Units 5～6（语法综合练）英语新教材外研版九年级上册

**基本信息** 本专项聚焦关系代词与派生法，通过表格对比与规则提炼构建系统方法体系，强化语法应用与词汇拓展能力，助力语言能力与学习能力提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |关系代词|4类关系词+4种that特殊用法|“作用-先行词-例句”三维对比，归纳that独用规则|从基本连接功能到特殊情境应用，形成“概念-分类-例外”逻辑链| |派生法|12类前缀+3类后缀|按功能（否定/时间/数量等）分类词缀，明确构词规则|从前缀改变词义到后缀转变词性，构建“词缀-含义-例词”推导关系|

专题01 Units5 ~6（语法综合练） （建议用时：40分钟） (一)关系代词既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。 关系词 作用 先行词 例句 that,who, whom(只作 宾语) 主语、宾 语、表语 人 Do you know the old man who/that is standing under the tree?你认识站在树下的那个老人吗? that,which 主语、宾 语、表语 物 She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her.她有一台电脑,这台电脑是她父母买给她的。 whose 定语 人/物 The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.这个男孩学习非常刻苦,他爸爸是位医生。 The room whose window is open is mine.开着窗户的那个房间是我的。 二、关系代词的用法 1.下列情况下,先行词指物时,只能用that引导,不能用which引导: (1)当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等代词时。 Is there anything that you don’t understand?你有什么不懂的地方吗? Tom told his mother all that had happened.汤姆把发生的一切都告诉了他的妈妈。 (2)当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时。 This is the only book that I can find.这是我能找到的唯一的一本书。 (3)当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。 This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的书。 (4)当主句是以特殊疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。 Which is the hotel that you like best?哪个是你最喜欢的旅馆? 派生法 一、常用前缀 1.否定前缀 词缀 含义 例词 ab-；abs- 相反；变坏；离去 abuse滥用；虐待abnormal反常的 un- 不；未；非；反 unable不能的unknown未知的unusual不寻常的 dis- 不；非；相反 disadvantage不利因素disagree不同意 in-（变体im-;ir-;il-） 不；非；无 incorrect不正确的inactive不活跃的 impatient不耐烦的impolite不礼貌的 irregular不规则的illegal不合法的 mis- 坏（或错）的；糟糕（或错误）地 mistake错误misunderstand误解 2.常用前缀 （1）表示时间、序列、位置的前缀 前缀 含义 示例 re- 又；再；重新 rebuild重建 fore- 先于；预先 forecast预报 pre- 在……前 prewar战前的 sub- 在……下面 subway地铁 ex- 前任 ex-president前总统 post- 后；以后 postgraduate研究生postwar战后的 under- 在下面;在……之下;不足 undersea海底的underline在……下画线 （2）表示比较程度差别、数量关系的前缀 前缀 含义 示例 micro- 微小的 microwave微波 multi- 多个；许多 multimedia多媒体的 vice- 副 vice-president副总统 sub- 亚于；分支 subtitle副标题 semi- 半 semi-final半决赛 tri- 三 triangle三角形 （3）引起词性变化的前缀 前缀 含义 示例 a- 处于……状态 asleep睡着的 en- 使…… enlarge扩大 （4）表示其他含义的前缀 前缀 含义 示例 tele- 远的 telephone电话television电视 auto- 自动的;自己的 automatic自动的autobiography自传 eco- 生态的 ecosystem生态系统 inter- 在……之间;相互的 international国际的Internet网络 interview采访;会见interact相互作用 trans- 穿越;从……到 transatlantic横渡大西洋的translate翻译 transplant移植 二、常用后缀 1.构成名词的后缀 词缀 含义 例词 -al 表示过程或状态 survival幸存 arrival到达 -an；-ian；-ean ……地方的人；……时期的人 Asian亚洲人Brazilian巴西人Roman古罗马人 专长于……的人； ……地方的人 European欧洲人mathematician数学家 magician魔术师 -ance;-ence 表示行动或状况 appearance出现；外貌importance重要性 confidence信心 -ant;-ent ……人； ……事物 accountant会计applicant申请人president总统 resident居民；住户 -arian 相信……的人；实行……的人 librarian图书管理员vegetarian素食者 -ary 与……有关的人/物 boundary边界；界限secretary秘书 -cy 具有……的状态（或性质） accuracy准确性diplomacy外交 -dom 表示状况或状态 wisdom智慧freedom自由 表示职位、地位、领域 kingdom王国 -eer 与……有关的人 engineer工程师；技师pioneer先锋；开拓者 volunteer志愿者 -er；-or ……的人或物 astronomer天文学家reporter记者creator创造者 inventor发明者；发明家 -ese ……国（或城市）的人；……国（或城市）的语言 Chinese中国人；汉语Portuguese葡萄牙人；葡萄牙语 Japanese日本人；日语 -ess 女…… hostess女主人actress女演员waitress女服务员 -hood ……的状态（或性质）；（某类人的）集体 childhood儿童时期livelihood生计 neighborhood街区；居住区 -ibility 可……性； 易……性 possibility可能性flexibility灵活性 responsibility责任 -ics ……的科学（或艺术、活动） mathematics数学physics物理学athletics田径运动 -ing 行动或过程的产物或结果 feeling感觉；感受building建筑物 training培训；训练 -ion；-sion；-tion；-ation） ……行为；……状态 fashion时髦discussion讨论competition竞争 information信息 -ist ……的信仰者；从事……的人；……使用者 socialist社会主义者scientist科学家 dentist牙科医生violinist小提琴手 -ity；-ty ……性质； ……状态 personality个性safety安全 -logy；-ology 学科；科目 biology生物学technology技术psychology心理学 -ment ……的行为（或结果） achievement成就；成绩development发展 advertisement广告agreement协定；协议 -ness ……的性质（或状态、特点） blindness失明kindness善良darkness黑暗 -ship 表示状态、性质、地位、职位、集体 friendship友谊championship锦标赛 scholarship奖学金membership（统称）会员 -th 表示动作或过程 growth生长width宽度；广度truth真相 -ure ……的行动（或过程、结果等） pleasure高兴；满意closure关闭failure失败 -y ……的动作（或过程） discovery发现；发觉jealousy忌妒inquiry询问 2.构成动词的后缀 词缀 含义 例词 -en 使；使成为；变得 worsen使变得更糟weaken削弱broaden加宽 -ify 使得；变成 simplify使简化classify分类beautify美化 -ize -ise（为英式英语拼写） 成为；使；使像；以……方式说（或想、行动、对待等） civilize教化；开化realize意识到；实现 criticize批评memorize记住 3.构成形容词的后缀 词缀 意义 例词 -able -ible 能……的； 应……的； 具有……性质的 acceptable可接受的comfortable舒适的 flexible灵活的；能适应新情况的 -al -ial 与……有关的 verbal言语的natural自然的facial面部的 artificial人工的；人造的 -an -ian -ean 来自；有……特征的 suburban郊区的African非洲的Canadian加拿大的 European欧洲的 -ate 充满……的；有……性质的 passionate充满热情的fortunate幸运的 considerate考虑周到的 -ed 有……特征的 talented天才的cultured有教养的 -en 由……制成（或构成）的 golden金的woolen羊毛的wooden木制的 -ern 表示方向 eastern东方的southern南方的western西方的 northern北方的 -ful 充满……的；有……性质（或倾向）的 cheerful兴高采烈的peaceful和平的sorrowful悲伤的 -ic； -ical 与……有关的；动作（或行为）……的 economic经济的specific独特的historical（有关）历史的classical古典的 -ing 使人……的 amazing令人吃惊的challenging挑战性的 encouraging令人鼓舞的 -ish ……国家的；有……性质的 Turkish土耳其的childish孩子气的selfish自私的 -ive ……倾向的；……性质的 active活跃的；积极的creative创造性的 imaginative富于想象力的 -less 没有；无；不做；不受影响 useless无用的homeless无家可归的 tireless不知疲倦的selfless无私的 -ous； -ious 有……性质的 nervous焦虑的courageous英勇的dangerous危险的 curious好奇的 -some 引起（或易于）……的 fearsome可怕的tiresome令人厌烦的 troublesome令人烦恼的 -y 充满……的；有……特性（倾向）的 sleepy困倦的hairy多毛的messy凌乱的 cloudy多云的 -ly 具有……性质；每隔……时间 friendly友好的lively生气勃勃的weekly每周的 一．单项选择 1．It was the special painting skill ________ helped Huang Gongwang create his great masterpiece. A．what B．that C．who D．whose 2．He is the only person ________ knows the secret. A．which B．that C．whom D．whose 3．The movie ________ we saw yesterday was very moving. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 4．The folk play tells a story about a fisherman ________ keeps asking the goldfish for more things. A．which B．whom C．who D．whose 5．We will remember the heroes ______ stories touch our hearts. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 二．完成句子 1．我猜也许你需要读适合你英语水平的书。 I guess maybe you need to read books ________ ________ your English level. 2．影响生态平衡的小事都不容忽视。 Small things ________ ________ the ecological balance cannot be ignored. 3．保护生态系统的森林是大自然最珍贵的宝藏。 The forests ________ ________ the ecosystem are nature’s most precious treasure. 4．永不放弃的人终会实现梦想。 People ________ never ________ up will realize their dreams. 5．在这个故事里，奥利弗是个父母已故的男孩。 In the story, Oliver is a boy ________ ________ have died. 三．正确形式填空 1．If we all agree, let’s end the ________ (discuss). 2．She is a ________ (talent) young musician. 3．Miss Wang is a ________ (help) teacher and we all like her. 4．This field trip is very ________ (interest). We all love it. 5．We are ________ (differ) from each other, but we can be good friends. 6．We have a school trip to enjoy the ________ (nature) beauty of mountains this weekend. 7．The library is ________ (real) a good place for us. 8．The ________ (perform) lasted for about forty minutes yesterday afternoon. 9．My grandma is a little ________ (forget) and often leaves her glasses somewhere. 10．The ________ (energy) young people bring new hope for our nation. 11．The doctor worked hard to save the patient from ________ (die) and finally succeeded after a long operation. 12．The talented ________ (music) practiced the piano for hours every day to prepare for the concert. 13．The small town becomes more ________ (attract) because of its special cactus show. 14．There’s a strong ________ (possible) that our school will have a trip to the Anhui Museum next month. 15．There are many ________ (use) rooms in the old building. We can turn them into plant-reading rooms. 16．The great ________ (invent) of the machine changed people’s life greatly. 17．She felt great ________ (pleased) when she helped the old man carry heavy bags. 18．It’s everyone’s ________ (responsible) to protect the earth. 19．The ________ (organise) of the charity activity spent one week preparing for it. 20．This old story showed us the ________ (value) lessons about honesty. 21．These famous literary ________ (write) are still studied by students today. 22．It is ________ (admire) that he kept studying after dropping out of school. 23．The ________ (publish) of this space report excited many readers. 24．His hard work brought him great __________ (succeed). 25．The small village is quiet and ________ (peace) after the new road. 26．The little boy looked at the tiger ________ (wild) with great surprise. 27．It was ________ (amaze) that Faraday did research without a formal education. 28．Her eyes were red with ________ when she heard the bad news. (sad) 29．A dictionary is a ________ (use) tool for every English learner. 30．Keeping traffic rules in your mind matters a lot, ________ (especial) when you cross the road. 31．This kind of behaviour is ________ (health) to our planet. (否定前缀un-) 32．We should ________ (use) old things. (前缀re-) 33．We should try to travel in ________ (safe). 34．My parents ________ (agree) with my plan, so I had to change it. 35．This area has a high rainfall, so it’s very ________ (suit) for growing rice. 36．Bike sharing is useful in our life although it still has some ________ (advantage). 37．Can you come up with a good ________ (solve) to the problem? 38．Joe has many friends here because he often speaks ________ to others. (polite) 39．Every ________ (social) should work hard to make our country stronger. 40．We had a ________ (wonder) time at the English party last Friday evening. 四．语法选择 A Have you ever read Fu Lei’s Family Letters? The book came out in 1981. It is a collection of letters 1 by Chinese translator Fu Lei. For some years, his son Fu Cong studied abroad. Writing letters became their usual way to communicate 2 each other at that time. In some letters, Fu Cong told his father the problems that he met in his life and study. He once asked his father how to choose a music teacher. Fu Lei guided his son patiently 3 gave him very good suggestions. In another letter, Fu Cong was praised by 4 father after he won an important international piano competition. “I am so proud of you, my dear son. I 5 believe that you will have the ability to heal the world with music,” wrote Fu Lei. Fu Lei also advised Fu Cong 6 more Chinese classics. He shared his personal ideas on traditional values with his son. He said, “Everyone should be a great person before becoming 7 expert in a certain area. It is even 8 than anything else. Otherwise, no matter how much knowledge a person has got, he or she will not achieve real success.” A good book can influence a 9 whole life. Fu Lei’s Family Letters is a great book 10 makes big differences to people who read it. It inspires many young people to live a meaningful life. 1．A．write B．wrote C．written 2．A．at B．with C．for 3．A．and B．or C．but 4．A．he B．his C．him 5．A．strong B．stronger C．strongly 6．A．reads B．to read C．reading 7．A．/ B．a C．an 8．A．important B．more important C．the most important 9．A．reader B．readers’ C．reader’s 10．A．that B．what C．who B 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在各小题所给的三个选项中，选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Peter’s story is a good example to those people 1 are in trouble. When Peter was a little boy, he had difficulty speaking because there was something wrong with his mouth. At the age of two, his family's house was burned down in a big fire. Peter was hurt very 2 and his legs needed to be cut off. Six years later, his mother died and he had to live on the streets before he 3 to the orphanage(孤儿院). In the orphanage, many people encouraged him to face the difficulties bravely. Later, he began to teach himself to play the guitar. He showed great 4 in it. He kept practicing for some years. He joined 5 music group and began his performance with some famous musicians. His group went to Chicago. There many people paid attention to Peter and wondered 6 they could do to help him. A hospital 7 him free care and a rich man agreed to pay for his train tickets to and from his hometown. While he was in the hospital, Peter began writing music and wanted to record 8 own album(专辑). At the end of that year, he went to a Chicago club to play his new music 9 his friends and the strangers. It was amazing that Peter could come into good luck 10 he had so many years’ hard time. “We have a saying in my hometown: Suffer first, then enjoy yourself! I guess that's about me,” he said with a big smile on his face. 1．A．who B．which C．what 2．A．bad B．badly C．worse 3．A．had sent B．was sent C．sent 4．A．interest B．interested C．interesting 5．A．an B．a C．the 6．A．how B．when C．what 7．A．offered B．offers C．has offered 8．A．he B．him C．his 9．A．thank B．to thank C．thanked 10．A．after B．until C．before C 通读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在各小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Recenty, an Irish blogger on TikTok said, “Chinese and foreign profile photo(头像) cultures are completely different.” He 1 screenshots of his WeChat on the Internet. Then he found that foreigners usually use real photos as their profile photos, 2 Chinese prefer to use photos such as sights, animals, cartoon characters and so on. He explained 3 foreigners usually liked to show their photos to avoid 4 people feel like they are hiding something. Some foreigners ask why most Chinese don’t use photos of themselves as their social network images. One of the main reasons 5 that Chinese people take privacy seriously. Chinese usually don’t want to show too much personal information on the public platform. In addition, most Chinese regard WeChat profile photos as 6 chance to show their feelings. For example, when a Chinese girl feels 7 , she likes to use a crying cat as her profile photo to let others notice her feeling. If you can’t understand that, just think 8 why some people always wear brand names 9 can show that they are rich. It means the same. In some way, profile photos 10 by cultures. What do you use as your profile photo? 1．A．post B．posts C．posted D．posting 2．A．while B．since C．although D．so 3．A．why B．what C．whether D．that 4．A．make B．making C．to make D．made 5．A．is B．was C．are D．were 6．A．the B．an C．a D．/ 7．A．sadly B．more sadly C．sad D．sadder 8．A．about B．up C．back D．out 9．A．who B．which C．when D．where 10．A．are influencing B．are influenced C．were influencing D．were influenced 五．语法填空 A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Li Ziqi is one of China’s most popular influencers. She started posting short videos on Sina Weibo 1 2016. They were about country life, traditional cooking skills and cultural practices, such as 2 (make) ink (墨水). In 2020, she became very famous all over the world. However, she stopped sharing new contents on July 14th, 2021. Li made a 3 (surprise) comeback on November 12th, 2024. She restarted posting online with two new videos, attracting lots of people from home 4 abroad. One of her videos showed 5 she changed an old wardrobe (衣柜) into a new one for her grandma. She learned the skills from some famous 6 (teacher) in China. Her videos 7 (love) by millions of people on the Internet now. Li’s return 8 (become) the most popular topic online already. One of her videos got 120 million views on Sina Weibo, with more than 1.94 million interactions, including shares, comments and likes. And her number of followers 9 (quick) climbed up to more than 26.67 million on Sina Weibo and 50.15 million on Douyin. Many people supported her on the Internet, saying it was such 10 amazing thing to see her posting videos again. She replied that she also missed them very much. B 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 I met Gunter on a rainy September evening. I was rushing to catch the last bus to Prague for a meeting in 1 (center) Czech Republic. I got into Gunter’s taxi and told him where I needed to go. When we arrived at the bus station, there was a long line of people waiting to get on the bus. But then I realized I had no cash to pay 2 (he). I tried using my Portuguese bankcard, but the machine didn’t work. 3 helpless I was! I was really worried, 4 Gunter told me not to worry and to just get on the bus. He even gave me some money to pay the bus fare, and I apologized and promised to pay him back 5 I returned to Vienna. On my 6 (one) day back in Vienna, I called Gunter to thank him and to pay him back. He laughed and told me to just “pay it forward” by 7 (help) someone else in need. Gunter’s kindness not only helped me catch my bus that night, but it also taught me 8 valuable lesson. I learned that small acts of kindness can make a big 9 (different) in someone’s life. I promised Gunter that I would help others like he helped me, and I felt a new sense of purpose. We are 10 (main) cared for by others, so we want to give more care to others. From that day on, I tried to be more generous towards others, and I will never forget his help and the lesson he taught me. C 语法填空 Many animals are in danger. In order to protect the animals, World Animal Day falls on the 1 (four) of October. Protecting animals has got much attention all over the world. It is to make the world 2 better place for all animals. Every year IUCN reports some important information about the plants and animals in danger. The giraffe is one of 3 (they). Over the last 30 years, the number of giraffes has dropped by 40%. Things are getting much 4 (bad). There are now fewer than 100,000 giraffes in the world today! Many animals are losing their 5 (life) because of human activities. Animals are often killed 6 their meat, teeth or even just for fun. Animals will get more help, if everyone 7 (start) to do something. Here are the things you can do. Love animals. You could give them a hand when it is necessary. They can live 8 (happy) with us. Go outside to see wildlife. If you take a walk in nature, you can enjoy 9 (see) all the plants and animals around you. Speak up for wildlife. Animals can't speak for themselves. You can be a voice for your animal friends. Learn more about 10 (animal) difficult situations. By learning about their problems and pains, you can find new ways to help them. 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 Units5 ~6（语法综合练） （建议用时：40分钟） (一)关系代词既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。 关系词 作用 先行词 例句 that,who, whom(只作 宾语) 主语、宾 语、表语 人 Do you know the old man who/that is standing under the tree?你认识站在树下的那个老人吗? that,which 主语、宾 语、表语 物 She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her.她有一台电脑,这台电脑是她父母买给她的。 whose 定语 人/物 The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.这个男孩学习非常刻苦,他爸爸是位医生。 The room whose window is open is mine.开着窗户的那个房间是我的。 二、关系代词的用法 1.下列情况下,先行词指物时,只能用that引导,不能用which引导: (1)当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等代词时。 Is there anything that you don’t understand?你有什么不懂的地方吗? Tom told his mother all that had happened.汤姆把发生的一切都告诉了他的妈妈。 (2)当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时。 This is the only book that I can find.这是我能找到的唯一的一本书。 (3)当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。 This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的书。 (4)当主句是以特殊疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。 Which is the hotel that you like best?哪个是你最喜欢的旅馆? 派生法 一、常用前缀 1.否定前缀 词缀 含义 例词 ab-；abs- 相反；变坏；离去 abuse滥用；虐待abnormal反常的 un- 不；未；非；反 unable不能的unknown未知的unusual不寻常的 dis- 不；非；相反 disadvantage不利因素disagree不同意 in-（变体im-;ir-;il-） 不；非；无 incorrect不正确的inactive不活跃的 impatient不耐烦的impolite不礼貌的 irregular不规则的illegal不合法的 mis- 坏（或错）的；糟糕（或错误）地 mistake错误misunderstand误解 2.常用前缀 （1）表示时间、序列、位置的前缀 前缀 含义 示例 re- 又；再；重新 rebuild重建 fore- 先于；预先 forecast预报 pre- 在……前 prewar战前的 sub- 在……下面 subway地铁 ex- 前任 ex-president前总统 post- 后；以后 postgraduate研究生postwar战后的 under- 在下面;在……之下;不足 undersea海底的underline在……下画线 （2）表示比较程度差别、数量关系的前缀 前缀 含义 示例 micro- 微小的 microwave微波 multi- 多个；许多 multimedia多媒体的 vice- 副 vice-president副总统 sub- 亚于；分支 subtitle副标题 semi- 半 semi-final半决赛 tri- 三 triangle三角形 （3）引起词性变化的前缀 前缀 含义 示例 a- 处于……状态 asleep睡着的 en- 使…… enlarge扩大 （4）表示其他含义的前缀 前缀 含义 示例 tele- 远的 telephone电话television电视 auto- 自动的;自己的 automatic自动的autobiography自传 eco- 生态的 ecosystem生态系统 inter- 在……之间;相互的 international国际的Internet网络 interview采访;会见interact相互作用 trans- 穿越;从……到 transatlantic横渡大西洋的translate翻译 transplant移植 二、常用后缀 1.构成名词的后缀 词缀 含义 例词 -al 表示过程或状态 survival幸存 arrival到达 -an；-ian；-ean ……地方的人；……时期的人 Asian亚洲人Brazilian巴西人Roman古罗马人 专长于……的人； ……地方的人 European欧洲人mathematician数学家 magician魔术师 -ance;-ence 表示行动或状况 appearance出现；外貌importance重要性 confidence信心 -ant;-ent ……人； ……事物 accountant会计applicant申请人president总统 resident居民；住户 -arian 相信……的人；实行……的人 librarian图书管理员vegetarian素食者 -ary 与……有关的人/物 boundary边界；界限secretary秘书 -cy 具有……的状态（或性质） accuracy准确性diplomacy外交 -dom 表示状况或状态 wisdom智慧freedom自由 表示职位、地位、领域 kingdom王国 -eer 与……有关的人 engineer工程师；技师pioneer先锋；开拓者 volunteer志愿者 -er；-or ……的人或物 astronomer天文学家reporter记者creator创造者 inventor发明者；发明家 -ese ……国（或城市）的人；……国（或城市）的语言 Chinese中国人；汉语Portuguese葡萄牙人；葡萄牙语 Japanese日本人；日语 -ess 女…… hostess女主人actress女演员waitress女服务员 -hood ……的状态（或性质）；（某类人的）集体 childhood儿童时期livelihood生计 neighborhood街区；居住区 -ibility 可……性； 易……性 possibility可能性flexibility灵活性 responsibility责任 -ics ……的科学（或艺术、活动） mathematics数学physics物理学athletics田径运动 -ing 行动或过程的产物或结果 feeling感觉；感受building建筑物 training培训；训练 -ion；-sion；-tion；-ation） ……行为；……状态 fashion时髦discussion讨论competition竞争 information信息 -ist ……的信仰者；从事……的人；……使用者 socialist社会主义者scientist科学家 dentist牙科医生violinist小提琴手 -ity；-ty ……性质； ……状态 personality个性safety安全 -logy；-ology 学科；科目 biology生物学technology技术psychology心理学 -ment ……的行为（或结果） achievement成就；成绩development发展 advertisement广告agreement协定；协议 -ness ……的性质（或状态、特点） blindness失明kindness善良darkness黑暗 -ship 表示状态、性质、地位、职位、集体 friendship友谊championship锦标赛 scholarship奖学金membership（统称）会员 -th 表示动作或过程 growth生长width宽度；广度truth真相 -ure ……的行动（或过程、结果等） pleasure高兴；满意closure关闭failure失败 -y ……的动作（或过程） discovery发现；发觉jealousy忌妒inquiry询问 2.构成动词的后缀 词缀 含义 例词 -en 使；使成为；变得 worsen使变得更糟weaken削弱broaden加宽 -ify 使得；变成 simplify使简化classify分类beautify美化 -ize -ise（为英式英语拼写） 成为；使；使像；以……方式说（或想、行动、对待等） civilize教化；开化realize意识到；实现 criticize批评memorize记住 3.构成形容词的后缀 词缀 意义 例词 -able -ible 能……的； 应……的； 具有……性质的 acceptable可接受的comfortable舒适的 flexible灵活的；能适应新情况的 -al -ial 与……有关的 verbal言语的natural自然的facial面部的 artificial人工的；人造的 -an -ian -ean 来自；有……特征的 suburban郊区的African非洲的Canadian加拿大的 European欧洲的 -ate 充满……的；有……性质的 passionate充满热情的fortunate幸运的 considerate考虑周到的 -ed 有……特征的 talented天才的cultured有教养的 -en 由……制成（或构成）的 golden金的woolen羊毛的wooden木制的 -ern 表示方向 eastern东方的southern南方的western西方的 northern北方的 -ful 充满……的；有……性质（或倾向）的 cheerful兴高采烈的peaceful和平的sorrowful悲伤的 -ic； -ical 与……有关的；动作（或行为）……的 economic经济的specific独特的historical（有关）历史的classical古典的 -ing 使人……的 amazing令人吃惊的challenging挑战性的 encouraging令人鼓舞的 -ish ……国家的；有……性质的 Turkish土耳其的childish孩子气的selfish自私的 -ive ……倾向的；……性质的 active活跃的；积极的creative创造性的 imaginative富于想象力的 -less 没有；无；不做；不受影响 useless无用的homeless无家可归的 tireless不知疲倦的selfless无私的 -ous； -ious 有……性质的 nervous焦虑的courageous英勇的dangerous危险的 curious好奇的 -some 引起（或易于）……的 fearsome可怕的tiresome令人厌烦的 troublesome令人烦恼的 -y 充满……的；有……特性（倾向）的 sleepy困倦的hairy多毛的messy凌乱的 cloudy多云的 -ly 具有……性质；每隔……时间 friendly友好的lively生气勃勃的weekly每周的 一．单项选择 1．It was the special painting skill ________ helped Huang Gongwang create his great masterpiece. A．what B．that C．who D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：正是这种特殊的绘画技巧帮助黄公望创作了他的伟大杰作。 what什么；that那；who谁；whose谁的。强调句的基本结构是“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分”，去掉“It was...that/who...”后句子结构仍然完整。本句强调部分“the special painting skill”是物，引导词应用that。 2．He is the only person ________ knows the secret. A．which B．that C．whom D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他是唯一知道这个秘密的人。 which哪一个（指物）；that那个（指人或物）；whom谁（指人，作宾语）；whose谁的（表所属）。先行词person指人，被the only修饰，且从句中缺少主语，关系代词应用that。 3．The movie ________ we saw yesterday was very moving. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们昨天看的那部电影非常感人。 who谁；which哪个；whom谁；whose谁的。先行词是The movie，指物，且关系代词在从句中作宾语，应用which或that引导，结合选项，选用which。 4．The folk play tells a story about a fisherman ________ keeps asking the goldfish for more things. A．which B．whom C．who D．whose 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个民间戏剧讲述了一个渔夫的故事，他不断向金鱼索要更多的东西。 which指物；whom指人；who指人；whose指所属关系。本句为含有定语从句的复合句，先行词为“a fisherman”，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用who。故选C。 5．We will remember the heroes ______ stories touch our hearts. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们会铭记那些故事打动我们心灵的英雄。 who谁，先行词是人，在从句里作主语/宾语；whom谁，先行词是人，在从句里只作宾语；whose谁的，在定语从句中作定语；which哪个，先行词是事物，不能指人。此句要表达 “英雄的故事”，是所属关系，应填whose。 二．完成句子 1．我猜也许你需要读适合你英语水平的书。 I guess maybe you need to read books ________ ________ your English level. 【答案】 that suit 【详解】原句的关键词是“适合”，英文可用动词suit表示“适合”，同时“读的书”与“适合”之间存在修饰关系，需要用定语从句来连接，先行词books指物，且在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词that引导。从句谓语suit与先行词books保持主谓一致，books为复数，故用动词原形suit。所以应填that；suit。 2．影响生态平衡的小事都不容忽视。 Small things ________ ________ the ecological balance cannot be ignored. 【答案】 that/which influence 【详解】句子先行词为things，表示事物，定语从句可用关系代词that/which作从句主语，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，谓语动词用influence，故填that/which；influence。 3．保护生态系统的森林是大自然最珍贵的宝藏。 The forests ________ ________ the ecosystem are nature’s most precious treasure. 【答案】 that/which protect 【详解】原句中缺少关系代词，且“保护”是关键词，先行词“The forests”表示事物，需要填入关系代词that/which，在定语从句中充当主语；“保护”对应单词protect，先行词为复数，时态为一般现在时，从句谓语动词使用原形protect。故填that/which；protect。 4．永不放弃的人终会实现梦想。 People ________ never ________ up will realize their dreams. 【答案】 who give 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，句子是定语从句，先行词是“People”，关系词在从句中作主语，因此第一空填关系代词who；“放弃”的固定短语是“give up”。由于先行词“People”是复数概念，句子是一般现在时，谓语动词用原形。 5．在这个故事里，奥利弗是个父母已故的男孩。 In the story, Oliver is a boy ________ ________ have died. 【答案】 whose parents 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“他的父母”。whose parents“他的父母”，根据“Oliver is a boy ... have died”可知，本句是一个定语从句，先行词是a boy，需要体现“男孩的父母”这一所属关系，需用关系代词whose，修饰名词parents。故填whose；parents。 三．正确形式填空 1．If we all agree, let’s end the ________ (discuss). 【答案】discussion 【详解】句意：如果我们都同意，就让我们结束这场讨论。discuss“讨论”，定冠词the后需要接名词作end的宾语，discuss的名词形式是discussion。 2．She is a ________ (talent) young musician. 【答案】talented 【详解】句意：她是一位有天赋的年轻音乐家。句中“young musician”为名词短语，提示空格处需要填形容词作定语修饰名词；talent表示“天赋”，对应的形容词为talented。 3．Miss Wang is a ________ (help) teacher and we all like her. 【答案】helpful 【详解】句意：王老师是一位乐于助人的老师，我们都喜欢她。 空处修饰名词teacher，需要用形容词；help是动词，其形容词helpful意为“乐于助人的”。 4．This field trip is very ________ (interest). We all love it. 【答案】interesting 【详解】句意：这次实地考察非常有趣。我们都喜欢它。interest“兴趣”，此处需要形容词作表语，主语This field trip为物，用-ing结尾的形容词interesting“有趣的”。 5．We are ________ (differ) from each other, but we can be good friends. 【答案】different 【详解】句意：我们彼此各不相同，但我们可以成为好朋友。空格放在be动词are后面，需要填形容词；be different from是固定短语，含义为“与……不同”；differ是动词，不能直接放在be动词后作表语，其形容词形式为different。 6．We have a school trip to enjoy the ________ (nature) beauty of mountains this weekend. 【答案】natural 【详解】句意：这个周末我们学校组织郊游，去欣赏大山的自然之美。nature意为“自然”，是名词，空后的beauty是名词，其前用形容词修饰，作定语，nature的形容词形式是natural，意为“自然的”。 7．The library is ________ (real) a good place for us. 【答案】really 【详解】句意：图书馆对我们来说真是一个好地方。题干中已有be动词is，空格后是名词短语“a good place”，设空处需填入副词作状语，用来修饰整个句子、加强语气，说明“图书馆确实是个好地方”。给出的提示词real是形容词，意为，此处应填其对应的副词形式really。 8．The ________ (perform) lasted for about forty minutes yesterday afternoon. 【答案】performance 【详解】句意：昨天下午的演出持续了大约四十分钟。perform“表演”，动词，此处作主语，用其名词形式performance“表演，演出”。 9．My grandma is a little ________ (forget) and often leaves her glasses somewhere. 【答案】forgetful 【详解】句意：我奶奶有点健忘，经常把眼镜落在某处。所给词为forget“忘记”，空格处需填入形容词作表语，表示“健忘的”，forget的形容词形式forgetful符合语境。故填forgetful。 10．The ________ (energy) young people bring new hope for our nation. 【答案】energetic 【详解】句意：充满活力的年轻人为我们的国家带来了新的希望。energy“能量”，此处修饰young people，用其形容词形式energetic“充满活力的”。 11．The doctor worked hard to save the patient from ________ (die) and finally succeeded after a long operation. 【答案】death 【详解】句意：医生竭尽全力抢救病人免于死亡，经过漫长的手术，最终取得了成功。die意为“死”，是动词，from是介词，其后接名词，save sb. from death意为“挽救某人免于死亡”。 12．The talented ________ (music) practiced the piano for hours every day to prepare for the concert. 【答案】musician 【详解】句意：这位有天赋的音乐家每天练习数小时钢琴，为这场音乐会做准备。句中“talented”是形容词，后面需要接名词作主语；music表示音乐，此处指人“音乐家”，可数名词musician“音乐家”，符合语境。本句缺少主语，前面定冠词the表示特指一位人，因此使用单数形式，在句中作主语。 13．The small town becomes more ________ (attract) because of its special cactus show. 【答案】attractive 【详解】句意：因为它独特的仙人掌展，这个小镇变得更有吸引力。 系动词becomes后接形容词作表语，more用来构成形容词比较级，可知此处需要填形容词。 括号内的词“attract”是动词，其对应的形容词形式是“attractive”（有吸引力的）。故填attractive。 14．There’s a strong ________ (possible) that our school will have a trip to the Anhui Museum next month. 【答案】possibility 【详解】句意：下个月我们学校很有可能去安徽博物馆参观。空前有冠词a和形容词strong，说明此处需要填一个可数名词单数。括号内给出的是形容词possible，其名词形式为possibility“可能性”，符合语境。 15．There are many ________ (use) rooms in the old building. We can turn them into plant-reading rooms. 【答案】unused 【详解】句意：那座旧大楼里有许多闲置的房间。我们可以把它们变成植物阅览室。此处需要填入形容词来修饰名词rooms，后半句提到“we can turn them into plant-reading rooms”，这暗示这些房间目前是“未被使用的”或“闲置的”，所以才具备改造的空间，use的形容词形式used表示“用过的”，根据句意需表示否定含义“未使用的”，因此加上否定前缀un-，构成unused。 16．The great ________ (invent) of the machine changed people’s life greatly. 【答案】invention 【详解】句意：这台机器的伟大发明极大地改变了人们的生活。句中给出的是动词invent（发明），The great后需接名词作主语，且great是形容词，应用来修饰名词，故需将动词invent变为名词invention（发明），故填invention。 17．She felt great ________ (pleased) when she helped the old man carry heavy bags. 【答案】pleasure 【详解】句意：当她帮老人提沉重的袋子时，她感到非常高兴。pleased意为“高兴的；满意的”，是形容词，great“极大的”是形容词，其后接名词，pleased的名词形式是pleasure，意为“高兴，快乐”，是不可数名词。 18．It’s everyone’s ________ (responsible) to protect the earth. 【答案】responsibility 【详解】句意：保护地球是每个人的责任。名词所有格everyone’s后面需要接名词，括号内给出的形容词responsible意为“有责任心的”，对应的名词形式是responsibility，意为“责任”。并且由be动词is可知，此处填名词单数。 19．The ________ (organise) of the charity activity spent one week preparing for it. 【答案】organiser 【详解】句意：这位慈善活动的组织者花了一周的时间准备它。organise意为“组织”，是动词，定冠词the修饰名词，结合“spent one week preparing for it”可知，此处指人，用organiser符合语境，意为“组织者”，是可数名词，根据语境，此处特指一位组织者，用其单数形式。 20．This old story showed us the ________ (value) lessons about honesty. 【答案】valuable 【详解】句意：这个古老的故事向我们展示了关于诚实的宝贵教训。value意为“价值”，是不可数名词，空后的lessons“教训”是名词，其前用形容词修饰，value的形容词形式是valuable，意为“有价值的；宝贵的”，在句中作定语。 21．These famous literary ________ (write) are still studied by students today. 【答案】writings 【详解】句意：这些著名的文学作品至今仍被学生们研究。write意为“写”，是动词，these“这些”后接可数名词复数，writing“作品，著作”是可数名词，其复数形式是writings。 22．It is ________ (admire) that he kept studying after dropping out of school. 【答案】admirable 【详解】句意：他辍学后坚持学习是令人钦佩的。本句属于“It is+形容词+that从句”结构，其中It是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。be动词is后面需要接形容词作表语，用来修饰后面提到的这件事。admire是动词，意为“钦佩”。其形容词形式为admirable，意为“令人钦佩的”，符合句意。故填admirable。 23．The ________ (publish) of this space report excited many readers. 【答案】publication 【详解】句意：这份太空报告的发行让很多读者感到兴奋。定冠词The后面和介词of前面需要接名词，作句子的主语；括号内给出的动词publish意为“出版”，其对应的名词形式为publication，意为“出版，发行”。 24．His hard work brought him great __________ (succeed). 【答案】success 【详解】句意：他的努力为他带来了巨大的成功。空格前“great”是形容词，后接名词。括号内succeed是动词，意为“成功”，对应的名词形式为success“成功”，此处为抽象概念，不可数名词。 25．The small village is quiet and ________ (peace) after the new road. 【答案】peaceful 【详解】句意：有了新路后，小村庄安静又祥和。peace“宁静，和平”，名词，此处作表语，应用其形容词形式peaceful“宁静的，和平的”。 26．The little boy looked at the tiger ________ (wild) with great surprise. 【答案】wildly 【详解】句意：那个小男孩大吃一惊，神情慌张地看着老虎。wild是形容词，此处修饰动词looked at“看”，用副词修饰动词，wild的副词形式是wildly，意为“失控地，慌张地”。 27．It was ________ (amaze) that Faraday did research without a formal education. 【答案】amazing 【详解】句意：令人惊奇的是，法拉第在没有接受过正规教育的情况下竟然从事研究。amaze“使惊奇”，动词，根据“It was ...”可知，此处应用形容词作表语，amaze的形容词形式为amazing“令人惊奇的”。 28．Her eyes were red with ________ when she heard the bad news. (sad) 【答案】sadness 【详解】句意：听到这个坏消息时，她的眼睛因悲伤而泛红。介词with后需要接名词，sad是形容词，对应的名词形式为sadness。 29．A dictionary is a ________ (use) tool for every English learner. 【答案】useful 【详解】句意：词典对每一位英语学习者来说都是一件有用的工具。空格修饰名词tool，需要使用形容词，use的形容词形式为useful。 30．Keeping traffic rules in your mind matters a lot, ________ (especial) when you cross the road. 【答案】especially 【详解】句意：记住交通规则很重要，尤其是过马路的时候。especial意为“特别的；特殊的；格外的”，是形容词，此处用其副词形式修饰整个句子，especial的副词形式是especially，意为“尤其；特别”。 31．This kind of behaviour is ________ (health) to our planet. (否定前缀un-) 【答案】unhealthy 【详解】句意：这种行为对我们的星球是有害的。空格位于be动词is之后，需要填入形容词作表语。括号内health为名词，先变为形容词healthy，根据题干要求添加否定前缀un‑，构成形容词unhealthy，意为“不健康的、有害的”，应填unhealthy。 32．We should ________ (use) old things. (前缀re-) 【答案】reuse 【详解】句意：我们应该重复利用旧物品。情态动词should后接动词原形，结合前缀re‑表示“再、重新”，use加前缀re构成reuse，意为“重复使用”。 33．We should try to travel in ________ (safe). 【答案】safety 【详解】句意：我们应该尽力安全出行。介词in后面需要接名词作宾语。括号内给出形容词safe，对应的名词形式是safety，表示“安全”。故填safety。 34．My parents ________ (agree) with my plan, so I had to change it. 【答案】disagreed 【详解】句意：我父母不同意我的计划，所以我不得不改变它。后文“had to change it”表示计划未获支持，需用disagree的过去式，表示否定意义，故填disagreed。 35．This area has a high rainfall, so it’s very ________ (suit) for growing rice. 【答案】suitable 【详解】句意：这个地区降雨量很大，所以非常适合种植水稻。句中it’s后需要使用形容词作表语，suit是动词，其形容词形式为suitable，be suitable for为固定搭配，表示“适合……”，应填suitable。 36．Bike sharing is useful in our life although it still has some ________ (advantage). 【答案】disadvantages 【详解】句意：共享单车在我们的生活中很有用，尽管它仍然存在一些弊端。句中although引导让步状语从句，前后语义存在转折，advantage的反义词为disadvantage；some后接可数名词复数，disadvantage的复数形式为disadvantages，故填disadvantages。 37．Can you come up with a good ________ (solve) to the problem? 【答案】solution 【详解】句意： 你能想出一个好的解决办法来处理这个问题吗？空格前“a good”后接可数名词单数，solve是动词，其名词形式为solution“解决办法”，用单数形式即可。 38．Joe has many friends here because he often speaks ________ to others. (polite) 【答案】politely 【详解】句意：Joe在这里有很多朋友，因为他经常有礼貌地和别人说话。空格处在句中用来修饰动词speaks，修饰动词需要使用副词。所给单词polite是形容词，变为副词时需在词尾加-ly，故填politely。 39．Every ________ (social) should work hard to make our country stronger. 【答案】socialist 【详解】句意：每个社会主义者都应该努力使我们的国家更加强大。根据“should work hard to make our country stronger”可知，此处应填表示人的名词，在句中作主语；句中Every后需接可数名词单数，social是形容词，意为“社会的”，其名词形式socialist，意为“社会主义者”，符合语境。 40．We had a ________ (wonder) time at the English party last Friday evening. 【答案】wonderful 【详解】句意：上周五晚上我们在英语派对上玩得很开心。句中“time”为名词，名词前面需要用形容词作定语，wonder的形容词形式为wonderful，故填wonderful。 四．语法选择 A Have you ever read Fu Lei’s Family Letters? The book came out in 1981. It is a collection of letters 1 by Chinese translator Fu Lei. For some years, his son Fu Cong studied abroad. Writing letters became their usual way to communicate 2 each other at that time. In some letters, Fu Cong told his father the problems that he met in his life and study. He once asked his father how to choose a music teacher. Fu Lei guided his son patiently 3 gave him very good suggestions. In another letter, Fu Cong was praised by 4 father after he won an important international piano competition. “I am so proud of you, my dear son. I 5 believe that you will have the ability to heal the world with music,” wrote Fu Lei. Fu Lei also advised Fu Cong 6 more Chinese classics. He shared his personal ideas on traditional values with his son. He said, “Everyone should be a great person before becoming 7 expert in a certain area. It is even 8 than anything else. Otherwise, no matter how much knowledge a person has got, he or she will not achieve real success.” A good book can influence a 9 whole life. Fu Lei’s Family Letters is a great book 10 makes big differences to people who read it. It inspires many young people to live a meaningful life. 1．A．write B．wrote C．written 2．A．at B．with C．for 3．A．and B．or C．but 4．A．he B．his C．him 5．A．strong B．stronger C．strongly 6．A．reads B．to read C．reading 7．A．/ B．a C．an 8．A．important B．more important C．the most important 9．A．reader B．readers’ C．reader’s 10．A．that B．what C．who 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文介绍了《傅雷家书》的内容及其对读者的影响，讲述了傅雷与儿子傅聪通过书信交流的故事，强调了这本书对人们生活的积极意义。 【详解】1．句意：这是中国翻译家傅雷写的书信集。 write写，动词原形；wrote写，过去式；written写，过去分词。句中is是谓语动词，此处是非谓语动词，根据“by Chinese translator Fu Lei”可知需用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动含义。故选C。 2．句意：写信成为他们当时互相交流的方式。 at在；with和；for为了。固定搭配“communicate with sb”表示“与某人交流”。故选B。 3．句意：傅雷耐心地指导儿子并给出很好的建议。 and并且；or或者；but但是。前后动作“guided”和“gave”是顺承关系，需用and连接。故选A。 4．句意：在另一封信中，傅聪在一次重要的国际钢琴比赛中获胜后，被父亲表扬。 he他，主格；his他的，形容词性物主代词；him他，宾格。根据“father”可知需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故选B。 5．句意：我坚信你有能力用音乐治愈世界。 strong强壮的，形容词原级；stronger更强的，形容词比较级；strongly强烈地，副词原级。此处需用副词修饰动词“believe”。故选C。 6．句意：傅雷还建议傅聪多读中国典籍。 reads读，第三人称单数；to read读，不定式；reading读，动名词。固定搭配“advise sb to do sth”表示“建议某人做某事”。故选B。 7．句意：在成为某个领域的专家之前，每个人都应该先成为一个伟大的人。 /零冠词；a一个，用于辅音音素前；an一个，用于元音音素前。此处表示“一位专家”，且“expert”以元音音素开头，需用“an”。故选C。 8．句意：这比其他任何事情都更重要。 important重要的，原级；more important更重要的，比较级；the most important最重要的，最高级。根据“than”可知需用比较级。故选B。 9．句意：一本好书可以影响读者的一生。 reader读者，单数名词；readers’读者的，复数名词所有格；reader’s读者的，单数名词所有格。a修饰单数名词，且此处修饰“life”需用所有格。故选C。 10．句意：《傅雷家书》是一本对读者产生重大影响的好书。 that引导定语从句，指物或人；what不引导定语从句；who引导定语从句，指人。分析句子可知此处是定语从句的关系代词，引导定语从句，并指代先行词“book”，指物需用“that”。故选A。 B 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在各小题所给的三个选项中，选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Peter’s story is a good example to those people 1 are in trouble. When Peter was a little boy, he had difficulty speaking because there was something wrong with his mouth. At the age of two, his family's house was burned down in a big fire. Peter was hurt very 2 and his legs needed to be cut off. Six years later, his mother died and he had to live on the streets before he 3 to the orphanage(孤儿院). In the orphanage, many people encouraged him to face the difficulties bravely. Later, he began to teach himself to play the guitar. He showed great 4 in it. He kept practicing for some years. He joined 5 music group and began his performance with some famous musicians. His group went to Chicago. There many people paid attention to Peter and wondered 6 they could do to help him. A hospital 7 him free care and a rich man agreed to pay for his train tickets to and from his hometown. While he was in the hospital, Peter began writing music and wanted to record 8 own album(专辑). At the end of that year, he went to a Chicago club to play his new music 9 his friends and the strangers. It was amazing that Peter could come into good luck 10 he had so many years’ hard time. “We have a saying in my hometown: Suffer first, then enjoy yourself! I guess that's about me,” he said with a big smile on his face. 1．A．who B．which C．what 2．A．bad B．badly C．worse 3．A．had sent B．was sent C．sent 4．A．interest B．interested C．interesting 5．A．an B．a C．the 6．A．how B．when C．what 7．A．offered B．offers C．has offered 8．A．he B．him C．his 9．A．thank B．to thank C．thanked 10．A．after B．until C．before 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文介绍了皮特自幼多灾多难，不仅有语言上的障碍还失去了双腿和母亲，然而他凭借自己的努力在音乐中闯出了一片天的故事。这个故事告诉我们人生要先吃苦才能后享乐。 【详解】1．句意：彼得的故事是那些陷入困境的人的好榜样。 who引导定语从句，先行词是人；which引导定语从句，先行词是物；what什么，不能引导定语从句。本句中的先行词是those people，指人，所以关系代词用who。故选A。 2．句意：彼得受了重伤，他的腿需要切除。 bad坏的；badly严重地；worse更糟的。空前面的hurt是动词，所以这里用副词修饰动词，且句中无比较之意。故选B。 3．句意：六年后，他的母亲去世了，在他被送到孤儿院之前，他不得不流落街头。 had sent过去完成时；was sent一般过去时的被动语态；sent送，过去式。分析句子结构可知，主语he与动词send之间是被动关系，而且事情发生在过去，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 4．句意：他对它表现出极大的兴趣。 interest兴趣，名词；interested感兴趣的，形容词；interesting有趣的，形容词。空前面的great是形容词，这里用名词interest，show great interest in意为“对……表现出极大的兴趣”。故选A。 5．句意：他加入了一个音乐团体，并开始与一些著名的音乐家合作演出。 an用于以元音音素开头的单词或字母前；a用于以辅音音素开头的单词或字母前；the表特指。根据单数名词group可知，这里表示泛指，music又是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a。故选B。 6．句意：在那里，许多人都非常关注彼得，他们想知道他们能为他做点什么。 how怎样；when什么时候；what什么。分析句子结构可知，这里缺少do的宾语，因此用代词what作宾语。这里指他们能为皮特做点什么。故选C。 7．句意：一家医院为他提供免费护理，一位富人同意支付他往返家乡的火车票。 offered提供，过去式；offers第三人称单数；has offered现在完成时。空后面的agreed是过去式，这里也用过去式与之并列。故选A。 8．句意：住院期间，彼得开始创作音乐，并想录制自己的专辑。 he他，主格代词；him他，宾格代词；his他的，形容词性物主代词。空后的“own album (专辑).”是名词，这里用形容词性的物主代词修饰。故选C。 9．句意：那年年底，他去芝加哥一家俱乐部演奏他的新音乐，以感谢陌生人和朋友。 thank动词原形；to thank动词不定式；thanked过去式。分析句子结构可知，这里用动词不定式作目的状语，指他去芝加哥一家俱乐部演奏新音乐的目的是感谢陌生人和朋友。故选B。 10．句意：彼得在经历了这么多年的困难之后，终于有了好运，这真是太神奇了。 after之后；until直到；before之前。根据“he had so many years’ hard time.”可知，这里是彼得在经历了这么多年的困难之后，才有了好运的。故选A。 C 通读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在各小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Recenty, an Irish blogger on TikTok said, “Chinese and foreign profile photo(头像) cultures are completely different.” He 1 screenshots of his WeChat on the Internet. Then he found that foreigners usually use real photos as their profile photos, 2 Chinese prefer to use photos such as sights, animals, cartoon characters and so on. He explained 3 foreigners usually liked to show their photos to avoid 4 people feel like they are hiding something. Some foreigners ask why most Chinese don’t use photos of themselves as their social network images. One of the main reasons 5 that Chinese people take privacy seriously. Chinese usually don’t want to show too much personal information on the public platform. In addition, most Chinese regard WeChat profile photos as 6 chance to show their feelings. For example, when a Chinese girl feels 7 , she likes to use a crying cat as her profile photo to let others notice her feeling. If you can’t understand that, just think 8 why some people always wear brand names 9 can show that they are rich. It means the same. In some way, profile photos 10 by cultures. What do you use as your profile photo? 1．A．post B．posts C．posted D．posting 2．A．while B．since C．although D．so 3．A．why B．what C．whether D．that 4．A．make B．making C．to make D．made 5．A．is B．was C．are D．were 6．A．the B．an C．a D．/ 7．A．sadly B．more sadly C．sad D．sadder 8．A．about B．up C．back D．out 9．A．who B．which C．when D．where 10．A．are influencing B．are influenced C．were influencing D．were influenced 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．B 【导语】本文主要讲了外国人和中国人对待社交软件头像的差异和看法。 【详解】1．句意：他在网上发布了微信的截图。 post发布，动词原形；posts发布，动词第三人称单数形式；posted发布，过去式；posting发布，动名词或现在分词。根据上文“an Irish blogger on TikTok said”和下文“Then he found that…”可知本句应为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故选C。 2．句意：然后他发现，外国人通常用真实的照片作为他们的头像，而中国人更喜欢用风景、动物、卡通人物等照片。 while然而；since自从；although虽然；so所以。分析“foreigners usually use real photos as their profile photos,…Chinese prefer to use photos such as sights…”可知，前后句为转折关系，且强调中国人和外国人的对比，应用while。故选A。 3．句意：他解释说，外国人通常喜欢展示他们的照片，以避免让人们觉得他们在隐瞒什么。 why为什么；what什么；whether是否；that无实际意义。根据“He explained…foreigners usually liked to show their photos to avoid…people feel like they are hiding something.”可知，此处指他说明了这个事实，explain后跟that引导宾语从句，故选D。 4．句意：他解释说，外国人通常喜欢展示他们的照片，以避免让人们觉得他们在隐瞒什么。 make动词原形；making现在分词或动名词；to make动词不定式；made动词过去式。avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”，故选B。 5．句意：其中一个主要原因是中国人很重视隐私。 is是，主语是第三人称单数或不可数名词；was是，am/is的过去式；are是，主语是复数或you；were是，are的过去式。此句陈述事实，应用一般现在时；主语“One of the main reasons”是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故选A。 6．句意：此外，大多数中国人把微信头像看作是表达感情的机会。 the定冠词，表特指；an表泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；a表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；/零冠词。此处表泛指，且“chance”以辅音音素开头，应用a。故选C。 7．句意：例如，当一个中国女孩感到悲伤时，她喜欢用一只哭泣的猫作为她的头像，让别人注意到她的感受。 sadly悲伤地，副词原级；more sadly更悲伤地，副词比较级；sad悲伤的，形容词原级；sadder更悲伤的，形容词比较级。feel后接形容词作表语，此处没有比较，应用原级。故选C。 8．句意：如果你不能理解这一点，想想为什么有些人总是穿着可以表明他们富有的品牌。 about围绕；up向上；back向后；out向外。根据“think…why some people always wear brand names...”可知此处应用短语think about“想，思考”，故选A。 9．句意：如果你不能理解这一点，想想为什么有些人总是穿着可以表明他们富有的品牌。 who先行词为人；which先行词为物或事；when先行词为时间名词；where先行词为地点名词。空格处到句末为定语从句，修饰先行词“brand names”，为物，应用关系词which，故选B。 10．句意：在某种程度上，头像照片受到文化的影响。 are influencing现在进行时；are influenced一般现在时的被动语态；were influencing过去进行时；were influenced一般过去时的被动语态。主语“profile photos”和动词influence是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据语境可知此句用一般现在时。故选B。 五．语法填空 A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Li Ziqi is one of China’s most popular influencers. She started posting short videos on Sina Weibo 1 2016. They were about country life, traditional cooking skills and cultural practices, such as 2 (make) ink (墨水). In 2020, she became very famous all over the world. However, she stopped sharing new contents on July 14th, 2021. Li made a 3 (surprise) comeback on November 12th, 2024. She restarted posting online with two new videos, attracting lots of people from home 4 abroad. One of her videos showed 5 she changed an old wardrobe (衣柜) into a new one for her grandma. She learned the skills from some famous 6 (teacher) in China. Her videos 7 (love) by millions of people on the Internet now. Li’s return 8 (become) the most popular topic online already. One of her videos got 120 million views on Sina Weibo, with more than 1.94 million interactions, including shares, comments and likes. And her number of followers 9 (quick) climbed up to more than 26.67 million on Sina Weibo and 50.15 million on Douyin. Many people supported her on the Internet, saying it was such 10 amazing thing to see her posting videos again. She replied that she also missed them very much. 【答案】1．in 2．making 3．surprising 4．and 5．how/that 6．teachers 7．are loved/have been loved 8．has become 9．quickly 10．an 【导语】本文介绍了最受欢迎的网红之一李子柒的网络回归。 【详解】1．句意：2016年，她开始在新浪微博上发布短视频。根据空格后的“2016”可知，指在2016年，此处应用时间介词in。故填in。 2．句意：它们讲述的是乡村生活、传统烹饪技巧和文化习俗，比如制作墨水。根据“such as...ink”可知，此处在列举李子柒的视频内容，such as后应使用名词性词汇或短语，故应使用动词make“制作”的动名词形式making。故填making. 3．句意：2024年11月12日，李出人意料地复出。根据“a...comeback”可知，此处应使用形容词来修饰名词comeback；comeback“回归”，表示事件，应使用surprising修饰。故填surprising。 4．句意：她重新开始在网上发布两个新视频，吸引了国内外的许多人。根据“attracting lots of people from home...abroad”可知，这里考查固定搭配“from home and abroad”，意为“来自国内外”。故填and。 5．句意：她的一个视频展示了（她是如何）为她的奶奶把一个旧衣橱变成一个新的。根据“One of her videos showed...she changed an old wardrobe into a new one for her grandma.”句子结构分析可知，此处为宾语从句，表达“（如何）为她的奶奶把一个旧衣橱变成一个新的”，引导词how或that均符合题意。故填how/that。 6．句意：她从中国一些著名的老师那里学到了技巧。根据“some famous...”可知，本空应填可数名词复数。teacher“老师”，名词，其复数形式为teachers。故填teachers。 7．句意：她的视频现在互联网上受到数百万人的喜爱。根据“Her videos...by millions of people”可知，复数主语Her videos与谓语动词love之间存在被动关系，再由本句时间状语“now”及语境可知，本句应使用一般现在时或现在完成的被动语态形式，即“are loved”或“have been loved”。故填are loved/have been loved。 8．句意：李的回归已经成为网上最热门的话题。根据句中的副词already“已经”可知，本句应使用现在完成时结构“have/has done”；结合本句的单数主语Li’s return“李的回归”，可知本句的助动词应为has。故填has become。 9．句意：她的粉丝数量迅速攀升至新浪微博的2667万，抖音的5015万。根据“And her number of followers...climbed up to more than 26.67 million on Sina Weibo and 50.15 million on Douyin.”可知，本句指李的粉丝量增长速度非常快，根据空格后的动词词组climbed up to“爬到”可知，空格处应使用副词来修饰；quick“快速的”，形容词，其副词形式为quickly。故填quickly。 10．句意：许多人在网上支持她，说看到她再次发布视频真是太棒了。根据“saying it was such...amazing thing”可知，空格处缺少冠词修饰空格后的单数名词词组“amazing thing”，表示泛指，因amazing“了不起的”以元音音素开头，故用“an”。本空符合“such a/an adj. +n”结构，意为“如此一个……”。故填an。 B 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 I met Gunter on a rainy September evening. I was rushing to catch the last bus to Prague for a meeting in 1 (center) Czech Republic. I got into Gunter’s taxi and told him where I needed to go. When we arrived at the bus station, there was a long line of people waiting to get on the bus. But then I realized I had no cash to pay 2 (he). I tried using my Portuguese bankcard, but the machine didn’t work. 3 helpless I was! I was really worried, 4 Gunter told me not to worry and to just get on the bus. He even gave me some money to pay the bus fare, and I apologized and promised to pay him back 5 I returned to Vienna. On my 6 (one) day back in Vienna, I called Gunter to thank him and to pay him back. He laughed and told me to just “pay it forward” by 7 (help) someone else in need. Gunter’s kindness not only helped me catch my bus that night, but it also taught me 8 valuable lesson. I learned that small acts of kindness can make a big 9 (different) in someone’s life. I promised Gunter that I would help others like he helped me, and I felt a new sense of purpose. We are 10 (main) cared for by others, so we want to give more care to others. From that day on, I tried to be more generous towards others, and I will never forget his help and the lesson he taught me. 【答案】1．central 2．him 3．How 4．but 5．when/after 6．first 7．helping 8．a 9．difference 10．mainly 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者在一个雨夜得到出租车司机Gunter无私帮助的经历。 1．句意：我正急着赶上最后一班去布拉格的公交车，去参加在捷克共和国中部的会议。根据“Czech Republic”可知，修饰名词Czech Republic可以用形容词，center的形容词形式为central“中心的”符合语境。故填central。 2．句意：但后来我意识到我没有现金付给他了。根据空前的“pay”可知，动词后应接代词宾格，he的宾格him“他”符合语境。故填him。 3．句意：我多么无助啊！根据“helpless I was!”可知，此句为感叹句，且中心词为形容词helpless，应用how “多么”，注意句首单词首字母要大写。故填How。 4．句意：我真的很担心，但Gunter告诉我不要担心，直接上车。根据“I was really worried”和“not to worry”可知，前后句意相反，此处表示转折关系，应用连词but“但是” 连接。故填but。 5．句意：我道歉并承诺回到维也纳后就还他钱。根据“I returned to Vienna”可知，此处为时间状语从句，应用when“当……时”或after “在……之后”引导。故填when/after。 6．句意：回到维也纳的第一天，我就打电话给Gunter感谢他并还钱。根据“day back in Vienna”可知，此处表示顺序上的 “第一”，应用one对应的序数词first。故填first。 7．句意：他笑着告诉我，只要通过帮助其他需要帮助的人来“传递善意”。根据“by” 可知，介词后应接动名词形式，help的动名词形式helping“帮助” 符合语境。故填helping。 8．句意：Gunter的善意不仅帮助我那晚赶上了公交车，还给我上了宝贵的一课。根据“lesson”可知，lesson为可数名词单数，且为泛指，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 9．句意：我了解到，小小的善举可以对别人的生活产生巨大的影响。make a difference意为 “产生影响”，应用different的名词形式difference “差别”。故填difference。 10．句意：我们主要由别人关照，所以我们想给别人更多的关心。根据“are”和“cared for”可知，此处应用副词修饰动词，main的副词形式mainly “主要地” 符合语境。故填mainly。 C 语法填空 Many animals are in danger. In order to protect the animals, World Animal Day falls on the 1 (four) of October. Protecting animals has got much attention all over the world. It is to make the world 2 better place for all animals. Every year IUCN reports some important information about the plants and animals in danger. The giraffe is one of 3 (they). Over the last 30 years, the number of giraffes has dropped by 40%. Things are getting much 4 (bad). There are now fewer than 100,000 giraffes in the world today! Many animals are losing their 5 (life) because of human activities. Animals are often killed 6 their meat, teeth or even just for fun. Animals will get more help, if everyone 7 (start) to do something. Here are the things you can do. Love animals. You could give them a hand when it is necessary. They can live 8 (happy) with us. Go outside to see wildlife. If you take a walk in nature, you can enjoy 9 (see) all the plants and animals around you. Speak up for wildlife. Animals can't speak for themselves. You can be a voice for your animal friends. Learn more about 10 (animal) difficult situations. By learning about their problems and pains, you can find new ways to help them. 【答案】1．fourth 2．a 3．them 4．worse 5．lives 6．for 7．starts 8．happily 9．seeing 10．animals' 【导语】本文介绍了一些濒危的植物和动物，呼吁大家开始做点什么，让动物和植物将得到更多的帮助。 【详解】1．句意：10月4日是世界动物日。根据定冠词the，可知此空用four的序数词fourth意为“第四”，表示10月4日。故填fourth。 2．句意：它就是为所有动物创造一个更美好的世界。根据句意和可数名词place，可知用表示泛指的冠词，better以辅音音素开头，可知用a。故填a。 3．句意：长颈鹿就是其中之一。根据固定短语one of意为“……之一”，其后接宾格。they的宾格是them意为“它们”。故填them。 4．句意：事情越来越糟了。根据much后接形容词的比较级，bad的比较级是worse意为“更糟糕的”。故填worse。 5．句意：由于人类活动，许多动物正在失去它们的生命。根据句意和their，可知用life的复数形式lives意为“生命”。故填lives。 6．句意：人们常常为了肉、牙齿甚至只是为了好玩而杀死动物。根据固定短语kill for意为“为……而杀死”。故填for。 7．句意：如果每个人都开始做点什么，动物们将得到更多的帮助。根据if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现的原则，主语是everyone，动词用第三人称单数形式starts意为“开始”。故填starts。 8．句意：他们可以和我们一起快乐地生活。根据动词live（生活），可知用副词happily意为“快乐地”修饰。故填happily。 9．句意：如果你在大自然中散步，你可以享受看到你周围所有的植物和动物。根据固定短语enjoy doing sth.意为“喜欢／享受做某事”。可知用see的现在分词seeing意为“看见”。故填seeing。 10．句意：更多地了解动物的困境。根据句意和difficult situations（困境），可知用animal的复数名词所有格animals意为“动物们的”。故填animals'。 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $