Unit 6 重点词汇核心考点精讲 2026-2027学年八年级英语上册新教材译林版

该初中英语8AU6重点单词考点精讲讲义通过词性分类表格系统构建知识体系，将49个核心词汇按名词、动词、形容词等类别梳理，并以考点分层框架呈现每个单词的词形转换、同义转换、固定搭配、词义辨析及重点用法，清晰展现知识内在联系与重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于结合课本原句设计情境化例句，如用"It is sometimes foggy in autumn and winter"讲解foggy的用法，提升语言运用能力。通过词义辨析（如foggy vs misty）和构词法（如snow+y→snowy）培养思维品质，每个考点附易错提醒，基础学生可掌握方法，优秀学生能深入拓展，为教师分层教学和学生自主复习提供精准支持。

8AU6重点单词考点精讲 目录检索 foggy 2 snowy 2 pleasant 3 yeah 3 hide 4 shower 5 memory 5 stream 6 shade 6 lazy 7 pool 7 paɪl 8 upon 9 harvest 9 crop 10 as 10 temperature 11 sofa 11 snowman 12 blow 12 shine 13 smell 14 heat 14 sudden 15 snowball 15 fog 16 divide 17 divide ... into 17 end 18 beyond 18 connect 19 be connected with 19 positive 20 effect 21 average 21 wet 22 daylight 22 degree 23 on average 23 sunshine 24 start 24 snowstorm 25 awful 26 order 26 take care 27 frozen 27 thick 28 deep 29 throw 29 sculpture 30 词性分类 【名词 (n.)】shower、memory、stream、shade、pool、paɪl、crop、temperature、sofa、snowman、heat、snowball、fog、effect、average、daylight、degree、sunshine、start、snowstorm、sculpture 【动词 (v./vi./vt./linking v.)】hide、harvest、blow、shine、smell、divide、end、connect、order、throw 【形容词 (adj.)】foggy、snowy、pleasant、lazy、sudden、positive、wet、awful、frozen、thick、deep 【感叹词 (excl.)】yeah 【conj.】as 【介词 (prep.)】upon、beyond 【短语】divide ... into、be connected with、on average、take care foggy /ˈfɒɡi/ adj. 有雾的，雾茫茫的 课本原句：It is sometimes foggy in autumn and winter. 课本原句：Heavy fog is not funny for people. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「foggy」形容词意为「有雾的；模糊的」。比较级foggier，最高级foggiest。名词fog(雾)。副词选foggily不常用。 例句：It is often foggy in the early morning. (adj.) 考点二 同义转换：foggy 说明：foggy (adj.) = misty / hazy(多雾的，朦胧的)；与clear(晴朗的)反义。 例句：The mountains look foggy in the morning. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：foggy weather(有雾的天气)；a foggy morning(有雾的早晨)；get/become foggy(起雾)。 例句：We had a foggy morning on the way to school. 考点四 词义辨析：foggy vs misty vs cloudy 说明：「foggy」指能见度低的浓雾；「misty」指薄雾；「cloudy」指多云，与雾无关。 例句：The valley is foggy; the hilltop is just misty; the sky is cloudy. 考点五 重点用法：词缀派生 说明：fog (n.) + -y → foggy (adj.)，表示「有…特性的」。类似构词：cloud→cloudy、rain→rainy、snow→snowy、sun→sunny、wind→windy。 例句：It was a cloudy, windy and foggy day. snowy /ˈsnəʊi/ adj. 下雪多的；被雪覆盖的 课本原句：Everything is covered in deep white snow. 课本原句：Winter days are full of snow. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「snowy」形容词意为「下雪多的；被雪覆盖的；雪白的」。比较级snowier，最高级snowiest。名词snow(雪)。 例句：It is a cold and snowy winter. (adj.) 考点二 同义转换：snowy 说明：snowy (adj.) = snow-covered / white(被雪覆盖的)；与snowless(无雪的)反义。 例句：The snowy mountains look very beautiful. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a snowy day(下雪天)；a snowy night(雪夜)；snowy weather(多雪的天气)；snowy mountains(雪山)。 例句：Children love playing on snowy days. 考点四 词义辨析：snowy vs raining 说明：「snowy」指下雪的天气；「raining」指下雨的天气。注意snow作动词时不加-ing直接用snowing。 例句：It is snowy in Beijing in winter, but raining in summer. 考点五 重点用法：词缀派生 说明：snow (n.) + -y → snowy (adj.)。类似词缀：rain→rainy、cloud→cloudy、wind→windy、sun→sunny、fog→foggy。 例句：It was a snowy evening last Christmas. pleasant /ˈpleznt/ adj. 令人愉快的 课本原句：The weather is very pleasant in autumn. 课本原句：The weather is pleasant at this time of year. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「pleasant」形容词意为「令人愉快的；友善的」。比较级more pleasant，最高级most pleasant。名词pleasure(快乐)。副词pleasantly。 例句：We had a pleasant holiday. (adj.) 考点二 同义转换：pleasant 说明：pleasant (adj.) = enjoyable / delightful / nice(令人愉快的)；与unpleasant(令人不快的)反义。 例句：The autumn here is always pleasant and cool. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a pleasant surprise(惊喜)；a pleasant smile(亲切的微笑)；a pleasant person(友善的人)；pleasant weather(宜人的天气)。 例句：What a pleasant surprise to see you again! 考点四 词义辨析：pleasant vs pleasing 说明：「pleasant」侧重客观感受；「pleasing」侧重主动给人愉悦。注意「pleasant」不能用于人作「高兴的」。 例句：The weather is pleasant today. The result was pleasing to all. 考点五 重点用法：常用句型 说明：It is pleasant to do sth. (做某事令人愉快)；It is pleasant for sb. to do sth. (对某人来说做某事令人愉快)。 例句：It is pleasant to walk in the park on sunny days. yeah /jeə/ excl. （口）是的 课本原句：Yeah, and the trees are colourful in autumn. 课本原句：Yeah. But we can go swimming and enjoy ice cream! 考点一 词形转换 说明：「yeah」是口语感叹词，等于yes(是的)的非正式说法，多用于英语美式或年轻人之间。注意区分yeah与yea(投票赞成)。 例句：Yeah, I will go with you. (excl.) 考点二 同义转换：yeah 说明：yeah (excl.) = yes(是的，口语)；与nope / no(不是的)反义。比yes更随意，常用于朋友之间。 例句：「Want some ice cream?」「Yeah, sure!」 考点三 固定搭配 说明：yeah, sure(是的，当然)；yeah, right(是吗/才怪，反语)；oh yeah?(是吗，表示怀疑)。 例句：「Will you come?」「Yeah, sure.」 考点四 词义辨析：yeah vs yes 说明：「yeah」是yes的非正式缩略，主要在口语中使用；「yes」更正式，可用于书面回复。yeah后通常不直接跟否定。 例句：Yeah sounds more casual. Yes is more formal. 考点五 重点用法：语气词 说明：yeah常放在句首，表示同意、附和或确认。后接完整句子时，前面通常有逗号。 例句：Yeah, I think you are right. hide /haɪd/ vi. & vt. 躲避；藏 课本原句：Bees and butterflies play among flowers, Then hide from April showers. 课本原句：The temperature is usually below zero, and it is often snowy. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「hide」既可作及物动词(隐藏)，也可作不及物动词(躲避)。过去式hid，过去分词hidden。注意与hid(名词，兽皮)区别。 例句：The cat hid under the bed. (vi.) 考点二 同义转换：hide 说明：hide (v.) = conceal / cover up(隐藏)；与reveal / show(展示)反义。 例句：She tried to hide her excitement. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：hide ... from ...(把…藏起来不让…发现)；hide behind(藏在…后面)；hide away(躲藏，隐藏)；hide and seek(捉迷藏)。 例句：The children are playing hide and seek. 考点四 词义辨析：hide vs cover 说明：「hide」强调使看不见；「cover」强调遮盖表面，但不一定看不见。 例句：He hid the gift under the bed. She covered the table with a cloth. 考点五 重点用法：hide from 说明：hide from sb./sth. 意为「躲避某人/某物」或「不让某人发现某事」。 例句：Birds hide from the cold wind in winter. shower /ˈʃaʊə(r)/ n. 阵雨 课本原句：Spring rain doesn't usually last long, so we call it a shower. 课本原句：Bees and butterflies play among flowers, Then hide from April showers. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「shower」作名词意为「阵雨；淋浴；一大批」。作动词意为「下阵雨；淋浴」。过去式showered。 例句：We were caught in a shower. (n.) 考点二 同义转换：shower 说明：shower (n.) = brief rain / drizzle(短暂的阵雨)；与downpour / heavy rain(倾盆大雨)程度不同。 例句：April showers bring May flowers. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：April showers(四月阵雨)；take a shower(洗淋浴)；a shower of bullets(一阵弹雨)；shower head(淋浴喷头)。 例句：I take a shower every morning before breakfast. 考点四 词义辨析：shower vs rain vs storm 说明：「shower」指短暂的阵雨；「rain」泛指下雨；「storm」指暴风雨，强度最大。 例句：There is a light shower now, but a big storm is coming later. 考点五 重点用法：习语 说明：「April showers bring May flowers」(四月阵雨带来五月花)，比喻先苦后甜。 例句：Just as the saying goes, April showers bring May flowers. memory /ˈmeməri/ n. 回忆 课本原句：Those sweet memories of summer days. 课本原句：I have wonderful memories of making snowmen with my friends. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「memory」是可数名词(回忆)和数词(记忆，存储器)。复数memories。形容词memorable(难忘的)。动词remember(记得)。 例句：I have many happy memories of my childhood. (n.) 考点二 同义转换：memory 说明：memory (n.) = recollection / remembrance(回忆，记忆)；与forgetfulness(健忘)反义。 例句：Her memory of that day is still fresh. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：in memory of(为纪念…)；have a good/bad memory(记忆力好/差)；childhood memories(童年回忆)；a fond memory(美好的回忆)。 例句：They built a statue in memory of the hero. 考点四 词义辨析：memory vs reminder 说明：「memory」强调记忆本身；「reminder」强调提醒物或提醒的话语。 例句：The photo is a reminder of happy memories. 考点五 重点用法：in memory of 说明：「in memory of sb.」为纪念某人，常用于悼念或纪念活动。是固定搭配。 例句：We planted a tree in memory of our teacher. stream /striːm/ n. 小河，溪 课本原句：Those sweet memories of summer days Are about quiet streams and trees and shade. 课本原句：The river flows into the stream. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「stream」作名词意为「小河；溪流；流动」。作动词意为「流动；流出」。过去式streamed。形容词streamy。 例句：We played by the stream in summer. (n.) 考点二 同义转换：stream 说明：stream (n.) = brook / creek / rivulet(小溪)；与river(大河)相比，stream指较小的水流。 例句：A stream runs through the forest. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a mountain stream(山涧)；a stream of water(一股水流)；stream of consciousness(意识流)；main stream(主流)。 例句：There is a clear stream in the mountain. 考点四 词义辨析：stream vs river 说明：「stream」指较小较浅的水流；「river」指较大的河流，可流入海洋。 例句：Children like to catch fish in the stream, not in the river. 考点五 重点用法：动词用法 说明：stream作动词意为「流动；涌出」，常与介词down、into连用。 例句：Tears streamed down her face. shade /ʃeɪd/ n. （树）荫 课本原句：Those sweet memories of summer days Are about quiet streams and trees and shade. 课本原句：I like to sit under the shade of trees. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「shade」作名词意为「阴凉处；树荫；色调；遮光物」。作动词意为「遮蔽；遮挡」。过去式shaded。形容词shady(阴凉的)。 例句：Let's sit in the shade of the tree. (n.) 考点二 同义转换：shade 说明：shade (n.) = shadow(阴凉处/阴影)；广义上可指任何遮挡光线的区域。注意shade强调遮蔽，shadow强调形状。 例句：The plants grow well in the shade. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：in the shade(在阴凉处)；under the shade of(在…的树荫下)；a shade of(少许)；shade tree(遮荫树)。 例句：It is cool under the shade of the big tree. 考点四 词义辨析：shade vs shadow 说明：「shade」泛指阴凉处、温度较低的区域；「shadow」指具体的影子、轮廓。 例句：We sat in the shade, looking at our shadows on the ground. 考点五 重点用法：引申义 说明：shade可引申为「色调；细微差别」，如a shade of red(一点红色)。 例句：There is a shade of doubt in his voice. lazy /ˈleɪzi/ adj. 慵懒的；懒惰的 课本原句：Lazy afternoons by a pool. 课本原句：I enjoy spending a lazy afternoon on the sofa and reading my favourite books. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「lazy」形容词意为「慵懒的；懒惰的；悠闲的」。比较级lazier，最高级laziest。副词lazily。名词laziness(懒惰)。 例句：He is too lazy to clean his room. (adj.) 考点二 同义转换：lazy 说明：lazy (adj.) = idle / sluggish(懒惰的，懒散的)；与industrious / diligent(勤奋的)反义。 例句：Don't be lazy in summer; keep studying! 考点三 固定搭配 说明：lazy afternoon(慵懒的下午)；lazy bones(懒骨头)；a lazy smile(慵懒的微笑)；feel lazy(感觉懒散)。 例句：We spent a lazy afternoon by the pool. 考点四 词义辨析：lazy vs idle 说明：「lazy」贬义较强，指不愿努力工作；「idle」中性，指无事可做或闲着。 例句：He is lazy at home. The machines lie idle. 考点五 重点用法：固定搭配 说明：lazy + 名词 构成固定短语：lazy dog(懒狗，习语)、lazy Susan(餐桌转盘)。 例句：Don't be a lazy dog. Get up and work! pool /puːl/ n. 水塘，池塘 课本原句：Lazy afternoons by a pool. 课本原句：I like to play on the grass beside the pool with my friends. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「pool」作名词意为「水池；池塘；游泳池；共用资源」。作动词意为「集中(资源)」。过去式pooled。 例句：They are swimming in the pool. (n.) 考点二 同义转换：pool 说明：pool (n.) = pond(池塘，户外)；与swimming pool(游泳池)等同。swimming pool = pool。 例句：We swam in the pool on hot days. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：swimming pool(游泳池)；pool water(池水)；car pool(拼车)；gene pool(基因库)；pool resources(集中资源)。 例句：The swimming pool is open in summer. 考点四 词义辨析：pool vs pond 说明：「pool」常指较小的人造水池；「pond」指较大的天然或人工池塘。 例句：There is a small pool in the garden and a big pond in the park. 考点五 重点用法：动词用法 说明：pool作动词意为「集中；汇集」，常与resources / money / ideas连用。 例句：We pooled our money to buy a gift. paɪl /paɪl/ n. 堆 课本原句：Then autumn leaves turn brown, Fall into piles upon the ground. 课本原句：There is a pile of leaves in the yard. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「pile」作名词意为「堆；大量」。作动词意为「堆起；堆积」。过去式piled。形容词pilable。 例句：There is a pile of books on the desk. (n.) 考点二 同义转换：pile 说明：pile (n.) = heap / stack(堆)；pile常指无序的堆，stack常指有序的叠。 例句：A pile of leaves gathered in the yard. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a pile of(一大堆)；piles of(大量的，许多)；pile up(堆积)；make a pile(赚钱，发财)。 例句：Leaves pile up in autumn. 考点四 词义辨析：pile vs stack vs heap 说明：「pile」可堆任何东西；「stack」多指整齐的堆叠；「heap」强调杂乱堆积。 例句：a pile of sand, a stack of books, a heap of rubbish 考点五 重点用法：pile up 说明：pile up 意为「堆积；积累」，可表示物理上的堆，也可表示工作或问题的累积。 例句：Work piles up before the holiday. upon /əˈpɒn/ prep. 在…上 课本原句：Then autumn leaves turn brown, Fall into piles upon the ground. 课本原句：Once upon a time, there was a beautiful princess. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「upon」介词，与on同义，但更为正式或文学化。常见于固定搭配或习语中。 例句：He sat upon the grass. (prep.) 考点二 同义转换：upon 说明：upon (prep.) = on(在…上)；upon较正式、文学化；on用于一般场合。两者在多数情况下可互换。 例句：The book is upon/on the table. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：once upon a time(从前)；upon my word(我保证)；look upon(看待)；upon + -ing(一…就)。 例句：Once upon a time, there lived a king. 考点四 词义辨析：upon vs on 说明：「upon」多用于习语或庄重场合；「on」更通用。upon在句末时不能换为on。 例句：She sat upon a chair. (upon可换为on) 考点五 重点用法：once upon a time 说明：「once upon a time」是童话故事开头的固定表达，意为「从前；从前有个」。 例句：Once upon a time, there was a poor farmer. harvest /ˈhɑːvɪst/ vt. & vi. 收割（庄稼） 课本原句：Farmers work to harvest crops. 课本原句：When autumn comes, it is time to harvest. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「harvest」作动词意为「收割；收获」。作名词意为「收成；收获」。过去式harvested。名词harvester(收割机)。 例句：Farmers harvest rice in autumn. (vt.) 考点二 同义转换：harvest 说明：harvest (v.) = gather / reap(收割，收获)；harvest是reap的更高级说法。 例句：It's time to harvest the wheat. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：harvest crops(收割庄稼)；harvest time(收获时节)；good harvest(丰收)；a rich harvest(硕果累累)；harvest festival(丰收节)。 例句：We had a good harvest this year. 考点四 词义辨析：harvest vs crop 说明：「harvest」指收获的行为或收成；「crop」指庄稼或一次收获的总量。 例句：The farmers are harvesting the crops. 考点五 重点用法：引申义 说明：harvest可引申为「成果；回报」，常与efforts / rewards搭配。 例句：Their hard work brought a rich harvest of knowledge. crop /krɒp/ n. 庄稼，作物 课本原句：Farmers work to harvest crops. 课本原句：The farmers are busy with their crops in the fields. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「crop」作名词意为「庄稼；作物；收成」。作动词意为「收割；种植」。过去式cropped。 例句：Wheat is a main crop in this area. (n.) 考点二 同义转换：crop 说明：crop (n.) = harvest / produce(收成，农产品)；crop偏重田地里的具体作物。 例句：Farmers grow different crops each season. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：crops of crops错误； main crop(主要作物)；cash crop(经济作物)；crop failure(作物歉收)；a crop of(一茬)。 例句：Rice is the main crop in southern China. 考点四 词义辨析：crop vs harvest 说明：「crop」强调作物本身；「harvest」强调收获的过程或收成。 例句：Crops grow in the fields. Farmers harvest the crops in autumn. 考点五 重点用法：crop up 说明：crop up 意为「突然出现；发生」，是固定短语。 例句：Some problems cropped up during the trip. as /æz/ conj. 当…时，随着；因为 课本原句：As the days get shorter and the temperature drops. 课本原句：As it is next to the sea, Shanghai is not very cold in winter. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「as」作连词可表示「当…时；随着；因为；如同」。作介词意为「作为；当作」。作副词意为「同样地」。 例句：As a student, you should study hard. (prep.) 考点二 同义转换：as 说明：as (conj.) = while / when(当…时)；as (prep.) = like / in the role of(作为)。 例句：As a child, I liked swimming. (prep.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：as ... as possible(尽可能…地)；as well(也)；as well as(和…一样)；as for(至于)；as long as(只要)；as if(好像)。 例句：Please come as soon as possible. 考点四 词义辨析：as vs like 说明：「as」作连词引导从句；「like」作介词后接名词。As a teacher(作为老师)；Like a teacher(像老师一样)。 例句：He works as a teacher. He talks like a teacher. 考点五 重点用法：as ... as 说明：as ... as 意为「和…一样」，中间用原级。否定形式：not as/so ... as。 例句：She is as tall as her mother. temperature /ˈtemprətʃə(r)/ n. 温度 课本原句：As the days get shorter and the temperature drops. 课本原句：In winter, it is often very cold, and the temperature can drop below zero. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「temperature」名词，复数temperatures。形容词temperate(温和的)。注意发音 /ˈtemprətʃə(r)/。 例句：The temperature is below zero today. (n.) 考点二 同义转换：temperature 说明：temperature (n.) = degree of heat/cold(温度)；指具体的冷热程度。 例句：Water freezes at a temperature of 0°C. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：high/low temperature(高/低温)；room temperature(室温)；take one's temperature(量体温)；body temperature(体温)；temperature drop(降温)。 例句：The nurse took my temperature this morning. 考点四 词义辨析：temperature vs weather 说明：「temperature」指具体的温度数值；「weather」指综合的天气状况。 例句：The temperature is 20°C. The weather is warm today. 考点五 重点用法：take one's temperature 说明：take one's temperature 是固定搭配，意为「给某人量体温」。 例句：Mom took my temperature when I had a fever. sofa /ˈsəʊfə/ n. 长沙发 课本原句：I enjoy spending a lazy afternoon on the sofa and reading my favourite books. 课本原句：There is a new sofa in the living room. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「sofa」是可数名词，复数sofas。英式英语也拼作sofa，美式英语常拼作couch。 例句：The cat is sleeping on the sofa. (n.) 考点二 同义转换：sofa 说明：sofa (n.) = couch / settee(长沙发)；sofa比较正式，couch较口语化。 例句：We bought a new sofa for the living room. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：sit on the sofa(坐在沙发上)；sofa bed(沙发床)；lie on the sofa(躺在沙发上)；leather sofa(真皮沙发)。 例句：Let's sit on the sofa and watch TV. 考点四 词义辨析：sofa vs chair 说明：「sofa」指可坐多人的长沙发；「chair」指单人椅。 例句：There are three chairs and a sofa in the room. 考点五 重点用法：介词搭配 说明：on the sofa(在沙发上)，英式英语；美式英语常用on the couch。 例句：He is sitting on the sofa reading a book. snowman /ˈsnəʊmæn/ n. (pl. snowmen) 雪人 课本原句：I have wonderful memories of making snowmen with my friends. 课本原句：I like snowmen. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「snowman」可数名词，复数形式snowmen(不规则变化)。合成词：snow + man。 例句：Children are making a snowman in the yard. (n.) 考点二 同义转换：snowman 说明：snowman (n.) 没有完全对等的同义词，是英语特有的冬季文化符号。 例句：A snowman needs three big snowballs. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：make a snowman(堆雪人)；a snowman's nose(雪人的鼻子)；melt like a snowman(像雪人一样融化)；Frosty the Snowman(雪人 Frosty，经典形象)。 例句：Let's make a snowman after the heavy snow! 考点四 词义辨析：snowman vs snowball 说明：「snowman」指用雪堆的人形；「snowball」指雪球或雪球大战。 例句：We made a snowman and then had a snowball fight. 考点五 重点用法：合成名词 说明：snowman属于「名词+名词」构成的合成名词。复数形式通常变第二个词：snowmen。 例句：The kids built two snowmen in the park. blow /bləʊ/ vi. & vt. 吹，刮；吹（气） 课本原句：The wind is blowing hard. 课本原句：Blow the candles out before you sleep. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「blow」作动词意为「吹；刮」。过去式blew，过去分词blown。注意发音变化。 例句：The wind blows from the north. (vi.) 考点二 同义转换：blow 说明：blow (v.) = gust(猛吹)；blow比gust更常用，gust指一阵狂风。 例句：The cold wind blew across the field. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：blow away(吹走)；blow out(吹灭)；blow up(爆炸；充气)；blow off(吹掉)；blow one's nose(擤鼻子)。 例句：Don't blow out the candles on the birthday cake too early. 考点四 词义辨析：blow vs breathe 说明：「blow」强调用力吹；「breathe」指自然呼吸。 例句：Blow out the candles. Breathe deeply when you are nervous. 考点五 重点用法：blow up 说明：blow up 是个多义短语：①爆炸；②(怒气)爆发；③给气球充气；④放大(照片)。 例句：The balloon blew up suddenly. shine /ʃaɪn/ vi. 发光，照耀 课本原句：The sun shines. 课本原句：The stars shine brightly at night. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「shine」作动词意为「发光；照耀；擦亮」。过去式shone(发光)或shined(擦亮)。作名词意为「光亮；光泽」。 例句：The sun is shining brightly. (vi.) 考点二 同义转换：shine 说明：shine (v.) = glow / glitter / radiate(发光，照耀)；shine强调持续发光。 例句：Her eyes shone with excitement. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：shine on(照耀)；shine brightly(明亮地照耀)；shine a light(照亮)；rain or shine(无论晴雨)；take a shine to(喜欢上)。 例句：The sun shines on the whole valley. 考点四 词义辨析：shine vs glow 说明：「shine」指稳定发光；「glow」指柔和的光或余烬的光。 例句：The moon shines at night. The embers glow in the fireplace. 考点五 重点用法：rain or shine 说明：「rain or shine」是固定搭配，意为「无论晴雨；风雨无阻」。 例句：We will go hiking tomorrow, rain or shine. smell /smel/ linking v. 有（或发出）…气味 课本原句：The flowers smell wonderful. 课本原句：The kitchen smells of fresh bread. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「smell」作连系动词后接形容词；作实义动词意为「闻到」。过去式smelt或smelled。注意作为连系动词的用法。 例句：The flowers smell sweet. (linking v.) 考点二 同义转换：smell 说明：smell (linking v.) = scent(散发气味)；smell (v.) = sniff(嗅，闻)。 例句：Roses smell nice. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：smell good/nice(闻起来好)；smell of(有…的气味)；smell like(闻起来像)；smell trouble(察觉麻烦)。 例句：The soup smells of garlic. 考点四 词义辨析：smell + adj. vs smell + adv. 说明：「smell + 形容词」(连系动词用法)，如smells sweet；「smell + 副词」(实义动词用法)，如smell well。 例句：The roses smell sweet. He can smell well even without a nose. 考点五 重点用法：smell of 说明：smell of 意为「有…的气味」，of后接名词，表示来源。 例句：Your hands smell of fish. heat /hiːt/ n. 热；热量 课本原句：The heat of the sun makes people sleepy in the afternoon. 课本原句：In summer, the heat is unbearable. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「heat」作名词意为「热；热量；暑热」。作动词意为「加热；使变热」。过去式heated。形容词hot(热的)。 例句：The heat in summer is too much. (n.) 考点二 同义转换：heat 说明：heat (n.) = warmth / hotness(热)；与cold / coolness(冷)反义。 例句：Animals cannot stand the heat of the desert. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：in the heat of(在…最激烈时)；heat wave(热浪)；radiator heat(暖气)；turn on the heat(开暖气)；heated discussion(激烈的讨论)。 例句：The heat of summer makes everyone tired. 考点四 词义辨析：heat vs hot 说明：「heat」作名词指热量或热度；「hot」是形容词，表示热的。 例句：The heat is on. (暖气开了。) The soup is hot. (汤是热的。) 考点五 重点用法：动词用法 说明：heat作动词意为「加热」，常与up搭配，heat up意为「变热；升温」。 例句：Please heat up the milk for the baby. sudden /ˈsʌdn/ adj. 突然的 课本原句：Sometimes it is rainy. The sudden heavy rain may bring lots of problems. 课本原句：There was a sudden change in the weather. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「sudden」形容词意为「突然的；意外的」。比较级more sudden，最高级most sudden。副词suddenly(突然地)。名词suddenness。 例句：The sudden storm surprised everyone. (adj.) 考点二 同义转换：sudden 说明：sudden (adj.) = unexpected / abrupt(突然的，意外的)；强调没有预兆。 例句：There was a sudden knock at the door. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：sudden change(突变)；sudden death(猝死；突然死亡)；sudden attack(突然袭击)；a sudden idea(突发奇想)；all of a sudden(突然地)。 例句：All of a sudden, the lights went out. 考点四 词义辨析：sudden vs quick 说明：「sudden」强调没有预兆；「quick」强调速度快，但可以有预兆。 例句：a sudden rain (没预兆的下雨) a quick shower (来得快的阵雨) 考点五 重点用法：all of a sudden 说明：「all of a sudden」是固定短语，意为「突然地」，相当于suddenly，但更口语化。 例句：All of a sudden, the dog started barking. snowball /ˈsnəʊbɔːl/ n. 雪球 课本原句：Have big snowball fights with friends. 课本原句：We throw snowballs at each other, running and laughing. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「snowball」可数名词，复数snowballs。也可作动词，意为「滚雪球般增长」。合成词：snow + ball。 例句：The kids are throwing snowballs at each other. (n.) 考点二 同义转换：snowball 说明：snowball (n.) 没有完全对应的同义词；「snowball fight」雪球大战是固定说法。 例句：A snowball fight is fun in winter. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：snowball fight(打雪仗)；throw snowballs(扔雪球)；a snowball's chance(微乎其微的机会，习语)；snowball effect(雪球效应)。 例句：We had a big snowball fight after school. 考点四 词义辨析：snowball vs snowman 说明：「snowball」指雪球，可用于打雪仗；「snowman」指堆成的雪人。 例句：First we made snowballs, then we built a snowman. 考点五 重点用法：动词用法 说明：snowball作动词意为「滚雪球般增长」，常指问题或规模不断扩大。 例句：The debt snowballed over the years. fog /fɒɡ/ n. 雾 课本原句：Heavy fog is not funny for people. 课本原句：It is sometimes foggy in autumn and winter. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「fog」作名词意为「雾；困惑」。作动词意为「使模糊」。过去式fogged。形容词foggy(有雾的)。 例句：Heavy fog made driving difficult. (n.) 考点二 同义转换：fog 说明：fog (n.) = mist / haze(雾)；fog比mist浓，能见度更低。 例句：A thick fog covered the city. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：heavy fog(浓雾)；thick fog(浓雾)；in a fog(困惑)；fog light(雾灯)；fog up(起雾)。 例句：The airport was closed because of heavy fog. 考点四 词义辨析：fog vs mist vs smog 说明：「fog」指浓雾；「mist」指薄雾；「smog」指烟雾(雾+烟)，多指空气污染。 例句：Fog is thick, mist is thin, and smog is polluted. 考点五 重点用法：in a fog 说明：「in a fog」是固定短语，意为「困惑的；迷糊的」。 例句：I was in a fog after the long flight. divide /dɪˈvaɪd/ vt. & vi. （使）分开，分成 课本原句：They divided the year into 24 parts—these are the 24 Solar Terms. 课本原句：The river divides the two cities. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「divide」动词，过去式divided。名词division(划分；部门)。形容词divided(分裂的)。反义词unite(联合)。 例句：Divide the cake into eight pieces. (vt.) 考点二 同义转换：divide 说明：divide (v.) = split / separate / partition(分开，划分)；与unite / combine(联合)反义。 例句：The class is divided into four groups. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：divide ... into ...(把…分成…)；divide ... between/among(在…之间分配)；divide up(分配，分割)；divided opinion(分歧的意见)。 例句：We divided the work among three people. 考点四 词义辨析：divide vs separate 说明：「divide」强调整体分成部分；「separate」强调把原本在一起的分开。 例句：Divide the apple into pieces. Separate the good from the bad. 考点五 重点用法：被动语态 说明：divide常用于被动语态：be divided into(被分成)。 例句：The book is divided into five chapters. divide ... into 短语 把…分成… 课本原句：They divided the year into 24 parts—these are the 24 Solar Terms. 课本原句：The teacher divided the class into groups of four. 考点一 同义转换：divide into 说明：「divide ... into ...」= split ... into ... = separate ... into ...(把…分成…)；都强调把整体分成若干部分。 例句：Divide the cake into 8 equal pieces. 考点二 固定搭配 说明：divide A into B(把A分成B)；be divided into(被分成)；divide into groups(分成小组)。 例句：The students were divided into four groups. 考点三 词义辨析：divide into vs separate from 说明：「divide into」强调把整体分成若干部分；「separate from」强调把原本在一起的东西分开。 例句：Divide the class into 4 groups. Separate the boys from the girls. 考点四 重点用法：被动语态 说明：divide ... into 常用于被动：sth. is divided into ...。 例句：China is divided into 23 provinces. 考点五 常用句型 说明：A is divided into B and C. (A被分成B和C)。 例句：The year is divided into four seasons. end /end/ vi. & vt. 结束，终止 课本原句：The terms start with the Beginning of Spring and end with the Major Cold. 课本原句：The movie ends with a happy ending. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「end」作动词意为「结束；终止」。作名词意为「结尾；终点；目的」。过去式ended。形容词endless(无尽的)。 例句：The class ends at 5 p.m. (vi.) 考点二 同义转换：end 说明：end (v.) = finish / conclude / terminate(结束)；end是最常用的，finish更口语。 例句：Let's end the meeting now. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：in the end(最后)；at the end of(在…的末尾)；by the end of(到…结束时)；end up(最终)；come to an end(结束)；make ends meet(量入为出)。 例句：In the end, we won the game. 考点四 词义辨析：end vs finish 说明：「end」更正式，可用于书面；「finish」更口语，强调完成最后动作。 例句：The road ends at the river. I finished my homework at 8. 考点五 重点用法：end up 说明：「end up + -ing/介词短语」意为「最终处于；以…结束」，常表示非计划的结果。 例句：We ended up staying home because of the rain. beyond /bɪˈjɒnd/ prep. 超出，除…之外 课本原句：The terms also have important cultural meanings beyond farming. 课本原句：The view is beyond description. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「beyond」介词，意为「超出；在…那边；除…之外」。也可作副词意为「在更远处」。 例句：It is beyond my understanding. (prep.) 考点二 同义转换：beyond 说明：beyond (prep.) = past / outside of / more than(超出，除…之外)；用于抽象或具体意义均可。 例句：This is beyond what I expected. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：beyond belief(难以置信)；beyond doubt(毫无疑问)；beyond compare(无与伦比)；beyond control(无法控制)；beyond reach(够不着)。 例句：The result was beyond our wildest dreams. 考点四 词义辨析：beyond vs besides 说明：「beyond」强调超出范围；「besides」强调除…之外(还有)。 例句：Beyond farming, the terms have cultural meaning. Besides English, he speaks French. 考点五 重点用法：it is beyond sb. 说明：「it is beyond sb.」意为「超出某人的能力/理解范围」，是固定句型。 例句：It's beyond me why he did that. connect /kəˈnekt/ vt. & vi. 把…联系起来；（使）连接 课本原句：Some of them are connected with traditional festivals. 课本原句：The bridge connects the two sides of the river. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「connect」动词，过去式connected。名词connection(联系)。形容词connected(有联系的)；disconnected(无联系的)。 例句：Please connect the printer to the computer. (vt.) 考点二 同义转换：connect 说明：connect (v.) = link / join / unite(连接，联合)；connect强调建立联系，join强调物理上接合。 例句：The highway connects the two cities. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：connect ... with/to ...(把…与…连接/联系起来)；connect A and B(连接A和B)；be connected with(与…有联系)；connect up(接通)。 例句：Connect the two wires together. 考点四 词义辨析：connect vs join 说明：「connect」侧重抽象或具体的连接关系；「join」侧重物理上的接合。 例句：Connect the dots. Join the two pieces of paper. 考点五 重点用法：connect ... to/with 说明：「connect A to/with B」意为「把A与B连接/联系起来」。 例句：The teacher connected the lesson to real life. be connected with 短语 与…有联系 课本原句：Some of them are connected with traditional festivals. 课本原句：He is connected with the company through his family. 考点一 同义转换：be connected with 说明：「be connected with」= be related to / be linked with / be associated with(与…有联系)；用于表示某种关联。 例句：His name is connected with the success. 考点二 固定搭配 说明：be connected with(与…有联系)；be connected by(由…连接)；be connected to(连接到)。 例句：All the people here are connected with the school. 考点三 词义辨析：be connected with vs be connected to 说明：「be connected with」侧重抽象联系；「be connected to」侧重具体连接(物理或通讯)。 例句：He is connected with the company. (与公司有联系) The printer is connected to the computer. (连接到电脑) 考点四 重点用法：被动语态 说明：connect常用于被动语态，构成系表结构。 例句：The two parts are connected by a wire. 考点五 常用句型 说明：A is connected with B. (A与B有联系)。 例句：This festival is connected with the harvest. positive /ˈpɒzətɪv/ adj. 正面的；积极的；肯定的 课本原句：They have had a positive effect on Chinese culture for thousands of years. 课本原句：Try to stay positive in difficult times. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「positive」形容词意为「正面的；积极的；肯定的」。副词positively。名词positivity(积极性)。反义词negative(消极的)。 例句：She gave a positive answer. (adj.) 考点二 同义转换：positive 说明：positive (adj.) = optimistic / constructive / affirmative(积极的，正面的)；与negative / pessimistic(消极的)反义。 例句：He has a positive attitude towards life. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：positive effect(积极影响)；positive attitude(积极态度)；positive feedback(正面反馈)；positive thinking(积极思考)；positive side(积极面)。 例句：Exercise has a positive effect on health. 考点四 词义辨析：positive vs negative 说明：「positive」强调积极、肯定；「negative」强调消极、否定。 例句：positive effect vs negative effect; positive feedback vs negative feedback 考点五 重点用法：stay positive 说明：「stay positive」意为「保持积极」，是常用的鼓励表达。 例句：No matter what happens, stay positive! effect /ɪˈfekt/ n. 影响，结果；效果 课本原句：They have had a positive effect on Chinese culture for thousands of years. 课本原句：The effect of the medicine is amazing. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「effect」名词，意为「影响；效果；效力」。动词affect(影响)。形容词effective(有效的)。 例句：The effect of the medicine lasted for hours. (n.) 考点二 同义转换：effect 说明：effect (n.) = influence / impact(影响)；effect强调具体的效果，influence强调潜移默化的影响。 例句：The new policy had a great effect on education. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：have an effect on(对…有影响)；side effect(副作用)；take effect(生效)；in effect(实际上)；special effects(特效)。 例句：The medicine had a quick effect on my headache. 考点四 词义辨析：effect vs affect 说明：「effect」是名词；「affect」是动词(影响)。注意发音区别：/ɪˈfekt/ vs /əˈfekt/。 例句：The effect is good. (名词) The weather affects our mood. (动词) 考点五 重点用法：take effect 说明：「take effect」意为「生效；起作用」，是固定搭配。 例句：The new law will take effect next month. average /ˈævərɪdʒ/ n. 平均 课本原句：Below (zero), Cold, wet and windy, About ___ hours of daylight every day 课本原句：On average, ___ hours of sunshine every day 考点一 词形转换 说明：「average」作名词意为「平均；平均水平」。作形容词意为「平均的；普通的」。作动词意为「平均为」。 例句：The average score is 85. (n./adj.) 考点二 同义转换：average 说明：average (n.) = mean(平均数)；average更常用，mean多用于数学语境。 例句：The average temperature in July is 30°C. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：on average(平均)；average age(平均年龄)；above/below average(高于/低于平均)；average person(普通人)。 例句：On average, I read two books a month. 考点四 词义辨析：average vs ordinary 说明：「average」强调平均水平；「ordinary」强调普通、平常。 例句：an average student (中等水平的学生) an ordinary person (普通人) 考点五 重点用法：on average 说明：「on average」是固定短语，意为「平均起来；通常」，作状语。 例句：On average, women live longer than men. wet /wet/ adj. 湿的，潮的 课本原句：Moscow is cold and wet in December. 课本原句：The weather is cold, wet and windy. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「wet」形容词意为「湿的；下雨的」。比较级wetter，最高级wettest。动词wet(弄湿)。反义词dry(干的)。 例句：The ground is wet after the rain. (adj.) 考点二 同义转换：wet 说明：wet (adj.) = damp / moist / humid(潮湿的)；wet最湿，damp稍微潮湿，humid指空气潮湿。 例句：The wet clothes dried quickly in the sun. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：wet weather(潮湿天气)；get wet(弄湿)；wet paint(油漆未干)；wet through(湿透)；wet dream(梦遗)。 例句：Don't go out in the wet weather without an umbrella. 考点四 词义辨析：wet vs damp 说明：「wet」指明显有水的；「damp」指稍微潮湿、未完全干。 例句：The towel is wet. The basement feels damp. 考点五 重点用法：wet through 说明：「wet through」意为「湿透；浑身湿透」，是固定搭配。 例句：We got wet through in the storm. daylight /ˈdeɪlaɪt/ n. 日光 课本原句：At the start of winter, there are only ___ hours of daylight every day. 课本原句：Daylight is longer in summer than in winter. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「daylight」不可数名词，意为「日光；天明」。合成词：day + light。 例句：We can see clearly in the daylight. (n.) 考点二 同义转换：daylight 说明：daylight (n.) = sunlight / sunshine(日光，阳光)；daylight泛指白天的光。 例句：The room is full of daylight. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：in broad daylight(在大白天；光天化日)；daylight saving time(夏令时)；daylight robbery(敲诈，明抢)；before daylight(天亮前)。 例句：The crime happened in broad daylight. 考点四 词义辨析：daylight vs sunlight vs sunshine 说明：「daylight」强调白天的自然光；「sunlight」强调太阳发出的光；「sunshine」强调阳光照射的状态。 例句：Daylight comes from the sun. Sunlight reaches the earth. We enjoy the sunshine. 考点五 重点用法：in broad daylight 说明：「in broad daylight」意为「在大白天；光天化日之下」，强调公开、不避讳。 例句：They stole the bag in broad daylight. degree /dɪˈɡriː/ n. 度，度数 课本原句：The average temperature is above 0°C. 课本原句：It's ten degrees below zero in Moscow today. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「degree」可数名词，意为「度；度数；程度；学位」。复数degrees。形容词gradual(逐渐的)。 例句：It's 30 degrees today. (n.) 考点二 同义转换：degree 说明：degree (n.) = extent / level(程度)；用于温度时与°符号搭配：30 degrees Celsius = 30°C。 例句：He has a high degree of confidence. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：degree of(…的程度)；to some degree(在某种程度上)；by degrees(逐渐地)；first degree(最高级)；bachelor's degree(学士学位)。 例句：I agree with you to some degree. 考点四 词义辨析：degree vs temperature 说明：「degree」是温度的单位(度数)；「temperature」指具体的温度。 例句：The temperature is 30 degrees. (温度是30度) 考点五 重点用法：degrees Celsius/Fahrenheit 说明：温度的表达：degrees Celsius(摄氏度，°C)、degrees Fahrenheit(华氏度，°F)。 例句：It's 25 degrees Celsius today. on average 短语 平均 课本原句：On average, ___ hours of sunshine every day and not much rain. 课本原句：On average, people sleep 7-8 hours a night. 考点一 同义转换：on average 说明：「on average」= on the average / on an average(平均而言)；三者用法基本相同，on average最常用。 例句：On average, women live longer than men. 考点二 固定搭配 说明：on average(平均)；above the average(高于平均)；below the average(低于平均)。 例句：On average, I study 3 hours every day. 考点三 词义辨析：on average vs in general 说明：「on average」侧重平均数；「in general」侧重总体情况。 例句：On average, we get 100 visitors. (平均) In general, it's a good school. (总体而言) 考点四 重点用法：句首句尾均可 说明：on average 可放在句首或句尾，作状语修饰整个句子。 例句：On average, the price has gone up. / The price has gone up on average. 考点五 常用句型 说明：On average, + 主语 + 谓语...(平均而言，某事…)。 例句：On average, students in this school pass the exam. sunshine /ˈsʌnʃaɪn/ n. 阳光 课本原句：On average, ___ hours of sunshine every day and not much rain. 课本原句：We enjoyed the warm sunshine in spring. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「sunshine」不可数名词，意为「阳光；晴朗」。合成词：sun + shine。形容词sunny(晴朗的)。 例句：Plants need sunshine to grow. (n.) 考点二 同义转换：sunshine 说明：sunshine (n.) = sunlight / daylight(阳光，日光)；sunshine更口语化，强调温暖的感觉。 例句：After the rain, the sunshine came out. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：in the sunshine(在阳光下)；sunshine state(阳光之州，美国佛罗里达)；brilliant sunshine(灿烂的阳光)；a ray of sunshine(一缕阳光)。 例句：Children love playing in the sunshine. 考点四 词义辨析：sunshine vs sunlight 说明：「sunshine」更口语，强调温暖和愉快；「sunlight」更书面，强调光的物理性质。 例句：Basking in the sunshine is relaxing. Sunlight is needed for vitamin D. 考点五 重点用法：引申义 说明：sunshine可引申为「快乐的人或事物」，常用于昵称：my sunshine(我的小太阳)。 例句：You are my sunshine on a cloudy day. start /stɑːt/ n. 开头，开端 课本原句：At the start of winter, there are only ___ hours of daylight every day. 课本原句：From start to finish, the show was great. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「start」作名词意为「开始；开端；起点」。作动词意为「开始；出发」。过去式started。 例句：From the very start, I knew she was the one. (n.) 考点二 同义转换：start 说明：start (v./n.) = begin / beginning(开始；开端)；start更口语，begin更正式。 例句：Let's start the lesson now. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：at the start of(在…的开始)；from start to finish(从头到尾)；make a start(开始)；start with(以…开始)；start over(重新开始)。 例句：From start to finish, we had a great time. 考点四 词义辨析：start vs begin 说明：「start」更常用，更口语；「begin」稍正式。start还可指机器启动，begin没有这个用法。 例句：Start the car. (启动汽车) The meeting begins at 9. (会议9点开始) 考点五 重点用法：start doing vs start to do 说明：「start doing」和「start to do」都意为「开始做某事」，通常可互换。 例句：It started raining/to rain. snowstorm /ˈsnəʊstɔːm/ n. 雪暴，暴风雪 课本原句：There was a heavy snowstorm here in Harbin yesterday. 课本原句：A snowstorm hit the north last night. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「snowstorm」可数名词，复数snowstorms。合成词：snow + storm。形容词snowy(下雪的)。 例句：A snowstorm is coming tonight. (n.) 考点二 同义转换：snowstorm 说明：snowstorm (n.) = blizzard / heavy snow(暴风雪)；blizzard多用于美式英语。 例句：A snowstorm buried the village in white. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：heavy snowstorm(强暴风雪)；a snowstorm hits(暴风雪袭击)；snowstorm warning(暴风雪警报)；survive a snowstorm(在暴风雪中幸存)。 例句：The snowstorm blocked all the roads. 考点四 词义辨析：snowstorm vs blizzard 说明：「snowstorm」是通用词；「blizzard」特指持续强风雪的暴风雪，程度更严重。 例句：A snowstorm is a storm with snow. A blizzard is a severe snowstorm. 考点五 重点用法：合成名词 说明：snowstorm属于合成名词，前缀表示类型(snow)。类似词：sandstorm(沙尘暴)、rainstorm(暴风雨)。 例句：The sandstorm came before the snowstorm last year. awful /ˈɔːfl/ adj. 糟糕的，极讨厌的 课本原句：Oh dear! The weather is so awful. 课本原句：The food at that restaurant was awful. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「awful」形容词意为「糟糕的；可怕的」。比较级awfuller/awfuler，最高级awfullest/awfulest。副词awfully。 例句：What an awful day! (adj.) 考点二 同义转换：awful 说明：awful (adj.) = terrible / dreadful / horrible(糟糕的，可怕的)；口语中也表示「非常」。 例句：The storm was awful last night. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：awful weather(糟糕的天气)；feel awful(感觉糟糕)；an awful lot(非常多)；awful noise(可怕的噪音)。 例句：I feel awful about the mistake. 考点四 词义辨析：awful vs awesome 说明：「awful」意为糟糕；「awesome」意为令人敬畏的、了不起的。在美式口语中awesome表示赞叹。 例句：The food is awful. (糟糕) The view is awesome. (很棒) 考点五 重点用法：awful 强调用法 说明：口语中awful可作副词强调，意为「非常」，如awful nice(非常好)。 例句：It's awful cold today. order /ˈɔːdə(r)/ vt. & vi. 订购 课本原句：I can order things for you online, Grandpa. 课本原句：She ordered a book from the bookstore. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「order」作动词意为「订购；命令；整理」。作名词意为「命令；秩序；订单」。过去式ordered。 例句：I want to order a pizza. (vt.) 考点二 同义转换：order 说明：order (v.) = book / reserve(订购，预订)；order指订购货物，book指预订座位/票。 例句：We need to order more supplies. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：in order(整齐地；按顺序)；in order to(为了)；in order that(以便)；out of order(混乱；出故障)；place an order(下订单)；order ... from ...(从…订购)。 例句：Everything is in order now. 考点四 词义辨析：order vs command 说明：「order」较正式的命令；「command」更正式，常用于军事或官方场合。 例句：The doctor ordered me to rest. The general commanded the troops. 考点五 重点用法：order sb. to do 说明：「order sb. to do sth.」意为「命令某人做某事」，是固定句型。 例句：The teacher ordered the students to keep quiet. take care 短语 保重 课本原句：OK. Feel free to call us if you need help. Take care, Grandpa. Bye-bye. 课本原句：You take care too. Bye. 考点一 同义转换：take care 说明：「take care」= look after yourself / take care of yourself(保重；照顾好自己)；take care of还表示「照顾；处理」。 例句：Take care on your way home. 考点二 固定搭配 说明：take care(注意；保重)；take care of(照顾；处理)；take care to do(注意做某事)；take great care(格外小心)；take care not to do(小心不要做)。 例句：Take care of yourself when you are sick. 考点三 词义辨析：take care vs care for 说明：「take care」用于告别或提醒；「care for」表示照顾或喜欢。 例句：Take care! (告别) I care for you. (关心你) 考点四 重点用法：告别用语 说明：「take care」是告别时常用的表达，比goodbye更亲切。 例句：Take care! See you next week. 考点五 常用句型 说明：Take care + (of sb./sth.) (照顾某人/某物)；Take care! (保重！)。 例句：Take care of your health. Take care! frozen /ˈfrəʊzn/ adj. 结冰的；冷冻的 课本原句：Everything is covered in deep white snow. Even the lakes and rivers are frozen. 课本原句：The lake is frozen in winter. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「frozen」是freeze的过去分词，作形容词意为「结冰的；冷冻的；冻僵的」。动词原形freeze。 例句：The lake is frozen in winter. (adj.) 考点二 同义转换：frozen 说明：frozen (adj.) = iced / icy(结冰的，冰冻的)；frozen强调被冻的状态，icy强调表面像冰。 例句：The frozen food tastes fresh. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：frozen food(冷冻食品)；frozen lake(结冰的湖)；frozen river(结冰的河)；frozen to death(冻死)；frozen yogurt(冷冻酸奶)。 例句：We bought some frozen dumplings for dinner. 考点四 词义辨析：frozen vs cold 说明：「frozen」指已经结冰或冷冻的状态；「cold」指温度低的。 例句：frozen food (冷冻的) cold water (冷水) 考点五 重点用法：freeze的时态变化 说明：freeze - froze - frozen(现在-过去-过去分词)。be frozen in(被冰封在…)是常用搭配。 例句：The ship was frozen in the ice. thick /θɪk/ adj. 厚的；浓的 课本原句：Everyone has to wear thick warm clothes. 课本原句：The book has a thick cover. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「thick」形容词意为「厚的；浓的；密集的」。比较级thicker，最高级thickest。名词thickness(厚度)。 例句：The ice is thick enough to walk on. (adj.) 考点二 同义转换：thick 说明：thick (adj.) = dense / heavy(厚的，浓的)；thick用于描述物理厚度，dense用于密度。 例句：The fog is thick today. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：thick hair(浓密的头发)；thick fog(浓雾)；thick soup(浓汤)；thick book(厚书)；thick skin(厚脸皮)。 例句：She has thick black hair. 考点四 词义辨析：thick vs thin 说明：「thick」厚的；「thin」薄的。两者为反义词。 例句：a thick book vs a thin book 考点五 重点用法：thick with 说明：「thick with」意为「充满；布满」，常与smoke、fog、trees等连用。 例句：The air was thick with smoke. deep /diːp/ adj. 深的 课本原句：Everything is covered in deep white snow. 课本原句：The river is very deep here. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「deep」形容词意为「深的；深厚的；深沉的」。比较级deeper，最高级deepest。副词deeply。名词depth(深度)。 例句：The snow is deep this winter. (adj.) 考点二 同义转换：deep 说明：deep (adj.) = profound(深的，深奥的)；deep更通用，profound偏抽象。 例句：He is in deep thought. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：deep water(深水)；deep sleep(熟睡)；deep breath(深呼吸)；deep in thought(陷入沉思)；deep down(内心深处)；deep color(深色)。 例句：Take a deep breath and relax. 考点四 词义辨析：deep vs deeply 说明：「deep」可作形容词和副词，表示具体的深度；「deeply」是副词，常用于抽象意义。 例句：dig deep (挖得深) deeply moved (深受感动) 考点五 重点用法：deep in 说明：「deep in + 名词」意为「深入…；沉浸于…」，常与thought / work / trouble搭配。 例句：He is deep in thought. throw /θrəʊ/ vt. & vi. 扔 课本原句：We throw snowballs at each other, running and laughing. 课本原句：Throw the ball to me, please. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「throw」动词，意为「扔；抛；投」。过去式threw，过去分词thrown。名词thrower(投掷者)。 例句：Throw the ball to me. (vt.) 考点二 同义转换：throw 说明：throw (v.) = toss / hurl / cast(扔，抛)；throw最通用，toss指轻轻抛，hurl指用力投。 例句：Don't throw stones at the window. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：throw away(扔掉)；throw up(呕吐；举起)；throw at(朝…扔)；throw a party(举办聚会)；throw oneself into(投身于)。 例句：Don't throw away the chance. 考点四 词义辨析：throw vs toss 说明：「throw」强调用力投掷；「toss」指轻轻向上抛。 例句：He threw the ball hard. She tossed the coin. 考点五 重点用法：throw at vs throw to 说明：「throw at」意为「朝…扔」(可能攻击)；「throw to」意为「扔给」(给某人)。 例句：Don't throw stones at the dog. Throw the ball to me. sculpture /ˈskʌlptʃə(r)/ n. 雕像，雕塑品 课本原句：There are beautiful ice sculptures everywhere. 课本原句：The park has many stone sculptures. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「sculpture」可数名词，意为「雕像；雕塑品」。复数sculptures。动词sculpt(雕刻)。名词sculptor(雕塑家)。 例句：There is a beautiful sculpture in the square. (n.) 考点二 同义转换：sculpture 说明：sculpture (n.) = statue / carving(雕像，雕塑品)；sculpture是艺术形式，statue多指具体人像。 例句：Ice sculptures are popular in winter festivals. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：ice sculpture(冰雕)；stone sculpture(石雕)；bronze sculpture(铜雕)；sculpture gallery(雕塑馆)；make a sculpture(制作雕塑)。 例句：Children love looking at the ice sculptures in Harbin. 考点四 词义辨析：sculpture vs statue 说明：「sculpture」泛指各种雕塑作品；「statue」多指人像或具体形象的雕塑。 例句：a marble sculpture (大理石雕塑) a statue of Lincoln (林肯雕像) 考点五 重点用法：形容词派生 说明：形容词sculptural(雕塑的；雕刻般的)。注意拼写：sculpture → sculptural。 例句：The building has a sculptural quality. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $