Unit 3 Sea Exploration 一轮复习专项训练 -2027届高三英语人教版选择性必修第四册

**基本信息** 高中英语一轮复习专项训练，聚焦选择性必修四Unit 3海洋主题，融合语言能力与文化意识，构建"词汇-阅读-写作"三维突破体系。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇语法|10词汇+10词块+5语法+4翻译+1语篇填空|考点化训练，聚焦词形转换、非谓语动词等核心语法|以"海洋探索"主题串联词汇-语法-语篇，形成"基础-应用-拓展"递进链条| |阅读技能|1阅读理解（2021全国乙卷）+1语篇结构+1完形填空|四步速读策略（定核心-抓干货-明意图-下结论），训练体裁识别与语篇分析能力|精选海洋污染、生态保护等主题语篇，强化信息筛选与逻辑推理能力| |写作技能|1续写训练（含5单句写作）|"读-拆-写"三步法，注重细节填充与主题升华|从单句构写到语篇组织，培养叙事逻辑与情感表达能力，体现思维品质|

选择性必修四 Unit 3 课时一 词汇、语法考点化训练 一、根据提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1. Due to engine trouble, the captain ordered the ______ (withdraw) of the ship from the deep-sea mission. 2. The successful return of the underwater robot was met with loud ______ (applaud) from the scientists. 3. Working on a research ship provides great chances for ______ (profession) growth in marine biology. 4. Every sailor must be in ______ (possess) of a life jacket while working on deck. 5. The design of the new ocean museum is a creative ______ (mix) of modern technology and traditional ship-building styles. 6. Thanks to calm seas, the scientific team finished their data collection as ______ (schedule). 7. We need ______ (far) research to understand the mysteries of the deep ocean floor. 8. Plastic waste in the ocean is a huge problem, ______ (cause) great harm to fish and other sea life. 9. After studying the ocean currents, the scientists came to an important ______ (conclude) about climate change. 10. The team has made ______ (remark) progress in finding new species near the underwater volcanoes. 二、选择适当的词块，并用其正确形式填空。 become known as develop relations with for the benefit of in a league of one’s own be in possession of in hand search for participate in set sail withdraw from 1. It is a great honour to meet Captain Cook, a navigator who is ___________________. 2. With the key information ____________, the team finally found the sunken ship. 3. Christopher Columbus _______________ for the New World in the Santa Maria. 4. To support the voyage, how much money do you wish to ___________ your account? 5. The sea lab is built _________________ future ocean studies. 6. The island discovered by the explorer then______________ "Dolphin Island". 7. Our country plans to _________________ other countries in deep-sea research. 8. Scientists were chosen to _____________ an international project on sea life. 9. Modern vessels now ______________ new sea creatures in the central ocean. 10. After the successful expedition, the research institute ______________ invaluable data about deep-sea ecosystems, which would take years to fully analyze. 三、单元语法练习。用所给词的正确形式填空。 1. The research team planned _________ (send) an unmanned submersible ________ (explore) the trench. 2. _________ (collect) deep-sea samples, scientists need _________ (develop) special equipment. 3. We found a shipwreck ________ (bury) under coral for 200 years, its treasures ________ (cover) by sand. 4. The diver's task is _________ (record) sea species without ________ (harm) the environment. 5. ________ (face) strong currents, the submarine continued _________ (search) for hydrothermal vents. 四、用括号中的句式把下列句子翻译成英文。 1. 随着深海探索技术的进步，科学家们发现了许多新的海洋生物。(as 引导时间状语从句) 2. 各国需要共同努力保护海洋，以便海洋资源能够可持续利用。(so that 引导目的状语从句) 3. 迫切需要减少塑料垃圾进入海洋，以保护海洋生态系统。(there is an urgent need to do sth) 4. 科学家们正在研究什么导致了珊瑚礁的大规模破坏。(what 引导的宾语从句) 5. 海洋探险家在海底发现沉船，这些沉船有助于我们了解人类历史。(which 引导的非限制性定语从句) 五、阅读下面的语篇，根据首字母、中文提示或用所给词的正确形式填空。 The Sea’s Legacy Driven by trade, early 1.m _______ vessels braved unknown waters to 2._______(扩展)their reach. Seasoned captains 3.n_________ violent currents with the 4._____(皇室的)family backing, while vital shipping 5.________(航道) forged a lasting 6._______(纽带)between distant shores, expanding maritime 7.c________ century by century. Today, scientists rightly 8. ________(称赞)breakthroughs in 9.______(需人操纵的) 10.u________ exploration. Tracking fish 11.______(migrate) patterns exposes the severe cost of unchecked resource 12._________(exploit). As coral reef 13._______(recover) stops, environmental 14.________(opponent) grow more vocal. Yet 15.m________ researchers tirelessly 16.____(记录) crucial data, pushing to 17.a_____ ecological decline before it’s too late. Unless we act, future generations may inherit oceans whose wonders survive only in 18._____(故事)—a haunting legacy urging us to lift nature’s crushing 19.t_____. For only then can humanity truly 20._____(看见) the sea’s reborn glory. 选择性必修四 Unit 3 课时二 阅读技能训练 （一）阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 【2021全国乙卷，C篇】 You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products. At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear. In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once. Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. 1．What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for? A．Beautifying the city he lives in. B．Introducing eco-friendly products. C．Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D．Reducing garbage on the beach. 2．Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3? A．To show the difficulty of their recycling. B．To explain why they are useful. C．To voice his views on modern art. D．To find a substitute for them. 3．What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers? A．Calming. B．Disturbing. C．Refreshing. D．Challenging. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety B．Media Interest in Contemporary Art C．Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies D．Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures 5. 为了训练“快读把握文章体裁”技能，请快速将（1）—（6）信息点标注在原文： 步骤 限时速读 寻找关键信息 （证据） 说明文特征信号 1. 定核心 扫首尾，30 s 扫读第一段、 最后一段 核心话题： （1）_______ 主要目的： （2）________ ✅ 开篇点明现象/问题 ✅ 结尾总结影响/呼吁关注 ✅ 目的：提供信息、说明情况 2. 抓干货 扫全文，1 min 圈高频词 找数据/事实 高频词：（3）______ 具体数据/统计： （4）________ ✅ 大量客观数据和事实 ✅ 高频词高度聚焦核心主题✅ 信息用于解释、支撑主题 3. 明意图 找句子1 min 定位特定功能句： -目的句:找want,hope,purpose, force,illustrate等） -解释句:找because, reason等 目的句：（5）_______ 解释句：（6）_______ ✅ 明确说明行为/项目的目标✅ 清晰解释现象的原因、机制或特性 ✅ 语言客观、解释性强 4. 下结论 综合判 30 s 综合1-3步，快速判断体裁 核心是否在“说明”+是否有足够干货+ 是否在“解释”意图/原因 ✅ 是否说明文 核心+证据+意图=说明文 训练后反思： Can you summarize the features of the expository essay?Try to apply your strategy into a new text to find out its genre. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （二）语篇结构 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 【2023山东日照期末】 Oceans are an appealing target for renewable energy production. Waves produce 32,000 terawatt-hours of natural energy per year — for reference, the entire world uses around 23,000 terawatt-hours every year. The advantages of wave power are clear. 6 Turbines produce electricity through the power of waves, making them a completely pollution-free, renewable energy source. And the amount of kinetic energy in a wave is so huge that energy is used to produce electricity. There is also a lot of potential because many countries have access to an ocean that can help power their electric systems. Also, waves are hardly interrupted and almost always in movement. 7 But the disadvantages of wave energy are serious too. Building factories or electrical wires directly on the beach might prove challenging. 8 Local fishing zones could be affected or the factories could lead to more coastal erosion. High cost is a problem too. Wave power is a rising energy technology in the early stages of development, so calculating the costs is difficult. 9 Because constant movement can lead to more breaking, wave energy factories will most likely need regular and costly maintenance. 10 For many ocean-bordering countries, wave energy will be a great addition to the renewable energy mix. The bottom line is that wave power has enormous global potential. However, the industry needs more funding and research to finalize the technology involved so that countries can begin adding wave energy to their renewable energy source. A．Wave energy still needs to be explored. B．They are not affordable to many countries. C．Despite the challenges, there is a future of wave energy. D．Wave energy does not give off greenhouse gasses when produced. E．They can cause damage to sea life and the surrounding ecosystems. F．Maintenance for the factories in moving saltwater is very expensive. G．This makes electricity from wave energy a more reliable energy source. （三）完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 【2025山东济南期末】 I still vividly remember that magical wild encounter with a rabbit in the fields of my childhood, a moment of pure fascination and refreshment. Decades later, that same sense of wonder continues to 11 my journeys, driving me to hunt for new adventures. On an Antarctic journey, I witnessed mind-blowing 12 : Emperor Penguins packing tightly against -60℃ cold-a lesson in 13 with their shared warmth, and Humboldt Penguins building nests from their own waste. But the most 14 scene unfolded near Elephant Island, when 300 whales suddenly 15 around our boat. The misty geysers (喷泉) from their blowholes 16 the success of the whaling ban — their presence was a gentle healing (治愈的) touch for the 17 ocean. My cameras, designed to reveal beauty, have also 18 despair. For days, I observed a female seal struggled as her once-stable hunting grounds 19 separated meltwater pockets. The scene I 20 where she lay on a tiny piece of floating ice— 21 larger than a dinner table, while her baby fought to keep its balance, shook me to the core. While the 22 was technically perfect in composition, the scene itself tore my heart apart. Now as I 23 these photos night after night, the weight of bearing witness grows almost unbearable. While photography 24 my passion, its true power lies in awakening that same unshakable awe in others, reminding us that each breath we 25 is closely tied to the survival of wild creatures. 11．A．complete B．interrupt C．sponsor D．power 12．A．shifts B．wonders C．photos D．accidents 13．A．survival B．conflict C．despair D．sympathy 14．A．jaw-dropping B．hair-raising C．time-consuming D．peace-loving 15．A．fought B．danced C．begged D．disappeared 16．A．prevented B．attained C．signaled D．guaranteed 17．A．cheerful B．hopeful C．weeping D．inviting 18．A．hidden B．exposed C．overcome D．deepened 19．A．came across B．gave up C．took over D．broke into 20．A．staged B．imagined C．painted D．shot 21．A．barely B．badly C．fully D．delicately 22．A．design B．pattern C．image D．light 23．A．repeat B．restore C．replace D．revisit 24．A．dulls B．questions C．fuels D．cools 25．A．save B．draw C．waste D．regain 选择性必修四 Unit 3 课时三 写作技能训练 一、写作指导 1.“读”—— 拆解原文，把握核心要素​ （1）分析人物​ （2）分析冲突 / 问题​ （3）分析情节​ （4）分析情感变化​ （5）分析主题​ 2.“写”—— 分步构思，衔接范文细节​ （1）先定结局句​ （2）写主题升华句（升华主题，呼应核心）​ （3）写衔接句（确保段落内部、段落之间流畅）​ 第一段提示句后的衔接句 第一段最后一句​ 第二段提示句后的衔接句 （4）补充每段内容（用细节填充，呼应范文）​ 二、写作训练 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 In the small coastal town of Seabrook, there lived a young boy named Timmy who had an determined love for the ocean. Every day after school, he would rush to the shore, spending hours exploring wave pools, and collecting seashells. He was very studious and seizes every possible opportunity to learn about the ocean. He often goes to the town library to absorb knowledge about the ocean from books as well. The more he learned, the more he became obsessed with the ocean. He was always dreaming of becoming a marine (海洋的) biologist. However, one unusual afternoon, a powerful and unexpected storm swept through the town, leaving destruction in its wake. The once-dynamic coral reefs (珊瑚礁) off the coast were now covered in debris (残骸), and the local marine life was struggling to survive. Timmy was heartbroken. He felt a deep sense of responsibility to help restore the reefs and protect the ocean’ s inhabitants. With the support of his family and a few like-minded friends, he organized a beach cleanup and started a fundraising campaign to raise awareness about ocean conservation. But despite their best efforts, progress was slow, and Timmy began to lose hope. One sunny morning, as Timmy sat on the beach, staring out at the damaged reefs, he noticed a group of divers approaching the shore. Among them was a famous marine biologist who had heard about Timmy’ s story and was eager to help. The marine biologist, Dr. Elena, approached Timmy with a warm smile. “I’ ve heard so much about your contribution to ocean conservation,” she said. “I’m here to offer my help and expertise in restoring the coral reefs. This is my contact information. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me at any time.” Timmy’ s eyes lit up with hope as he listened to Dr. Elena’ s plan. She explained how they could work together to remove the debris, plant new coral, and monitor the reef’ s recovery. Heartbroken no more, Timmy felt a renewed sense of purpose and determination. 注意：续写词数应为150左右 With Dr. Elena’s guidance, Timmy and his friends launched a massive reef restoration project.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Slowly but surely, the reefs began to show signs of life.______________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第一步：写单句 1.这次经历不仅恢复了珊瑚礁，还坚定了Timmy为子孙后代保护海洋的决心 。(一般过去时、“not only …but also” ) ___ 2.他意识到，只要有奉献精神，再加上他人的支持，即便是最具挑战性的困难也能被克服。（宾语从句） 3.第一段提示句后的衔接句（提示句：“With Dr. Elena’s guidance, Timmy and his friends launched a massive reef restoration project.”） 他们每天不知疲倦地工作，清理海底的残骸碎片，种植新的珊瑚。（现在分词短语作伴随状语） ___ 4.第一段最后一句 当Timmy看到社区为了一个共同的事业团结起来，心中的成就感越来越强烈。（一般过去时，“as” 引导时间状语从句） ___ 5.第二段提示句后的衔接句（提示句：“Slowly but surely, the reefs began to show signs of life”） 新的珊瑚开始生长，海洋生物也逐渐回到了这个区域。（and并列句） 第二步　组语篇 With Dr. Elena’s guidance, Timmy and his friends launched a massive reef restoration project.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Slowly but surely, the reefs began to show signs of life.______________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 选择性必修四 Unit 3 单元过关 （一）阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 【2025宁夏银川一中一模】 Scientists have uncovered communities of animals living in volcanic caves beneath the seafloor, revealing a previously unknown but thriving ecosystem. Previous research had found microbes (微生物) living underground near hydrothermal vents (热液喷口) , but this is the first reported discovery of larger animals such as tubeworms and snails in the underground habitat. Hydrothermal vents are cracks in the seafloor where hot water from the Earth’s core mixes with seawater. Much of the ocean floor is considered nearly uninhabitable. But around hydrothermal vents there’s an explosion of life. Communities of shrimp, crabs, tubeworms and hundreds of unique animal species have been previously found, but not underneath, these vents. They’re known as “extremophiles,” or life that can survive under extremely high temperatures and pressure. These species survive not on the sun’s energy, which fuels the food web elsewhere on Earth, but on nutrients produced when seawater mixes with magma. Recent scientific research has revealed that tubeworms and sea snails can be found not only on top of the seafloor but also underneath rocky sections. This discovery has the potential to significantly advance our understanding of these species’ life cycle and behavior. The researchers think tubeworms might disperse throughout the caves, with some settling and growing in cracks on the seafloor and others staying in the caves and growing to adulthood there—which would mean the seafloor and small caves underneath are an interconnected ecosystem, where cold and warm water flows mix and promote tubeworm growth. The hydrothermal vent ecosystem in this area is not restricted to what we see above but includes life in the subsurface. Deep-sea mining, which involves extracting (获取) minerals from the deep seabed, is a major threat to deep-sea ecosystems and is opposed by scientists and conservation organizations. “We don’t know how extensive those connected little caves are, and we’re unable to assess the biodiversity within the subsurface. Since seafloor ecosystems are likely interconnected. Large stretches of the seafloor need to be protected.” says Rachel Lauer, a geologist at the University of Calgary. 1．What does the new study reveal? A．Volcanic activity is frequent in the deep sea. B．Larger animals thrive beneath the ocean floor. C．There is a community of microbes underground. D．Hydrothermal vents shape the marine ecosystem. 2．What do we know about species living around hydrothermal vents? A．They feed on underwater plants. B．They rely on sunlight for energy. C．They can survive in extreme conditions. D．They favor a relatively hot environment. 3．What does the underlined word “disperse” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Float. B．Evolve. C．Frustrate. D．Spread 4．What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To call on people to protect seafloor ecosystems. B．To stress the importance of conserving biodiversity. C．To explain the link between volcanic caves and the seafloor. D．To show the effect of deep-sea mining on life in the subsurface. Baleen whales (须鲸), such as the blue whale, are huge sea animals. “Baleen” describes a filter-feeding (滤食的) system in their mouths through which they can eat huge numbers of very small ocean animals. But it appears now that whales are not the first sea animals to filter-feed. Scientists recently reported their findings about the ancient remains of a sea animal called Hupehsuchus nanchangensis that lived 248 million years ago, during the Triassic Period. They say its fossil (化石), which was unearthed in China’s Hubei Province, presents evidence of a filter-feeding system similar to that of baleen whales. Unlike blue whales, Hupehsuchus was not large. The animal measured about one meter long. Its mouth was narrow and toothless. Its lower jaw was loosely connected to the rest of the head bone. This permitted the animal to open its mouth wide to take in a large amount of water and the animals it carried. The structure traps little sea animals but lets the seawater flow out. From two new fossils with well-kept head bones the scientists found evidence along the jaws suggesting the presence of soft tissues that could have served as baleen. “We were amazed to discover the adaptation in such an early sea animal,” said Fang Zichen of the Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey. Paleontologist Mike Benton said, “Altogether, this points to a soft pocket of skin around the mouth and throat, as in modern baleen whales, and some kind of filtering device hanging from the jaws, like baleen.” But, he added, the baleen and skin were not fossilized. According to scientists, Hupehsuchus’ feeding style would match that used by baleen whales. This feeding structure is an example of a phenomenon in which distinct organisms independently evolve similar features—like the wings of birds and bats—to adapt to similar environments. 5．Why are baleen whales mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To present another sea animal. B．To awaken curiosity about huge whales. C．To draw attention to their current state. D．To introduce their unique feeding pattern. 6．Which aspect of Hupehsuchus is mainly discussed in paragraph 3? A．How it filter-fed. B．Its lower jaw's function. C．Why it grew toothless. D．Its physical characteristics. 7．What surprised the scientists about Hupehsuchus? A．Baleen surrounded the jaws. B．It could feed and live in the sea. C．It developed a filter-feeding system. D．Two undamaged head bones were found. 8．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Hupehsuchus Proving to Be a Filter-feeder B．Hupehsuchus Appearing Earlier than Whales C．Scientists Unlocking the Secrets of Hupehsuchus D．New Evidence Telling Hupehsuchus' Evolution （二）完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 【2025四川成都三模】 With nothing but her small boat for company, British lawyer Victoria Evans succeeded in crossing the Atlantic Ocean. The 35-year-old 9 4,740 kilometers in 40 days and 19 hours, battling constantly high winds, big waves and lack of 10 to record the fastest female solo row across the Atlantic Ocean. “It was much 11 than I expected,” she told CNN Sport, “I got probably the strongest wind and the challenges you need to keep going through were 12 .” Evans had spent four years preparing for this 13 of a lifetime but still hadn’t been ready for the 14 of an ocean crossing. Even before setting off, the trip was 15 by issues caused by the COVID-19 pandemic which forced the challenge to be 16 by a year. Once the challenge was 17 , high winds made rowing and sleeping extremely difficult, causing Evans to float off 18 at times. At one point a wave locked the 19 door from the inside, leaving her 20 outside of her cabin for 3 hours. Despite these occasional challenges, Evans managed to 21 in extreme conditions. “It’s a very unique sport 22 you can’t get off when you’re there and you have to deal with it. So it was so, so intense,” said Evans, who was 23 to cross the Atlantic after climbing Mont Blanc in 2017. 9．A．flew B．hiked C．measured D．covered 10．A．food B．water C．sleep D．energy 11．A．tougher B．stranger C．busier D．funnier 12．A．special B．huge C．surprising D．common 13．A．fight B．visit C．journey D．discovery 14．A．result B．training C．reality D．success 15．A．troubled B．surrounded C．guided D．monitored 16．A．paused B．postponed C．accumulated D．extended 17．A．halfway B．nearby C．overhead D．underway 18．A．guide B．port C．track D．position 19．A．capsule B．boat C．ship D．cabin 20．A．stored B．stuck C．fixed D．discovered 21．A．remain B．escape C．recover D．progress 22．A．though B．because C．once D．unless 23．A．forced B．directed C．inspired D．required （三）语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 【2021新高考Ⅱ】 I've always loved the ocean. In the 24 (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 25 (think)it is food. I decided to do something 26 (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company 27 used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws（吸管）.  I found the contact information of the company 28 emailed its president. I told him how 29 (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so 30 (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half. I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to 31 (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company 32 (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over 33 plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. （四）应用文写作 【2022全国甲卷改编】 你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1. 海洋的重要性； 2. 保护海洋的倡议。 注意：1. 词数 80 个左右； 2. 短文的题目和首句已为你写好。 Our Oceans, Our Responsibility June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day. _________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 选择性必修四 Unit 3 课时一 词汇、语法考点化训练（答案） 1、 根据提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1. withdrawal 2. applause 3. professional 4. possession 5. mixture 6. scheduled 7. further 8. causing 9. conclusion 10. remarkable 二、选择适当的词块，并用其正确形式填空。 1. in a league of his own 2. in hand 3. set sail 4. withdraw from 5. for the benefit of 6. became known as 7. develop relations with 8. participate in 9. search for 10. was in possession of 三、单元语法练习。用所给词的正确形式填空。 1. to send; to explore 2. To collect; to develop 3. buried; covered 4. to record; harming 5. Facing; to search 四、用括号中的句式把下列句子翻译成英文。 1.As deep-sea exploration technology improves, scientists discover many new marine life forms. 2.Countries need to work together to protect the oceans so that marine resources can be used sustainably. 3.There is an urgent need to reduce plastic waste entering the ocean to protect marine ecosystems. 4.Scientists are studying what causes the large-scale damage of coral reefs. 5.Ocean explorers find sunken ships on the ocean floor, which help us learn about human history. 五、阅读下面的语篇，根据首字母、中文提示或用所给词的正确形式填空。 1. merchant 2. extend 3. negotiated 4. royal 5. channels 6. bond 7.coverage 8. applaud 9. manned 10. underwater 11. migration 12. exploitation 13. recovery 14. opponents 15. marine 16. log 17. arrest 18. tale 19. tax 20. behold 选择性必修四 Unit 3 课时二 阅读技能训练（答案） （1） 阅读理解 体裁：说明文 题材：人与环境 【文章大意】每年都有大量的塑料进入海洋生态系统，造成海洋污染。艺术家 Benjamin Von Wong 为倡导环保而把塑料废物做成艺术品，用有趣的方式呼吁人们关爱我们的地球。 1. C 【命题意图】考查推理判断。 【答案分析】根据第一段中 “He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single- use plastic products.” 可知 Von Wong 把塑料废物制成了雕塑，让看到雕塑的人重新审视他们和一次性塑料产品之间的关系，让人们关注塑料污染。 2. A 【命题意图】考查推理判断。 【答案分析】根据第三段第一句 “Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled.” 及第二句的 “because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled” 可知，全球只有 9% 的塑料废品被回收利用，塑料吸管因小而且轻不能被回收利用。本段体现了塑料吸管的回收难度。 3. B 【命题意图】考查推理判断。 【答案分析】根据倒数第二段第一句 “In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean.” 可知，Von Wong 在 2018 年的一件作品中，想说明每 60 秒就有一卡车的量的塑料被倒入海洋。这种景象会让人们感到震惊和担忧。A. 镇静的；B. 令人不安的；C. 令人耳目一新的；D. 具有挑战性的。 4. D 【命题意图】考查主旨大意。 【答案分析】依照说明文特点，主旨大意一般在第一段或最后一段体现。根据第一段最后一句话 “He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re - examine their relationship to single - use plastic products.” 可知 Von Wong 把塑料垃圾制成艺术品，唤醒人们的环保意识。 【难句分析】For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10, 000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once.（Para. 4） 分析:“Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic” 是主句，which 引导非限制性定语从句，like 用作连词，引导表语从句。译文: 为了这个名为 “Truckload of Plastic” 的作品，Von Wong 和一群志愿者收集了一万多片塑料，然后这些塑料被捆在一起，看起来就像从卡车上一下子被倾倒下来。 5. 完成表格： (1) plastic is polluting the oceans；Artist Benjamin Von Wong builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage (2) force viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products; also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. (3) plastic,waste,pollution,ocean,straws,recycled (4) between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes ;168,000 plastic straws, 9%, Every 60 seconds, more than 10,000 pieces (5) Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. force viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products; Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic; also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. (6) because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. 训练后反思（略） （二）语篇结构 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了海浪发电的优势、缺点以及发展前景。 6. D 【考点】例证关系 【详解】根据上文“The advantages of wave power are clear.(海浪发电的优势显而易见)”可知，本句承接上文，具体说明波浪能的环保优势：不会释放温室气体。故D选项“波浪能在产生时不会释放温室气体”符合语境。 7.G 【考点】因果关系 【详解】根据上文“There is also a lot of potential … always in movement.(还有很大的潜力，因为许多国家都有海洋，可以为他们的电力系统提供动力。而且，波浪几乎没有中断，几乎总是在运动)”可知，上文提到波浪几乎没有中断，几乎总是在运动，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明其结果：这使得波浪能发电成为更可靠的能源。故G选项“这使得波浪能发电成为更可靠的能源”符合语境。 8． E 【考点】递进关系、代词指代 【详解】根据上文“But the disadvantages …challenging.(但是波浪能的缺点也很严重。直接在海滩上建造工厂或电线可能具有挑战性)”可知，上文提到直接在海滩上建造工厂或电线可能具有挑战性，故本句承接上文具体说明建造工厂或电线的危害：会对海洋生物和周围的生态系统造成损害。故E选项“它们会对海洋生物和周围的生态系统造成损害”符合语境。 9． F 【考点】因果关系、同词复现 【详解】根据上文“High cost …difficult.(高昂的成本也是一个问题。波浪能是一项处于发展早期阶段的新兴能源技术，因此计算成本是困难的)”以及后文“Because …maintenance.(由于不断的移动会导致更多的损坏，波浪能工厂很可能需要定期和昂贵的维护)”可知，本句主要在说明工厂的维护成本高昂的问题。故F选项“流动盐水工厂的维护费用非常昂贵”符合语境，且maintenance复现。 10． C 【考点】总分关系 【详解】根据后文“For many ocean-bordering countries, …adding wave energy to their renewable energy source.(对于许多海洋沿岸国家来说，波浪能将是可再生能源结构的重要补充。总之，海浪能在全球范围内具有巨大的潜力。然而，该行业需要更多的资金和研究来确定所涉及的技术，以便各国开始将波浪能添加到可再生能源中)”可知，后文提到海浪能在全球范围内具有巨大的潜力，说明波浪能还是存在未来发展的可能性。故C选项“尽管存在挑战，波浪能还是有未来的”符合语境。 （三）完形填空 11-15 DBAAB 16-20 CCBDD 21-25 ACDCB 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在南极之旅中见证的诸多自然奇观，也通过镜头记录下气候变化给野生动物带来的困境。最终点明，摄影不仅承载着个人热情，更能唤醒他人对自然的敬畏，提醒人们人类与野生动物的生存息息相关。 11．D。句意：数十年后，那种同样的惊叹感依然在为我的旅程注入力量，驱使我去探寻新的冒险。A. complete完成；B. interrupt打断；C. sponsor赞助；D. power驱动。根据上文“I still vividly…refreshment.”可知，上文提到童年与兔子的奇遇带来了纯粹的魅力与新鲜感，数十年后，这种奇妙感依然在驱动作者寻找新冒险。 12．B。句意：在一次南极之旅中，我目睹了令人惊叹的奇观：帝企鹅在零下 60℃的严寒中紧紧簇拥——这是它们凭借共享温暖实现生存的一课；洪堡企鹅则用自己的排泄物筑巢。A. shifts转变；B. wonders奇观；C. photos照片；D. accidents事故。根据下文“Emperor Penguins packing tightly… waste.”可知，下文列举了帝企鹅抵御严寒、洪堡企鹅用粪便筑巢等场景，这些都是南极之旅中令人惊叹的奇观。 13．A。句意：在一次南极之旅中，我目睹了令人惊叹的奇观：帝企鹅在零下 60℃的严寒中紧紧簇拥——这是它们凭借共享温暖实现生存的一课；洪堡企鹅则用自己的排泄物筑巢。A. survival生存；B. conflict冲突；C. despair绝望；D. sympathy同情。根据上文“Emperor Penguins packing tightly against -60℃ cold”可知，帝企鹅紧紧地挤在一起是为了生存。故选A。 14．A。句意：但最令人瞠目结舌的场景发生在象岛附近，300头鲸鱼突然在我们的船周围舞动。A. jaw-dropping令人瞠目结舌的；B. hair-raising令人毛骨悚然的；C. time-consuming耗时的；D. peace-loving爱好和平的。根据下文“when 300 whales suddenly __15__ around our boat.”可知，300头鲸鱼突然出现在船周围，这是一个极其震撼的场景。 15．B。句意：但最令人瞠目结舌的场景发生在象岛附近，300头鲸鱼突然在我们的船周围舞动。A. fought斗争；B. danced跳舞；C. begged乞求；D. disappeared消失。此处用拟人的手法描述鲸鱼围绕船的状态，“danced”（舞动）既体现了鲸鱼的灵动，也暗含了作者对这一场景的愉悦感受。 16．C。句意：它们喷水孔喷出的雾状水柱标志着捕鲸禁令的成功——它们的存在是对这片哭泣的海洋的温柔治愈。A. prevented阻止；B. attained获得；C. signaled标志，显示；D. guaranteed保证。根据下文“their presence was a gentle healing touch for the __17__ ocean.”可知，鲸鱼的出现是捕鲸禁令成功的标志，说明禁令有效保护了鲸鱼。 17．C。句意：它们喷水孔喷出的雾状水柱标志着捕鲸禁令的成功——它们的存在是对这片哭泣的海洋的温柔治愈。A. cheerful快乐的；B. hopeful有希望的；C. weeping哭泣的；D. inviting诱人的。根据上文“the success of the whaling ban”可知，禁捕鲸取得了成功，所以是对哭泣的海洋的一种温柔治愈。 18．B。句意：我的相机本是为展现美而设计，却也揭露了绝望。A. hidden隐藏；B. exposed揭露；C. overcome克服；D. deepened加深。根据下文“For days, I observed a female seal struggled as her once-stable hunting grounds __19___ separated meltwater pockets.”可知，作者的相机也揭露了绝望。 19．D。句意：一连几天，我观察到一只雌性海豹挣扎着，因为它曾经稳定的猎场分裂成了一个个零散的融水区域。A. came across偶遇；B. gave up放弃；C. took over接管；D. broke into成为碎片。根据下文“separated meltwater pockets”可知，雌性海豹曾经稳定的狩猎场变成了孤立的融水区域。 20．D。句意：我拍摄下的那个场景——它躺在一块浮冰上，那块冰勉强比餐桌大一点，而它的幼崽正努力保持平衡——深深震撼了我的内心。A. staged上演；B. imagined想象；C. painted绘画；D. shot拍摄。根据上文“My cameras”可知，作者用相机拍摄到了这个场景。 21．A。句意：我拍摄下的那个场景——它躺在一块浮冰上，那块冰勉强比餐桌大一点，而它的幼崽正努力保持平衡——深深震撼了我的内心。A. barely几乎不；B. badly非常；C. fully完全地；D. delicately精致地。根据下文“larger than a dinner table”可知，浮冰几乎不比餐桌大。 22．C。句意：尽管这张照片在构图技巧上堪称完美，但场景本身却让我心碎。A. design设计；B. pattern模式；C. image照片；D. light光线。根据上文“The scene I ___20___”可知，此处指这张照片。 23．D。句意：如今，当我夜复一夜地重温这些照片时，作为见证者的沉重感几乎让人无法承受。A. repeat重复；B. restore恢复；C. replace代替；D. revisit重温。根据下文“these photos night after night”可知，作者夜复一夜地重温这些照片。 24．C。句意：摄影虽点燃了我的热情，但它真正的力量在于唤醒他人心中同样坚定的敬畏之情，提醒我们每一次呼吸都与野生动物的生存息息相关。A. dulls使迟钝；B. questions询问；C. fuels激发；D. cools冷却。根据上文“Decades later, that same sense of wonder continues to __11__ my journeys, driving me to hunt for new adventures.”可知，摄影激发了作者的热情。 25．B。句意：摄影虽点燃了我的热情，但它真正的力量在于唤醒他人心中同样坚定的敬畏之情，提醒我们每一次呼吸都与野生动物的生存息息相关。A. save拯救；B. draw吸入；C. waste浪费；D. regain重新获得。根据上文“each breath”可知，我们吸入的每一口呼吸都与野生动物的生存息息相关。 选择性必修四 Unit 3 课时三 写作技能训练（答案） 第一步：写单句 1.The experience not only restored the reefs but also strengthened Timmy’ s resolve to protect the ocean for future generations. 2. He realized that with devotion and the support of others, even the most challenging difficulties could be overcome. 3. They worked tirelessly every day, removing debris from the ocean floor and planting new coral. 4. Timmy felt a growing sense of accomplishment as he saw the community come together for a common cause. 5. New coral started to grow, and marine life gradually returned to the area. 第二步：组语篇 One possible version: With Dr. Elena’ s guidance, Timmy and his friends launched a massive reef restoration project. They worked tirelessly every day, removing debris from the ocean floor and planting new coral. Dr. Elena taught them advanced techniques to ensure the corals would survive. Timmy and his friends also organized educational workshops for the local community, spreading awareness about the importance of ocean conservation. Their efforts attracted more volunteers, and soon the project gained progress. The local government took notice and provided additional resources to support their work. Timmy felt a growing sense of accomplishment as he saw the community come together for a common cause. Slowly but surely, the reefs began to show signs of life. New coral started to grow, and marine life gradually returned to the area. Timmy and his friends continued to monitor the progress, collecting data and sharing their findings with Dr. Elena. The once damaged reefs were now on the path to recovery. Timmy’ s dream of becoming a marine biologist seemed closer than ever. He realized that with devotion and the support of others, even the most challenging difficulties could be overcome. The experience not only restored the reefs but also strengthened Timmy’ s resolve to protect the ocean for future generations. 选择性必修四 Unit 3 单元过关（答案） （1） 阅读理解 体裁：说明文 题材：科学科普（海洋生态） 【文章大意】主要介绍科学家在海底火山洞穴中发现的新生态系统及对深海生物生存方式的全新认识。 1. B 【命题意图】考查细节理解。 【答案分析】 根据第一段中的“Previous research had found…habitat.(早期研究曾发现微生物生活在靠近热液喷口的地下，但这是首次报道在地下栖息地中发现管状蠕虫和蜗牛等较大的动物)”可知，研究揭示了体型较大的动物在海床之下繁衍生长。 2. C 【命题意图】考查细节理解。 【答案分析】根据第二段中的“They’re known … pressure. (它们被称为‘极端微生物’，即可以在极高的温度和压力下生存的生命)”可知，这些物种能够在极端条件下生存。 3. D 【命题意图】考查推理判断。 【答案分析】根据划线词后文“with some…there(一些在海底的裂缝中定居和成长，另一些则留在洞穴中并生长到成年)”可知，研究人员推测管虫可能分散到整个洞穴，有的在海底裂缝中定居生长，有的留在洞穴中并生长到成年，所以disperse意为“分散、分布”，与“Spread”同义。 4. A 【命题意图】考查推理判断。 【答案分析】根据尾段中的“Deep-sea mining, … protected.’ says Rachel Lauer, a geologist at the University of Calgary.(深海采矿涉及从深海海底开采矿物，是对深海生态系统的主要威胁，受到科学家和保护组织的反对。凯加里大学地质学家Rachel Lauer说：‘我们不知道这些相连的小洞穴有多大，也无法评估地下的生物多样性。因为海底生态系统可能是相互关联的。大片海底需要保护。’)”可知，最后一段强调了深海采矿对生态系统的威胁，并引用Rachel Lauer的话呼吁保护大片海底区域；由此可知，最后一段的目的是号召人们保护海底生态系统。 体裁：说明文 题材：古生物科普 【文章大意】在中国发现的化石表明约2.5亿年前，海洋动物湖北鳄已经进化出了和须鲸类似的滤食系统。 5. D 【命题意图】考查推理判断。 【答案分析】根据第一段“Baleen whales (须鲸), such as …to filter-feed.(须鲸，如蓝鲸，是巨大的海洋动物。“鲸须”描述的是它们嘴里的一个过滤进食系统，通过这个系统，它们可以吃掉大量非常小的海洋动物。但现在看来，鲸鱼并不是第一个滤食的海洋动物)”结合下文对海洋动物湖北鳄的介绍可知，第一段提及须鲸是为了引出下文有关湖北鳄的话题，也就是展示另一种海洋动物。 6. D 【命题意图】考查推理判断。 【答案分析】根据第三段“Unlike blue whales,… flow out.(与蓝鲸不同，Hupehsuchus体型不大。这只动物大约有一米长。它的嘴很窄，没有牙齿。它的下颚松散地与头骨的其余部分相连。这使得这种动物可以张大嘴巴，吸收大量的水和它所携带的动物。这种结构困住了一些海洋动物，但让海水流出)”可知，本段主要介绍了湖北鳄的身体结构或者身体特征。 7. C 【命题意图】考查推理判断。 【答案分析】根据第四段“From two new fossils …in such an early sea animal,” said Fang Zichen of the Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey.(从两个保存完好的头骨新化石中，科学家们发现了沿颚部存在可能充当鲸须的软组织的证据。中国地质调查武汉中心的方子晨说：“我们很惊讶地发现，这样一种早期海洋动物的适应能力。”)”可知，从两个保存完好的新的头骨化石中，科学家发现了沿颌骨存在软组织的证据，它们可能和鲸须有着相同的作用。再结合上文对鲸须的滤食作用的介绍可知，湖北鳄进化出了和须鲸相似的滤食系统让研究人员感到惊讶。 8. A 【命题意图】考查主旨大意。 【答案分析】根据第二段“Scientists recently reported … that of baleen whales.(科学家们最近报道了他们的发现，关于一种生活在2.48亿年前三叠纪时期的古代海洋动物，名为Hupehsuchus nanchangensis。他们认为，这种在中国湖北省出土的化石证明了该生物存在一种与须鲸相似的滤食系统)”以及通读全文可知，须鲸通过嘴里的滤食系统捕食海洋动物，然而，科学家通过分析两个保存完好的头骨化石发现约2.5亿年前，海洋动物湖北鳄已经进化出了滤食系统。所以A项“Hupehsuchus Proving to Be a Filter-feeder(湖北鳄被证明是滤食动物)”是本文最佳标题。 （二）完形填空 9-13 DCABC 14-18 CABDC 19-23 DBDBC 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了英国律师Victoria Evans独自划船成功横渡大西洋的壮举，详细描述了她的行程、面临的挑战以及准备工作等。 9．D。句意：这位35岁的女性在40天19小时内航行了4740公里，一路与持续不断的狂风、巨浪和睡眠不足作斗争，创下了女性单人划船穿越大西洋的最快纪录。A. flew飞；B. hiked远足；C. measured测量；D. covered覆盖、走完。根据上文“With nothing but … the Atlantic Ocean.”可知，Victoria Evans仅以她的小船为伴，成功穿越大西洋。再根据空后“4,740 kilometers”可知，她在40天19小时内航行了4740公里。 10．C。句意：这位35岁的女性在40天19小时内航行了4740公里，一路与持续不断的狂风、巨浪和睡眠不足作斗争，创下了女性单人划船穿越大西洋的最快纪录。A. food食物；B. water水；C. sleep睡眠；D. energy能量、精力。根据下文“Once the challenge …at times.”中的“sleeping extremely difficult”可知，大风让划船和睡觉都极其困难，所以她面临着缺乏睡眠的问题。 11．A。句意：她在接受美国有线电视新闻网体育频道采访时表示：“这比我预想的要艰难得多。我可能遇到了最强劲的风，而要坚持下去需要克服的挑战非常巨大。”A. tougher更艰难的；B. stranger更陌生的；C. busier更忙碌的；D. funnier更有趣的。根据下文“I got probably the strongest wind”可知，这次经历比她预期的要艰难得多。 12．B。句意：她在接受美国有线电视新闻网体育频道采访时表示：“这比我预想的要艰难得多。我可能遇到了最强劲的风，而要坚持下去需要克服的挑战非常巨大。”A. special特别的；B. huge巨大的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. common常见的。根据上文“It was much  ___11___  than I expected”以及下文“high winds made rowing and sleeping extremely difficult”可推测，她面临的挑战很巨大。 13．C。句意：Evans为这次一生一次的旅程准备了四年，但仍然没有做好面对穿越大洋现实的准备。A. fight战斗、斗争；B. visit访问；C. journey旅程；D. discovery发现。根据文章第一段“With nothing but … the Atlantic Ocean.”可知，她这次是划船穿越大西洋，这是一次一生难得的旅程。 14．C。句意：Evans为这次一生一次的旅程准备了四年，但仍然没有做好面对穿越大洋现实的准备。A. result结果；B. training训练；C. reality现实；D. success成功。根据下文对于这次旅程艰难的描述可推测，虽然她花了四年时间准备，但还是没有为穿越大西洋的现实做好准备，这里强调实际经历和想象的差异。 15．A。句意：甚至在出发前，这次行程就受到新冠疫情引发问题的困扰，挑战被迫推迟了一年。A. troubled使烦恼；B. surrounded包围；C. guided引导；D. monitored监控。根据下文“by issues caused by the COVID-19 pandemic which forced the challenge to be  __16___  by a year.”可知，疫情带来的问题给这次旅行带来了麻烦。 16．B。句意：甚至在出发前，这次行程就受到新冠疫情引发问题的困扰，挑战被迫推迟了一年。A. paused暂停；B. postponed推迟；C. accumulated积累；D. extended延长。根据上文“Even before setting off… pandemic”可知，这次行程因为新冠疫情而被推迟一年。故选B。 17．D。句意：挑战开始后，狂风让划船和睡觉都变得极其困难，有时还让Evans偏离航线。A. halfway半途；B. nearby附近；C. overhead在头上、在空中；D. underway 在进行中。根据下文“high winds …at times.”可知，挑战开始后，大风就使划船和睡觉变得极其困难。 18．C。句意：挑战开始后，狂风让划船和睡觉都变得极其困难，有时还让Evans偏离航线。A. guide导游、向导；B. port港口；C. track轨迹、航线；D. position位置。根据下文“high winds made rowing and sleeping extremely difficult”可推测，大风让划船困难，所以她有时会偏离航线。 19．D。句意：有一次，一个海浪从里面锁住了船舱的门，让她被困在船舱外长达3个小时。A. capsule太空舱；B. boat小船；C. ship船；D. cabin机舱、船舱。根据下文“leaving her __20___ outside of her cabin for 3 hours.”可知，一个海浪从里面锁住了船舱的门。 20．D。句意：有一次，一个海浪从里面锁住了船舱的门，让她被困在船舱外长达3个小时。A. stored储存；B. stuck卡住、困住；C. fixed修理；D. discovered发现。根据上文“At one point a wave locked the  ___19___  door from the inside,”可知，门从里面锁住了，所以她被困在了船舱外面 3 个小时。 21．D。句意：尽管偶尔会遇到这些挑战，Evans还是在极端条件下取得了进展。A. remain保持、仍然；B. escape逃跑；C. recover恢复；D. progress进步。根据上文“Despite these occasional challenges,”可推测，尽管有这些偶尔的挑战，Evans还是设法在极端条件下取得了进展。 22．B。句意：Evans说：“这是一项非常独特的运动，因为一旦开始你就不能中途放弃，必须去应对一切。所以这真的非常考验人。”A. though虽然；B. because因为；C. once一旦；D. unless除非。分析句子成分可知，空处考查连词；前后句是因果关系，因为在海上你不能中途放弃，必须应对各种情况，所以这是一项非常独特的运动。 23．C。句意：2017年攀登勃朗峰后，她受到启发，决心穿越大西洋。A. forced强迫；B. directed指导；C. inspired激励；D. required要求。根据下文“after climbing Mont Blanc in 2017.”可推测，她是在2017年攀登勃朗峰后受到启发，决心穿越大西洋。 （三）语法填空 【导语】本文是记叙文。作者讲述了自己为了保护海洋，减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。 24. seventh 考查序数词。句意：七年级的时候，我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词。 25. thinking 考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构，　25　 (think)it is food.用作状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，用现在分词。 26. to educate 考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，　　26　　 (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式。 27. which/that 考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构， 　　27　　 used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句。 28. and 考查连词。句意：我找到了这家公司的联系方式，并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和“emailed”之间是并列关系，用and连接两个并列的谓语动词。 29. harmful 考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句，how之后接形容词。 30. excited 考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式的形容词。 31. was 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数。 32. representative 考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数。 33. from 考查介词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。 from sth to sth从...到...。 （4） 应用文写作 One possible version: Our Oceans, Our Responsibility June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day. It aims to raise people’s awareness of protecting oceans. Why should we protect oceans? To begin with, they are a significant source of food. With the world population growing, we are relying on oceans more and more for survival. In addition, not only do oceans produce much oxygen, but they also absorb much carbon dioxide, which remarkably contributes to regulating the Earth’s climate. However, oceans are being damaged. Huge as they are, they are more sensitive than we think. Thus, it is high time that we took effective measures to protect them. Otherwise, future generations will not forgive us. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $