Unit 3 Same or Different 重点单词讲解及拓展（精讲课件）2026-2027学年八年级英语上册（新教材人教版）

该初中英语课件系统梳理了Unit 3 "Same or Different?"的51个核心词汇及短语，涵盖基础用法、固定搭配、词形转换等内容，通过对比辨析（如compare A with B与compare A to B）、同义反义关联（如outgoing与shy）构建完整的词汇知识网络。 其亮点在于采用"用法解析-情景应用-错题警示"的复习策略，如设计"attend会议/课程"的语境选择题培养语言能力，通过"honest前用an"的易错点分析提升思维品质，分层练习满足不同学生需求，助力教师高效开展针对性复习，强化学生词汇应用能力。

词 汇 讲 解 Unit 3 Same or Different? 词汇天地 新人教版初中英语8年级（上） 目录 CONTENT 短语释义 基础用法 固定搭配 实用例句 配套习题 答案详解 2 重点词汇过关 compare v. 比较；对比 shy adj. 害羞的 lazy adj. 懒惰的；懒洋洋的 loud adv. 响亮地 adj. 大声的 outgoing adj. 外向的 hard‑working adj. 勤奋的 perform v. 表演；执行 solve v. 解决；解答 congratulation n. 祝贺；恭喜 prize n. 奖；奖励 attend v. 参加；出席 as … as … 像…… 一样…… besides prep. 除…… 之外（还） adv. 而且 spare adj. 空闲的；备用的 v. 抽出；拨出 pleasure n. 乐事；愉快；荣幸 have sth. in common 有共同之处 appearance n. 外表；露面 personality n. 性格；品质 serious adj. 严肃的；严重的 strength n. 优势；力量 fact n. 事实；现实 slim adj. 苗条的；薄的 population n. 人口 average adj. 平均的；平常的 rainfall n. 降雨量 per prep. 每 3 重点词汇过关 pleasant adj. 宜人的；友好的 alike adj. 相像的 adv. 相似地 interest n. 业余爱好；兴趣 v. 使感兴趣 difference n. 差异 sense n. 理解力；感觉 humour (=humor) n. 幽默；幽默感 thanks to 归功于；由于；因为 less adj. 较少的adv. 较少地 pron. 较少；更少 straightforward adj. 坦率的；简单的 opinion n. 看法；意见 make a mistake 犯错误 honest adj. 坦诚的；诚实的 direct adj. 率直的；直接的 similarity n. 相似之处 friendship n. 友谊；友情 character n. 人物；个性 exchange v. & n. 交换 accident n. 意外；（交通）事故 by accident 偶然；意外地 expect v. 预料；期待 silver adj. 银色的 n. 银 situation n. 情况；状况 care about 关心；担心 reach v. 伸手；达到 touch v. 触动；触碰 lend (sb.) a hand 帮助（某人） 4 1. compare v. 比较；对比 基础用法：动词，可作谓语；过去式 / 过去分词 compared；现在分词 comparing。 固定搭配：compare A with B 把 A 和 B 作比较；compare A to B 把 A 比作 B；compare with 与…… 相比；compared with/to… 与…… 相比（作状语） 实用例句：Don’t compare yourself with others. Everyone has his own advantages. 不要拿你自己和别人比较，每个人都有自己的优势。 ____ many other students, Tom is more hard‑working and he always tries his best in all subjects. A. compare with B. Comparing to C. Compared with D. To compare 句意：与许多其他学生相比，汤姆更加勤奋，并且他在所有科目上总是尽全力。本题考查非谓语动词固定结构 compared with/to（与…… 相比），在句中作状语，是中考高频考点。compare 和逻辑主语 Tom 是被动关系，因此用过去分词 compared。A 选项是动词原形，不能直接放句首作状语；B 现在分词 comparing 逻辑主语要和动作发出者一致；D 不定式多表目的，代入语境语义不通。陷阱提醒：区分 compare A with B（把 A 与 B 对比）、compare A to B（把 A 比喻成 B）；完形填空经常考 compared with 作状语，不要误选原形，故选 C。 5 2. shy adj. 害羞的 基础用法：形容词，可作定语、表语；名词 shyness 害羞；副词 shyly；比较级 shyer/shier；最高级 shyest/shiest；多用来描述人的性格。 固定搭配：be shy of doing sth. 怯于做某事；be shy with strangers 怕生；a shy girl 一个害羞的女孩 实用例句：The little girl is very shy and she is shy of speaking in front of the whole class. 这个小女孩很害羞，她怯于在全班同学面前发言。 When she meets new people, she is too ____ to talk with them freely. A. outgoing B. shy C. lazy D. honest 句意：当她遇见陌生人的时候，她太害羞而不能和他们自如交谈。本题考查形容词词义辨析。shy 害羞的；outgoing 外向的；lazy 懒惰的；honest 诚实的。根据 “too…to talk with them freely（太…… 以至于不能自如交谈）” 提示性格腼腆害羞。词形变形考点：shy → shyness n. 害羞，语法填空常考。易错：不要混淆 shy（人感到害羞），没有修饰事物的用法，只能描述人、动物性格，故选 B。 6 3. lazy adj. 懒惰的；懒洋洋的 基础用法：形容词，作定语、表语；名词 laziness 懒惰；比较级 lazier；最高级 laziest。 固定搭配：a lazy boy 懒惰的男孩；too lazy to do sth. 太懒惰而不能做某事 实用例句：If you are too lazy to take exercise, you will become weaker and weaker. 如果你太懒而不去锻炼，你的身体会变得越来越差。 He is so ____ that he hardly finishes his homework on time every day. A. hard‑working B. lazy C. serious D. outgoing 句意：他如此懒惰，以至于几乎每天都不能按时完成家庭作业。本题考查形容词词义辨析。lazy 懒惰的；hard‑working 勤奋的；serious 严肃的；outgoing 外向的。根据 “hardly finishes his homework on time 几乎不能按时写完作业”，提示这个人很懒惰。词形转换：lazy → laziness n. 懒惰，中考语法填空高频变形。so…that… 如此…… 以至于……，引导结果状语从句，是本题隐含语法考点，故选 B。 7 4. loud adv. 响亮地 adj. 大声的 基础用法：形容词 “大声的” 修饰名词；副词 “响亮地” 修饰动词；副词 loudly；比较级 louder；最高级 loudest；loud 侧重音量大；loudly 多含吵闹含义。 固定搭配：speak loud 大声说话；a loud voice 大嗓门；read loud 大声朗读 实用例句：Please don’t speak so loud in the library. Other people need quiet environment. 请不要在图书馆大声说话，其他人需要安静的环境。 In order that everyone in the hall can hear you clearly, you should speak much ____. A. loud B. louder C. loudly D. loudest 句意：为了大厅里每个人都能听清你的话，你应该说得更大声一点。本题考查副词比较级。much 后接形容词 / 副词比较级，表示 “…… 得多”。loud 可以作副词表示 “大声地”，比较级 louder；loudly 多表示吵闹喧哗，语境不合适。A 原级不能跟 much；D 最高级前面一般加 the。易错辨析：loud（大声，希望被听见）；loudly（吵闹，喧闹），完形经常辨析二者，故选 B。 8 5. outgoing adj. 外向的 基础用法：形容词，描述人的性格，作定语、表语；反义词 shy；无变形；中考人物性格类阅读高频词汇。 固定搭配：an outgoing girl 一个外向的女孩；be outgoing with sb. 对人开朗大方 实用例句：My deskmate is very outgoing and she is willing to make friends with different people. 我的同桌十分外向，她愿意和不同的人交朋友。 As an ____ boy, he enjoys taking part in all kinds of after‑school activities and makes lots of friends. A. Honest B. outgoing C. lazy D. serious 句意：作为一名外向的男孩，他喜欢参加各种各样课外活动并且结交很多朋友。本题考查形容词词义辨析。outgoing 外向的；honest 诚实的；lazy 懒惰的；serious 严肃的。根据 “参加各类课外活动、交很多朋友” 提示性格外向。反义词 shy 害羞，完形经常考性格类形容词词义辨析，故选 B。 9 6. hard‑working adj. 勤奋的 基础用法：复合形容词，作定语、表语；同义 hard‑working = hardworking；反义词 lazy；用来描述人学习工作勤奋。 固定搭配：a hard‑working student 勤奋的学生；be hard‑working in study 在学习上勤奋 实用例句：Those hard‑working students always get better grades in the final exams. 那些勤奋的学生总会在期末考试取得更好的成绩。 She is a ____ girl. She spends most of her spare time reading and reviewing lessons. A. hard‑working B. lazy C. shy D. outgoing 句意：她是一个勤奋的女孩。她把大部分空闲时间用来阅读和复习功课。本题考查形容词词义辨析。hard‑working 勤奋的；lazy 懒惰的；shy 害羞的；outgoing 外向的。根据 “spare time reading and reviewing lessons 空闲时间阅读复习功课”，体现勤奋。反义词为 lazy 懒惰，完形人物性格高频成对辨析，故选 A。 10 7. perform v. 表演；执行 基础用法：动词，可作谓语；名词 performance 表演；过去式 performed；现在分词 performing；熟词生义 “执行” 中考阅读常考。 固定搭配：perform on the stage 在舞台表演；perform a task 执行任务；perform well 表现好 实用例句：Some students will perform wonderful shows at the school art festival next week. 一些学生下周将在学校艺术节表演精彩节目。 The group will ____ a wonderful play in our school hall and many students look forward to it. A. perform B. solve C. attend D. compare 句意：这个小组将会在学校礼堂表演一出精彩话剧，很多学生对此十分期待。本题考查动词词义辨析。perform 表演；solve 解决；attend 参加；compare 比较。根据后面宾语 a wonderful play（精彩话剧），对应动词 “表演”。词形转换考点：perform → performance n. 表演，语法填空高频考点，故选 A。 11 8. solve v. 解决；解答 基础用法：动词，作谓语；名词 solution 解决办法；过去式 solved；现在分词 solving；宾语常为 problem/trouble。 固定搭配：solve problems 解决问题；solve puzzles 解开谜题；solve the difficulty 解决困难 实用例句：We should try our best to solve these problems by ourselves instead of asking teachers for help right away. 我们应该尽力自己解决这些问题，而不是立刻求助老师。 If you meet difficulties in your daily life, you should think of ways ____ them instead of giving up. A. Solve B. solving C. to solve D. solved 句意：如果你在日常生活中遇到困难，你应该想办法去解决它们，而不是放弃。本题考查非谓语动词固定搭配：ways to do sth. 做某事的办法，不定式作后置定语。A 动词原形不能修饰 ways；B 动名词无此搭配；D 过去分词语义不通。词形转换：solve → solution n. 解决办法，the solution to the problem 问题的解决办法，注意介词用 to，属于高频易错点，故选 C。 12 9. congratulation n. 祝贺；恭喜 基础用法：名词；常用复数 congratulations 表示祝贺；动词 congratulate 祝贺；多用于祝贺别人取得成功。 固定搭配：Congratulations (on …)! （对…… 表示）祝贺！；congratulations on sth. 祝贺某事；congratulate sb. on sth. 祝贺某人某事 实用例句：Congratulations on winning the first prize in the speech competition! 祝贺你在演讲比赛中获得一等奖！ — I passed the important English test yesterday! — ____! You have worked so hard for such a long time. A. Good luck B. Congratulations C. No problem D. That’s all right 句意：—— 我昨天通过这场重要的英语考试！—— 祝贺你！你已经努力这么久了。本题考查情景交际。congratulations 用于对别人已经取得的成功表示祝贺；Good luck 祝你好运（事情还未发生）；No problem 没问题；That’s all right 没关系。易错区分：Good luck 祝愿未来；Congratulations 祝贺已经发生的好事，情景交际高频考点，故选 B。 13 10. prize n. 奖；奖励 基础用法：可数名词，复数 prizes；可以指比赛、竞赛的奖品、奖金。 固定搭配：win a prize 获奖；get the first prize 获得一等奖；a prize for … …… 的奖项 实用例句：He won the first prize in the school singing competition last month. 上个月他在校歌唱比赛中赢得一等奖。 To our surprise, the little boy won a big ____ in the national science competition. A. prize B. pleasure C. fact D. strength 句意：令我们惊讶的是，这个小男孩在全国科学竞赛中赢得大奖。本题考查名词词义辨析。prize 奖品、奖项；pleasure 乐事；fact 事实；strength 优势。根据 in the national science competition（全国科学比赛），对应获奖。固定搭配 win a prize 获奖，书面表达可以直接套用，故选 A。 14 11. attend v. 参加；出席 基础用法：动词，作谓语；过去式 attended；现在分词 attending；宾语常为会议、课程、活动；注意：attend 不加 to 表示出席；attend to 意为照料。 固定搭配：attend school 上学；attend a meeting 出席会议；attend classes 上课 实用例句：More than two hundred students will attend the opening ceremony of our sports meeting tomorrow. 超过两百名学生明天将会出席我们运动会的开幕式。 All the students are supposed to ____ the important meeting unless they are ill. A. join B. attend C. take part D. join in 句意：所有学生都应当出席这场重要会议，除非他们生病了。本题考查 “参加” 近义词辨析。attend 出席会议、仪式；join 加入团体组织；take part in + 活动；join in 参加小型活动。本空后面宾语 the important meeting 会议，用 attend。陷阱：take part 后面缺少介词 in，属于高频挖坑点，故选 B。 15 12. as … as … 像…… 一样…… 基础用法：原级比较结构；中间放入形容词 / 副词原级；否定 not as/so…as… 不如……；中考必考。 固定搭配：as +adj./adv. 原级 + as；not as/so +adj./adv. 原级 + as；as much as 尽可能多 实用例句：Tom runs as fast as his elder brother. 汤姆跑得和他哥哥一样快。 Lucy is not so outgoing as her sister. 露西不如她姐姐外向。 ‑I think Linda is ____ careful as Mary. ‑Yes, but Mary works ____ harder than Linda. A. as; much B. so; much C. as; more D. so; more 句意：— 我认为琳达和玛丽一样细心。— 是的，但是玛丽学习比琳达要努力得多。本题考查原级比较与比较级修饰词。肯定句用 as…as 和…… 一样；much 可以修饰比较级 harder，表示 “…… 得多”。so…as 只用在否定句 not so…as。harder 本身已经是比较级，不能再加 more。as…as 是单选、语法填空高频考点，故选 A。 16 13. besides prep. 除…… 之外（还） adv. 而且 基础用法：介词：除…… 之外（包含后面对象）；副词：而且；区分 except 除…… 之外（排除后面对象）。 固定搭配：besides sth./sb. 除…… 之外；besides, …… 而且（句首作副词） 实用例句：Besides English, he also learns French and German.除英语之外，他还学习法语和德语。 It is too late. Besides, it is raining heavily outside. 时间太晚了，而且外面正在下大雨。 ____ doing after‑school activities, students also need enough time to relax themselves. A. Except B. Besides C. But D. Without 句意：除了参加课外活动之外，学生们还需要足够时间放松自己。本题考查介词辨析。besides 除…… 之外（还，包含）；except 除…… 之外（排除）；but 除了；without 没有。根据 also 提示，课外活动是包含在内的，所以选 besides。这一组词义辨析是完形高频陷阱，一定要分清 “包含” 和 “排除”，故选 B。 17 14. spare adj. 空闲的；备用的 v. 抽出；拨出 基础用法：形容词修饰名词；动词可接时间；过去式 spared；现在分词 sparing。 固定搭配：spare time 空闲时间；spare money 备用金；spare sth. for sb./sth. 为…… 抽出（时间） 实用例句：When you have some spare time, why not take part in some volunteer activities? 当你有空的时候，为什么不去参加一些志愿活动呢？ If you have some ____ time, you’d better spend it reading more useful books. A. spare B. special C. strange D. serious 句意：如果你有一些空闲时间，你最好花时间多读一些有用的书。本题考查形容词词义辨析。spare 空闲的；special 特殊的；strange 奇怪的；serious 严肃的。spare time 固定短语，意为空闲时间，故选 A。 18 15. pleasure n. 乐事；愉快；荣幸 基础用法：名词；形容词 pleasant 令人愉快的；pleased 感到愉快的；情景交际高频。 固定搭配：It’s my pleasure. 不客气；with pleasure 乐意效劳；a great pleasure 一件乐事 实用例句：It is a great pleasure for me to talk with you about my favourite books. 和你聊聊我最喜欢的书籍对我来说是一件乐事。 ‑Thank you for helping me solve the difficult problem! ‑____. It’s my pleasure. A. No thanks B. You’re welcome C. That’s right D. It doesn’t matter 句意：— 谢谢你帮我解决这道难题！— 不客气，这是我的荣幸。本题考查情景交际。You’re welcome 用于回应别人感谢，和 It’s my pleasure 配套使用。No thanks 不用了谢谢；That’s right 那是对的；It doesn’t matter 没关系（回应道歉）。易错区分 with pleasure（答应别人请求：乐意效劳）；It’s my pleasure（做完事之后，不客气），故选 B。 19 16. have sth. in common 有共同之处 基础用法：动词短语；common 形容词共同的；常用 have a lot/much/nothing in common 有很多 / 没有共同之处。 固定搭配：have much in common 有很多共同点；have nothing in common 毫无共同之处 实用例句：Although they are twin sisters, they don’t have much in common. 尽管她们是双胞胎姐妹，但是她们并没有很多共同之处。 The two friends have a lot ____ and they always share the same hobbies and ideas. A. in common B. in surprise C. in danger D. in trouble 句意：这两位朋友有很多共同之处，他们总是有着相同爱好和想法。本题考查固定短语辨析。have a lot in common 有很多共同点；in surprise 惊讶地；in danger 处于危险中；in trouble 处于困境。根据后面 “same hobbies and ideas 相同爱好想法” 提示有共同点。完形经常考查 in 类短语辨析，故选 A。 20 17. appearance n. 外表；露面 基础用法：名词；动词 appear 出现；反义词 disappear 消失；中考完形高频。 固定搭配：judge by appearance 以貌取人；one’s appearance 某人的外表 实用例句：We shouldn’t judge a person only by his appearance. 我们不应该仅仅凭借外表评判一个人。 Don’t only pay attention to one’s ____. Inner quality is much more important. A. appearance B. pleasure C. strength D. fact 句意：不要只关注一个人的外表，内在品质要重要得多。本题考查名词词义辨析。appearance 外表；pleasure 乐事；strength 优势；fact 事实。根据后一句 “inner quality 内在品质”，前后对应 “外表”。词形转换：appear v. 出现 → appearance n. 外表；disappear v. 消失，语法填空高频变形，故选 A。 21 18. personality n. 性格；品质 基础用法：可数名词，personalities；形容词 personal 个人的；侧重人的性格品性。 固定搭配：a friendly personality 友善的性格；different personalities 不同性格 实用例句：Good personality is as important as good grades for teenagers. 对于青少年来说，良好的性格和优秀成绩同等重要。 Her warm ____ makes her popular among all her classmates. A. Prize B. personality C. population D. performance 句意：她热情的性格让她在所有同学当中很受欢迎。本题考查名词词义辨析。personality 性格；prize 奖品；population 人口；performance 表演。warm 修饰性格，符合语境。形容词 personal 个人的，注意区分拼写，阅读高频词汇，故选 B。 22 19. serious adj. 严肃的；严重的 基础用法：形容词，作定语表语；副词 seriously；比较级 more serious；最高级 most serious；两层含义：态度严肃；情况严重。 固定搭配：be serious about 对…… 认真；a serious illness 重病；serious problem 严重问题 实用例句：You should be serious about your study and don’t always play jokes in class. 你应该认真对待学习，不要总在课堂开玩笑。 If you are ____ about your dream, you should keep working hard for it all the time. A. shy B. serious C. lazy D. honest 句意：如果你认真对待你的梦想，你就应该一直为之努力奋斗。本题考查形容词固定搭配。be serious about sth. 对…… 认真。shy 害羞；lazy 懒惰；honest 诚实。副词变形 seriously 严重地；认真地，语法填空常考 serious ↔ seriously，故选 B。 23 20. strength n. 优势；力量 基础用法：名词；形容词 strong 强壮的；复数 strengths；含义：力量；长处优势。 固定搭配：one’s strengths 某人的优势；build up strength 增强力量 实用例句：Everyone has their own strengths and weaknesses. 每个人都拥有属于自己的优势和劣势。 Knowing your own ____ can help you make much better progress in your daily study. A. strengths B. facts C. prizes D. opinions 句意：了解你自己的优势可以帮助你在日常学习中取得更大进步。本题考查名词词义辨析。strength 优势；fact 事实；prize 奖品；opinion 看法。词形转换 strong adj. 强壮的 → strength n. 力量 / 优势，是语法填空高频考点，易错拼写，故选 A。 24 21. fact n. 事实；现实 基础用法：可数名词，复数 facts；短语 in fact 事实上。 固定搭配：in fact 事实上；the fact that …… 的事实 实用例句：In fact, it is not easy for teenagers to develop good learning habits. 事实上，对于青少年来说养成良好学习习惯并不容易。 He seems very lazy. But ____, he spends plenty of time reading and thinking every day. A. in fact B. in common C. in danger D. in trouble 句意：他看上去很懒。但事实上，他每天花大量时间阅读思考。本题考查短语辨析。in fact 事实上；in common 共同；in danger 危险；in trouble 困境。前后语义转折，用 in fact 引出真相。完形高频短语，书面表达可直接用来转折，故选 A。 25 22. slim adj. 苗条的；薄的 基础用法：形容词；比较级 slimmer；最高级 slimmest；多形容人身材苗条。 固定搭配：a slim girl 身材苗条的女孩；slim body 苗条的身形 实用例句：She is tall and slim and she takes exercise every day to keep healthy. 她又高又苗条，并且每天锻炼保持健康。 She looks tall and ____. She keeps doing sports for half an hour every morning. A. lazy B. slim C. serious D. hard‑working 句意：她看上去又高又苗条。她每天早上坚持运动半小时。本题考查形容词词义辨析。slim 苗条的；lazy 懒惰的；serious 严肃的；hard‑working 勤奋的。描述人的外貌身材，tall and slim 固定搭配，阅读人物描写高频词，故选 B。 26 23. population n. 人口 基础用法：名词；表示整体人口，谓语常用单数；问人口多少用 what，不用 how many/much。 固定搭配：the population of …… 的人口；a large/small population 人口多 / 少 实用例句：What is the population of this small city? 这座小城市的人口是多少？ ‑____ is the population of your hometown? ‑It’s about five million. A. How many B. How much C. What D. How 句意：— 你家乡人口是多少？— 大约五百万。本题考查 population 固定疑问词。询问人口数量，疑问词只能用 what；不能用 how many/how much。形容人口多少用 large/small，不能用 much/little。这是中考单选高频易错点，很多学生误用 how many，故选 C。 27 24. average adj. 平均的；平常的 基础用法：形容词；名词 average 平均数；on average 平均来看。 固定搭配：average temperature 平均气温；on average 平均；the average of …… 的平均数 实用例句：On average, teenagers need eight hours’ sleep every night. 平均来看，青少年每晚需要八小时睡眠。 ____, each student spends more than two hours doing homework every day in this school. A. In fact B. On average C. By accident D. Thanks to 句意：平均来看，这所学校每个学生每天花超过两小时写作业。本题考查短语辨析。on average 平均来看；in fact 事实上；by accident 偶然；thanks to 归功于。on average 是阅读高频短语，用来引出平均数据，故选 B。 28 25. rainfall n. 降雨量 基础用法：不可数名词；表示降雨总量；中考科普阅读高频。 固定搭配：heavy rainfall 大雨；the rainfall of ……… 的降雨量 实用例句：The rainfall in southern China is much higher than that in northern China. 中国南方降雨量比北方大得多。 Because of plenty of ____, the plants in this area grow very well all year round. A. Population B. rainfall C. strength D. pleasure 句意：因为充沛的降雨量，这个地区的植物一年四季长势很好。本题考查名词词义辨析。rainfall 降雨量；population 人口；strength 力量；pleasure 乐事。根据 plants grow well 植物长势好，对应雨水充足，科普类阅读理解高频词汇，故选 B。 29 26. per prep. 每 基础用法：介词，后接名词；多用于数据、单位，书面语体。 固定搭配：per day 每天；per person 每人；per kilometre 每公里 实用例句：Students should sleep at least eight hours per day. 学生每天至少应该睡八小时。 The factory can produce five hundred boxes of goods ____ day. A. Per B. every C. each D. one 句意：这家工厂每天可以生产五百箱货物。本题考查介词 per。per day 每日，多用于数据统计书面表达；every day 侧重日常时间。科普阅读中描述数据经常用 per + 单位，阅读理解高频，故选 A。 30 27. pleasant adj. 宜人的；友好的 基础用法：形容词，修饰事物，令人愉快的；区分 pleased（人感到开心）。 固定搭配：a pleasant trip 一次令人愉快的旅行；pleasant weather 宜人的天气 实用例句：We had a very pleasant trip to the mountain last weekend. 上周末我们去山里度过一场十分愉快的旅行。 We enjoyed ____ weather and beautiful sights during our summer trip. A. Pleased B. pleasant C. pleasure D. please 句意：暑假旅行期间，我们享受宜人的天气和美丽风景。本题考查同根词辨析。pleasant 修饰事物，令人愉快的；pleased 修饰人，感到高兴的；pleasure 名词乐事；please 动词请。修饰 weather 事物，选用 pleasant。高频陷阱：区分‑ed 修饰人，‑ant 修饰物，故选 B。 31 28. alike adj. 相像的 adv. 相似地 基础用法：形容词作表语，不能放名词前作定语；副词相似地。 固定搭配：look alike 看上去长得像；think alike 想法相似 实用例句：The two sisters look so alike that many people can’t tell them apart. 这对姐妹看上去如此相像，很多人分不清楚她们。 The twin brothers look so ____ that few people can know who is who. A. similar B. alike C. same D. strange 句意：这对双胞胎兄弟看上去如此相像，几乎没有人分得清谁是谁。本题考查形容词辨析。look alike 长得相像；alike 只能作表语，不能修饰名词；similar 常用 be similar to；same 前面必须加 the。易错提醒：alike 不放在名词前面作定语，完形高频考点，故选 B。 32 29. interest n. 业余爱好；兴趣 v. 使感兴趣 基础用法：名词兴趣；动词使感兴趣；形容词 interested（人感到感兴趣）；interesting（事物有趣的）。 固定搭配：show interest in sth. 对…… 表现出兴趣；have an interest in 对…… 有兴趣；interest sb. 使某人感兴趣 实用例句：He has a great interest in science and he reads many science books in his spare time. 他对科学有浓厚兴趣，空闲时间读很多科普书籍。 The little boy shows great ____ in space science and he always watches science videos. A. interesting B. interested C. interest D. interests 句意：这个小男孩对太空科学表现出浓厚兴趣，他经常看科普视频。本题考查词性辨析。show great interest in sth. 固定短语，对…… 产生浓厚兴趣，interest 此处为不可数名词。interesting 修饰物；interested 修饰人。固定短语是单选、语法填空高频考点，故选 C。 33 30. difference n. 差异 基础用法：可数名词，复数 differences；形容词 different 不同的；副词 differently。 固定搭配：the difference between A and B A 与 B 之间的差异；make a difference 有影响，起作用 实用例句：Can you find out the differences between these two pictures? 你能找出这两张图片之间的不同之处吗？ There are many ____ between the twin sisters although they look similar. A. different B. differences C. difference D. difficulty 句意：尽管双胞胎姐妹看上去很像，她们之间还是存在很多差异。本题考查词形转换。many 后接可数名词复数；different 形容词；difference 名词，复数 differences。词形转换：different adj.→difference n. 差异，语法填空必考变形。make a difference（起作用，有影响）是书面表达高分短语，故选 B。 34 31. sense n. 理解力；感觉 基础用法：可数名词，复数 senses；动词 sense 感觉到。 固定搭配：a sense of humour 幽默感；a sense of direction 方向感；make sense 有道理 实用例句：He has a good sense of humour and he always makes us laugh. 他很有幽默感，总把我们逗笑。 He has a good ____ of humour, so he is very popular among his classmates. A. sense B. fact C. strength D. prize 句意：他很有幽默感，所以在同学当中很受欢迎。本题考查固定搭配 a sense of humour 幽默感。sense 理解力、感觉；fact 事实；strength 优势；prize 奖品。a sense of + 名词，“…… 感”，完形高频固定搭配，故选 A。 35 32. humour (=humor) n. 幽默；幽默感 基础用法：不可数名词；形容词 humorous 幽默的。 固定搭配：a sense of humour 幽默感；full of humour 充满幽默 实用例句：His speech is full of humour and all the listeners feel relaxed. 他的演讲充满幽默，所有听众都感到很放松。 The teacher with a good sense of ____ always makes his classes lively and interesting. A. humour B. pleasure C. strength D. difference 句意：这位富有幽默感的老师总是让课堂生动有趣。本题考查固定短语 a sense of humour 幽默感。humour 幽默；pleasure 愉快；strength 力量；difference 差异。词形转换 humour → humorous adj. 幽默的，语法填空高频变形，故选 A。 36 33. thanks to 归功于；由于；因为 基础用法：介词短语，后接名词 / 代词；引出原因，多引出好结果。区分 because of。 固定搭配：thanks to sb./sth. 多亏，由于 实用例句：Thanks to his hard work, he passed the difficult exam successfully. 多亏他的努力，他成功通过这场很难的考试。 ____ the help of my teachers, I have made great progress in my English study. A. Thanks to B. Thanks for C. Because D. Since 句意：多亏老师们的帮助，我的英语学习取得巨大进步。本题考查短语辨析。thanks to 多亏，由于（后接名词）；thanks for 因…… 感谢；because 连词，后面接完整句子；since 连词接句子。空格后面是 the help 名词短语，故选 thanks to。陷阱区分 thanks to（多亏）和 thanks for（感谢……），完形高频，故选 A。 37 34. less adj. 较少的adv. 较少地 pron. 较少；更少 基础用法：little 的比较级；修饰不可数名词；反义词 more。 固定搭配：less time 更少时间；less and less 越来越少；less than 少于 实用例句：If you waste less time, you will finish your task much earlier. 如果你少浪费一点时间，你就可以更早完成任务。 We should waste ____ water than before in order to protect our environment. A. little B. less C. few D. fewer 句意：为了保护环境，我们应该比以前更少浪费水。本题考查比较级。than 提示要用比较级；water 不可数名词，little 比较级 less；few/fewer 修饰可数名词复数。little‑less‑least；few‑fewer‑fewest，两组不规则变化必考，故选 B。 38 35. straightforward adj. 坦率的；简单的 基础用法：形容词；可修饰人（性格坦率）或者事物（事情简单）。 固定搭配：a straightforward person 坦率的人；a straightforward question 简单直白的问题 实用例句：He is a straightforward boy and he always tells us his real thoughts directly. 他是一个坦率的男孩，总是直接告诉我们他真实的想法。 He is a ____ man. He always speaks out what he really thinks without hiding anything. A. Straightforward B. lazy C. shy D. serious 句意：他是一个坦率的人，总是说出内心真实想法，毫不隐瞒。本题考查形容词词义辨析。straightforward 坦率的；lazy 懒惰的；shy 害羞的；serious 严肃的。根据 “speaks out what he really thinks 说出真实想法” 提示性格坦率，阅读人物性格描述词汇，故选 A。 39 36. opinion n. 看法；意见 基础用法：可数名词，复数 opinions。 固定搭配：in one’s opinion 在某人看来；one’s opinion on sth. 某人对某事的看法 实用例句：In my opinion, it is important for teenagers to develop some hobbies in their spare time. 在我看来，青少年在空闲时间培养一些爱好十分重要。 ____, students should take part in more outdoor activities to keep healthy. A. In fact B. In my opinion C. By accident D. Thanks to 句意：在我看来，学生应当多参加户外活动保持身体健康。本题考查短语辨析。in one’s opinion 在某人看来，用来引出个人观点；in fact 事实上；by accident 偶然；thanks to 多亏。书面表达写作文高频开头短语，完形、书面表达高频，故选 B。 40 37. make a mistake 犯错误 基础用法：动词短语；复数 make mistakes 犯多个错误。 固定搭配：make a mistake 犯错误；make mistakes 犯错误；make a mistake in sth. 在某方面犯错 实用例句：Don’t be afraid to make mistakes when you learn a new foreign language. 学习一门新外语的时候，不要害怕犯错误。 It’s normal for students ____ when they learn new knowledge. A. make a mistake B. to make mistakes C. making mistake D. made mistakes 句意：学生学习新知识的时候犯错误是很正常的。本题考查固定句型 It’s +adj.+for sb. to do sth.，it 作形式主语，真正主语是后面不定式 to do。因此选用 to make mistakes。mistake 可数名词，make mistakes 泛指犯错，要用复数。中考核心句型，单选高频，故选 B。 41 38. honest adj. 坦诚的；诚实的 基础用法：形容词；h 不发音，an honest boy；名词 honesty 诚实；反义词 dishonest 不诚实的。 固定搭配：an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩；be honest with sb. 对某人坦诚 实用例句：We should be honest with our parents and never tell lies to them. 我们应该对父母坦诚，永远不对他们说谎。 He is ____ honest boy and all of his teachers and classmates trust him very much. A. a B. an C. the D. / 句意：他是一名诚实的男孩，老师同学们都十分信任他。本题考查冠词。honest 首字母 h 不发音，音标元音音素开头，所以用 an。易错陷阱：很多同学看到 h 辅音字母，误用 a。反义词 dishonest 不诚实的，语法填空经常考 honest‑dishonest，故选 B。 42 39. direct adj. 率直的；直接的 基础用法：形容词；副词 directly 直接地；动词 direct 指导。 固定搭配：a direct answer 直接的答复；direct speech 直接引语 实用例句：He gave me a direct answer without thinking for a long time. 他没有思考很久，就给了我一个直接答复。 Please give me a ____ answer. Don’t talk about something else. A. direct B. shy C. lazy D. pleasant 句意：请给我一个直接的答复，不要谈论别的事情。本题考查形容词词义辨析。direct 直接的；shy 害羞的；lazy 懒惰的；pleasant 令人愉快的。根据 “Don’t talk about something else 不要聊别的” 提示要直接答复。词形转换 direct → directly adv. 直接地，语法填空高频，故选 A。 43 40. similarity n. 相似之处 基础用法：可数名词，复数 similarities；形容词 similar 相似的；固定 be similar to 与…… 相似。 固定搭配：similarities between A and B A 与 B 之间的相似之处 实用例句：You can find many similarities between these two traditional festivals. 你可以在这两个传统节日之间找到许多相似之处。 There are lots of ____ between the two cultures though they come from different countries. A. similarity B. similarities C. different D. difference 句意：虽然来自不同国家，这两种文化之间存在很多相似之处。本题考查名词复数。lots of 后接可数名词复数；similarity 相似之处，复数 similarities。形容词 similar，固定搭配 be similar to，完形高频。对比 difference 差异，是反义词，故选 B。 44 41. friendship n. 友谊；友情 基础用法：不可数名词；形容词 friendly 友好的。 固定搭配：true friendship 真正的友谊；develop friendship 建立友谊 实用例句：True friendship is more valuable than money for teenagers. 对青少年来说真正的友谊比金钱更加珍贵。 We should value our ____ between classmates and help each other all the time. A. friendship B. population C. rainfall D. personality 句意：我们应当珍惜同学之间的友谊，一直互相帮助。本题考查名词词义辨析。friendship 友谊；population 人口；rainfall 降雨量；personality 性格。词形转换 friend n. 朋友 → friendly adj. 友好的 → friendship n. 友谊，语法填空常考变形，故选 A。 45 42. character n. 人物；个性 基础用法：可数名词，复数 characters；两层含义：故事人物；性格个性。 固定搭配：main character 主要人物；a good character 良好品性 实用例句：The main character in this novel is a brave young boy. 这本小说的主要人物是一名勇敢的小男孩。 What do you think of the main ____ in this famous story? A. character B. pauper C. prize D. strength 句意：你如何看待这个著名故事里面的主要人物？本题考查名词词义辨析。character（故事）人物；pauper 贫民；prize 奖品；strength 优势。小说阅读高频词汇，同时还有 “性格” 含义，一词多义熟词生义考点，故选 A。 46 43. exchange v. & n. 交换 基础用法：动词 & 名词；可数名词复数 exchanges。 固定搭配：exchange A for B 用 A 交换 B；exchange ideas 交流想法；student exchange 学生交换 实用例句：We often exchange our different ideas when we finish group discussion. 小组讨论结束之后，我们经常交换彼此不同的想法。 We often ____ our opinions with our classmates during group work. A. expect B. exchange C. reach D. solve 句意：小组活动的时候我们经常和同学们交换观点。本题考查动词词义辨析。exchange 交换、交流；expect 期待；reach 到达；solve 解决。exchange opinions 交换观点，书面表达高分短语，故选 B。 47 44. accident n. 意外；（交通）事故 基础用法：可数名词，复数 accidents；短语 by accident 偶然；意外地。 固定搭配：traffic accident 交通事故；by accident 偶然；意外地 实用例句：He met a strange thing by accident when he took a walk in the park yesterday. 昨天他在公园散步的时候偶然遇到一件奇怪的事。 I met my old primary school teacher ____ when I walked along the street last Saturday. A. by accident B. thanks to C. in fact D. on average 句意：上周六我在街上散步的时候偶然遇见我小学的老老师。本题考查短语辨析。by accident 偶然；thanks to 多亏；in fact 事实上；on average 平均。by accident 是完形高频短语，不要和 because of 混淆，故选 A。 48 45. expect v. 预料；期待 基础用法：动词；名词 expectation 期待；固定 expect to do sth. 期待做某事。 固定搭配：expect to do sth. 期待做某事；expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事 实用例句：We expect to take part in the school‑organised summer camp next month. 我们期待下个月参加学校组织的夏令营。 All the students expect ____ a trip to the mountain during the coming holiday. A. have B. to have C. having D. had 句意：所有学生都期待在即将到来的假期去山里旅行。本题考查非谓语固定搭配 expect to do sth. 期待做某事。expect 后面只能接 to do 不定式，不能接 doing。高频动词固定搭配，语法填空必考，故选 B。 49 46. silver adj. 银色的 n. 银 基础用法：形容词银色的；名词银（不可数）；固定短语 silver lining 一线光明。 固定搭配：silver hair 银发；silver lining 一线光明 实用例句：There is a silver lining in every difficult situation. 困境之中总有一线希望。 The old lady has some ____ hair and she looks very kind. A. silver B. slim C. honest D. straightforward 句意：这位老奶奶有一头银发，看上去十分和蔼。本题考查形容词词义辨析。silver 银色的；slim 苗条的；honest 诚实的；straightforward 坦率的。silver hair 银发；固定习语 silver lining 一线光明，阅读完形经常出现，故选 A。 50 47. situation n. 情况；状况 基础用法：可数名词，复数 situations；侧重现实处境。 固定搭配：in this situation 在这种情况下；different situations 不同处境 实用例句：You should keep calm when you are in such a difficult situation. 当你处在如此艰难的处境，你应当保持冷静。 When you meet such a difficult ____, you should try to think of useful ways to solve it. A. situation B. friendship C. personality D. prize 句意：当你遇到这样艰难处境的时候，你要努力想出有用的办法去解决。本题考查名词词义辨析。situation 处境，情况；friendship 友谊；personality 性格；prize 奖品。in …situation 在…… 处境，完形高频词汇，故选 A。 51 48. care about 关心；担心 基础用法：动词短语；care for 照顾。 固定搭配：care about sb./sth. 关心、在意；care for 照顾 实用例句：Our parents always care about us no matter where we are. 无论我们身在何方，父母总是关心我们。 True friends will always ____ you when you meet difficulties. A. care about B. compare with C. solve for D. look like 句意：真正的朋友会在你遇到困难的时候一直关心你。本题考查短语辨析。care about 关心；compare with 与…… 比较；solve for 无此搭配；look like 看上去像。区分 care about 关心在意；care for 照顾，完形高频短语辨析，故选 A。 52 49. reach v. 伸手；达到 基础用法：动词；过去式 reached；及物动词，后面直接接地点，不加 to；固定 reach for 伸手触碰。 固定搭配：reach for 伸手触碰；reach + 地点 到达某地 实用例句：Please don’t reach for the dangerous things on the high shelf. 不要伸手去够高处架子上危险的物品。 When he ____ the small village, it was already dark outside. A. reached B. got C. arrived D. arrived in 句意：当他到达小村庄的时候，外面天已经黑了。本题考查 “到达” 近义词辨析。reach 及物动词，直接加地点；get 要搭配 to；arrive 搭配 at/in。village 小地点，arrive at。B、C 缺少介词；D arrive in 接大地点。reach for 伸手去够，是本单元短语，单选必考到达类动词辨析，故选 A。 53 50. touch v. 触动；触碰 基础用法：动词；过去式 touched；两层含义：物理触碰；情感触动。 固定搭配：touch sth. 触碰某物；be touched by 被…… 所感动 实用例句：We were deeply touched by his moving story. 我们被他感人的故事深深触动。 Please don’t ____ the wet paint on the wall, or your hands will get dirty. A. touch B. reach C. expect D. solve 句意：请不要触碰墙上未干的油漆，否则你的手会弄脏。本题考查动词词义辨析。touch 触碰；reach 到达；expect 期待；solve 解决。touch 既可以表示物理触碰，也可以表示情感上被触动，一词多义阅读高频，故选 A。 54 51. lend (sb.) a hand 帮助（某人） 基础用法：动词短语，同义 help sb.；lend 过去式 lent。 固定搭配：lend sb a hand = lend a hand to sb. 帮助某人 实用例句：I will lend you a hand if you have difficulty finishing the hard work. 如果你完成这份艰难工作有困难，我会帮你一把。 Whenever my classmates are in trouble, I am always ready to ____. A. lend them a hand B. compare with them C. reach for them D. care about them 句意：每当我的同学遇到麻烦，我总是乐意帮他们一把。本题考查固定短语。lend sb. a hand 帮助某人；compare with 与…… 比较；reach for 伸手够；care about 关心。lend‑lent 不规则变形，语法填空经常考过去式，故选 A。 55 Practice 1．You shouldn’t say bad words about someone just because of their _____________ (外表). 2．________ ________ the vets, Lingling’s cat is getting better now. (幸亏) 3．Matt and I shared similar ________ (兴趣) when we were little kids. 4．He is a _____________ (率直的) man and always speaks out his true thoughts. 5．It’s important to have a sense of _____________ (幽默) especially in stressful situations． 6．Life becomes richer when you learn to _________ (分享) with others. 7．Though she hated _____________ (表演) alone on the stage, her friends’ cheers gave her courage. 8．__________ (除了) bringing us joy, traveling broadens our horizons in many ________ (方式). 9．Doing exercise every day will ___________________to our health. (产生影响) 10．After-school activities help students gain more skills and teach them to __________ others. (关心) 11．Claire and I ______one thing ____________: We are both good at swimming.(有……共同之处) appearance Thanks to interests straightforward humor share performing Besides ways make a difference care about have in common 56 Practice 12．We _____________ (交换) gifts and stories at the end-of-year party. 13．The main _____________ (人物) in this movie face a difficult situation but never give up. 14．You should always be _____________ (诚实) with your friends, even if the truth is hard. 15．We all love fruits, _____________ (尤其) strawberries. 16．I am _____________ (坦率的) and always tell the truth. 17．She is more _____________（外向的）than her sister. 18．The _____________ (人口) of this city is very large. 19．Please speak _____________ (大声地) so everyone can hear you. 20．He is _____________ (懒惰的) and never does housework. 21．We should _____________ (尊重) each other’s differences. 22．The _____________ (平均的) age of the students in this class is 13. exchange characters honest especially straightforward outgoing population loudly lazy respect average 57 Practice 23．Cycling isn’t as _____________ (excite) as climbing, but both of them are interesting. 24．My father enjoys _____________ (watch) football matches on weekends. 25．There is a big _____________ (different) in color of these two shirts. 26．The whole city looks beautiful all year round, _____________ (especial) in spring with blooming flowers. 27．This box is much _____________ (heavy), isn’t it? 28．Linda is much ____________________ (hard-working) than Anna. She always gets better grades. 29．After months of exercise, she looks _____________ (slim) than before. 30．Do you think you are _____________ (outgoing) than your father? You have so many friends. 31．In a true _____________ (friend), sharing feelings makes us closer. 32．My friend’s kind words always _____________ (touch) my heart when we talk freely. exciting watching difference especially heavier more hard-working slimmer more outgoing friendship touch 58 谢 谢 观 看 Unit 3 Same or Different? 词汇天地 新人教版初中英语8年级（上） 鸟之诗 V.A. 最新热歌慢摇66, track 1 206431.92 XXX - 163 key(Don't modify):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 $