内容正文:
新人教版/英语/八年级
语 法 专 项
Unit 2
Home Sweet Home
人教版新教材 语法点
Unit 1 Happy Holiday 不定代词 (普通不定代词/复合不定代词)
Unit 2 Home Sweet Home 情态动词
Unit 3 Same or Different? 形容词和副词比较级
Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals 形容词和副词最高级
Unit 5 What a Delicious Meal! 副词的顺序和感叹句的构成和用法
Unit 6 Plan for Yourself “be going to ” 结构
Unit 7 When Tomorrow Comes 一般将来时will 的用法
Unit 8 Let’s Communicate! if 引导的条件状语从句
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CONTENT
目录
情态代词
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2
3
课后练习
拓展练习
01
情态代词
情态代词
情态动词表示说话人的语气、态度(能力、许可、推测、义务、建议、意愿等),不能单独作谓语,后面必须接动词原形。
常见情态动词包括 can /could,may /might,must,will /would,shall /should,need,dare,ought to,had better,used to,would rather。
①Some tourists can find somewhere quiet to enjoy the beautiful scenery.
一些游客能够找到安静的地方欣赏美景。
②Few of us should know something about this ancient village before the vacation.
假期之前,我们几乎所有人都应当对这个古村落有所了解。
③Neither of the two camps must offer everything that you expect.
这两个营地都不必提供你所期待的一切。
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④You had better take enough water when you travel to the ancient village.
当你去古村落旅行时,你最好带上足够的水。
⑤He used to visit some old towns during his holiday.
他过去常常在假期游览一些古老的小镇。
⑥I would rather stay in the hotel than go out on rainy days.
下雨天我宁愿待在旅馆也不愿外出。
⑦You may take some photos of the ancient village if you like.
如果你愿意,你可以给这座古村落拍些照片。
⑧You need keep quiet when you walk around the old houses.
在老房子周边游览时,你需要保持安静。
情态代词
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can /could 是最常用的情态动词,后接动词原形;can 多用于现在时,could 是 can 的过去式,也可用于委婉语气。
无人称变化,否定:can’t = cannot;couldn’t
情态代词
1. 表示能力:能够、会
I can find somewhere quiet to enjoy the beautiful scenery. 我能够找到一处安静的地方欣赏美景。
He could swim when he was ten years old. 他十岁的时候就会游泳。
2. 表示许可:可以(口语)
You can take photos of the ancient village. 你可以给古村落拍照。
3. could 表委婉请求(比 can 语气更客气)
Could you tell me the way to the town? 你能告诉我去小镇的路吗?
4. 表示推测,多用于否定句、疑问句,不可能 ‑ It can’t be true. 这不可能是真的。
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否定形式
can’t (cannot) 不能;couldn’t 过去不能 ‑ It rained heavily, so we couldn’t go sightseeing.
雨下得很大,所以我们不能出去观光。
情态代词
即学即练
—Could I travel to the old town with you this weekend?
—Sorry, you ____. You have to prepare for your coming exam.
A. couldn’t
B. can’t
C. needn’t
D. wouldn’t
问句中 Could I…不是过去时态,是委婉礼貌请求。
回答时不能用 could/couldn’t,要改用 can /can’t。
needn’t 意为 “不必”,不符合语境;wouldn’t 表不会。
句意:—— 这周末我可以和你一起去古镇旅行吗?
—— 抱歉,不行。你必须准备即将到来的考试。
√
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may /might 为情态动词,后接动词原形。
may 多用于现在;might 是 may 的过去式,也可表语气更加委婉、可能性更低。
否定:may not(不可以;可能不);might not(可能不)
注意:may 的否定表 “禁止、不许” 时,常用 mustn’t,不用 may not。
情态代词
1. 表示许可:可以(正式、礼貌)
You may take photos of the ancient village. 你可以给这座古村落拍照。
May I enter the old house? 我可以进入这座老房子吗?
回答: 肯定:Yes, you may. / Yes, you can. 否定:No, you mustn’t.(禁止,不许)
2. 表示推测:可能、也许(肯定句,可能性中等)
It may rain this afternoon. We had better stay in the hotel. 今天下午可能会下雨,我们最好待在旅馆。
The tourists might get lost in the mountains. 游客们也许会在山里迷路。(might 可能性比 may 更低)
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情态代词
3. might 用于过去,may 的过去形式
He said that he might visit the camp during the vacation. 他说假期里他也许会去参观营地。
4. 祝愿(固定句式 May you… 祝你……)
May you have a wonderful trip! 祝你旅途愉快!
即学即练
—Look! Someone is knocking at the door. Who ____ it be?
—It ____ be the tourist. He planned to arrive here today, but I’m not sure.
A. may; must
B. can; may
C. must; might
D. can’t; should
疑问句中表推测用can;may/might 一般不用于推测疑问句。
后文but I’m not sure(我不太确定),说明是不确定的推测,用may(也许)。
must 表示 “一定”,语气过于肯定;can’t 表 “不可能”;should 表 “应该”,均和语境不符。
句意:—— 看!有人在敲门。会是谁呢?—— 也许是那位游客。他计划今天到这儿,但我不太确定。
√
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must 为情态动词,后接动词原形。表示必须;一定;
否定:mustn’t(禁止,不许);
注意:以must提问的一般疑问句,否定回答要用needn’t / don’t have to(不必),不能用mustn’t。
情态代词
1. 表示义务、命令:必须
You must keep quiet inside the ancient village museum.
你必须在古村落博物馆内保持安静。
Must I hand in the travel report today? 我今天必须上交旅行报告吗?
回答:肯定:Yes, you must.
否定:No, you needn’t ./ No, you don’t have to.(不必)
Tip: 否定回答不能用 mustn’t,mustn’t 含义是 “禁止”。
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情态代词
2. 表示肯定推测:一定、想必(只用在肯定句)
The light is on. He must be staying in the hotel. 灯亮着,他一定待在旅馆里。
3. mustn’t 表示禁止、不准
You mustn’t pick flowers in the scenic area. 你不许在景区采摘花朵。
即学即练
—Must we arrive at the camp before 8 o’clock? —No, you ____. You can get there before nine.
A. mustn’t
B. needn’t
C. can’t
D. shouldn’t
must 引导的问句,否定回答用 needn’t /don’t have to,表示 “不必”。
mustn’t 意为 “禁止、不许”,不能用来回答 must 问句;
can’t 不能够;shouldn’t 不应该,均不符合语境。
句意:—— 我们必须八点之前到达营地吗?—— 不,不必。你们九点之前到那里就可以。
√
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will / would : 情态动词,后接动词原形。
will多用于现在;would 是 will 的过去式,也可用于委婉请求、意愿表达。
否定:will not = won’t;would not = wouldn’t
注意:would用于委婉问句时,回答要用will,不用would。
情态代词
1. 表示将来、意愿:将要、会(will)
We will visit the ancient town tomorrow. 我们明天将要游览这座古镇。
I will try my best to enjoy the trip. 我会尽全力好好享受这次旅行。
2. 表示过去将来;过去的意愿(would)
He said he would camp near the mountain during the vacation.
他说假期期间他会在山边露营。
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情态代词
3. would 用于委婉礼貌请求
Would you please show me the way to the camp? 能否请你告诉我去营地的路?
回答:肯定:Yes, I will. 否定:Sorry, I won’t.
4. 表示过去习惯性动作(would 过去常常)
When I was young, I would travel to old villages every summer.
我小时候,每年夏天都会去古村落旅行。
即学即练
—Would you please take some photos for me in front of the old building? —Sure, I ____.
A. Would B. will C. won’t D. wouldn’t
√
Would you please… 是委婉请求句型,问句用 would 表客气,但答句要用will,不用 would。
won’t(将不会)、wouldn’t(不会,过去)均和答句 sure(当然)语义矛盾。
句意:—— 可以请你在老建筑前帮我拍几张照片吗?—— 当然,我会的。
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shall / should 为情态动词,后接动词原形。
shall多用于第一人称,表示提议、征求意见;should多用于现在,表建议、应当;should是shall的过去式。
否定:shall not = shan’t;should not = shouldn’t
注意:should表“应当”,侧重提出劝告;shall多用于问句,主要和I / we连用。
1. shall 用于第一人称 (I/we) 疑问句,征求对方意见、提出建议
Shall we go to the ancient village for our vacation? 我们假期去古村落好吗?
Shall I carry your heavy bag for you? 要我帮你拎重包吗?
回答
肯定:Yes, please. / Good idea. 否定:No, you needn’t. / Sorry, please don’t.
either of,谓语 is 用单数
neither of,表两者全部否定,谓语用单数
情态代词
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情态代词
2. should 表示劝告、建议:应该,应当
You should keep away from the dangerous rocks in the scenic area. 在景区你应该远离危险的岩石。
3. should 作为 shall 的过去式,用于宾语从句
‑ The guide said we should arrive at the camp before sunset. 导游说我们应该在日落前到达营地。
4. should 可表推测:按道理应该
It is 10 o’clock. They should get to the old town soon. 十点了,他们按道理很快就该到达古镇了。
即学即练
—____ we set off for the camp right now? —Good idea. We ____ take enough water with us.
A. Shall; should B. Should; shall
C. Will; would D. Would; should C. won’t
√
第一空后面主语为 we,征求意见用 Shall we… 意为 “我们…… 好吗”;
第二空表达劝告 “应该”,使用 should。
shall 主要用于 I/we 的疑问句,不用于陈述句;will/would 语义不符合征求建议的语境。
句意:—— 我们现在动身去营地好吗?—— 好主意。我们应该带上足够的水。
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need 既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词。作情态动词:后接动词原形,多用于否定句、疑问句;
作实义动词:后接to do,有人称、时态变化,肯定句常用。
否定:情态动词:needn’t(不必);实义动词:don’t/doesn’t/didn’t need to
注意:must引导问句的否定回答,常用needn’t / don’t have to,表“不必”。
作情态动词:need 必要、需要(多用于否定、疑问句)
You needn’t take too many things when you travel to the ancient village.
去古村落旅行时,你不必带太多东西。
Need I finish the travel notes right now? 我需要立刻写完旅行笔记吗?
回答: 肯定:Yes, you must.
否定:No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.
情态代词
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情态代词
2. 作实义动词:need to do sth 需要做某事(肯定句常用,有人称变化)
‑ Tourists need to keep quiet when visiting the old houses. 游客参观老房屋时需要保持安静。
‑ He needs to buy a map before he goes to the town. 他去小镇之前需要买一张地图。
辨析:
You needn’t go.(情态动词,你不必去) You don’t need to go.(实义动词,你不必去)
You need go.(肯定句一般不把 need 用作情态动词)
即学即练
—Must we prepare all the things for the camp today?
—No, you ____. You can finish them tomorrow.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t
C. can’t D. shouldn’t
√
must 引导的一般疑问句,否定回答用needn’t / don’t have to,表示 “不必”。
mustn’t 表示 “禁止、不许”,不能用于 must 问句的否定回答;
can’t 不能够;shouldn’t 不应该,均不符合语境。
句意:—— 我们今天必须准备好营地所需的全部物品吗?—— 不,不必。你们可以明天完成。
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dare 既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词。作情态动词:后接动词原形,多用于否定句、疑问句,极少用于肯定句;作实义动词:后接to do,有人称、时态变化,可用于肯定、否定、疑问句。
否定:情态动词:daren’t(不敢);实义动词:don’t/doesn’t/didn’t dare (to)
注意:dare作实义动词时,否定句中to可以省略。
1. 作情态动词:dare 敢(多用于否定句、疑问句)
She daren’t walk through the dark forest near the ancient village alone.
她不敢独自穿过古村落附近漆黑的树林。
Dare he climb up the high mountain beside the camp?
他敢攀登营地旁边那座高山吗?
回答: 肯定:Yes, he dare. 否定:No, he daren’t.
情态代词
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情态代词
2.作实义动词:dare (to) do sth 敢做某事(有人称时态变化)
‑ Few tourists dare to go into the old cave at night. 几乎没有游客敢在夜晚进入这个古老山洞。
‑ He didn’t dare (to) tell the guide about his mistake. 他不敢把自己的失误告诉导游。
辨析:
✅He daren’t go out.(情态动词,他不敢出去) He doesn’t dare (to) go out.
He dare go there.(肯定句一般不把 dare 用作情态动词)
即学即练
He ____ cross the dangerous river alone, so he waited for other tourists.
A. dare not B. daren’t to
C. didn’t dare to D. doesn’t dare
√
由 waited 可知句子为一般过去时。dare 作情态动词多用于否定、疑问,一般不用于过去时的陈述句;daren’t 后面直接加动词原形,不能加 to,排除 B;
A 选项 dare not 为现在时态情态动词形式,时态不匹配;
didn’t dare to 此处 dare 是实义动词,符合一般过去时语境。
句意:他不敢独自渡过这条危险的河流,所以他等候其他游客。
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ought to 为情态动词短语,后接动词原形。 表示劝告、责任,意为“应该”,语气比should更强。
否定:ought not to = oughtn’t to
注意:ought to 变疑问、否定时,to不能省略;没有人称和时态变化。
1. 表示劝告、义务:应该(侧重责任、道义)
You ought to respect the local customs when you visit the ancient village.
游览古村落时,你应当尊重当地的风俗习惯。
‑ We ought to take good care of the old buildings in the scenic area.
我们应当爱护景区内的古老建筑。
2. 表示推测:理应、照理应该
It is already noon. They ought to arrive at the camp. 已经中午了,他们理应到达营地了。
情态代词
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情态代词
句式变换
Ought we to leave for the old town right now? 我们应当现在动身去古镇吗?
否定:You oughtn’t to throw rubbish everywhere. 你不应该到处乱扔垃圾。
辨析:ought to vs should
二者大多时候可以互换;ought to更强调道义、责任;should侧重普通劝告建议。
即学即练
You ____ protect the ancient houses. They are our cultural treasure.
A. ought to B. ought not to
C. need D. dare
√
ought to 后接动词原形,表示 “应该”,侧重道义责任。
ought not to 意为 “不应该”,语义和本句相反;
need 作情态动词多用于疑问、否定;dare 含义 “敢”,语境不通。
句意:你应该保护这些古老房屋。它们是我们的文化瑰宝。
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had better 为情态短语,后接动词原形。 意为“最好”,用于给对方提出劝告、警告;没有人称变化,不受时态影响。否定:had better not (do sth) 最好不要做某事
注意:had可缩写为 ’d;否定形式 not 必须放在better之后,不能加to。
1. 表示劝告、忠告:最好(用来给出建议、提醒)
You had better take enough water before you go into the mountains.
进山之前,你最好带上充足的水。
We’d better set off early, or we will miss the beautiful sights.
我们最好早点出发,否则会错过美丽的景色。
You had better wear comfortable shoes when you go travelling.
你去旅行的时候最好穿上舒适的鞋子。
情态代词
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情态代词
2. had better not do sth 最好不要做某事
‑You had better not take photos inside the old museum.
你最好不要在古博物馆里面拍照。
辨析:had better 语气强于 should,多用于直接提醒、告诫;没有过去含义,用来指现在或将来。
即学即练
You ____ stay outside. It’s going to rain heavily.
A. had better not
B. had not better
C. hadn’t better to
D. had better to
√
had better 后接动词原形,否定结构为 had better not do,not 放在 better 后面。
不存在 had not better、hadn’t better to 这类结构;had better 后面不能加 to。
句意:你最好不要待在外面,马上要下大雨了。
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used to : 情态短语,后接动词原形。表示过去常常做某事(现在已经不再这样),只用于过去时态。
否定:used not to = usedn’t to;didn’t use to
注意:只描述过去的习惯/状态,**不能用于现在**;区别于be used to(习惯于)、be used to do(被用来做)。
1. 表示过去常常(过去的习惯、状态,现在已经不如此)
He used to visit this ancient village every summer. 他过去每年夏天都来游览这座古村落。
Tourists used to camp by the lake near the town.
游客们过去常常在小镇旁边的湖边露营。
2. 否定句式
‑They didn’t use to take so many photos when travelling. 他们过去旅行时不常拍这么多照片。
She usedn’t to walk around the old streets at night. 她过去不常在老街上夜游。
情态代词
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情态代词
3. 一般疑问句
‑ Used you to live in the old town?= Did you use to live in the old town?你过去住在这座古镇吗?
易混辨析
① used to do:过去常常做(现在不做) ② be used to doing:习惯于做某事(to 是介词,后接 doing) ③ be used to do:被用来做某事(被动语态)
即学即练
My uncle ____ travel to mountain villages, but now he likes staying at home.
A. used to
B. is used to
C. was used to
D. uses to
√
used to do 表示 “过去常常做某事,现在不再做”,和后文 but now 形成对比。
be used to doing 意为 “习惯于……”,后接动名词;be used to do 是被动 “被用来做”;不存在 uses to 结构。
句意:我的叔叔过去常常去山村旅行,但是现在他喜欢待在家里。
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would rather为情态短语,后接动词原形。意为“宁愿,宁可”,表达主观偏好;would可缩写为 ’d。否定:would rather not do sth. 宁愿不做某事
注意:固定搭配 would rather do A than do B 宁愿做A也不愿做B;than后面也接动词原形,不能加to。
1. would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事
I would rather stay in the hotel on rainy travel days.
旅行遇到下雨天,我宁愿待在旅馆。
‑She’d rather visit the ancient village alone. 她宁愿独自游览这座古村落。
2. would rather not do sth. 宁愿不做某事
We would rather not go climbing on such a hot day. 这么热的天,我们宁愿不去爬山。
情态代词
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情态代词
3. would rather do A than do B 宁愿做 A,也不愿做 B
He would rather camp in the mountains than stay in the noisy town.
他宁愿在山里露营,也不愿待在喧闹的小镇。
辨析:
would rather 后全部接动词原形;than 连接并列动作,than 之后也必须用动词原形,切忌加 to。
即学即练
I ____ out,I would rather ____ at the camp.
A. would rather not go; stay
B. wouldn’t rather go; stay
C. would rather not to go; to stay
D. wouldn’t rather to go; staying
√
would rather 的否定形式为 would rather not do,not 放在 rather 之后;
would rather do A than do B 结构中,would rather 和 than 后面都接动词原形,不能加 to。
不存在 wouldn’t rather do 结构;to do、staying 形式均不符合语法。
句意:我不想出去,我宁愿待在营地。
28
02
课后练习
课后练习
R:主语 you,请求对方干活( 请求别人做事)
P:主语 I,请求允许自己出去玩( 请求许可自己做)
P:主语 I,请求允许自己放花(请求许可自己做)
R:主语 you,请求对方帮忙(请求别人做事)
请问你可以扫一下地吗?好的,爸爸。我马上就做。
午饭后我可以和我的朋友们出去玩吗?抱歉,吉姆,但是你必须先收拾好你的东西。我可以把一些花放在桌子上吗?可以,好主意!
你能帮我挂上这些照片吗?当然。/ 没问题!
课后练习
A. 你现在能捎我去镇上吗?
B. 我可以在外面待到十一点吗?
C. 莱克老师,我可以去洗手间吗?
D. 我可以用一下你的电脑吗?
C
D
B
A
课后练习
A: Could I look at your class notes? B: Sure, here you are.
A: Could you please help me open the door? B: No problem.
A: Can you bring gloves and rubbish bags? B: OK, I will.
03
拓展练习
拓展练习
单项选择
1.It is too noisy in the classroom. I ________ hear what the teacher is saying clearly.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
2.Tony is very good at Chinese and ________ write beautiful essays.
A.need B.must C.can D.should
3.— Can you play the drums? — _________. But I can’t play it well.
A.Yes, you can. B.Yes, I can. C.No, I can’t. D.No, you can’t.
4.—Could I use your dictionary? —Of course you ________. Here you are.
A.could B.can C.must D.need
5.—_________ I hang out with my friends after dinner, Mom?
—Yes, you can, but come back before nine o’clock.
A.Must B.Should C.Could D.Need
拓展练习
6.Mr. Richard is on time for everything. How ________ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?
A.would B.could C.may D.must
7.—________ I borrow your dictionary? Mine is at home. —Sure. Here it is.
A.Must B.Should C.May D.Need
8.Staying up late every night ________ make you have a bad stomachache.
A.may B.is C.has D.are
9.May all your wishes _________ true.
A.come B.comes C.to come D.coming
10.If we don’t stop cutting down trees, the ecological balance ________ be destroyed.
A.must B.should C.might D.need
11.—Is there a concert in Nanjing next week?—There ___ be one. But you’d better use the Internet to make sure.
A.might B.can C.will D.must
拓展练习
12.—Where is your mother? —She________ be cooking in the kitchen, but I’m not sure.
A.must B.can C.need D.might
13.—Must I clean the tools right now? —No, you _______. You can do it tomorrow.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t
14.You _______ smoke in the classroom. It’s against the rule.
A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t
15.—Could you tell me how much you make an hour?
—If you ________ know, I make $20.00 an hour.
A.will B.shall C.must D.need
16.The diary with teenage growth notes _____ belong to Lisa. I saw her write down her worries in it this morning.
A.can’t B.might C.could D.must
拓展练习
17._______ we make a birthday card for our grandma? It will be a nice gift.
A.Will B.Shall C.Must D.Need
18.—________ I memorize 20 words a day?
—Yes, it’s a good habit.
A.Must B.Should C.Need D.Would
19.He left home an hour ago, so he _________ get to the station on time. The train leaves in two hours.
A.mustn’t B.should C.can’t D.might not
20.We ________ help our parents with housework at home. It’s our responsibility.
A.should B.could C.may D.would
21.—Could you please take out the rubbish?
—OK, I ________ do it right away.
A.can B.could C.am D.will
拓展练习
22.You had better ________ away reusable things only for convenience.
A.not throw B.to not throw C.not throwing D.not thrown
23.You had better ________ the old stories only because they are out‑of‑date.
A.not ignore B.to not ignore C.not ignoring D.not ignored
24.You _______ tell your parents about your problems. They can give you useful advice.
A.ought to B.mustn’t C.can’t D.needn’t
25.You ________ keep the water running all the time, because you’re wasting water.
A.ought to B.ought not to C.ought not
26.You ________ take more exercise to keep healthy.
A.ought to B.can’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t
27.Quiet, please! This is a reading room. You ________ speak in a low voice.
A.can B.can’t C.should
新人教版/英语/八年级
THE END
Unit 2
Home Sweet Home
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98248.305
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eng - iTunSMPB
00000000 00000210 00000916 000000000042115A 00000000 003BD65E 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000�
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