Unit 4 Great people(知识清单)英语新教材冀教版九年级上册

2026-09-01
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摘要:

该初中英语Unit4“Great people”复习讲义通过分类表格系统梳理词汇、短语及语法知识,将人物、宇宙航天等六大主题词汇与动词短语、介词短语分类呈现,用对比表格解析before/after/as时间状语从句用法,结合写作四段式框架构建“词汇-语法-写作”递进知识脉络,突出重难点内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计与方法指导,如写作模板引导学生按“生平-成就-品质-感悟”结构表达,易错点口诀(如“succeed in后接ing”)强化语言能力,单选、完形等题型覆盖基础与综合应用,助力不同层次学生提升学习能力,为教师精准教学提供系统支持。

内容正文:

Unit4 Great people 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、人物・杰出人物 1. n.(英雄;偶像)He is a great in my heart.(他是我心中一位伟大的英雄。) 2. adj.(有天赋的;有才华的)The boy loves science very much.(这个有天赋的男孩非常热爱科学。) 3. n.(数学家)This worked hard all his life.(这位数学家一生刻苦钻研。) 4. n.(先驱;先锋)Yuan Longping was a of agriculture.(袁隆平是农业领域的先驱。) 5. n.(作家;作者)My mother wants to be a famous .(我的妈妈想要成为一名著名作家。) 6. n.(教育家)The great devoted himself to education.(这位伟大的教育家投身于教育事业。) 7. n.(士兵;军人)The protects our country bravely.(这名士兵勇敢地保卫我们的国家。) 8. n.(海盗)In the story, the sailed across the sea.(在故事里,海盗扬帆跨海航行。) 二、宇宙・航天・科学理论 1. n.(火箭;火箭武器)The will fly into space tomorrow.(这枚火箭明天将要飞向太空。) 2. n.(火箭学;火箭技术)He spends lots of time studying .(他花费大量时间研究火箭技术。) 3. n.(宇宙;世界)No one knows how big the is.(没有人知道宇宙有多大。) 4. n.(理论;学说;原理)His new changed people’s ideas.(他的新理论改变了人们的观念。) 5. n.(相对论;相对性)Einstein is famous for the .(爱因斯坦因相对论而出名。) 6. adj.(行星的)We are learning science at school.(我们在校学习行星科学相关知识。) 7. n.(智慧)Human can create many great things.(人类的智慧可以创造许多伟大的事物。) 8. v.(扩展;延伸;给予)Scientists want to their research to outerspace.(科学家们想要将研究延伸到外太空。) 9. adj.(小数的;十进位的)We use the system in our maths class.(我们在数学课上使用十进制。) 三、航海・出行 1. v. & n.(航行)They plan to to the small island.(他们计划航行去那座小岛。) 2. n.(航海;航行)The long made him very tired.(漫长的航海旅程使他十分疲惫。) 3. v.(不吝惜(时间、金钱))She much time to help poor children.(她不惜花费很多时间帮助贫困儿童。) adj.(闲置的;备用的)Please take a battery with you.(请随身携带一块备用电池。) 四、奖励・成果收获 1.________ v.(收到;接纳)She will ________ a big prize next week.(下周她将会收到一份大奖。) 2.________ n.(奖;奖品;奖赏)Tom won the first ________ in the science competition.(汤姆赢得了科学比赛的一等奖。) 3.________ n.(结论;结尾)At last, we came to a useful ________ .(最后,我们得出了一个有用的结论。) 4.________ n.(进展;课程)In the ________ of the meeting, we discussed many problems.(在会议进程中,我们讨论了许多问题。) 五、农业・植物 1.________ adj.(杂交成的;混种的)This is a new ________ rice.(这是一种新型杂交水稻。) ________ n.((动植物)杂交种)This is a new ________ rice.(这是一种新型杂交水稻。) 2.________ n.(花生)Farmers grow lots of peanuts in this village.(这个村子里农民种植了很多花生。) 3.________ n.(树荫;阴凉处;阴影)We had a rest under the ________ of a big tree.(我们在大树的树荫下休息。) 4.________ n.(农学;农业)More young people begin to study ________ .(越来越多年轻人开始学习农业。) 5.________ adj.(高兴的;乐意的)I’m ________ to meet you at the party.(我很高兴能在聚会上见到你。) n.((同一事物的)不同种类;多种样式)There are a ________ of vegetables on the farm.(农场里有各种各样的蔬菜。) 6.________ n.(引进;介绍)The ________ of new rice changed farmers’ life.(新品种水稻的引进改变了农民的生活。) 7.________ n.(产量;生产)The ________ of rice has increased this year.(今年水稻产量提高了。) 8.________ adv.(不知疲倦地)Yuan Longping worked ________ for farmers all his life.(袁隆平一生不知疲倦地为农民操劳。) 9.________ adj.(瞎的;失明的)The ________ girl can play the piano very well.(这位失明的女孩钢琴弹得非常好。) 10.________ adj.(聋的)The ________ boy learns to talk with others by gestures.(这个失聪男孩学习用手势与人交流。) 11.________ adj.(高兴的;乐意的)I’m ________ to meet you at the party.(我很高兴能在聚会上见到你。) 六、社会・生活事物 1. ________n.(烙饼;薄饼)My grandma makes delicious pancakes every morning.(奶奶每天早上都会做美味的烙饼。) 2.________ adv.(最差;最坏(badly 的最高级))He sang ________ in our class yesterday.(昨天他在班里唱得最差。) 3.________ adj.(最差的;最坏的(bad 最高级))That was the ________ day in my life.(那是我一生中最糟糕的一天。) 3.________ v.(动手术;经营;(使)运转)The doctor will ________ on the sick man soon.(医生很快就要给这位病人做手术。) 短 语 一、动词短语 1.________________(被突然记起(或想到)) The great hero ________ when I see the picture.(当我看到这张照片,那位伟大的英雄就浮现在脑海。) 2.________________(不遗余力地做……) We ________ help the poor farmers.(我们不遗余力地帮助贫苦农民。) 3.(有相同的特征(或特点等)) The two pioneers .(这两位先驱有许多共同之处。) 4.________________(继续) Let’s ________ with our research work.(让我们继续我们的研究工作。) 5.________________(取得进步) You will ________ if you work hard.(如果你努力,就会取得进步。) 6.________________(大学毕业) He ________ at the age of 22.(他 22 岁时大学毕业。) 7.________________(尽最大努力) She ________ to finish the difficult task.(她尽最大努力完成这项艰巨的任务。) 8.________________(办到;做成) Yuan Longping ________ hybrid rice.(袁隆平成功培育出了杂交水稻。) 9.________________(被引进到;被介绍给) This new technology ________ our country.(这项新技术被引进到我国。) 10.________________(落后) Study hard, or you will ________ others.(努力学习,否则你就会落后于别人。) 11.________________(制定更高的目标) After winning the prize, he ________ for himself.(获奖之后,他为自己制定了更高的目标。) 二、介词短语 1. (在…… 领域) He is a famous scientist agriculture.(他是农业领域一位著名的科学家。) 2. (若干;许多) students want to be mathematicians in the future.(许多学生将来想要成为数学家。) 3. (在业余时间) He likes to do science research .(他喜欢在业余时间做科学研究。) 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 一、问答观点类 1. What kind of people do you think can be considered great?(你认为什么样的人可以被称作伟大的人?) 2. What does the word "great" mean to you?(对你来说 “伟大” 这个词意味着什么?) 3. Many names come to mind.(很多名字浮现在脑海。) 4. Great people may differ in many ways, but they all have one thing in common.(伟人在很多方面各不相同,但他们都有一个共同点。) 二、人物生平介绍类 出生逝世 1. … + 地点 + in + 年份.(某人于某年出生于某地。) 2. …died …(某人享年…… 岁。) 求学经历 1. , he visited many countries.(大学毕业后,他走访了许多国家。) 成就贡献 1. He develop…(他不遗余力地研发……) 2. He developing hybrid rice.(他成功培育出了杂交水稻。) 3. … …(…… 因…… 而出名。) 4. …made significant to society.(…… 为社会做出了重大贡献。) 三、核心语法句型 1. 时间状语从句 When he was a young boy, he showed a strong interest in science and maths.(当他还是个小男孩的时候,他就对科学和数学表现出浓厚的兴趣。) 2. not only…but also… 不仅…… 而且……Bethune was not only an excellent doctor, but also an inventor.(白求恩不仅是一名优秀的医生,还是一位发明家。) 3. 条件状语从句(主将从现)You will fall behind if you give up jumping.(如果你放弃,你就会落后。) 4.定语从句The tools that he invented remain in use. 语法 1. 由before / after / as引导的时间状语从句 写作 描述人物的生平事迹 一、知识点精讲 1.spare v. 不吝惜(时间、金钱);抽出 【变形】 adj. 闲置的;备用的 【常用搭配】 ①spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事 He spared no effort to (develop) China's rocketry programs. 他不遗余力地研发中国的火箭项目。 2.succeed v. 成功 【变形】 n. 成功; adj. 成功的;successfully adv. 成功地 【常用搭配】 ①succeed in doing sth. 成功做成某事 He succeeded in (develop) hybrid rice in 1973. 1973 年,他成功培育出了杂交水稻。 3.introduce v. 引进;介绍 【变形】 introduction n. 引进;介绍 【常用搭配】 ①be introduced to 被引进到;被介绍给 The hybridrice technology (be introduced to) the US in 1980. 这项杂交水稻技术于 1980 年被引进到美国。 4.common adj. 共同的;普通的 【常用搭配】 ①have…in common 有相同的特征 / 共同点 Great people all have one thing . 伟人都有一个共同点。 5.progress n. [U] 进步 【常用搭配】 ①make progress 取得进步 As Helen grew older, she a lot of . 随着海伦慢慢长大,她取得了很大进步。 6.field n. 领域;田野 【常用搭配】 ①in the field of 在…… 领域 Einstein became a pioneer in the field of modern physics. 爱因斯坦成为了现代物理学领域的先驱。 7.number n. 数量 【常用搭配】 ①a number of 若干;许多(后接可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数) She wrote a number of great books in her life. 她一生写了许多优秀的书籍。 8.contribute v. 贡献 【变形】contribution n. 贡献 【常用搭配】 ①make a contribution to (doing) sth. 为(做)某事做出贡献 Yuan Longping made a great contribution to global food production. 袁隆平为全球粮食生产做出了巨大贡献。 9.fall v. 落下;变得 【过去式过去分词】fall 【常用搭配】 ①fall behind 落后 You will fall behind if you give up jumping. 如果你放弃,你就会落后。 10.sparetime 相关短语 【常用搭配】 ①in one’s spare time 在某人的业余时间 , Yuan Longping loved playing the violin. 在业余时间,袁隆平喜欢拉小提琴。 11.famous adj. 著名的 【同义短语】 ①be famous for = be wellknown for 因…… 而出名 Einstein his Theory of Relativity. 爱因斯坦最出名的成就是他的相对论。 12.not only…but also… 不仅…… 而且…… 【用法】连接两个并列成分;谓语动词遵循就近原则 Bethune was an excellent doctor, an inventor. 白求恩不仅是一名优秀的医生,还是一位发明家。 二、核心语法精讲 由before / after / as引导的时间状语从句 一、概述 【定义】由连词before、after、as引导,用来表示主句动作发生时间的从句,叫作时间状语从句。 【时态核心规则】主将从现。即当主句为一般将来时,before/after/as引导的时间状语从句,要用一般现在时表将来。 引导连词 含义 动作关系 before 在…… 之前 从句动作先发生,主句动作后发生 after 在…… 之后 从句动作先发生,主句动作后发生 as 当…… 时;随着;一边…… 一边 主句、从句动作同时发生 二、before 引导时间状语从句 【含义详解】before:在…… 之前 ;从句动作 → 先发生;主句动作 → 后发生。 【句式结构】主句 + before + 时间状语从句 【例句】 1.He wrote one last letter before he passed away. 翻译:他在去世之前写下了最后一封信。 2.Before Helen got sick, she was a bright and happy girl. 翻译:海伦生病之前,她是一个聪明快乐的女孩。 3.Every night, he read for half an hour before he went to sleep. 翻译:每天晚上,他睡觉之前都会读半小时书。 三、after 引导时间状语从句 【含义详解】在…… 之后 ;从句动作 → 先发生;主句动作 → 后发生 【句式结构】主句 + after + 时间状语从句 【例句】 1.After she lost her ability to see and hear, she became difficult and wild. 翻译:在她失去视听能力之后,她变得执拗又暴躁。 2.After Helen finished university, she visited many countries. 翻译:海伦大学毕业之后,走访了许多国家。 3. as 引导时间状语从句 【含义详解】当…… 的时候;随着;一边…… 一边 ;主句与从句的动作同步发生、伴随进行 。 【句式结构】主句 + as + 时间状语从句 【例句】 1.As time goes on, DNA will continue to play an important role in our health and technology. (随着时间的推移,DNA 将会持续在健康与科技领域发挥重要作用。) 2.As the candle burns, it uses the oxygen in the air. (蜡烛一边燃烧,一边消耗空气中的氧气。) 3.As Helen grew older, she made a lot of progress. (随着海伦渐渐长大,她取得了很大的进步。) 四、重难点 连词 词义 动作先后关系 时态注意事项 典型例句 before 在…… 之前 从句动作在前,主句在后 主过从过;主将从现 I will wash hands before I have dinner. 我吃饭前要洗手。 after 在…… 之后 从句动作在前,主句在后 主过从过;主将从现 I will go out after I finish my homework. 写完作业我就出门。 as 当…… 时;随着 主从句动作同时发生 多用进行时或延续性动词 As we walked, we talked happily. 我们边走边开心地聊天。 【易错提醒】 1.主将从现规则同样适用于before / after / as引导的时间状语从句。 例:I will call you as soon as I arrive.(主句将来时,从句一般现在时) 2. as 强调同步伴随,不能用来表示一先一后两个动作。 ❌错句:As he finished work, he went home. ✅正确:After he finished work, he went home. 三、单元写作清单 (一)话题分析 【本单元写作主题】 介绍一位伟大人物 / 英雄,讲述他‑她的生平经历、主要事迹、优秀品质以及对你产生的启发。 【写作任务】 搜索资料,写短文介绍一位伟大的人物,写作需要包含 四个要点: 1. 基本信息:出生、身份 2. 主要经历与成就(做了什么贡献) 3. 人物品质(智慧、勇气、毅力、无私奉献等) 4. 对你的启示、收获 【命题方向】 1.介绍一位中外杰出人物(袁隆平、海伦・凯勒、白求恩、钱学森等) 2.讲述身边平凡英雄(清洁工、母亲、救灾少年等) 3.话题议论:什么样的人可以被称作伟大的人、谁是你心中的英雄 【作文时态】 介绍生平、过往事迹:一般过去时 评价人物、抒发感悟:一般现在时 【作文体裁】人物介绍类记叙文 (2) 写作框架:四段式模板 【审题四问】 是否介绍清楚人物;是否说明人物的事迹;是否描述主要事迹;是否写出人物带来的影响。 第一段:开篇点题 —— 引出你心中的英雄 / 伟人 句型: 1. My hero is ______. 2. One of the greatest people I admire is ______. 3. There are many great people in the world, and my favourite one is ______. 第二段:介绍人物生平与经历(时间顺序) 要点:出生→成长经历→重要事件 时间连接词:before / after / as After he graduated from university, …在他大学毕业后…… As he grew older, …随着他渐渐长大…… 第三段:介绍成就、贡献与优秀品质 句型: 1. He succeeded in doing sth. 他成功做成某事。 2. He made a great contribution to… 他为……做出巨大贡献。 3. He was not only…but also…他不仅…… 而且…… 第四段:结尾评价 + 个人感悟升华 句型: 1. He is famous for his hard‑work and courage. 2. I learn a lot from him. I will… 3. He sets a good example for us. (三)写作素材 【好词积累】 1.hero 英雄;2.pioneer 先驱;3.scientist 科学家;4.educator 教育家;5.soldier 士兵 6.intelligence 智慧;7.courage 勇气;8.contribution 贡献;9.achieve 实现;10.develop 研发 11. spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事12. succeed in doing sth. 成功做成某事 13. make a great contribution to… 为…… 做出巨大贡献14. in the field of… 在…… 领域 15. a number of 许多16. in one’s spare time 在某人业余时间 17. be famous for /be well‑known for 因…… 而出名18. fall behind 落后 【好句积累】 生平经历句 1. After he finished his university, he began his research.在他大学毕业后,他开始了研究工作。 2. As time went by, he made great progress.随着时间流逝,他取得了巨大进步。 3. Before he passed away, he wrote a letter.在去世之前,他写下一封信。 描写成就句 1. He succeeded in developing hybrid rice.他成功培育出了杂交水稻。 2. He was not only a great scientist, but also a warm‑hearted man.他不仅是一位伟大的科学家,而且是一个热心的人。 3. He made important contributions to our country.他为祖国做出了重要贡献。 感悟升华句 1. I learn that I should never give up when I meet difficulties.我明白了遇到困难绝不应该放弃。 2. He is my hero and I want to be a person like him in the future.他是我的英雄,将来我也想成为像他一样的人。 (四)范文背诵 范文1: My hero is Helen Keller, a great woman who overcame blindness and deafness. Before she met her teacher Anne Sullivan, she couldn’t communicate with other people. After Anne helped her patiently, Helen learned words and made great progress. As she grew older, she learned to read and write and became a famous writer. She wrote lots of books and helped many disabled people around the world. I admire her strong courage and determination. She teaches me nothing is impossible if I never give up. 范文2 The international hero I admire most is Norman Bethune. He was a Canadian doctor who came to China to help during the war. Before he came to China, he was already a famous doctor in Canada. After he arrived in northern China, he organized hospitals and trained many doctors and nurses. He worked tirelessly in difficult conditions and once operated for sixty-nine hours without stopping. He showed great courage and selflessness. I have learned from Bethune that true greatness means helping others without thinking about oneself. He will be remembered by people forever. 易错点 01:succeed in 后接动名词误区 【助记口诀】 介词后面 doing,in 后动词变 ing 【一句话辨异】 短语succeed in doing sth.(成功做成某事)中in为介词,介词之后的动词必须变为‑ing 动名词形式,不能使用动词原形。 【错因辨析】 容易直接写出succeed in do sth.,忘记介词 in 后面动词要加 ing。 【对点训练】 1. The scientist succeeded in ______ a new kind of plant. A. develop B. developing C. to develop 易错点 02:introduce 被动语态时态误区‑be introduced to 【助记口诀】 过去时间作标志,be 动词时态看过去 【一句话辨异】 出现过去时间状语(in 1980…),be introduced to被动结构中 be 动词要使用过去式 was/were。 【错因辨析】 1. 看到被动含义就一直用is introduced to,忽略句子为过去时态。 2. 主语 technology 是单数,be 动词误用复数 were。 ✅正确:The hybrid‑rice technology was introduced to the US in 1980. ❌错误:The hybrid‑rice technology is introduced to the US in 1980. 【对点训练】 3. This new technology ______ many foreign countries in 1990. A. introduced to B. was introduced to C. is introduced to 易错点 03:progress 不可数名词易错点 【助记口诀】 progress 进步不可数,永远不加 a/an,永远没有‑s 【一句话辨异】 progress为不可数名词,表达 “取得进步” 固定搭配make progress. 【错因辨析】 1. 受中文 “一项进步” 误导,添加不定冠词 a。 2. 误给 progress 加上复数‑es。 ✅正确:she made a lot of progress. ❌错误:she made a progress /she made progresses. 【对点训练】 3. He has made great ______ in his English study. A. progress B. progresses C. a progress 易错点 04:a number of 谓语动词主谓一致误区 【助记口诀】 a number of 许多,后面谓语要用复数;the number of 数量,谓语单数要记住 【一句话辨异】 a number of + 可数名词复数`含义为 “许多”,作主语时谓语动词用复数;the number of+名词表示 “…… 的数量”,谓语动词用单数。 【错因辨析】 1. 混淆a number of与the number of,谓语动词单复数写反。 ✅正确:A number of students are in the classroom. ✅正确:The number of students is 50. 【对点训练】 1. A number of visitors ______ to this old village every year. A. comes B. come C. is coming 易错点 05:make a contribution to 介词陷阱 【助记口诀】to 在这里是介词,后面动词变 ing 【一句话辨异】 make a contribution to (doing) sth.为…… 做出贡献,此处to是介词,后面接名词或者doing 动名词,不能接动词原形。 【错因辨析】 1. 思维定势,一看见 to 就加动词原形 do。 ✅正确:He made a great contribution to protecting our environment. ❌错误:He made a great contribution to protect our environment. 【对点训练】 1. Yuan Longping made a contribution to ______ hybrid rice. A. develop B. developing C. developed 易错点 06:before/after/as 时间状语从句‑主将从现 【助记口诀】 主将从现要记牢,将来主句现在从句 【一句话辨异】 当before / after / as引导时间状语从句,主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表将来,从句不能出现 will。 【错因辨析】 1. 主从句都写成将来时,重复使用 will。 ✅正确:I will go out after I finish my homework. ❌错误:I will go out after I will finish my homework. 【对点训练】 1. He will read books before he ______ to sleep. A. will go B. goes C. went 易错点 07:as 引导时间状语从句动作误区 【助记口诀】as 表同步伴先后,先后动作 after 担 【一句话辨异】 as 只能引导同时发生的动作;表示一先一后发生的两个动作,只能用 after/before,绝对不能用 as。 【错因辨析】 分不清动作先后,两个先后发生的动作用 as 引导,属于高频错误。 ✅正确:After he finished his work, he went home. ❌错误:As he finished his work, he went home. 【对点训练】 1. ______ he left school, he found a good‑job. A. As B. After C. When 易错点 08:not only…but also… 就近原则误区 【助记口诀】not only…but also,谓语就近看后边 【一句话辨异】 not only…but also…(不仅…… 而且)连接两个主语时,谓语动词的单复数由离它最近的主语决定。 【错因辨析】 1. 看见两个主语,就直接用复数谓语,忽略就近原则。 ✅正确:Not only you but also he likes English. 【对点训练】 1. Not only his parents but also his brother ______ to the museum. A. go B. goes C. going 一、单项选择 1.He came up ________ an idea for hybrid rice. A.to B.for C.with D.of 2.He read for half an hour ________ he went to sleep. A.when B.before C.as D.after 3.Qian Xuesen spared no effort ________ China’s rocketry programs. A.develop B.to develop C.developing D.developed 4.Yuan Longping was born ________ 1930 ________ China. A.in; at B.on; in C.in; in D.at; on 5.He spent much of his time ________ and developing new varieties. A.research B.to research C.researched D.researching 二、完形填空 阅读短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 My grandfather often tells me stories about great people in Chinese history. He says that every great person has a unique 6 to share. One of his favorite stories is about a scientist 7 spent his whole life studying astronomy. This scientist lived during the Ming Dynasty. He did not have modern 8 like telescopes or computers. But he was very 9 and patient. He watched the stars every night for over 30 years. He recorded everything he saw in 10 notebooks. His work 11 the foundation for later astronomical research in China. My grandfather 12 me that this scientist was not born great. He was just an ordinary person who had a strong 13 to learn. He never gave up, even when he faced difficulties. His   14 teaches us that anyone can achieve great things with 15 , dedication, and hard work. 6.A.story B.lesson C.report D.problem 7.A.which B.whom C.who D.whose 8.A.books B.tools C.courses D.rules 9.A.lazy B.careless C.hardworking D.humorous 10.A.his B.her C.their D.our 11.A.laid B.lay C.lied D.lain 12.A.asked B.ordered C.warned D.told 13.A.doubt B.desire C.promise D.chance 14.A.failure B.mistake C.example D.excuse 15.A.creativity B.luck C.money D.patience 三、阅读理解 A Star Woman— Wang Zhenyi Wang Zhenyi, born in 1768, was a great woman scientist in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, girls couldn’t get a good education, but her father encouraged her to read books and educate herself. She became interested in astronomy (天文学), math, geography, medicine and poems. In 1786, she decided to give much attention to astronomy, math and poems. After years of hard work, she achieved a lot. Wang Zhenyi (1768—1797) Her achievements: ◎ Found out when the eclipses (日蚀, 月蚀) of the sun and the moon would happen. ◎ Learned a lot about how the sun, the moon and the earth move in space. ◎Made some new rules in math. ◎Wrote many books and poems. Sadly, Wang died when she was only 29 years old. Even though her life was short, her thoughts and discoveries live on. In 2000, a planet was named after her. Her spirit and hard work continue to inspire people today. 16.When was Wang Zhenyi born? A.In 1768. B.In 1786. C.In 1797. D.In 2000. 17.According to the passage, what did Wang Zhenyi decide to give much attention to? A.Math, geography and medicine. B.Astronomy, math and poems. C.Astronomy, medicine and poems. D.Astronomy, medicine and geography. 18.What can we learn from Wang Zhenyi? A.It is easy to become successful. B.Nothing is impossible if we work hard. C.Women are always wiser than men. D.It was impossible for a woman to be a scientist in ancient times. 19.How many achievements did Wang Zhenyi make? A.5. B.6. C.4. D.3. 20.In which part of a magazine can you probably read the passage? A.Health. B.Business. C.Sports. D.People. 四、单词拼写 21.He spared no effort ________ (develop) the new technology. 22.Qi Jiguang led his army to attack Japanese ________ (pirate) bravely. 23.Their stories ________ (inspire) us to work harder and dream bigger. 24.Qian Xuesen made great ________ (contribute) to China’s space industry. 25.Many ________ (nation) heroes have made great contributions to our country. 26.Zheng He completed seven ________ (voyage) in his lifetime. 27.Yuan Longping is one of the ________ (great) scientists in China. 29.She is a ________ (gift) musician who has won many awards. 30.They are all great ________ (science) of our time. 五、完成句子 31.许多名字浮现在脑海中。 Many names ________ ________ ________. 32.我会把钱学森加到这个名单里。 I’ll ________ Qian Xuesen ________ the list. 33.在 20世纪60年代,他有了培育杂交水稻的想法。 In the 1960s, he ________ ________ ________ an idea for hybrid rice. 34.他毕业后,便在瑞士继续学习物理学。 After he finished school, he ________ ________ to study physics in Switzerland. 35.我们可以设定更高的目标,追求积极向上的心态,并做出更明智的决策。 We can ________ ________ ________, go for positive attitudes and make wiser decisions. 学科网(北京)股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ Unit4 Great people 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、人物・杰出人物 1.hero n.(英雄;偶像)He is a great hero in my heart.(他是我心中一位伟大的英雄。) 2.gifted adj.(有天赋的;有才华的)The gifted boy loves science very much.(这个有天赋的男孩非常热爱科学。) 3.mathematician n.(数学家)This mathematician worked hard all his life.(这位数学家一生刻苦钻研。) 4.pioneer n.(先驱;先锋)Yuan Longping was a pioneer of agriculture.(袁隆平是农业领域的先驱。) 5.writer n.(作家;作者)My mother wants to be a famous writer.(我的妈妈想要成为一名著名作家。) 6.educator n.(教育家)The great educator devoted himself to education.(这位伟大的教育家投身于教育事业。) 7.soldier n.(士兵;军人)The soldier protects our country bravely.(这名士兵勇敢地保卫我们的国家。) 8.pirate n.(海盗)In the story, the pirate sailed across the sea.(在故事里,海盗扬帆跨海航行。) 二、宇宙・航天・科学理论 1.rocket n.(火箭;火箭武器)The rocket will fly into space tomorrow.(这枚火箭明天将要飞向太空。) 2.rocketry n.(火箭学;火箭技术)He spends lots of time studying rocketry.(他花费大量时间研究火箭技术。) 3.universe n.(宇宙;世界)No one knows how big the universe is.(没有人知道宇宙有多大。) 4.theory n.(理论;学说;原理)His new theory changed people’s ideas.(他的新理论改变了人们的观念。) 5.relativity n.(相对论;相对性)Einstein is famous for the theory of relativity.(爱因斯坦因相对论而出名。) 6.planetary adj.(行星的)We are learning planetary science at school.(我们在校学习行星科学相关知识。) 7.intelligence n.(智慧)Human intelligence can create many great things.(人类的智慧可以创造许多伟大的事物。) 8.extend v.(扩展;延伸;给予)Scientists want to extend their research to outerspace.(科学家们想要将研究延伸到外太空。) 9.decimal adj.(小数的;十进位的)We use the decimal system in our maths class.(我们在数学课上使用十进制。) 三、航海・出行 1.sail v. & n.(航行)They plan to sail to the small island.(他们计划航行去那座小岛。) 2.voyage n.(航海;航行)The long voyage made him very tired.(漫长的航海旅程使他十分疲惫。) 3.spare v.(不吝惜(时间、金钱))She spares much time to help poor children.(她不惜花费很多时间帮助贫困儿童。) spare adj.(闲置的;备用的)Please take a spare battery with you.(请随身携带一块备用电池。) 四、奖励・成果收获 1.receive v.(收到;接纳)She will receive a big prize next week.(下周她将会收到一份大奖。) 2.prize n.(奖;奖品;奖赏)Tom won the first prize in the science competition.(汤姆赢得了科学比赛的一等奖。) 3.conclusion n.(结论;结尾)At last, we came to a useful conclusion.(最后,我们得出了一个有用的结论。) 4.course n.(进展;课程)In the course of the meeting, we discussed many problems.(在会议进程中,我们讨论了许多问题。) 五、农业・植物 1.hybrid adj.(杂交成的;混种的)This is a new hybrid rice.(这是一种新型杂交水稻。) 2. peanut n.(花生)Farmers grow lots of peanuts in this village.(这个村子里农民种植了很多花生。) 3. shade n.(树荫;阴凉处;阴影)We had a rest under the shade of a big tree.(我们在大树的树荫下休息。) 4. agriculture n.(农学;农业)More young people begin to study agriculture.(越来越多年轻人开始学习农业。) 5. variety n.((同一事物的)不同种类;多种样式)There are a variety of vegetables on the farm.(农场里有各种各样的蔬菜。) 6. introduction n.(引进;介绍)The introduction of new rice changed farmers’ life.(新品种水稻的引进改变了农民的生活。) 7. production n.(产量;生产)The production of rice has increased this year.(今年水稻产量提高了。) 8. tirelessly adv.(不知疲倦地)Yuan Longping worked tirelessly for farmers all his life.(袁隆平一生不知疲倦地为农民操劳。) 9.blind adj.(瞎的;失明的)The blind girl can play the piano very well.(这位失明的女孩钢琴弹得非常好。) 10.deaf adj.(聋的)The deaf boy learns to talk with others by gestures.(这个失聪男孩学习用手势与人交流。) 11.glad adj.(高兴的;乐意的)I’m glad to meet you at the party.(我很高兴能在聚会上见到你。) 六、社会・生活事物 1.pancake n.(烙饼;薄饼)My grandma makes delicious pancakes every morning.(奶奶每天早上都会做美味的烙饼。) 2.worst adv.(最差;最坏(badly 的最高级))He sang worst in our class yesterday.(昨天他在班里唱得最差。) 3.worst adj.(最差的;最坏的(bad 最高级))That was the worst day in my life.(那是我一生中最糟糕的一天。) 4. operate v.(动手术;经营;(使)运转)The doctor will operate on the sick man soon.(医生很快就要给这位病人做手术。) 短 语 一、动词短语 1.come to mind(被突然记起(或想到)) The great hero comes to mind when I see the picture.(当我看到这张照片,那位伟大的英雄就浮现在脑海。) 2.spare no effort to do(不遗余力地做……) We spare no effort to help the poor farmers.(我们不遗余力地帮助贫苦农民。) 3.have... in common(有相同的特征(或特点等)) The two pioneers have much in common.(这两位先驱有许多共同之处。) 4.go on(继续) Let’s go on with our research work.(让我们继续我们的研究工作。) 5.make progress(取得进步) You will make progress if you work hard.(如果你努力,就会取得进步。) 6.fnish university(大学毕业) He finished university at the age of 22.(他 22 岁时大学毕业。) 7.do one’s best(尽最大努力) She did her best to finish the difficult task.(她尽最大努力完成这项艰巨的任务。) 8.succeed in doing sth.(办到;做成) Yuan Longping succeeded in developing hybrid rice.(袁隆平成功培育出了杂交水稻。) 9.be introduced to(被引进到;被介绍给) This new technology was introduced to our country.(这项新技术被引进到我国。) 10.fall behind(落后) Study hard, or you will fall behind others.(努力学习,否则你就会落后于别人。) 11.set higher goals(制定更高的目标) After winning the prize, he set higher goals for himself.(获奖之后,他为自己制定了更高的目标。) 二、介词短语 1. in the field of(在…… 领域) He is a famous scientist in the field of agriculture.(他是农业领域一位著名的科学家。) 2. a number of(若干;许多)A number of students want to be mathematicians in the future.(许多学生将来想要成为数学家。) 3. in one’s spare time(在业余时间) He likes to do science research in his spare time.(他喜欢在业余时间做科学研究。) 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 一、问答观点类 1. What kind of people do you think can be considered great?(你认为什么样的人可以被称作伟大的人?) 2. What does the word "great" mean to you?(对你来说 “伟大” 这个词意味着什么?) 3. Many names come to mind.(很多名字浮现在脑海。) 4. Great people may differ in many ways, but they all have one thing in common.(伟人在很多方面各不相同,但他们都有一个共同点。) 二、人物生平介绍类 出生逝世 1. …was born in + 地点 + in + 年份.(某人于某年出生于某地。) 2. …died at the age of …(某人享年…… 岁。) 求学经历 1. After he finished university, he visited many countries.(大学毕业后,他走访了许多国家。) 成就贡献 1. He spared no effort to develop…(他不遗余力地研发……) 2. He succeeded in developing hybrid rice.(他成功培育出了杂交水稻。) 3. …was well‑known for…(…… 因…… 而出名。) 4. …made significant contributions to society.(…… 为社会做出了重大贡献。) 三、核心语法句型 1. 时间状语从句 When he was a young boy, he showed a strong interest in science and maths.(当他还是个小男孩的时候,他就对科学和数学表现出浓厚的兴趣。) 2. not only…but also… 不仅…… 而且……Bethune was not only an excellent doctor, but also an inventor.(白求恩不仅是一名优秀的医生,还是一位发明家。) 3. 条件状语从句(主将从现) You will fall behind if you give up jumping.(如果你放弃,你就会落后。) 3. 定语从句 The tools that he invented remain in use. 语法 1. 由before / after / as引导的时间状语从句 写作 描述人物的生平事迹 一、知识点精讲 1.spare v. 不吝惜(时间、金钱);抽出 【变形】spare adj. 闲置的;备用的 【常用搭配】 ①spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事 He spared no effort to develop China's rocketry programs. 他不遗余力地研发中国的火箭项目。 2.succeed v. 成功 【变形】 success n. 成功;successful adj. 成功的;successfully adv. 成功地 【常用搭配】 ①succeed in doing sth. 成功做成某事 He succeeded in developing hybrid rice in 1973. 1973 年,他成功培育出了杂交水稻。 3.introduce v. 引进;介绍 【变形】 introduction n. 引进;介绍 【常用搭配】 ①be introduced to 被引进到;被介绍给 The hybridrice technology was introduced to the US in 1980. 这项杂交水稻技术于 1980 年被引进到美国。 4.common adj. 共同的;普通的 【常用搭配】 ①have…in common 有相同的特征 / 共同点 Great people all have one thing in common. 伟人都有一个共同点。 5.progress n. [U] 进步 【常用搭配】 ①make progress 取得进步 As Helen grew older, she made a lot of progress. 随着海伦慢慢长大,她取得了很大进步。 6.field n. 领域;田野 【常用搭配】 ①in the field of 在…… 领域 Einstein became a pioneer in the field of modern physics. 爱因斯坦成为了现代物理学领域的先驱。 7.number n. 数量 【常用搭配】 ①a number of 若干;许多(后接可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数) She wrote a number of great books in her life. 她一生写了许多优秀的书籍。 8.contribute v. 贡献 【变形】contribution n. 贡献 【常用搭配】 ①make a contribution to (doing) sth. 为(做)某事做出贡献 Yuan Longping made a great contribution to global food production. 袁隆平为全球粮食生产做出了巨大贡献。 9.fall v. 落下;变得 【过去式过去分词】fallfellfallen 【常用搭配】 ①fall behind 落后 You will fall behind if you give up jumping. 如果你放弃,你就会落后。 10.sparetime 相关短语 【常用搭配】 ①in one’s spare time 在某人的业余时间 In his spare time, Yuan Longping loved playing the violin. 在业余时间,袁隆平喜欢拉小提琴。 11.famous adj. 著名的 【同义短语】 ①e famous for = be wellknown for 因…… 而出名 Einstein is most famous for his Theory of Relativity. 爱因斯坦最出名的成就是他的相对论。 12.not only…but also… 不仅…… 而且…… 【用法】连接两个并列成分;谓语动词遵循就近原则 Bethune was not only an excellent doctor, but also an inventor. 白求恩不仅是一名优秀的医生,还是一位发明家。 二、核心语法精讲 由before / after / as引导的时间状语从句 一、概述 【定义】由连词before、after、as引导,用来表示主句动作发生时间的从句,叫作时间状语从句。 【时态核心规则】主将从现。即当主句为一般将来时,before/after/as引导的时间状语从句,要用一般现在时表将来。 引导连词 含义 动作关系 before 在…… 之前 从句动作先发生,主句动作后发生 after 在…… 之后 从句动作先发生,主句动作后发生 as 当…… 时;随着;一边…… 一边 主句、从句动作同时发生 二、before 引导时间状语从句 【含义详解】before:在…… 之前 ;从句动作 → 先发生;主句动作 → 后发生。 【句式结构】主句 + before + 时间状语从句 【例句】 1.He wrote one last letter before he passed away. 翻译:他在去世之前写下了最后一封信。 2.Before Helen got sick, she was a bright and happy girl. 翻译:海伦生病之前,她是一个聪明快乐的女孩。 3.Every night, he read for half an hour before he went to sleep. 翻译:每天晚上,他睡觉之前都会读半小时书。 三、after 引导时间状语从句 【含义详解】在…… 之后 ;从句动作 → 先发生;主句动作 → 后发生 【句式结构】主句 + after + 时间状语从句 【例句】 1.After she lost her ability to see and hear, she became difficult and wild. 翻译:在她失去视听能力之后,她变得执拗又暴躁。 2.After Helen finished university, she visited many countries. 翻译:海伦大学毕业之后,走访了许多国家。 3. as 引导时间状语从句 【含义详解】当…… 的时候;随着;一边…… 一边 ;主句与从句的动作同步发生、伴随进行 。 【句式结构】主句 + as + 时间状语从句 【例句】 1.As time goes on, DNA will continue to play an important role in our health and technology. (随着时间的推移,DNA 将会持续在健康与科技领域发挥重要作用。) 2.As the candle burns, it uses the oxygen in the air. (蜡烛一边燃烧,一边消耗空气中的氧气。) 3.As Helen grew older, she made a lot of progress. (随着海伦渐渐长大,她取得了很大的进步。) 四、重难点 连词 词义 动作先后关系 时态注意事项 典型例句 before 在…… 之前 从句动作在前,主句在后 主过从过;主将从现 I will wash hands before I have dinner. 我吃饭前要洗手。 after 在…… 之后 从句动作在前,主句在后 主过从过;主将从现 I will go out after I finish my homework. 写完作业我就出门。 as 当…… 时;随着 主从句动作同时发生 多用进行时或延续性动词 As we walked, we talked happily. 我们边走边开心地聊天。 【易错提醒】 1.主将从现规则同样适用于before / after / as引导的时间状语从句。 例:I will call you as soon as I arrive.(主句将来时,从句一般现在时) 2.as 强调同步伴随,不能用来表示一先一后两个动作。 ❌错句:As he finished work, he went home. ✅正确:After he finished work, he went home. 三、单元写作清单 (一)话题分析 【本单元写作主题】 介绍一位伟大人物 / 英雄,讲述他‑她的生平经历、主要事迹、优秀品质以及对你产生的启发。 【写作任务】 搜索资料,写短文介绍一位伟大的人物,写作需要包含 四个要点: 1. 基本信息:出生、身份 2. 主要经历与成就(做了什么贡献) 3. 人物品质(智慧、勇气、毅力、无私奉献等) 4. 对你的启示、收获 【命题方向】 1.介绍一位中外杰出人物(袁隆平、海伦・凯勒、白求恩、钱学森等) 2.讲述身边平凡英雄(清洁工、母亲、救灾少年等) 3.话题议论:什么样的人可以被称作伟大的人、谁是你心中的英雄 【作文时态】 介绍生平、过往事迹:一般过去时 评价人物、抒发感悟:一般现在时 【作文体裁】人物介绍类记叙文 (2) 写作框架:四段式模板 【审题四问】 是否介绍清楚人物;是否说明人物的事迹;是否描述主要事迹;是否写出人物带来的影响。 第一段:开篇点题 —— 引出你心中的英雄 / 伟人 句型: 1. My hero is ______. 2. One of the greatest people I admire is ______. 3. There are many great people in the world, and my favourite one is ______. 第二段:介绍人物生平与经历(时间顺序) 要点:出生→成长经历→重要事件 时间连接词:before / after / as After he graduated from university, …在他大学毕业后…… As he grew older, …随着他渐渐长大…… 第三段:介绍成就、贡献与优秀品质 句型: 1. He succeeded in doing sth. 他成功做成某事。 2. He made a great contribution to… 他为……做出巨大贡献。 3. He was not only…but also…他不仅…… 而且…… 第四段:结尾评价 + 个人感悟升华 句型: 1. He is famous for his hard‑work and courage. 2. I learn a lot from him. I will… 3. He sets a good example for us. (三)写作素材 【好词积累】 1.hero 英雄;2.pioneer 先驱;3.scientist 科学家;4.educator 教育家;5.soldier 士兵 6.intelligence 智慧;7.courage 勇气;8.contribution 贡献;9.achieve 实现;10.develop 研发 11. spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事12. succeed in doing sth. 成功做成某事 13. make a great contribution to… 为…… 做出巨大贡献14. in the field of… 在…… 领域 15. a number of 许多16. in one’s spare time 在某人业余时间 17. be famous for /be well‑known for 因…… 而出名18. fall behind 落后 【好句积累】 生平经历句 1. After he finished his university, he began his research.在他大学毕业后,他开始了研究工作。 2. As time went by, he made great progress.随着时间流逝,他取得了巨大进步。 3. Before he passed away, he wrote a letter.在去世之前,他写下一封信。 描写成就句 1. He succeeded in developing hybrid rice.他成功培育出了杂交水稻。 2. He was not only a great scientist, but also a warm‑hearted man.他不仅是一位伟大的科学家,而且是一个热心的人。 3. He made important contributions to our country.他为祖国做出了重要贡献。 感悟升华句 1. I learn that I should never give up when I meet difficulties.我明白了遇到困难绝不应该放弃。 2. He is my hero and I want to be a person like him in the future.他是我的英雄,将来我也想成为像他一样的人。 (四)范文背诵 范文1: My hero is Helen Keller, a great woman who overcame blindness and deafness. Before she met her teacher Anne Sullivan, she couldn’t communicate with other people. After Anne helped her patiently, Helen learned words and made great progress. As she grew older, she learned to read and write and became a famous writer. She wrote lots of books and helped many disabled people around the world. I admire her strong courage and determination. She teaches me nothing is impossible if I never give up. 范文2 The international hero I admire most is Norman Bethune. He was a Canadian doctor who came to China to help during the war. Before he came to China, he was already a famous doctor in Canada. After he arrived in northern China, he organized hospitals and trained many doctors and nurses. He worked tirelessly in difficult conditions and once operated for sixty-nine hours without stopping. He showed great courage and selflessness. I have learned from Bethune that true greatness means helping others without thinking about oneself. He will be remembered by people forever. 易错点 01:succeed in 后接动名词误区 【助记口诀】 介词后面 doing,in 后动词变 ing 【一句话辨异】 短语succeed in doing sth.(成功做成某事)中in为介词,介词之后的动词必须变为‑ing 动名词形式,不能使用动词原形。 【错因辨析】 容易直接写出succeed in do sth.,忘记介词 in 后面动词要加 ing。 【对点训练】 1. The scientist succeeded in ______ a new kind of plant. A. develop B. developing C. to develop 【答案】B 【解析】固定搭配`succeed in doing sth.`,in 是介词,后面动词用动名词 doing 形式。 易错点 02:introduce 被动语态时态误区‑be introduced to 【助记口诀】 过去时间作标志,be 动词时态看过去 【一句话辨异】 出现过去时间状语(in 1980…),be introduced to被动结构中 be 动词要使用过去式 was/were。 【错因辨析】 1. 看到被动含义就一直用is introduced to,忽略句子为过去时态。 2. 主语 technology 是单数,be 动词误用复数 were。 ✅正确:The hybrid‑rice technology was introduced to the US in 1980. ❌错误:The hybrid‑rice technology is introduced to the US in 1980. 【对点训练】 3. This new technology ______ many foreign countries in 1990. A. introduced to B. was introduced to C. is introduced to 【答案】B 【解析】时间状语 in 1990 表示过去;主语和 introduce 为被动关系;单数名词搭配 was。 易错点 03:progress 不可数名词易错点 【助记口诀】 progress 进步不可数,永远不加 a/an,永远没有‑s 【一句话辨异】 progress为不可数名词,表达 “取得进步” 固定搭配make progress. 【错因辨析】 1. 受中文 “一项进步” 误导,添加不定冠词 a。 2. 误给 progress 加上复数‑es。 ✅正确:she made a lot of progress. ❌错误:she made a progress /she made progresses. 【对点训练】 3. He has made great ______ in his English study. A. progress B. progresses C. a progress 【答案】A 【解析】progress 不可数名词,无复数,前面不能加不定冠词 a。 易错点 04:a number of 谓语动词主谓一致误区 【助记口诀】 a number of 许多,后面谓语要用复数;the number of 数量,谓语单数要记住 【一句话辨异】 a number of + 可数名词复数`含义为 “许多”,作主语时谓语动词用复数;the number of+名词表示 “…… 的数量”,谓语动词用单数。 【错因辨析】 1. 混淆a number of与the number of,谓语动词单复数写反。 ✅正确:A number of students are in the classroom. ✅正确:The number of students is 50. 【对点训练】 1. A number of visitors ______ to this old village every year. A. comes B. come C. is coming 【答案】B 【解析】a number of 表示许多,后面谓语动词用复数形式 come。 易错点 05:make a contribution to 介词陷阱 【助记口诀】to 在这里是介词,后面动词变 ing 【一句话辨异】 make a contribution to (doing) sth.为…… 做出贡献,此处to是介词,后面接名词或者doing 动名词,不能接动词原形。 【错因辨析】 1. 思维定势,一看见 to 就加动词原形 do。 ✅正确:He made a great contribution to protecting our environment. ❌错误:He made a great contribution to protect our environment. 【对点训练】 1. Yuan Longping made a contribution to ______ hybrid rice. A. develop B. developing C. developed 【答案】B 【解析】固定短语 make a contribution to,to 为介词,其后动词用 doing 形式。 易错点 06:before/after/as 时间状语从句‑主将从现 【助记口诀】 主将从现要记牢,将来主句现在从句 【一句话辨异】 当before / after / as引导时间状语从句,主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表将来,从句不能出现 will。 【错因辨析】 1. 主从句都写成将来时,重复使用 will。 ✅正确:I will go out after I finish my homework. ❌错误:I will go out after I will finish my homework. 【对点训练】 1. He will read books before he ______ to sleep. A. will go B. goes C. went 【答案】B 【解析】before 引导时间状语从句,主句将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来;主语 he,动词用 goes。 易错点 07:as 引导时间状语从句动作误区 【助记口诀】as 表同步伴先后,先后动作 after 担 【一句话辨异】 as 只能引导同时发生的动作;表示一先一后发生的两个动作,只能用 after/before,绝对不能用 as。 【错因辨析】 分不清动作先后,两个先后发生的动作用 as 引导,属于高频错误。 ✅正确:After he finished his work, he went home. ❌错误:As he finished his work, he went home. 【对点训练】 1. ______ he left school, he found a good‑job. A. As B. After C. When 【答案】B 【解析】“毕业” 和 “找到工作” 是先后发生的动作,不能用 as(同步伴随),after 表示在…… 之后。 易错点 08:not only…but also… 就近原则误区 【助记口诀】not only…but also,谓语就近看后边 【一句话辨异】 not only…but also…(不仅…… 而且)连接两个主语时,谓语动词的单复数由离它最近的主语决定。 【错因辨析】 1. 看见两个主语,就直接用复数谓语,忽略就近原则。 ✅正确:Not only you but also he likes English. 【对点训练】 1. Not only his parents but also his brother ______ to the museum. A. go B. goes C. going 【答案】B 【解析】就近原则,谓语动词由 his brother(单数)决定,所以用 goes。 一、单项选择 1.He came up ________ an idea for hybrid rice. A.to B.for C.with D.of 【答案】C 【详解】句意:他想出了一个关于杂交水稻的主意。 to到;for为了;with和……一起;of ……的。come up with是固定短语,意为“想出,提出”。根据句意可知此处表示想出主意。 2.He read for half an hour ________ he went to sleep. A.when B.before C.as D.after 【答案】B 【详解】句意:他在睡觉前读了半小时的书。 when当……时候;before在……之前;as当……时;after在……之后。根据“He read for half an hour”与“he went to sleep”的逻辑关系及生活常识可知,读书的动作通常发生在睡觉之前。应填before。 3.Qian Xuesen spared no effort ________ China’s rocketry programs. A.develop B.to develop C.developing D.developed 【答案】B 【详解】句意:钱学森不遗余力地发展中国的火箭项目。 develop动词原形;to develop动词不定式;developing动名词或现在分词;developed过去式或过去分词。此处需用动词不定式形式to develop,表示不遗余力地发展中国的火箭项目,spare no effort to do sth“不遗余力地做某事”。 4.Yuan Longping was born ________ 1930 ________ China. A.in; at B.on; in C.in; in D.at; on 【答案】C 【详解】句意:袁隆平于1930 年出生于中国。 in用于年份、月份、季节等;at用于具体时刻;on用于具体日期。第一空年份1930 前用in;第二空国家China前用in。 5.He spent much of his time ________ and developing new varieties. A.research B.to research C.researched D.researching 【答案】D 【详解】句意:他花费了大量时间研究并开发新品种。 “spend time (in) doing sth.”意为“花费时间做某事”,且空处与developing由and连接构成并列关系,应用动名词形式。应选researching。 二、完形填空 阅读短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 My grandfather often tells me stories about great people in Chinese history. He says that every great person has a unique 6 to share. One of his favorite stories is about a scientist 7 spent his whole life studying astronomy. This scientist lived during the Ming Dynasty. He did not have modern 8 like telescopes or computers. But he was very 9 and patient. He watched the stars every night for over 30 years. He recorded everything he saw in 10 notebooks. His work 11 the foundation for later astronomical research in China. My grandfather 12 me that this scientist was not born great. He was just an ordinary person who had a strong 13 to learn. He never gave up, even when he faced difficulties. His   14 teaches us that anyone can achieve great things with 15 , dedication, and hard work. 6.A.story B.lesson C.report D.problem 7.A.which B.whom C.who D.whose 8.A.books B.tools C.courses D.rules 9.A.lazy B.careless C.hardworking D.humorous 10.A.his B.her C.their D.our 11.A.laid B.lay C.lied D.lain 12.A.asked B.ordered C.warned D.told 13.A.doubt B.desire C.promise D.chance 14.A.failure B.mistake C.example D.excuse 15.A.creativity B.luck C.money D.patience 【答案】 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.A 11.A 12.D 13.B 14.C 15.D 【导语】本文讲述了爷爷经常给“我”讲述中国历史名人的故事,介绍了明代一位毕生研究天文学的科学家,告诉我们普通人凭借耐心、专注与努力也可以成就伟大的事。 【详解】6.句意:他说每一位伟人都拥有独特的故事可以分享。 根据“My grandfather often tells me stories”可知此处表达每个人都有专属故事可供分享,story意为“故事”,符合语境。lesson意为“经验教训”,report意为“报告”,problem意为“问题”,均不符合语境。 7.句意:他最喜欢的一则故事是关于一位毕生研究天文学的科学家。 句子是定语从句,先行词scientist指人,关系代词在从句中充当主语,此处选择who。which“指代事物”,whom“在从句作宾语”,whose“作定语”,均不符合句子结构。 8.句意:他没有望远镜、电脑这类现代化工具。 望远镜和电脑都属于观测使用的工具,此处选择tools。books“书籍”,courses“课程”,rules“规章”,均不符合语境。 9.句意:但是他十分勤奋,并且富有耐心。 后文提到坚持观测星空三十余年,体现人物勤恳的品质,此处选择hardworking。lazy“懒惰的”,careless“粗心的”,humorous“幽默的”,均不符合语境。 10.句意:他把自己观测到的一切记录在他的笔记本里。 代词指代文中男性科学家,此处选择his。her“她的”,their“他们的”,our“我们的”,均不符合指代关系。 11.句意:他的著作为中国后续的天文研究奠定了基础。 固定短语lay the foundation意为“奠定基础”,全文使用过去时态,此处选择过去式laid。lied“说谎”,lay“躺,位于”,lain“躺”,均不符合搭配与时态要求。 12.句意:爷爷告诉我这位科学家并非天生伟大。 后文引出爷爷分享的观点内容,需要表达“告知”含义,此处选择told。asked“询问”,ordered“命令”,warned“警告”,均不符合语境。 13.句意:他只是一个拥有强烈求知渴望的普通人。 根据“a strong...to learn”可知是拥有强烈的求知渴望,此处选择desire。doubt“怀疑”,promise“承诺”,chance“机会”,均不符合语境。 14.句意:他的事例告诉我们,任何人都可以成就伟大的事。 文中借助这位科学家的例子启发他人,此处选择example。failure“失败”,mistake“错误”,excuse“借口”,均不符合语境。 15.句意:任何人凭借耐心、专注和勤奋努力都能成就大事。 空格词汇与dedication、hard work并列,属于优秀品质,此处选择patience。creativity“创造力”,luck“运气”,money“金钱”,均不符合语境。 三、阅读理解 A Star Woman— Wang Zhenyi Wang Zhenyi, born in 1768, was a great woman scientist in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, girls couldn’t get a good education, but her father encouraged her to read books and educate herself. She became interested in astronomy (天文学), math, geography, medicine and poems. In 1786, she decided to give much attention to astronomy, math and poems. After years of hard work, she achieved a lot. Wang Zhenyi (1768—1797) Her achievements: ◎ Found out when the eclipses (日蚀, 月蚀) of the sun and the moon would happen. ◎ Learned a lot about how the sun, the moon and the earth move in space. ◎Made some new rules in math. ◎Wrote many books and poems. Sadly, Wang died when she was only 29 years old. Even though her life was short, her thoughts and discoveries live on. In 2000, a planet was named after her. Her spirit and hard work continue to inspire people today. 16.When was Wang Zhenyi born? A.In 1768. B.In 1786. C.In 1797. D.In 2000. 17.According to the passage, what did Wang Zhenyi decide to give much attention to? A.Math, geography and medicine. B.Astronomy, math and poems. C.Astronomy, medicine and poems. D.Astronomy, medicine and geography. 18.What can we learn from Wang Zhenyi? A.It is easy to become successful. B.Nothing is impossible if we work hard. C.Women are always wiser than men. D.It was impossible for a woman to be a scientist in ancient times. 19.How many achievements did Wang Zhenyi make? A.5. B.6. C.4. D.3. 20.In which part of a magazine can you probably read the passage? A.Health. B.Business. C.Sports. D.People. 【答案】16.A 17.B 18.B 19.C 20.D 【导语】本文是一篇人物介绍类记叙文,主要介绍了清代女科学家王贞仪的生平事迹,包括她的学习经历、取得的成就以及后世对她的纪念。   【详解】16.第一段指出“Wang Zhenyi, born in 1768”,说明王贞仪出生于1768年。 17.第一段指出“In 1786, she decided to give much attention to astronomy, math and poems.”,说明她决定专注于天文学、数学和诗歌。 18.王贞仪在清代女性无法接受良好教育的背景下,通过自学取得多项成就,说明“努力可以成就一切”。 19.表格中“Her achievements”部分列出了她的四项成就:发现日食和月食时间、了解太阳月球和地球的运行规律、制定数学新规则、撰写多部书籍和诗歌。 20.文章介绍了一位历史人物的生平和成就,因此最可能出现在杂志的“人物”板块。 四、单词拼写 21.He spared no effort ________ (develop) the new technology. 【答案】to develop 【详解】句意:他不遗余力地开发这项新技术。此处使用短语spare no effort to do sth.,意为“不遗余力做某事”;故填入动词develop的不定式结构to develop。 22.Qi Jiguang led his army to attack Japanese ________ (pirate) bravely. 【答案】pirates 【详解】句意:戚继光率领他的军队勇敢地抗击倭寇。句中pirate为可数名词,意为“海盗”,此处表示泛指多个倭寇,要用复数形式,pirate的复数直接在词尾加‑s,故填pirates。 23.Their stories ________ (inspire) us to work harder and dream bigger. 【答案】inspire 【详解】句意:他们的故事激励我们更加努力,心怀更大的梦想。句子主语“Their stories”为复数形式,不使用第三人称单数形式。本句陈述客观事实、普遍道理,应用一般现在时,主语是复数,动词用原形。 24.Qian Xuesen made great ________ (contribute) to China’s space industry. 【答案】contributions 【详解】句意:钱学森为中国的航天事业作出了巨大贡献。“contribute”是动词,此处需要名词作“made”的宾语,“make great contributions to...”是固定搭配,意为“为……作出巨大贡献”,此处贡献是复数概念,故用名词复数形式“contributions”。 25.Many ________ (nation) heroes have made great contributions to our country. 【答案】national 【详解】句意:许多民族英雄为我们的国家做出了巨大贡献。句中修饰名词heroes需要使用形容词,nation是名词,意为“国家;民族”,它的形容词形式为national,意为“民族的;国家的”,故填national。 26.Zheng He completed seven ________ (voyage) in his lifetime. 【答案】voyages 【详解】句意:郑和在他的一生中完成了七次航行。根据数词“seven”可知,此处需填可数名词的复数形式。“voyage”意为“航行;航海”,其复数形式为voyages。 27.Yuan Longping is one of the ________ (great) scientists in China. 【答案】greatest 【详解】句意:袁隆平是中国最伟大的科学家之一。“one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”意为“……中最……之一”,great的最高级形式是greatest,此处需用其最高级形式修饰scientists,故填greatest。 28.Great people are admired for their ________ (create) and intelligence. 【答案】creativity 【详解】句意:伟人因其创造力与智慧受人钦佩。create“创造”,动词,their后需要名词,故填create对应的名词creativity,意为“创造力”。 29.She is a ________ (gift) musician who has won many awards. 【答案】gifted 【详解】句意:她是一名有天赋的音乐家,赢得过许多奖项。空格后是名词musician,需要使用形容词作定语修饰名词;gift是名词,意为“礼物;天赋”,gifted是形容词,表示“有天赋的”,符合语境。 30.They are all great ________ (science) of our time. 【答案】scientists 【详解】句意:他们都是我们这个时代伟大的科学家。science意为“科学”,是名词。根据“They are”可知,此处应填复数名词,表示人,scientist“科学家”符合语境,其复数形式是scientists。 五、完成句子 31.许多名字浮现在脑海中。 Many names ________ ________ ________. 【答案】 come to mind 【详解】原句中“浮现在脑海中”是关键词。表示“浮现在脑海中”的短语是come to mind,主语names是复数,时态是一般现在时,谓语动词用原形。故填come;to;mind。 32.我会把钱学森加到这个名单里。 I’ll ________ Qian Xuesen ________ the list. 【答案】 add to 【详解】原句中“加到……里”是关键词,表示“把……加到……”的短语是add…to…。本句为一般将来时,will后接动词原形。 33.在 20世纪60年代,他有了培育杂交水稻的想法。 In the 1960s, he ________ ________ ________ an idea for hybrid rice. 【答案】 came up with 【详解】原句中 “有了……的想法” 是关键词,根据题干中文 “有了……的想法” 可知此处意为 “想出”,表示 “想出” 的短语是come up with。本句为一般过去时,come的过去式是came。故填came;up;with。 34.他毕业后,便在瑞士继续学习物理学。 After he finished school, he ________ ________ to study physics in Switzerland. 【答案】 went on 【详解】原句中“继续”是关键词,用固定搭配go on to do sth.表示“做完某事后继续做另一件事”。前半句使用了一般过去时,主句的谓语动词也应用一般过去时。故填went;on。 35.我们可以设定更高的目标,追求积极向上的心态,并做出更明智的决策。 We can ________ ________ ________, go for positive attitudes and make wiser decisions. 【答案】 set higher goals 【详解】原句中“设定更高的目标”为关键词,表示“设定目标”的短语是set goals,“更高的”用形容词比较级higher,修饰名词goals;空格前情态动词“can”后接动词原形set,故填set;higher;goals。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 4 Great people(知识清单)英语新教材冀教版九年级上册
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Unit 4 Great people(知识清单)英语新教材冀教版九年级上册
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Unit 4 Great people(知识清单)英语新教材冀教版九年级上册
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