Unit 2 Stay healthy.语法精讲精练 2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级下册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了反身代词和情态动词should/could表建议的核心语法体系。从反身代词的定义、构成规律、三大用法及高频固定短语入手，进而系统讲解should/could表建议的用法，归纳初中阶段七大提建议句型及答语，构建从基础语法到实际应用的学习支架。 知识链路按“概念-用法-拓展-应用”逻辑清晰呈现，反身代词部分配构成规律表格和记忆口诀，should/could部分汇总提建议句型对比表及答语。典型例题精讲突出易错点分析，分层练习覆盖不同难度，答案解析详细。通过结构化梳理和情境化练习，提升学生语言应用能力和思维品质，培养科学学习策略。

人教版八下 Unit 2 Stay healthy.语法精讲精练 —— 反身代词 & should/could 表建议 —— 使用说明 本讲义包含两个八年级上册核心语法点：第一部分系统讲解反身代词的定义、八个反身代词的构成规律、作宾语/表语/同位语的三大用法以及高频固定短语；第二部分系统梳理情态动词 should/could 表示提议、建议与请求的用法，并归纳初中阶段七大提建议句型及其答语。两部分均配典型例题与分层练习，答案与解析统一附于文末，可直接用于课堂教学与同步检测。 第一部分 反身代词 一、反身代词的定义 反身代词是表示「……自己；……本身；亲自」含义的一类代词，用来指代句子中的主语本身，即动作的承受者与发出者是同一个（些）人或事物。 二、反身代词的构成 第一、第二人称反身代词由「形容词性物主代词 + -self/-selves」构成；第三人称反身代词由「人称代词宾格 + -self/-selves」构成。单数词尾为 -self，复数词尾为 -selves。 人称 单数（……自己） 复数（……自己） 构成规律 第一人称 myself（我自己） ourselves（我们自己） my/our + self/selves 第二人称 yourself（你自己） yourselves（你们自己） your/your + self/selves 第三人称 himself（他自己）/herself（她自己）/itself（它自己） themselves（他/她/它们自己） him/her/it/them + self/selves 【注】记忆口诀：单数 -self，复数 -selves；一、二人称用物主代词（my/your/our），第三人称用宾格（him/her/it/them）。 三、反身代词的三大用法 用法1：作动词或介词的宾语 当动作返回到主语本身、宾语与主语指同一人或事物时，用反身代词作宾语。 Maria bought herself a scarf. 玛丽亚给自己买了一条围巾。（动词间接宾语） The little boy can dress himself. 这个小男孩会自己穿衣服。 She said to herself, "Where am I?" 她自言自语道：「我这是在哪儿？」（介词宾语） Please help yourself to some fish. 请随便吃点鱼。 用法2：作表语 反身代词放在 be 动词等系动词后作表语，说明主语所处的状态，表语与主语指同一人。 She isn't quite herself today. 她今天身体/情绪不太对劲。 I'll be myself again in no time. 我很快就会恢复过来的。 用法3：作主语或宾语的同位语（加强语气） 反身代词紧跟在被强调的名词或代词之后（也可放句末），意为「亲自、本人」，用来加强语气，去掉后句子仍然成立。 You had better ask the driver himself. 你最好问问司机本人。（宾语同位语） I myself repaired the bike. = I repaired the bike myself. 我自己（亲自）修好了自行车。（主语同位语） 四、反身代词高频固定短语 短语 含义 例句 enjoy oneself 玩得高兴 = have fun / have a good time They enjoyed themselves at the party. teach oneself sth. = learn sth. by oneself 自学…… He taught himself English. = He learned English by himself. hurt oneself 伤到自己 Be careful not to hurt yourself. say to oneself 心里想；自言自语 "I can do it," he said to himself. help oneself to sth. 自取、随便吃/喝…… Help yourselves to some fruit, kids. look after oneself = take care of oneself 照顾自己 She can look after herself. leave sb. by oneself = leave sb. alone 把某人独自留下 Don't leave the baby by himself. by oneself 独自地；单独地 = alone I finished the work by myself. for oneself 亲自；为自己 You can see it for yourself. come to oneself 苏醒过来 The patient came to himself at last. 五、使用反身代词的注意事项 【易错警示】反身代词不能单独作主语，只能作主语的同位语加强语气。不能说 *Myself did it.，必须说 I did it myself. / I myself did it. 【易错警示】并列主语中不能用反身代词代替人称代词：不能说 *Li Ming and myself went there.，应为 Li Ming and I went there. 【注】反身代词作同位语时，单复数必须与它所强调的名词一致：The students themselves cleaned the classroom.（themselves 对应 students）。 第二部分 情态动词 should / could 表示提议或建议 一、should 表示建议、义务与劝告 should 意为「应该；应当；可以」，用于表达职责、义务或向对方提出劝告、建议，表述的是说话人的主观看法。后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + should + 动词原形 I think you should lie down and rest. 我认为你应该躺下休息。 否定句 主语 + should not (shouldn't) + 动词原形，意为「不应当、不该」 You shouldn't take such risks. 你不该冒这样的险。 一般疑问句 Should + 主语 + 动词原形？ Should I tell her the truth? 我应该告诉她真相吗？ 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + should + 主语 + 动词原形？ What should I do? 我该怎么办？ 二、could 表示委婉请求与建议 ① 用于有礼貌地向对方提出请求，比 can 更委婉、客气，不表示过去时态。 Could you please take the dog for a walk? 请你去遛一下狗好吗？ ② 用于提出建议，意为「可以、不妨」，语气比 can 更委婉。 We could write a letter to the writer. 我们不妨给这位作家写封信。 【注】回答 Could you (please)...? 请求时，肯定用 Sure. / Certainly. / Of course. / Yes, sure.；委婉否定用 Sorry, I can't. / I'm afraid I can't.（回答时用 can，不用 could）。 三、初中阶段七大「提建议」句型汇总（重点） 句型 含义 谓语形式 例句 Should/Could do...? 应该/可以做……吗？ 动词原形 You should see a dentist. We could ask for help. Would you like to do sth.? 你愿意/想要做某事吗？ to do Would you like to play basketball with me? Shall we/I do sth.? 我们/我做……好吗？ 动词原形 Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? Why don't you do sth.? = Why not do sth.? 为什么不做……呢？ 动词原形 Why don't you join us? = Why not join us? How/What about doing sth.? 做某事怎么样？ doing How about going swimming? Let's (not) do sth. 让我们（不要）做……吧 动词原形 Let's go home. Let's not waste time. You'd better (not) do sth. 你最好（不要）做…… 动词原形 You'd better not go there alone. 【易错警示】建议句型谓语形式最易混：about 是介词，后接 doing（How about swimming?）；would like 后接 to do；Why not / Shall we / Let's / had better / should 后一律接动词原形。 四、提建议的常用答语 态度 常用答语 赞同 Good idea! / That's a good idea. / Sounds great! / Great! / OK. / All right. / Why not? / I'd love/like to. / Sure. / Certainly. 委婉不赞同 I'm afraid not. / I don't think so. / Sorry, I can't. / I'd love to, but... / Maybe another time. 五、典型例题精讲 【例1】The little girl is too young to look after ______. A. her B. herself C. hers D. she 【答案】B 【解析】look after oneself 照顾自己，宾语与主语 the little girl 同一人，用反身代词 herself，故选 B。 【例2】—Who taught ______ to swim? —Nobody. I learned it by ______. A. you; me B. your; myself C. you; myself D. yourself; me 【答案】C 【解析】teach sb. sth. 中 sb. 作宾语用宾格 you；by oneself 独自地，固定搭配用 myself，故选 C。 【例3】You ______ drive after drinking. It's too dangerous. A. should B. shouldn't C. need D. couldn't 【答案】B 【解析】酒后驾车是「不应该」做的事，用 shouldn't 表劝告，故选 B。 【例4】—Why not ______ to the movies with us tonight? —Good idea! A. go B. to go C. going D. went 【答案】A 【解析】Why not + 动词原形表示建议，故选 A。 【例5】How about ______ a rest after such a long walk? A. take B. to take C. taking D. took 【答案】C 【解析】How/What about + doing sth.，about 为介词后接动名词，故选 C。 第三部分 综合演练 一、单项选择（每小题1分，共16分） 1. Be careful! Don't hurt ______ when you climb the hill, children. A. you B. yourself C. yourselves D. them 2. The box is not heavy. I can carry it by ______. A. me B. my C. mine D. myself 3. —Did you enjoy ______ at the party last night? —Yes, we had great fun. A. yourself B. yourselves C. ourselves D. themselves 4. Nobody helped the old man. He did all the work ______. A. he B. him C. himself D. his 5. Help ______ to some cakes, Lucy and Lily. A. yourself B. yourselves C. themselves D. ourselves 6. My little brother is old enough to dress ______ now. A. him B. himself C. his D. he 7. The story ______ is very interesting. You'd better read it. A. it B. its C. itself D. it's 8. You look tired. You ______ go to bed early tonight. A. should B. shouldn't C. needn't D. can't 9. Students ______ spend too much time on mobile phones. A. should B. shouldn't C. could D. would 10. —______ you please help me carry this heavy box? —With pleasure. A. Must B. Should C. Could D. Need 11. Shall we ______ a walk after dinner? A. taking B. take C. to take D. took 12. What about ______ camping this weekend? A. go B. to go C. going D. went 13. You'd better ______ in the reading room. A. not shout B. not to shout C. don't shout D. to not shout 14. —Would you like ______ shopping with me? —Yes, I'd love to. A. go B. going C. to go D. went 15. Why don't you ______ your teacher for advice? A. ask B. to ask C. asking D. asked 16. —Let's play basketball after school. —______. A. Not at all B. Sounds great C. You're welcome D. Never mind 二、用括号内所给代词的适当形式填空（每小题1分，共10分） 1. The boy fell off the bike and hurt ______ (he). 2. We really enjoyed ______ (we) during the summer holiday. 3. Can you finish the work all by ______ (you), Tom? 4. The cat saw ______ (it) in the mirror and jumped away. 5. Kids, help ______ (you) to some fruit, please. 6. She taught ______ (she) to play the piano at the age of six. 7. Don't worry about us. We can look after ______ (we). 8. The manager ______ (he) showed us around the company. 9. Leave me by ______ (I). I want to be alone for a while. 10. They built the house ______ (they), without any help. 三、句型转换与同义句改写（每小题2分，共8分） 1. Why not go to the park with us?（改为同义句） ______ ______ ______ go to the park with us? 2. Shall we watch a movie tonight?（改为 How about 句型） ______ ______ ______ a movie tonight? 3. You should drink more hot water.（改为否定句） You ______ ______ more hot water. 4. He learned French by himself.（改为同义句） He ______ ______ French. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子（每小题2分，共8分） 1. 1. 孩子们在公园里玩得很开心。 The children ______ ______ in the park. 2. 2. 你最好不要熬夜。 You'd ______ ______ ______ up late. 3. 3. 请你把窗户关上好吗？ ______ you ______ close the window? 4. 4. 我们这个周末去爬山好吗？ ______ ______ climbing this weekend? 答案与解析 一、单项选择 1. 【答案】C 【解析】children 为复数，hurt oneself 中反身代词与主语一致，用 yourselves 2. 【答案】D 【解析】by oneself 独自地，固定搭配，I 对应 myself 3. 【答案】B 【解析】enjoy oneself 玩得高兴；答语 we 提示问话对象是复数 you，用 yourselves 4. 【答案】C 【解析】主语 He 亲自做，用反身代词 himself 作同位语/by himself 省略 by 的强调用法 5. 【答案】B 【解析】Lucy and Lily 两人，help yourselves 请自便，复数用 yourselves 6. 【答案】B 【解析】dress oneself 自己穿衣，brother 对应 himself 7. 【答案】C 【解析】故事本身有趣，反身代词作主语同位语用 itself 8. 【答案】A 【解析】看起来累，应该早睡，should + 动词原形 9. 【答案】B 【解析】学生不应该花太多时间玩手机，shouldn't 表劝告 10. 【答案】C 【解析】Could you please...? 礼貌请求，比 can 更委婉 11. 【答案】B 【解析】Shall we + 动词原形 12. 【答案】C 【解析】What about + doing，介词后用动名词 13. 【答案】A 【解析】had better not + 动词原形 14. 【答案】C 【解析】would like to do sth. 15. 【答案】A 【解析】Why don't you + 动词原形 16. 【答案】B 【解析】赞同建议用 Sounds great / Good idea 二、适当形式填空 1. 【答案】himself 【解析】hurt oneself，the boy 对应 himself 2. 【答案】ourselves 【解析】enjoy oneself，we 对应 ourselves 3. 【答案】yourself 【解析】by oneself，Tom 单数对应 yourself 4. 【答案】itself 【解析】猫与镜中自己是同一物，it 对应 itself 5. 【答案】yourselves 【解析】kids 复数称呼，help yourselves 6. 【答案】herself 【解析】teach oneself 自学，she 对应 herself 7. 【答案】ourselves 【解析】look after oneself，we 对应 ourselves 8. 【答案】himself 【解析】manager 的同位语，he 对应 himself，意为「亲自」 9. 【答案】myself 【解析】leave sb. by oneself，me 对应 myself 10. 【答案】themselves 【解析】they 亲自建造，对应 themselves 三、句型转换 1. 【答案】Why don't you 【解析】Why not do = Why don't you do 2. 【答案】How about watching 【解析】Shall we do = How about doing，about 后用 doing 3. 【答案】shouldn't drink 【解析】should 否定直接加 not，后仍接动词原形 4. 【答案】taught himself 【解析】learn...by oneself = teach oneself，过去时 taught 四、完成句子 1. 【答案】enjoyed themselves 【解析】enjoy oneself = have fun，过去时 2. 【答案】better not stay 【解析】had better not do sth.，stay up 熬夜 3. 【答案】Could; please 【解析】Could you please do...? 礼貌请求 4. 【答案】Shall we go 【解析】Shall we + 动词原形 提建议 第 1 页 共 11 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $