Unit 3 Hobbies 基础知识总结及练习（知识清单）-2026-2027学年译林版（三起）英语五年级上册

该小学英语知识清单系统梳理了译林版（三起）五年级上册Unit 3 Hobbies的核心内容。从重点词汇（含词性、复数变化、搭配及例句）出发，延伸到重点短语，进而掌握核心句型（询问与表达爱好、擅长及能力），最终聚焦重点语法（动名词作宾语、第三人称单数疑问句、can的用法），形成由词到句再到语法的学习支架。 知识链路按“词汇—短语—句型—语法”逻辑递进，词汇解析精准（如hobbies复数变化、play与球类/乐器搭配规则），句型结合语境示例，语法配规则总结与错误分析。随堂练习多样（填空、选择、改写等），强化语言能力，通过对比与错误辨析提升思维品质，助力学生掌握科学学习策略，体现英语学科特色学习方法。

译林版（三起）五年级上册 Unit 3 Hobbies 基础知识总结及练习 一、重点词汇 1. hobby 爱好 词性：名词（可数），复数：hobbies（辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加-es） 常见搭配：have hobbies 有爱好 / many hobbies 许多爱好 / What's your hobby? 你的爱好是什么？ 例句：My hobby is reading. 2. dance 跳舞 词性：动词/名词 第三人称单数：dances 现在分词：dancing 常用短语：like dancing 喜欢跳舞 / dance well 跳得好 注意：like后接动词-ing形式（like doing） 例句：She likes dancing. 3. draw 画画 词性：动词 第三人称单数：draws 现在分词：drawing 常用短语：draw pictures 画画 / draw flowers 画花 例句：She can draw very beautiful pictures. 4. swim 游泳 词性：动词 第三人称单数：swims 现在分词：swimming（重读闭音节，双写m加-ing） 常用短语：go swimming 去游泳 / like swimming 喜欢游泳 / swim fast 游得快 例句：He is good at swimming. 5. skate 溜冰 词性：动词 第三人称单数：skates 现在分词：skating 常用短语：go skating 去溜冰 / like skating 喜欢溜冰 例句：I like skating in winter. 6. play 玩；演奏；打（球） 词性：动词 第三人称单数：plays 现在分词：playing 常见搭配： play + 球类（不加the）→ play football / play basketball / play table tennis play + 乐器（加the）→ play the piano / play the guitar / play the violin play with + 玩具/人 → play with toys / play with friends 例句：He likes playing the piano. 例句：They play football after school. 7. piano 钢琴 词性：名词（可数），复数：pianos 常见搭配：play the piano 弹钢琴（乐器前加定冠词the） 例句：She plays the piano every day. 8. guitar 吉他 词性：名词（可数），复数：guitars 常见搭配：play the guitar 弹吉他（乐器前加定冠词the） 例句：He also likes playing the guitar. 9. violin 小提琴 词性：名词（可数），复数：violins 常见搭配：play the violin 拉小提琴（乐器前加定冠词the） 例句：My sister can play the violin. 10. sing 唱歌 词性：动词 第三人称单数：sings 现在分词：singing 常用短语：like singing 喜欢唱歌 / sing a song 唱一首歌 / sing well 唱得好 例句：Lucy likes singing English songs. 11. good at 擅长 词性：介词短语（后接名词、代词或动名词） 用法：be good at + 名词/动名词（doing） 例句：He is good at swimming. 例句：She is good at drawing flowers. 【随堂练习】 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. He has many ______(hobby). 2. My sister likes ______(dance). 3. Tom is good at ______(swim). 4. She can ______(draw) nice pictures. 5. He likes ______(play) the piano. 二、单项选择 ( ) 1. —What’s your hobby? —My hobby is ______. A. skate B. skating C. skates ( ) 2. She ______ every day. A. plays piano B. plays the piano C. play the piano ( ) 3. There are three ______ in the music room. A. piano B. pianos C. pianoes ( ) 4. He likes ______. He can ______ well. A. sing;sing B. singing;sings C. singing;sing ( ) 5. —What does he like doing? —He likes ______. A. swim B. swimming C. swims 二、重点短语 like dancing 喜欢跳舞 like drawing 喜欢画画 like swimming 喜欢游泳 like skating 喜欢溜冰 like singing 喜欢唱歌 like reading 喜欢阅读 play the piano 弹钢琴 play the guitar 弹吉他 play the violin 拉小提琴 play football 踢足球 play basketball 打篮球 play table tennis 打乒乓球 be good at 擅长…… be interested in 对……感兴趣 practise every day 每天练习 go swimming 去游泳 go skating 去溜冰 【随堂练习】 三、英汉互译 1. 喜欢溜冰 ____________ 2. play table tennis ____________ 3. 擅长 ____________ 4. go swimming ____________ 5. play the violin ____________ 四、选出翻译错误的一项 ( ) 1. A. like reading 喜欢阅读 B. play football 踢足球 C. play guitar 弹吉他 ( ) 2. A. go skating 去溜冰 B. be good at 对……感兴趣 C. practise every day 每天练习 ( ) 3. A. play basketball 打篮球 B. play piano 弹钢琴 C. like singing 喜欢唱歌 ( ) 4. A. be interested in 对……感兴趣 B. play the piano 弹钢琴 C. like dance 喜欢跳舞 ( ) 5. A. go swimming 去游泳 B. play table tennis 踢足球 C. like drawing 喜欢画画 三、核心句型 1. 询问对方的爱好 What's your hobby? What do you like doing? 例句：What do you like doing? I like reading. 例句：What's your hobby? My hobby is dancing. 2. 询问他人的爱好 What does + 某人 + like doing? What is + 某人的 + hobby? 例句：What does your father like doing? He likes fishing. 例句：What is your brother's hobby? His hobby is watching cartoons. 3. 表达自己或他人的爱好 主语 + like/likes + 动名词（doing）. 注意：主语为第三人称单数时，like加-s（likes） 例句：I like swimming.（主语I，like用原形） 例句：She likes dancing.（主语She为第三人称单数，like加-s） 例句：They like playing football.（主语They为复数，like用原形） 4. 表达某人擅长某事 主语 + be动词 + good at + 名词/动名词. 注意：主语为第三人称单数时，be动词用is；复数和I用are/am 例句：He is good at swimming. 例句：They are good at playing basketball. 5. 表达某人能做某事 主语 + can + 动词原形 + ... 注意：can是情态动词，没有人称变化，后接动词原形 例句：She can dance very well. 例句：They can play table tennis. 【随堂练习】 五、按要求改写句子 1. I like reading.（对划线部分提问） ____________________________________ 2. She likes dancing.（改为一般疑问句） ____________________________________ 3. What’s your hobby?（根据提示回答，提示：play football） ____________________________________ 4. My father likes fishing.（对划线部分提问） ____________________________________ 5. Her hobby is watching cartoons.（改为同义句） ____________________________________ 六、情景选择 1. 你想询问对方爱好，你可以说：____ A. What do you like doing? B. What are you doing? 2. 你想问你的哥哥爱好是什么，可以说：____ A. What does your brother like doing? B. What does my brother like doing? 3. 别人问你爱好，你回答“我喜欢游泳”：____ A. I like swim. B. I like swimming. 4. 询问别人是否擅长打篮球：____ A. Are you good at playing basketball? B. Do you good at playing basketball? 5. “他的爱好是弹钢琴。”正确句子：____ A. His hobby is play the piano. B. His hobby is playing the piano. 四、重点语法 1. 动名词（动词-ing形式）作宾语 在like, enjoy, love等动词后，要接动名词（动词-ing形式）作宾语，表示"喜欢做某事"。 基本结构：like/enjoy/love + doing 例句：I like reading books. 例句：She enjoys singing. 例句：He loves playing football. 动词-ing形式的构成规则： 一般情况：直接在词尾加-ing → read→reading, play→playing, sing→singing 以不发音的e结尾：去掉e再加-ing → dance→dancing, skate→skating, ride→riding 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母：双写该辅音字母再加-ing → swim→swimming, run→running, sit→sitting 以ie结尾：变ie为y再加-ing → die→dying, lie→lying 2. 一般现在时中，第三人称单数的特殊疑问句 结构：What + does + 第三人称单数主语 + like + doing? 例句：What does your sister like doing? 回答：She likes singing. 结构：What + is + 某人的 + hobby? 例句：What is Tom's hobby? 回答：His hobby is playing football. 注意： 当主语为第三人称单数时，助动词用does，其后动词用原形 错误：What does she likes doing? （用了does，动词必须用原形） 正确：What does she like doing? 3. can的用法 can是情态动词，表示"能；会"，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。 肯定句：主语 + can + 动词原形. 例句：She can swim very well. 否定句：主语 + cannot/can't + 动词原形. 例句：He can't play the piano. 一般疑问句：Can + 主语 + 动词原形? 例句：Can your sister play the violin? 肯定回答：Yes, she can. 否定回答：No, she can't. 注意： can后面永远接动词原形，不能接动词的第三人称单数形式或-ing形式。 错误：She can dances well. 正确：She can dance well. 【随堂练习】 7、 用动词正确形式填空 1. She likes ______(dance). 2. What ______(do) your mother like doing? 3. He can ______(play) basketball well. 4. They are good at ______(run). 5. My brother ______(like) drawing pictures. 八、改错，划出错误并写出正确答案 1. What does she likes doing? ____________ 2. She can dances very well. ____________ 3. He like playing football. ____________ 4. I like swim in summer. ____________ 5. She is good at draw. ____________ 【参考答案】 一、 1. hobbies 2. dancing 3. swimming 4. draw 5. playing 二、1.B 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 三、 1. like skating 2. 打乒乓球 3. be good at 4. 去游泳 5. 拉小提琴 四、 1.C 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 五、 1. What do you like doing? 2. Does she like dancing? 3. My hobby is playing football. 4. What does your father like doing? 5. She likes watching cartoons. 六、 1.A 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B 七、 1. dancing 2. does 3. play 4. running 5. likes 八、 1. likes→like 2. dances→dance 3. like→likes 4. swim→swimming 5. draw→drawing 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $