very等修饰），为中考重要考点。 本学案将本单元零散分布于各板块的语法规则、核心词汇、固定搭配、重点句型系统整合为一篇精读范文（共24个知识点标注）。建议先精读范文完成读后思考，再对照逐点解析深入学习，最后完成精练篇目巩固检测。 一、精读范文 ①What would happen to the natural world if humans suddenly disappeared? ②This is the question that writer Alan Weisman explored in his book The World Without Us. ③In the book, he showed his readers a world without humans — a world ④where cars disappear from roads, boats from rivers, and planes from skies. ⑤Without humans, the changes would be rapid. ⑥Streets, beaches and parks that are usually full of people would remain empty. ⑦The noise would drop greatly. ⑧Animals that once hid from humans would return to their natural habitats. ⑨The natural wonders which have been hidden behind smog for years would appear again. ⑩But why should we care about a world without us? ⑪The answer lies in the balance between humans and nature. ⑫Human activities have caused great harm to the environment. ⑬We cut down forests, pollute rivers and release greenhouse gases into the air. ⑭Everything that we do to nature will eventually affect us. ⑮These are the things that are pushing our planet out of balance. ⑯The good news is that we can still make a difference. ⑰The first thing that we should do is to reduce pollution. ⑱We must protect the ecosystems that support all life on Earth. ⑲Let us permit nature to have her way. ⑳It is no surprise that animals would increase in number if we give them space. ㉑We need to think more about how we get along with nature. ㉒As the saying goes, “We do not inherit the earth from our ancestors; we borrow it from our children.” ㉓It is our responsibility to protect the only planet that we call home. ㉔Only by keeping a fine balance between people and nature can we secure a future for all. 【中文翻译】 ①如果人类突然消失，自然界会发生什么？②这正是作家艾伦·韦斯曼在他的著作《没有我们的世界》中探索的问题。③在书中，他向读者展示了一个没有人类的世界——一个④汽车从道路上消失、船只从河流中消失、飞机从天空中消失的世界。 ⑤没有人类，变化将是迅速的。⑥通常挤满人的街道、海滩和公园将空无一人。⑦噪音将大幅下降。⑧曾经躲避人类的动物将回到它们的自然栖息地。⑨那些多年来被雾霾隐藏的自然奇观将再次出现。 ⑩但我们为什么要关心一个没有我们的世界呢？⑪答案在于人与自然之间的平衡。⑫人类活动对环境造成了巨大伤害。⑬我们砍伐森林，污染河流，向空气中释放温室气体。⑭我们对自然所做的一切最终都会影响到我们自己。⑮这些正是把我们的星球推向失衡的事情。 ⑯好消息是我们仍然可以有所作为。⑰我们应该做的第一件事就是减少污染。⑱我们必须保护支撑地球上所有生命的生态系统。⑲让我们顺其自然。⑳如果我们给动物空间，它们的数量会增加，这不足为奇。㉑我们需要更多地思考如何与自然和谐相处。 ㉒常言道：“我们不是从祖先那里继承了地球；我们是从孩子那里借来的。”㉓保护我们称之为家园的唯一星球是我们的责任。㉔只有保持人与自然之间的微妙平衡，我们才能为所有人确保一个未来。 【读后思考】 1. According to the passage, what would happen to the natural world without humans? 2. Why does the writer say we should care about a world without humans? 3. What does the writer mean by “We do not inherit the earth from our ancestors; we borrow it from our children”? （答案在文末“参考答案与解析”） 二、范文逐点解析 ① What would happen to the natural world if humans suddenly disappeared? 知识点：What would happen to...?为疑问句，意为“……会发生什么？” happen to sb./sth.意为“发生在某人/某物身上”。if引导条件状语从句，主句用would（虚拟语气），表示对假设情况的推测。 词汇延伸：disappear（消失）→ appear（出现）；dis为否定前缀。 例句：What would happen to the environment if we stopped polluting?（如果我们停止污染，环境会发生什么？） ② This is the question that writer Alan Weisman explored in his book The World Without Us. 知识点：that引导定语从句，修饰先行词question。that在从句中作explored的宾语，可以省略。Alan Weisman为人名（艾伦·韦斯曼），The World Without Us为书名（《没有我们的世界》）。 语法要点：当先行词指物且在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词that可以省略。 例句：This is the book (that) I read last week.（这是我上周读的书。） ③ In the book, he showed his readers a world without humans — a world... 知识点：show sb. sth.为双宾语结构，意为“向某人展示某物”。without humans为介词短语作定语，修饰world。破折号后a world为同位语，对前文进行补充说明。 例句：The teacher showed us a video about nature.（老师给我们看了一个关于自然的视频。） ④ where cars disappear from roads, boats from rivers, and planes from skies. 知识点：where引导定语从句，修饰先行词world。where在从句中作地点状语，相当于in which。boats from rivers和planes from skies为省略结构，完整为boats disappear from rivers and planes disappear from skies。 例句：This is the city where I was born.（这是我出生的城市。） ⑤ Without humans, the changes would be rapid. 知识点：Without + 名词为介词短语，表示“如果没有……”。主句用would be（虚拟语气），表示假设。rapid意为“快速的”，其副词形式为rapidly。 词汇延伸：rapid（快速的）→ rapidly（快速地）。 例句：Without water, life would be impossible.（没有水，生命将是不可能的。） ⑥ Streets, beaches and parks that are usually full of people would remain empty. 知识点：that引导定语从句，修饰先行词Streets, beaches and parks。that在从句中作主语，不可省略。be full of意为“充满……”，相当于be filled with。remain为系动词，意为“保持、仍然是”，后接形容词empty作表语。 例句：The room that is full of books is my study.（那个装满书的房间是我的书房。） ⑦ The noise would drop greatly. 知识点：drop在此处为不及物动词，意为“下降、降低”。greatly为副词，修饰drop，意为“大幅度地”。drop也可作名词（a drop in temperature）。 词汇延伸：drop的过去式为dropped。drop to意为“降到……”，drop by意为“顺便拜访”。 例句：The temperature dropped greatly last night.（昨晚气温大幅下降。） ⑧ Animals that once hid from humans would return to their natural habitats. 知识点：that引导定语从句，修饰先行词Animals。that在从句中作主语，不可省略。hide from意为“躲避、躲藏”，过去式为hid。return to意为“回到”。habitat意为“栖息地”。 例句：The animals that live in this forest are protected.（生活在这片森林里的动物受到保护。） ⑨ The natural wonders which have been hidden behind smog for years would appear again. 知识点：which引导定语从句，修饰先行词natural wonders。which在从句中作主语，不可省略。have been hidden为现在完成时的被动语态。smog意为“烟雾、雾霾”。appear意为“出现”。 例句：The mountains which were covered by clouds appeared again.（那些被云层覆盖的山峰再次出现了。） ⑩ But why should we care about a world without us? 知识点：care about为固定短语，意为“关心、在意”。should在此处表示“应该”，用于提出建议或疑问。 例句：We should care about the environment.（我们应该关心环境。） ⑪ The answer lies in the balance between humans and nature. 知识点：lie in为固定短语，意为“在于”。balance意为“平衡”。between...and...意为“在……和……之间”。 词汇延伸：balance也可作动词，意为“保持平衡”，如keep a balance between A and B。 例句：The key to success lies in hard work.（成功的关键在于努力工作。） ⑫ Human activities have caused great harm to the environment. 知识点：cause harm to为固定短语，意为“对……造成伤害”。harm也可作动词，如harm the environment。have caused为现在完成时。 词汇延伸：harm（伤害）→ harmful（有害的）→ harmless（无害的）。 例句：Pollution has caused great harm to the ocean.（污染对海洋造成了巨大伤害。） ⑬ We cut down forests, pollute rivers and release greenhouse gases into the air. 知识点：cut down为固定短语，意为“砍伐”。pollute意为“污染”→ pollution（污染）。release...into...意为“把……释放到……”。greenhouse gases意为“温室气体”。 例句：We should stop cutting down trees.（我们应该停止砍伐树木。） ⑭ Everything that we do to nature will eventually affect us. 知识点：that引导定语从句，修饰先行词Everything。先行词为不定代词everything时，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。eventually意为“最终”。affect意为“影响”。 例句：Everything that we do matters.（我们所做的一切都很重要。） ⑮ These are the things that are pushing our planet out of balance. 知识点：that引导定语从句，修饰先行词things。that在从句中作主语，不可省略。push...out of balance意为“把……推向失衡”。planet意为“星球”。 例句：These are the problems that we must solve.（这些是我们必须解决的问题。） ⑯ The good news is that we can still make a difference. 知识点：that引导表语从句，作is的表语。make a difference为固定短语，意为“有所作为、产生影响”。 例句：Everyone can make a difference to the environment.（每个人都能对环境产生影响。） ⑰ The first thing that we should do is to reduce pollution. 知识点：that引导定语从句，修饰先行词thing。先行词被序数词the first修饰时，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。reduce意为“减少”，其名词形式为reduction。 例句：The first thing that we should do is to save water.（我们应该做的第一件事就是节约用水。） ⑱ We must protect the ecosystems that support all life on Earth. 知识点：that引导定语从句，修饰先行词ecosystems。that在从句中作主语，不可省略。ecosystem意为“生态系统”。support意为“支撑、支持”。 例句：We must protect the forests that provide us with oxygen.（我们必须保护为我们提供氧气的森林。） ⑲ Let us permit nature to have her way. 知识点：Let us do sth.为祈使句，意为“让我们做某事”。permit意为“允许”，permit sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。have one’s way意为“随心所欲、顺其自然”。 词汇延伸：permit（允许）→ permission（许可、允许）。 例句：We should permit nature to have her way.（我们应该顺其自然。） ⑳ It is no surprise that animals would increase in number if we give them space. 知识点：It is no surprise that...为固定句型，意为“……不足为奇”。increase in number意为“数量增加”。if引导条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时give，主句用would increase。 例句：It is no surprise that trees grow faster in spring.（树木在春天长得更快，这不足为奇。） ㉑ We need to think more about how we get along with nature. 知识点：how引导宾语从句，作about的宾语。get along with意为“与……和谐相处”。 例句：We should think about how we get along with each other.（我们应该思考如何与他人相处。） ㉒ “We do not inherit the earth from our ancestors; we borrow it from our children.” 知识点：inherit意为“继承”，borrow意为“借”。该句为名言，强调可持续发展的重要性——地球不是我们从祖先那里继承来的，而是从子孙那里借来的。 例句：We should remember that we borrow the earth from our children.（我们应该记住，我们是从孩子那里借来地球的。） ㉓ It is our responsibility to protect the only planet that we call home. 知识点：It is our responsibility to do sth.为固定句型，意为“做某事是我们的责任”。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词planet。先行词被the only修饰时，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。call在此处意为“称……为……”。 例句：It is our responsibility to protect the environment.（保护环境是我们的责任。） ㉔ Only by keeping a fine balance between people and nature can we secure a future for all. 知识点：Only + 介词短语置于句首，主句须部分倒装（can we secure）。keep a balance between A and B意为“在A与B之间保持平衡”。secure在此处为动词，意为“确保、获得”。 例句：Only by working together can we solve the problem.（只有通过共同努力，我们才能解决问题。） 三、基础知识梳理 （一）重点词汇 词汇 词性 释义 词形变换 ecosystem n. 生态系统 ecological adj.生态的 balance n./v. 平衡；保持平衡 balanced adj.平衡的 smog n. 烟雾、雾霾 smoggy adj.有雾霾的 admire v. 欣赏、钦佩 admiration n.钦佩 rapid adj. 快速的 rapidly adv.快速地 permit v. 允许 permission n.许可 harm n./v. 伤害、损害 harmful adj.有害的；harmless adj.无害的 global adj. 全球的 globe n.地球 endangered adj. 濒危的 endanger v.使濒危；danger n.危险 vulnerable adj. 脆弱的、易受伤的 vulnerability n.脆弱性 protection n. 保护 protect v.保护 survival n. 幸存、生存 survive v.幸存 pollution n. 污染 pollute v.污染 disappear v. 消失 disappearance n.消失 tourist n. 游客 tour v./n.旅行；tourism n.旅游业 mark n./v. 痕迹、标记；做标记 marked adj.明显的 farmland n. 农田、耕地 farm n./v.农场/耕种 society n. 社会 social adj.社会的 drop v./n. 下降；滴 dropped过去式 remain v. 保持、仍然是 — empty adj. 空的 emptiness n.空虚 increase v./n. 增加 — reduce v. 减少 reduction n.减少 inherit v. 继承 inheritance n.继承 secure v. 确保、获得 security n.安全 eventually adv. 最终 eventual adj.最终的 （二）重点短语 短语 释义 例句 stand still 停滞不前 Time seemed to stand still. cut down 砍伐 We should stop cutting down trees. get along with 与……和谐相处 We need to get along with nature. benefit from 从……中受益 We benefit from a healthy environment. make great efforts 做出巨大努力 We should make great efforts to protect nature. take up 占据 Forests take up a large area. in danger 处于危险中 Many animals are in danger. take care of 照顾 We must take care of our planet. protect...from... 保护……免受…… We should protect forests from being cut down. be full of 充满 The park is full of visitors. lie in 在于 The answer lies in balance. cause harm to 对……造成伤害 Pollution causes harm to the environment. make a difference 有所作为 Everyone can make a difference. release...into... 把……释放到…… Factories release harmful gases into the air. in number 在数量上 Animals would increase in number. keep a balance 保持平衡 We must keep a balance between people and nature. permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 We should permit nature to have her way. have one’s way 随心所欲、顺其自然 Let nature have her way. It is no surprise that... ……不足为奇 It is no surprise that plants grow in spring. push...out of balance 把……推向失衡 Human activities are pushing the planet out of balance. （三）重点句型 句型 结构 例句 先行词（物）+ that/which + 定语从句 that/which引导定语从句，修饰物 The book that/which I read is interesting. Without + 名词，主语 + would + 动词原形 没有……，……就会…… Without water, life would be impossible. It is no surprise that + 从句 ……不足为奇 It is no surprise that animals increase. The first thing that + 从句 + is to do 第一件事是…… The first thing that we should do is to reduce pollution. It is one’s responsibility to do sth. 做某事是某人的责任 It is our responsibility to protect the earth. Only by + 名词/doing + 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语 只有通过……才能…… Only by working together can we succeed. （四）单元语法：that/which引导的定语从句（先行词指物） 1. 定语从句的定义 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。定语从句通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。 结构公式：先行词（指物）+ that/which + 定语从句 2. that/which引导的定语从句（先行词指物） that和which在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 功能 说明 示例 作主语 不可省略 The tree that/which grows there is old. 作宾语 可以省略 The book (that/which) you bought is interesting. 3. that与which的区别 that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但以下情况只能用that： 情况 示例 先行词为不定代词（everything, something, nothing, all, few等） All that we need is time. 先行词被序数词修饰 The first thing that we should do is... 先行词被最高级修饰 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 先行词被the only, the very, the same等修饰 This is the only book that I need. 4. 本单元课内例句 例句 先行词 关系代词 在从句中的功能 Streets, beaches and parks that are usually full of people remain empty. Streets, beaches and parks that 作主语 The natural wonders which have been hidden behind smog... natural wonders which 作主语 Everything that we do to nature will eventually affect us. Everything that 作宾语 The first thing that we should do is to reduce pollution. thing that 作宾语 四、典型错例分析与纠正 错例1 错句：This is the book which I read it yesterday. 正句：This is the book which I read yesterday. / This is the book that I read yesterday. 解析：which/that在定语从句中作read的宾语，已经代替了先行词the book在从句中的宾语位置，从句中不能再出现宾语it。正确结构为关系代词直接作宾语，后面不再加代词。 同类错误： *The movie which we saw it was great.* → The movie which we saw was great. *The house that they built it is beautiful.* → The house that they built is beautiful. 错例2 错句：This is the best movie which I have ever watched. 正句：This is the best movie that I have ever watched. 解析：先行词被最高级the best修饰时，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。 同类错误： *The first thing which we should do is to call for help.* → The first thing that we should do is to call for help. *This is the only book which I need.* → This is the only book that I need. 错例3 错句：All which we need is time. 正句：All that we need is time. 解析：先行词为不定代词all时，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。同样，everything、something、nothing、few等不定代词作先行词时，也只能用that。 同类错误： *There is nothing which can stop him.* → There is nothing that can stop him. *Everything which he said is true.* → Everything that he said is true. 错例4 错句：This is the school where I studied in. 正句：This is the school that/which I studied in. / This is the school where I studied. 解析：where为关系副词，在定语从句中作地点状语，本身已包含“in”的含义，因此不能再加介词in。若用that/which，则需保留介词in。 同类错误： *This is the room where I lived in.* → This is the room where I lived. / This is the room that I lived in. *That is the city where he works in.* → That is the city where he works. / That is the city that he works in. 五、写作常用句式 （一）描述人与自然的关系（that/which定语从句系列） 1. The natural wonders which have been hidden behind smog for years would appear again. 那些多年来被雾霾隐藏的自然奇观将再次出现。 2. We must protect the ecosystems that support all life on Earth. 我们必须保护支撑地球上所有生命的生态系统。 3. These are the things that are pushing our planet out of balance. 这些正是把我们的星球推向失衡的事情。 4. The first thing that we should do is to reduce pollution. 我们应该做的第一件事就是减少污染。 （二）表达生态平衡与保护意识 5. The answer lies in the balance between humans and nature. 答案在于人与自然之间的平衡。 6. We need to think more about how we get along with nature. 我们需要更多地思考如何与自然和谐相处。 7. Let us permit nature to have her way. 让我们顺其自然。 8. Only by keeping a fine balance between people and nature can we secure a future for all. 只有保持人与自然之间的微妙平衡，我们才能为所有人确保一个未来。 （三）表达责任与信念 9. We do not inherit the earth from our ancestors; we borrow it from our children. 我们不是从祖先那里继承了地球；我们是从孩子那里借来的。 10. It is our responsibility to protect the only planet that we call home. 保护我们称之为家园的唯一星球是我们的责任。 11. It is no surprise that animals would increase in number if we give them space. 如果我们给动物空间，它们的数量会增加，这不足为奇。 12. Protecting pandas is undoubtedly helpful to the survival of a whole ecosystem. 保护大熊猫无疑有益于整个生态系统的生存。 六、词形变换 用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，每空一词。 1. The natural world would change __________ (rapid) without humans. 2. The __________ (pollute) of rivers has caused great harm to the environment. 3. We should make great __________ (effort) to protect the ecosystems. 4. The __________ (disappear) of forests would affect many animals. 5. It is our __________ (responsible) to protect the planet. 6. __________ (protect) pandas is helpful to the survival of the ecosystem. 7. The __________ (develop) of society has brought both benefits and problems. 8. We should __________ (reduction) the amount of waste we produce. 9. The __________ (balance) ecosystem can support more species. 10. We should take __________ (globe) action to protect the environment. 七、综合填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 What would happen to the natural world if humans suddenly disappeared? This is the best question 1. ______ the writer has ever explored. In his book, he showed his readers a world 2. ______ humans. Without humans, the changes would be rapid. Streets, beaches and parks 3. ______ are usually full of people would remain empty. The noise would 4. ______ greatly. 5. ______ we need is time for nature to recover. The natural wonders which have been hidden behind smog for years would appear again. The answer lies in the 6. ______ between humans and nature. Human activities have caused great harm to the environment. We cut 7. ______ forests, pollute rivers and release greenhouse gases into the air. The good news is that we can still make a 8. ______. The first thing that we should do is to reduce pollution. We must protect the ecosystems 9. ______ support all life on Earth. It is our responsibility 10. ______ protect the only planet that we call home. 1. A. that B. which C. who D. whose 2. A. with B. without C. for D. by 3. A. who B. which C. that D. whose 4. A. drop B. rise C. increase D. grow 5. A. That B. Which C. Who D. All 6. A. balance B. smog C. pollution D. harm 7. A. up B. off C. down D. out 8. A. mistake B. decision C. difference D. choice 9. A. who B. which C. that D. whose 10. A. for B. to C. of D. with 八、用所给词的正确形式填空 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。 What would happen to the natural world if humans suddenly 1. ______ (disappear)? This is the question that writer Alan Weisman explored in his book. In the book, he showed his readers a world without humans. Without humans, the changes would be 2. ______ (rapid). Streets, beaches and parks that are usually full of people would remain 3. ______ (empty). The noise would drop 4. ______ (great). Animals that once hid from humans would return to their natural habitats. The answer 5. ______ (lie) in the balance between humans and nature. Human activities have caused great 6. ______ (harmful) to the environment. We must protect the ecosystems that 7. ______ (support) all life on Earth. It is our 8. ______ (responsible) to protect the only planet that we call home. Only by 9. ______ (keep) a fine balance between people and nature can we secure a future for all. Let us 10. ______ (permit) nature to have her way. 九、句型转换 按要求改写句子，每空一词。 1. This is the book. I read it yesterday. （合并为含定语从句的复合句，用which） → This is the book ______ I ______ yesterday. 2. The tree grows there. It is over 100 years old. （合并为含定语从句的复合句，用which） → The tree ______ ______ there is over 100 years old. 3. This is the best film. I have ever watched it. （合并为含定语从句的复合句，用that） → This is the best film ______ I ______ ever ______. 4. The first thing is to reduce pollution. We should do it. （合并为含定语从句的复合句，用that） → The first thing ______ we ______ ______ is to reduce pollution. 5. The house is beautiful. Its windows face south. （合并为含定语从句的复合句，用whose） → The house ______ windows face south is beautiful. 十、完成句子 根据中文意思完成句子，每空一词。 1. 如果人类突然消失，自然界会发生什么？ What would ______ to the natural world if humans suddenly ______? 2. 通常挤满人的街道、海滩和公园将空无一人。 Streets, beaches and parks ______ are usually ______ ______ people would ______ empty. 3. 那些多年来被雾霾隐藏的自然奇观将再次出现。 The natural wonders ______ have been ______ behind smog for years would ______ again. 4. 答案在于人与自然之间的平衡。 The answer ______ in the ______ between humans and nature. 5. 我们应该做的第一件事就是减少污染。 The ______ thing ______ we should do is to ______ pollution. 6. 保护我们称之为家园的唯一星球是我们的责任。 It is our ______ to ______ the only planet ______ we call home. 7. 只有保持人与自然之间的微妙平衡，我们才能为所有人确保一个未来。 Only by ______ a fine ______ between people and nature ______ we secure a future for all. 8. 我们需要更多地思考如何与自然和谐相处。 We need to ______ more about how we ______ ______ with nature. 十一、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词（每空一词）或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 What would happen to the natural world if humans suddenly disappeared? This is the question 1. ______ writer Alan Weisman explored in his book The World Without Us. 2. ______ the book, he showed his readers a world without humans. Without humans, the changes would be rapid. Streets, beaches and parks 3. ______ are usually full of people would remain empty. The noise would drop 4. ______ (great). Animals 5. ______ once hid from humans would return to their natural habitats. The natural wonders which have been hidden behind smog for years would appear again. The answer lies 6. ______ the balance between humans and nature. Human activities have caused great harm to the environment. We cut 7. ______ forests, pollute rivers and release greenhouse gases 8. ______ the air. The good news is 9. ______ we can still make a difference. The first thing that we should do is to reduce pollution. We must protect the ecosystems 10. ______ support all life on Earth. It is our responsibility 11. ______ (protect) the only planet that we call home. Only by keeping a fine balance between people and nature 12. ______ we secure a future for all. Let us permit nature 13. ______ (have) her way. 14. ______ is no surprise that animals would increase in number if we give them space. We need to think more about how we get 15. ______ with nature. 十二、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成各项任务。 When the Earth Stands Still What would happen to the natural world if humans suddenly disappeared? This is the question that writer Alan Weisman explored in his book The World Without Us. In the book, he showed his readers a world without humans. Without humans, the changes would be rapid. Streets, beaches and parks that are usually full of people would remain empty. The noise would drop greatly. Animals that once hid from humans would return to their natural habitats. The natural wonders which have been hidden behind smog for years would appear again. But why should we care about a world without us? The answer lies in the balance between humans and nature. Human activities have caused great harm to the environment. We cut down forests, pollute rivers and release greenhouse gases into the air. These are the things that are pushing our planet out of balance. The good news is that we can still make a difference. The first thing that we should do is to reduce pollution. We must protect the ecosystems that support all life on Earth. Let us permit nature to have her way. It is no surprise that animals would increase in number if we give them space. We need to think more about how we get along with nature. As the saying goes, “We do not inherit the earth from our ancestors; we borrow it from our children.” It is our responsibility to protect the only planet that we call home. Only by keeping a fine balance between people and nature can we secure a future for all. 任务一：根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误。正确的写T，错误的写F。 1. Alan Weisman wrote a book called The World Without Us. ______ 2. Without humans, the noise would increase greatly. ______ 3. The writer believes that we can still make a difference. ______ 任务二：根据短文内容，从文中找出含that或which引导的定语从句，并按要求完成下列任务。 4. 从文中找出一个含which引导的定语从句，抄写在下方。 ____________________________________________________________ 5. 从文中找出一个含that引导的定语从句（先行词在从句中作宾语），抄写在下方。 ____________________________________________________________ 6. 将以下两个简单句合并为一个含定语从句的复合句，用that或which连接。 *The natural wonders are beautiful. They have been hidden behind smog for years.* → ____________________________________________________________ 任务三：根据短文内容，用恰当的引导词（that/which/who）完成下列句子（每空一词）。 7. The book ______ Alan Weisman wrote is called The World Without Us. 8. The natural wonders ______ have been hidden behind smog for years would appear again. 9. We must protect the ecosystems ______ support all life on Earth. 10. The first thing ______ we should do is to reduce pollution. 任务四：根据短文内容，完成下面的信息梳理（每空不超过四个词）。 Question Answer What would happen without humans? Changes would be 11. __________________ What would happen to streets, beaches and parks? They would remain 12. ________________ Where does the answer lie? In the 13. _________________ between humans and nature What is the first thing we should do? 14. __________________ pollution What is our responsibility? To protect the only planet that we call 15._____ ______________________ 任务五：开放性问题（用完整句子回答，不少于20词）。 16. What can we do in our daily life to help keep a balance between humans and nature? Give at least two suggestions. 参考答案与解析 精读范文读后思考 1. Without humans, streets, beaches and parks would remain empty, the noise would drop greatly, animals would return to their natural habitats, and natural wonders hidden behind smog would appear again. 2. Because the answer lies in the balance between humans and nature. The passage helps us understand the harm that human activities have caused to the environment and reminds us of our responsibility to protect the planet. 3. It means that we do not own the earth; we are only temporary caretakers. We have a responsibility to protect the environment for future generations. 六、词形变换 1. rapidly — rapid的副词形式为rapidly（快速地），修饰动词change。 2. pollution — pollute的名词形式为pollution（污染），作主语。 3. efforts — effort为可数名词，make great efforts为固定短语，意为“做出巨大努力”。 4. disappearance — disappear的名词形式为disappearance（消失），作主语。 5. responsibility — responsible的名词形式为responsibility（责任）。 6. Protecting — 动名词作主语，句首字母大写。protect加ing构成Protecting。 7. development — develop的名词形式为development（发展）。 8. reduce — reduction为名词，此处需动词reduce与should搭配。 9. balanced — balance的形容词形式为balanced（平衡的），修饰ecosystem。 10. global — globe的形容词形式为global（全球的），修饰action。globe变e为al。 七、综合填空 1. A — 先行词被最高级the best修饰，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。 2. B — without humans意为“没有人类”，与前文语境呼应。 3. C — 先行词Streets, beaches and parks指物，在定语从句中作主语，关系代词用that。 4. A — drop意为“下降”，与上下文“没有人类噪音会下降”语义相符。 5. D — 先行词为不定代词时，关系代词只能用that。此处All that we need...为固定结构。 6. A — balance意为“平衡”，与单元主题一致。 7. C — cut down为固定短语，意为“砍伐”。 8. C — make a difference为固定短语，意为“有所作为”。 9. C — 先行词ecosystems指物，在定语从句中作主语，关系代词用that。 10. B — It is our responsibility to do sth.为固定句型，to为不定式符号。 八、用所给词的正确形式填空 1. disappeared — if引导条件状语从句，描述假设情况，用一般过去时。 2. rapid — would be后接形容词rapid作表语。 3. empty — remain为系动词，后接形容词empty作表语。 4. greatly — great的副词形式为greatly，修饰动词drop。 5. lies — lie in为固定短语，意为“在于”。主语The answer为单数，用lies。 6. harm — cause harm to为固定短语，harm为名词。 7. support — that引导定语从句修饰ecosystems，从句谓语用复数support。 8. responsibility — responsible的名词形式为responsibility。 9. keeping — by为介词，后接动名词keeping作宾语。 10. permit — Let us后接动词原形permit。 九、句型转换 1. which; read — which引导定语从句修饰book，在从句中作read的宾语。 2. which grows — which引导定语从句修饰tree，在从句中作主语。 3. that; have; watched — that引导定语从句修饰film，先行词被最高级修饰只能用that。 4. that; should do — that引导定语从句修饰thing，先行词被序数词修饰只能用that。 5. whose — whose引导定语从句，表示所属关系。 十、完成句子 1. happen; disappeared — happen to为固定短语；disappear的过去式为disappeared。 2. that; full of; remain — that引导定语从句；be full of为固定短语；remain为系动词。 3. which; hidden; appear — which引导定语从句；have been hidden为现在完成时的被动语态。 4. lies; balance — lie in为固定短语；balance为名词。 5. first; that; reduce — 先行词被序数词修饰只能用that；reduce为动词原形。 6. responsibility; protect; that — It is our responsibility to do sth.；that引导定语从句，先行词被the only修饰只能用that。 7. keeping; balance; can — Only + 介词短语置于句首，主句须部分倒装。 8. think; get along — get along with为固定短语。 十一、短文填空 1. that — that引导定语从句，修饰question，在从句中作explored的宾语。 2. In — In the book意为“在这本书中”，句首字母大写。 3. that — that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，不可省略。 4. greatly — great的副词形式为greatly，修饰动词drop。 5. that — that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，不可省略。 6. in — lie in为固定短语。 7. down — cut down为固定短语。 8. into — release...into...为固定短语。 9. that — that引导表语从句。 10. that — that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。 11. to protect — It is our responsibility to do sth.，不定式作真正主语。 12. can — Only + 介词短语置于句首，主句须部分倒装。 13. to have — permit sb. to do sth.为固定短语。 14. It — It is no surprise that...为固定句型，It作形式主语。句首字母大写。 15. along — get along with为固定短语。 十二、任务型阅读 任务一 1. T — 原文“Alan Weisman explored in his book The World Without Us.”直接对应。书名完整形式为The World Without Us。 2. F — 原文“The noise would drop greatly.”表明噪音会大幅下降。题干“increase greatly”与原文相反。 3. T — 原文“The good news is that we can still make a difference.”直接对应。 任务二 4. The natural wonders which have been hidden behind smog for years would appear again. 解析：文中唯一含which引导的定语从句，which指代natural wonders，在从句中作主语。 5. The first thing that we should do is to reduce pollution. 或 These are the things that are pushing our planet out of balance. 解析：第一个that从句中，that指代thing，在从句中作do的宾语（we should do that thing）；第二个that从句中，that指代things，在从句中作主语（things are pushing...）。学生需找先行词在从句中作宾语的，故答案为第一个。 6. The natural wonders which/that have been hidden behind smog for years are beautiful. 解析：合并定语从句，which/that在从句中作主语，不可省略。注意从句谓语与先行词wonders保持一致，用have been hidden。 任务三 7. that/which — 先行词book指物，在定语从句中作wrote的宾语，可用that或which。 8. which/that — 先行词wonders指物，在定语从句中作主语，可用which或that。 9. which/that — 先行词ecosystems指物，在定语从句中作主语，可用which或that。 10. that — 先行词被序数词the first修饰，只能用that。 任务四 11. rapid — 原文“Without humans, the changes would be rapid.”直接提取。 12. empty — 原文“Streets, beaches and parks...would remain empty.”直接提取。 13. balance — 原文“The answer lies in the balance between humans and nature.”直接提取。 14. Reduce — 原文“The first thing that we should do is to reduce pollution.”直接提取。句首字母大写。 15. home — 原文“the only planet that we call home”直接提取。 任务五 16. Sample answer: In our daily life, we can do many things to help keep a balance between humans and nature. First, we can reduce waste by recycling paper and plastic. Second, we can save water and electricity at home. Third, we can plant more trees and take care of plants around us. Every small action makes a difference. 解析：开放性题目，答案不唯一。评分参考：能围绕保护环境、维持生态平衡提出具体建议，观点明确计2分，理由充分计2分，语言正确计1分，满分5分。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $