Unit 4 Section B 3a-Reflecting（知识清单）英语新教材人教版八年级上册

该初中英语知识清单围绕Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals的Section B核心内容展开，系统梳理必背词汇（ocean, except, tiny, lively）及五大必会考点。从基础词汇识记出发，逐步过渡到介词except的用法及辨析、形容词tiny和lively的语义与用法区别、固定搭配live up to的应用，以及现在分词短语作后置定语的语法结构，构建层层递进的学习支架。 知识链路以“词汇—考点—应用”为逻辑主线，每个考点通过知识点解析、对比表格（如except/except for/but/besides辨析）、典型例句及即时练习深化理解。注重语言能力培养，通过语境化例句提升学生语言理解与表达能力，借助辨析对比发展思维品质，针对性习题设计助力学习能力提升，形成“学练结合”的学科特色学习路径。

Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals Section B ( 3a-Reflecting) 核心知识梳理 一、必背词汇 ( 1 / 11 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 大海；海洋（名词）：ocean 2. 除...之外；除了（介词）：except 3. 极小的；微小的（形容词）：tiny 4. 精力充沛的；生机勃勃的（形容词）：lively 1. 大海；海洋（名词）： 2. 除...之外；除了（介词）： 3. 极小的；微小的（形容词）： 4. 精力充沛的；生机勃勃的（形容词）： ( 2 / 11 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 二、必会考点 1、Blue whales live in all oceans except the Arctic Ocean除了北冰洋，蓝鲸在各大洋均有分布。 【知识点】except介词，除之外；除了。常与 all、every、no、nothing等词连用，除去的部分常与整体是同类事物。 例句：The shop is open every day except Tuesdays.这家商店除了星期二之外天天开门。 【辨析】except & except for& but& besides except 除...之外，强调排除的内容不包含在内，含有减去的意思 except for 除了，肯定整体后，对细节加以修正，常含有“美中不足”之意 but 除...之外，常用于nothing、all、anything、anyone、everything、everyone词之后 besides 除...之外（还），包括besides 后面的内容，含有加上的意思 例句：Last weekend, all of us went for a picnic except Tom because he was ill.上周末，除了汤姆，我们都去野餐了，因为他病了。 There is no one here but me.这里除了我没有别人. Besides working as a teacher, she also writes poems in her spare time.除了当教师外，她在业余时间还写诗。 She did well in all subjects except for maths. 除了数学之外，她所有科目都成绩优异。 【注意】当主语后有except(介词)构成的短语时，谓语动词要与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致, 例句：Nobody except the two boys has been to Hong Kong before.除了那两个男孩，之前没有人去过香港。 【即时练习】 1．We have classes every day ________ weekends, so we can relax on those two days. A．for B．except C．from D．during 2．Everyone went on the trip ________ John because he had to stay at home and study. A．except B．besides C．about D．without 3．Blue whales live in all oceans ________ the Arctic Ocean. A．except B．besides C．including D．with 4．Last week, we all went on a school camping trip ________ Lily because she was ill. A．except B．besides C．beside D．including 5．I can do all kinds of housework ________ cooking. I will learn it from my mother. A．beside B．besides C．except D．without 6．—Did you learn any other study methods _______ taking notes? —Yes, I learned three. But I have forgotten all _______ a few steps of each. A．besides; besides B．except; except C．except; besides D．besides; except 2. They eat a lot, but they eat some of the tiniest animals in the ocean. 它们食量很大，但也会捕食海洋中体型最小的动物。 【知识点】tiny形容词，极小的；微小的。指在尺寸或数量上非常小，比较级时tinier ,最高级是tiniest . 例句：The baby panda was tiny when it was born .大熊猫出生时非常小。 【即时练习】 1．Blue whales eat some of the ________ animals in the ocean. A．largest B．tiniest C．heaviest D．fastest 3. This food lasts for over a year and it helps to create a lively and healthy ecosystem.该食品保质期超过一年，有助于构建一个生机勃勃且健康的生态系统。 【知识点】 lively 形容词，精力充沛的；生机勃勃的 【辨析】lively & alive &live & living lively 生气勃勃的；（色彩）鲜艳的 She is a lively girl and popular with everyone。 她是个充满活力的女孩，很受大家欢迎 The colour of the clay works is lively. 这些陶土作品的色彩很鲜艳。 alive 活着的 This is a live /living fish = This fish is alive 这是一条活鱼。 live 活的 living 活着的 【即时练习】 1．At the party last night, Lisa sang and danced happily. She looked so________ that everyone liked her. A．disappointed B．organized C．lively D．serious 2. —How was the weekend campfire party last night? —It was great! Everyone was ________ and sang and danced happily together. A．lively B．likely C．familiar D．colorful 3. — What do you think of the party last night? — It was really ________. Everyone had a great time dancing and singing. A．boring B．quiet C．lively D．strict 4．—I stayed up late and my brain isn’t working now. —Get some rest, and then your mind will become ________ and work well. A．pretty B．tiny C．lively D．healthy 5．Chinese shadow puppetry (皮影戏) brings our ________ traditional stories on stage (舞台). A．lively B．lovely C．likely D．friendly 6．Miss Xiang is a great teacher who always makes her classes ________. A．alive B．live C．living D．lively 4. Blue whales can live up to 90 years. 蓝鲸的寿命可达90 年。 【知识点】live up to 达到;符合(期望等);活到(某一年龄、岁数等) 例如:He always lives up to his parents' expectations. 他总是不辜负父母的期望。 【拓展】reach 达到(某一数量、程度、年龄等);在表示活到某一年龄时，可与“live up to” 替换。 例句：Some trees can reach a height of 30 meters. 有些树能长到30 米高 Some people can reach 90 years old. 有些人能活到 90 岁。 【即时练习】 1. —I hope I can ________ what my teacher expects. —Believe in yourself. A. live up to B. come up with C. give up D. cheer up 2. The wonderful show ________ all our expectations last night. A. lived up to B. looked after C. paid for D. took off 5. When a blue whale dies at sea, it becomes food for many kinds of animals living in and around the sea.当一头蓝鲸在海洋中死去时，它会成为生活在海洋里及海洋周边的多种动物的食物。 【知识点】living in and around the sea 整体是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的animals。相当于一个定语从句 which/that live in and around the sea 。 例如:The boy standing there is my brother. 站在那儿的男孩是我弟弟standing there 修饰 the boy，可转换为The boy who/that is standing there is my brother. $Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals Section B ( 3a-Reflecting) 核心知识梳理 一、必背词汇 ( 1 / 11 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 大海；海洋（名词）：ocean 2. 除...之外；除了（介词）：except 3. 极小的；微小的（形容词）：tiny 4. 精力充沛的；生机勃勃的（形容词）：lively 1. 大海；海洋（名词）： 2. 除...之外；除了（介词）： 3. 极小的；微小的（形容词）： 4. 精力充沛的；生机勃勃的（形容词）： ( 2 / 11 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 二、必会考点 1、Blue whales live in all oceans except the Arctic Ocean除了北冰洋，蓝鲸在各大洋均有分布。 【知识点】except介词，除之外；除了。常与 all、every、no、nothing等词连用，除去的部分常与整体是同类事物。 例句：The shop is open every day except Tuesdays.这家商店除了星期二之外天天开门。 【辨析】except & except for& but& besides except 除...之外，强调排除的内容不包含在内，含有减去的意思 except for 除了，肯定整体后，对细节加以修正，常含有“美中不足”之意 but 除...之外，常用于nothing、all、anything、anyone、everything、everyone词之后 besides 除...之外（还），包括besides 后面的内容，含有加上的意思 例句：Last weekend, all of us went for a picnic except Tom because he was ill.上周末，除了汤姆，我们都去野餐了，因为他病了。 There is no one here but me.这里除了我没有别人. Besides working as a teacher, she also writes poems in her spare time.除了当教师外，她在业余时间还写诗。 She did well in all subjects except for maths. 除了数学之外，她所有科目都成绩优异。 【注意】当主语后有except(介词)构成的短语时，谓语动词要与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致, 例句：Nobody except the two boys has been to Hong Kong before.除了那两个男孩，之前没有人去过香港。 【即时练习】 1．We have classes every day ________ weekends, so we can relax on those two days. A．for B．except C．from D．during 【答案】B 2．Everyone went on the trip ________ John because he had to stay at home and study. A．except B．besides C．about D．without 【答案】A 3．Blue whales live in all oceans ________ the Arctic Ocean. A．except B．besides C．including D．with 【答案】A 4．Last week, we all went on a school camping trip ________ Lily because she was ill. A．except B．besides C．beside D．including 【答案】A 5．I can do all kinds of housework ________ cooking. I will learn it from my mother. A．beside B．besides C．except D．without 【答案】C 6．—Did you learn any other study methods _______ taking notes? —Yes, I learned three. But I have forgotten all _______ a few steps of each. A．besides; besides B．except; except C．except; besides D．besides; except 【答案】D 2. They eat a lot, but they eat some of the tiniest animals in the ocean. 它们食量很大，但也会捕食海洋中体型最小的动物。 【知识点】tiny形容词，极小的；微小的。指在尺寸或数量上非常小，比较级时tinier ,最高级是tiniest . 例句：The baby panda was tiny when it was born .大熊猫出生时非常小。 【即时练习】 1．Blue whales eat some of the ________ animals in the ocean. A．largest B．tiniest C．heaviest D．fastest 【答案】B 3. This food lasts for over a year and it helps to create a lively and healthy ecosystem.该食品保质期超过一年，有助于构建一个生机勃勃且健康的生态系统。 【知识点】 lively 形容词，精力充沛的；生机勃勃的 【辨析】lively & alive &live & living lively 生气勃勃的；（色彩）鲜艳的 She is a lively girl and popular with everyone。 她是个充满活力的女孩，很受大家欢迎 The colour of the clay works is lively. 这些陶土作品的色彩很鲜艳。 alive 活着的 This is a live /living fish = This fish is alive 这是一条活鱼。 live 活的 living 活着的 【即时练习】 1．At the party last night, Lisa sang and danced happily. She looked so________ that everyone liked her. A．disappointed B．organized C．lively D．serious 【答案】C 2. —How was the weekend campfire party last night? —It was great! Everyone was ________ and sang and danced happily together. A．lively B．likely C．familiar D．colorful 【答案】A 3. — What do you think of the party last night? — It was really ________. Everyone had a great time dancing and singing. A．boring B．quiet C．lively D．strict 【答案】C 4．—I stayed up late and my brain isn’t working now. —Get some rest, and then your mind will become ________ and work well. A．pretty B．tiny C．lively D．healthy 【答案】C 5．Chinese shadow puppetry (皮影戏) brings our ________ traditional stories on stage (舞台). A．lively B．lovely C．likely D．friendly 【答案】A 6．Miss Xiang is a great teacher who always makes her classes ________. A．alive B．live C．living D．lively 【答案】D 4. Blue whales can live up to 90 years. 蓝鲸的寿命可达90 年。 【知识点】live up to 达到;符合(期望等);活到(某一年龄、岁数等) 例如:He always lives up to his parents' expectations. 他总是不辜负父母的期望。 【拓展】reach 达到(某一数量、程度、年龄等);在表示活到某一年龄时，可与“live up to” 替换。 例句：Some trees can reach a height of 30 meters. 有些树能长到30 米高 Some people can reach 90 years old. 有些人能活到 90 岁。 【即时练习】 1. —I hope I can ________ what my teacher expects. —Believe in yourself. A. live up to B. come up with C. give up D. cheer up 【答案】A 2. The wonderful show ________ all our expectations last night. A. lived up to B. looked after C. paid for D. took off 【答案】A 5. When a blue whale dies at sea, it becomes food for many kinds of animals living in and around the sea.当一头蓝鲸在海洋中死去时，它会成为生活在海洋里及海洋周边的多种动物的食物。 【知识点】living in and around the sea 整体是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的animals。相当于一个定语从句 which/that live in and around the sea 。 例如:The boy standing there is my brother. 站在那儿的男孩是我弟弟standing there 修饰 the boy，可转换为The boy who/that is standing there is my brother. $