Unit 4 重点词汇核心考点精讲 2026-2027学年八年级英语上册新教材译林版

该初中英语8AU4重点单词考点精讲讲义通过目录检索和词性分类表格系统构建知识体系，将40余个核心单词按名词、动词、形容词等类别梳理，清晰呈现单词间的内在联系与重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于“考点五维解析”设计，每个单词从词形转换、同义转换等角度精讲，如mooncake的文化背景考点培养文化意识，shelf的不规则复数变化强化语言能力。配套课本原句和例句，基础学生可掌握基础用法，优秀学生通过词义辨析提升思维品质，助力教师实施精准分层教学。

8AU4重点单词考点精讲 目录检索 mooncake 2 shelf 2 rose 3 coloured paper 3 tape 4 glue 4 fold 5 complete 5 DIY 6 crazy 6 be crazy about 7 born 7 handyman 8 mistake 8 power cut 9 pipe 9 fill ... with 10 unlucky 10 instead 11 course 11 mess 12 in a mess 12 lamp 13 catch one's eye 13 surprised 14 impossible 14 paint 15 can 15 everywhere 16 chalk 16 mark 17 brush 17 instructions 18 dangerous 19 usual 19 tie-dye 20 twist 20 cloth 21 tie 21 thread 22 dye 22 untie 23 method 23 product 24 not only ... but also ... 24 workshop 25 dry 25 pattern 26 roll 26 reduce 27 waste 27 joy 28 glove 28 finger 29 button 29 onto 30 词性分类 【名词 (n.)】mooncake、shelf、rose、coloured paper、tape、glue、DIY、handyman、mistake、pipe、course、mess、lamp、paint、can、everywhere、chalk、mark、brush、instructions、cloth、thread、dye、method、product、workshop、pattern、roll、waste、joy、glove、finger、button 【动词 (v./vi./vt.)】tape、glue、fold、instead、everywhere、tie-dye、twist、tie、dye、untie、dry、reduce 【形容词 (adj.)】complete、crazy、born、unlucky、surprised、impossible、dangerous、usual 【副词 (adv.)】instead、everywhere 【prep.】onto 【短语】be crazy about、power cut、fill ... with、in a mess、catch one's eye、not only ... but also ... mooncake /ˈmuːnkeɪk/ n. 月饼 课本原句：Making mooncakes. 课本原句：Making mooncakes is a popular DIY activity. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「mooncake」由moon(月亮)+cake(蛋糕)构成的复合名词。复数形式mooncakes。 例句：We eat mooncakes at Mid-Autumn Festival. 考点二 同义转换：mooncake 说明：mooncake = moon cake / Mid-Autumn cake(月饼)。 例句：Mooncakes are a traditional Chinese food. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：make mooncakes(做月饼)；eat mooncakes(吃月饼)；a box of mooncakes(一盒月饼)。 例句：My grandma makes mooncakes every Mid-Autumn Festival. 考点四 词义辨析：mooncake vs cake 说明：「mooncake」特指中秋节吃的月饼；「cake」泛指各种蛋糕。 例句：A mooncake is a special cake for the Mid-Autumn Festival. 考点五 重点用法：文化背景 说明：mooncake是中秋节传统食品，常在中秋节家人团聚时分享。 例句：Sharing mooncakes with family is a tradition. shelf /ʃelf/ n. (pl. shelves) 架子 课本原句：Putting together a shelf. 课本原句：You'd better have a shelf for them. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「shelf」是不规则变化名词，复数形式为shelves。动词形式「to shelf」(搁置)。 例句：I need to put these books on the shelf. 考点二 同义转换：shelf 说明：shelf = rack / bookcase / stand(架子，搁架)。 例句：Please put the books on the shelf. (= on the rack) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：on the shelf(在架子上)；bookshelf(书架)；a shelf for sth(放某物的架子)。 例句：My books are all on the bookshelf. 考点四 词义辨析：shelf vs bookcase 说明：「shelf」指单层架子；「bookcase」指多层带门或开放的书柜。 例句：I put the books on the shelf. The bookcase is in the living room. 考点五 重点用法：on the shelf 短语 说明：「on the shelf」表示「搁置/未使用」的状态，可指计划或人。 例句：The project was put on the shelf due to lack of money. rose /rəʊz/ n. 玫瑰（花） 课本原句：I'm going to make some paper roses. 课本原句：Let's tape or glue the pieces together. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「rose」是动词rise的过去式，作名词指「玫瑰花」。复数roses。 例句：She rose early and bought a bunch of roses. 考点二 同义转换：rose 说明：rose = flower(玫瑰花，特指玫瑰)。 例句：He gave her a red rose. (= a red flower) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a bunch of roses(一束玫瑰)；paper rose(纸玫瑰)；rose garden(玫瑰园)。 例句：He sent her a bunch of roses on Valentine's Day. 考点四 词义辨析：rose vs rise (动词) 说明：「rose」是「rise」的过去式；作名词时指「玫瑰」。 例句：She rose from her chair. (rose = 升起) / She likes red roses. (rose = 玫瑰) 考点五 重点用法：bed of roses 说明：bed of roses意为「舒适愉快的处境」，常用于否定句。 例句：Life is not always a bed of roses. coloured paper /ˈkʌləd ˈpeɪpə(r)/ n. 彩纸 课本原句：I need some coloured paper, tape or glue and a pair of scissors. 课本原句：I will cut the flower shapes from the coloured paper. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「coloured paper」由colour(颜色)+ed(形容词后缀)+paper(纸)构成。colour的英式拼法，美式为color。 例句：I bought some coloured paper for the craft class. 考点二 同义转换：coloured paper 说明：coloured paper = tinted paper / construction paper(彩色纸)。 例句：Coloured paper is often used in crafts. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a piece of coloured paper(一张彩纸)；use coloured paper to do sth(用彩纸做某事)。 例句：We use coloured paper to make decorations. 考点四 词义辨析：coloured vs colorful 说明：「coloured」指「有颜色的」；「colorful」指「色彩鲜艳的/丰富多彩的」。 例句：I bought coloured paper. The market is colorful. 考点五 重点用法：复合名词 说明：「coloured paper」是复合名词，作主语时动词用单数。 例句：The coloured paper is in the drawer. tape /teɪp/ n.; vt. 胶带；用胶带粘贴 课本原句：I need some coloured paper, tape or glue and a pair of scissors. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「tape」可作名词(胶带；磁带)和动词(用胶带粘)。过去式/分词taped。 例句：She taped the gift box. 考点二 同义转换：tape 说明：tape (n.) = adhesive tape / sticky tape(胶带)；tape (v.) = stick / fasten(粘贴)。 例句：I taped the poster to the wall. (= stuck) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：sellotape / scotch tape(透明胶带)；masking tape(美纹胶带)；tape sth up(用胶带封住)。 例句：She taped up the broken window. 考点四 词义辨析：tape vs band 说明：「tape」指细长带状物；「band」指更宽的带子或条状物。 例句：I used tape to fix it. I wore a band on my wrist. 考点五 重点用法：red tape 说明：red tape意为「繁文缛节，官僚手续」。 例句：There is too much red tape in getting a visa. glue /ɡluː/ n.; vt. 胶，胶水；（用胶水）黏合，粘贴 课本原句：I need some coloured paper, tape or glue and a pair of scissors. 课本原句：For the eyes, we glued two buttons. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「glue」可作名词(胶水)和动词(粘合)。过去式/分词glued。 例句：He glued the broken vase back together. 考点二 同义转换：glue 说明：glue (n.) = adhesive / paste(胶水)；glue (v.) = stick / paste / bond(粘贴)。 例句：Glue can hold things together. (= adhesive) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：glue A to B(把A粘到B上)；glue A and B together(把A和B粘在一起)。 例句：She glued the pieces of paper together. 考点四 词义辨析：glue vs paste 说明：「glue」指液体胶水；「paste」指浆糊或粘贴。 例句：Use glue for wood. Use paste for paper. 考点五 重点用法：glued to 说明：「glued to」意为「紧盯着/离不开」。 例句：The kids were glued to the TV. fold /fəʊld/ vt. 折叠 课本原句：You can fold the paper like this. 课本原句：Fold the paper in half. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「fold」是规则动词。名词folding(折叠)。可作名词「折叠/褶皱」。 例句：She folded the letter and put it in an envelope. 考点二 同义转换：fold 说明：fold = crease / double over(折叠)。 例句：Fold the paper in half. (= Double the paper over) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：fold sth in half/into halves(对折)；fold up(折叠起来)；fold one's arms(双臂交叉)。 例句：Fold your clothes neatly before putting them away. 考点四 词义辨析：fold vs unfold 说明：「fold」意为「折叠」；「unfold」意为「展开」。 例句：She folded the map, then unfolded it again. 考点五 重点用法：fold 的抽象用法 说明：「fold」可表示「合拢/包入」抽象含义。 例句：Fold the eggs into the batter. complete /kəmˈpliːt/ adj. 完成，结束；全部的 课本原句：When our job is complete, we'll see some lovely roses. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「complete」是形容词(完整的)。动词形式「to complete」(完成)。过去式completed。 例句：I completed the task on time. 考点二 同义转换：complete 说明：complete (adj.) = entire / whole / finished(完整的)；complete (v.) = finish / accomplish(完成)。 例句：The work is complete. (= finished) / I completed the work. (= finished) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：complete with(包括/配有)；a complete set(完整的一套)。 例句：The house comes complete with furniture. 考点四 词义辨析：complete vs finish 说明：「complete」强调「完成所有部分」；「finish」强调「结束」动作。 例句：I finished the book, but haven't read the complete version. 考点五 重点用法：作定语 说明：「complete」常作定语，强调「全部/完整」。 例句：She told me the complete story. DIY /ˌdiː aɪ ˈwaɪ/ n. (=do-it-yourself) 自己动手 课本原句：DIY is popular among young people. 课本原句：My cousin Andrew is crazy about DIY. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「DIY」是do-it-yourself的缩写形式。形容词DIY(自己动手的)。 例句：DIY projects save money. 考点二 同义转换：DIY 说明：DIY = do-it-yourself / homemade(自己动手做的)。 例句：I love DIY activities. (= do-it-yourself activities) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：DIY project(自己动手的项目)；DIY skills(动手能力)；DIY enthusiast(手工爱好者)。 例句：She is a DIY enthusiast. 考点四 词义辨析：DIY vs handmade 说明：「DIY」强调「自己动手做」的过程；「handmade」强调「手工制作的」。 例句：I made it myself. (DIY) / It was made by hand. (handmade) 考点五 重点用法：首字母缩写词 说明：DIY是缩写词，作名词用单数形式。 例句：DIY is fun and saves money. crazy /ˈkreɪzi/ adj. 狂热的；迷恋的 课本原句：My cousin Andrew is crazy about DIY. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「crazy」是形容词。名词形式「craziness」。副词「crazily」。比较级crazier，最高级craziest。 例句：He is crazy about football. 考点二 同义转换：crazy 说明：crazy = mad / insane / wild(疯狂的，狂热的)。 例句：She is crazy about music. (= mad about) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：be crazy about(迷恋，热衷于)；go crazy(发疯)；drive sb crazy(使某人发疯)。 例句：Don't drive your mother crazy! 考点四 词义辨析：crazy vs mad 说明：「crazy」更口语化；「mad」英式英语常用，意为「疯了/恼火」。 例句：Are you crazy? / Are you mad? 考点五 重点用法：作表语 说明：「crazy」常与about连用表示「对…狂热」。 例句：The kids are crazy about the new game. be crazy about 短语 热衷于 课本原句：My cousin Andrew is crazy about DIY. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「be crazy about」由be动词+crazy+about构成，表示「对…狂热」。 例句：She is crazy about pop music. 考点二 同义转换：be crazy about 说明：be crazy about = be mad about / be passionate about / be fond of(热衷于)。 例句：He's crazy about DIY. (= He's mad about DIY.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：be crazy about sth/sb(对某事/某人狂热)；go crazy about(对…着迷)。 例句：The fans went crazy about the singer. 考点四 词义辨析：crazy about vs crazy for 说明：「crazy about」更常用；「crazy for」较少见，意思相近。 例句：She is crazy about dancing. / He is crazy for her. 考点五 重点用法：程度副词修饰 说明：可用absolutely/really/quite修饰：absolutely crazy about(极其狂热)。 例句：I'm absolutely crazy about chocolate. born /bɔːn/ adj. 天生的 课本原句：He is not a born handyman! 考点一 词形转换 说明：「born」是动词bear(生育)的过去分词，作形容词意为「天生的」。 例句：She was born in 2000. 考点二 同义转换：born 说明：born = natural / innate(天生的)。 例句：He is a born leader. (= a natural leader) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：be born(出生)；be born with(天生具有)；born and bred(土生土长的)。 例句：She was born with a talent for music. 考点四 词义辨析：born vs borne 说明：「born」用于被动语态(由…生出)；「borne」是bear的过去分词(携带/承担)。 例句：She was born in Beijing. / The cost was borne by the company. 考点五 重点用法：born of 说明：「born of」意为「源于/来自于」。 例句：His courage was born of his determination. handyman /ˈhændimæn/ n. (pl. handymen) 手巧的人 课本原句：He is not a born handyman! 考点一 词形转换 说明：「handyman」由handy(手巧的)+man(人)构成的复合名词。复数handymen。 例句：My uncle is a handyman. 考点二 同义转换：handyman 说明：handyman = jack-of-all-trades / DIY expert / repairman(多面手，修补匠)。 例句：He can fix everything. He's a real handyman. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a born handyman(天生手巧的人)；a skilled handyman(熟练的能手)。 例句：Andrew is not a born handyman. 考点四 词义辨析：handyman vs craftsman 说明：「handyman」指擅长修理和日常杂务的人；「craftsman」指工匠/手艺精湛者。 例句：The handyman fixed the pipe. The craftsman made a beautiful table. 考点五 重点用法：复合名词复数 说明：复合名词的复数通常在主要名词上变化：handyman → handymen。 例句：We hired two handymen for the job. mistake /mɪˈsteɪk/ n. 错误 课本原句：He made a mistake, and his whole house had a power cut. 课本原句：He hit a water pipe and filled the room with water. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「mistake」可作名词(错误)和动词(弄错)。过去式mistook，过去分词mistaken。 例句：I mistook her for her sister. 考点二 同义转换：mistake 说明：mistake = error / blunder / slip(错误，过失)。 例句：I made a mistake. (= I made an error.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：make a mistake(犯错误)；by mistake(不小心)；mistake A for B(把A误认为B)。 例句：I took her umbrella by mistake. 考点四 词义辨析：mistake vs fault 说明：「mistake」指做错的事；「fault」指过失/责任。 例句：It's my mistake. / It's my fault. 考点五 重点用法：常用句型 说明：「It's a mistake to do sth」(做某事是错误的)。 例句：It's a mistake to drive so fast. power cut 短语 断电，停电 课本原句：His whole house had a power cut. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「power cut」由power(电力)+cut(中断)构成的复合名词。复数power cuts。 例句：The storm caused a power cut. 考点二 同义转换：power cut 说明：power cut = power outage / blackout / electricity failure(停电)。 例句：We had a power cut last night. (= blackout) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：have a power cut(停电)；suffer a power cut(遭遇停电)。 例句：The whole neighbourhood suffered a power cut. 考点四 词义辨析：power cut vs power failure 说明：「power cut」指计划或意外的停电；「power failure」多指技术故障。 例句：A power cut is scheduled tonight. / The power failure was due to a fault. 考点五 重点用法：英美表达差异 说明：「power cut」是英式英语；美式英语常用「power outage」。 例句：We had a power cut. (BrE) / We had a power outage. (AmE) pipe /paɪp/ n. 管道，管子 课本原句：He wanted to put up a picture on the wall, but he hit a water pipe and filled the room with water. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「pipe」可作名词(管子)和动词(用管子输送)。过去式/分词piped。 例句：Water is piped to every house. 考点二 同义转换：pipe 说明：pipe = tube / conduit(管道，管子)。 例句：Water flows through the pipe. (= tube) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：water pipe(水管)；gas pipe(煤气管)；pipe dream(白日梦)。 例句：He has many pipe dreams about becoming famous. 考点四 词义辨析：pipe vs tube 说明：「pipe」多指输送液体/气体的管子；「tube」指任何中空的管。 例句：Water pipe / toothpaste tube 考点五 重点用法：pipe down 说明：「pipe down」意为「安静下来/小声点」。 例句：Pipe down! The baby is sleeping. fill ... with 短语 使…充满 课本原句：He hit a water pipe and filled the room with water. 课本原句：There was blue paint everywhere. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「fill ... with」由fill(填满)+with(用)构成。fill的反义词empty(倒空)。 例句：She filled the glass with water. 考点二 同义转换：fill ... with 说明：fill ... with = stuff ... with / pack ... with(塞满，装满)。 例句：She filled the room with flowers. (= stuffed) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：fill A with B(用B装满A)；fill in(填写)；fill out(填表/变胖)。 例句：Please fill in the form. 考点四 词义辨析：fill vs full 说明：「fill」是动词(装满)；「full」是形容词(满的)。 例句：Fill the bottle with water. / The bottle is full. 考点五 重点用法：fill up 说明：「fill up」意为「(使)充满/装满」。 例句：The car filled up with passengers. unlucky /ʌnˈlʌki/ adj. 不幸的，不顺利的 课本原句：Andrew thought he was just unlucky. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「unlucky」是un-+lucky构成的形容词。反义词lucky。名词形式unluck(不幸)。 例句：He was unlucky to lose the game. 考点二 同义转换：unlucky 说明：unlucky = unfortunate / hapless / ill-fated(不幸的，倒霉的)。 例句：He is unlucky. (= He is unfortunate.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：be unlucky(不幸)；unlucky in love(恋爱不顺)；unlucky day(不吉利的日子)。 例句：Friday the 13th is considered an unlucky day. 考点四 词义辨析：unlucky vs unfortunate 说明：「unlucky」强调运气差；「unfortunate」强调客观处境不佳。 例句：He was unlucky not to win. / It was an unfortunate accident. 考点五 重点用法：前缀un- 说明：un-前缀加在形容词前构成反义词：lucky → unlucky。 例句：happy → unhappy / lucky → unlucky instead /ɪnˈsted/ adv. 反而 课本原句：He didn't stop trying to fix things on his own. 课本原句：Instead, he bought many books about DIY. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「instead」是副词，常与of连用。instead of(代替，而不是)。 例句：I'll have tea instead of coffee. 考点二 同义转换：instead 说明：instead = rather / alternatively / in place of(代替，反而)。 例句：I'll go instead. (= rather) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：instead of(代替，而不是)；do sth instead(改做某事)。 例句：Give me the red one instead of the blue one. 考点四 词义辨析：instead vs instead of 说明：「instead」单独用：作替代；「instead of」+ doing/n.：代替某事。 例句：I'll go instead. / I'll go instead of staying. 考点五 重点用法：句首副词 说明：「instead」常置于句首或句尾作状语。 例句：He didn't help. Instead, he laughed. course /kɔːs/ n. 课程 课本原句：He bought many books about DIY and took an online DIY course as well. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「course」可指课程、过程、路线等。复数courses。 例句：She took a course in cooking. 考点二 同义转换：course 说明：course = class / lesson / program(课程，科目)。 例句：I took a course in maths. (= a class) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：take a course(修课程)；of course(当然)；in the course of(在…过程中)；a course book(教科书)。 例句：Of course, I'll help you. 考点四 词义辨析：course vs class 说明：「course」指整套课程；「class」可指单节课或班级。 例句：This course has 10 classes. 考点五 重点用法：dinner course 说明：「course」可指一道菜：a three-course meal(三道菜的一餐)。 例句：Soup is the first course of the meal. mess /mes/ n. 杂乱，不整洁 课本原句：One day, he found my room in a mess, with books all over my bed. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「mess」可作名词(混乱)和动词(弄乱)。messy是形容词(凌乱的)。 例句：Don't mess up my room! 考点二 同义转换：mess 说明：mess = chaos / disorder / clutter(混乱，杂乱)。 例句：The room is a mess. (= in chaos) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：in a mess(凌乱)；make a mess(弄乱)；mess up(搞砸)。 例句：He made a mess of his homework. 考点四 词义辨析：mess vs mass 说明：「mess」指混乱状态；「mass」指大量物质或群众。 例句：The room is a mess. / A mass of people gathered. 考点五 重点用法：mess with 说明：「mess with」意为「干涉/惹麻烦」。 例句：Don't mess with the dog. in a mess 短语 乱七八糟 课本原句：He found my room in a mess. 课本原句：The bedroom was in a mess after the party. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「in a mess」由in(处于)+mess(杂乱)构成。 例句：My desk is in a mess. 考点二 同义转换：in a mess 说明：in a mess = in chaos / in disorder / untidy(乱七八糟)。 例句：Everything is in a mess. (= in chaos) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：in a mess(乱七八糟)；leave sth in a mess(把…弄得乱七八糟)。 例句：The kids left the room in a mess. 考点四 词义辨析：in a mess vs at mess 说明：「in a mess」表示状态；「at mess」(军事)指在食堂吃饭。 例句：His hair is in a mess. / Soldiers are at mess. 考点五 重点用法：作表语 说明：「in a mess」常作表语或宾语补足语。 例句：The whole situation is in a mess. lamp /læmp/ n. 灯 课本原句：A floor lamp there caught my eye. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「lamp」是可数名词。复数lamps。lamp的动词形式少见。 例句：She turned on the desk lamp. 考点二 同义转换：lamp 说明：lamp = light / lantern(灯)。 例句：Please turn on the lamp. (= the light) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：floor lamp(落地灯)；desk lamp(台灯)；table lamp(桌灯)；lamp shade(灯罩)。 例句：I bought a new lamp for my study. 考点四 词义辨析：lamp vs light 说明：「lamp」具体指灯(台灯、落地灯等)；「light」可指光源或灯。 例句：The lamp is on the desk. / Turn off the light. 考点五 重点用法：lamp oil 说明：「lamp oil」指灯油，古代点灯用的油。 例句：They used lamp oil for lighting. catch one's eye 短语 引起某人注意 课本原句：A floor lamp there caught my eye. 课本原句：The colourful painting caught my eye. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「catch one's eye」由catch(抓住)+one's(某人的)+eye(眼睛)构成。 例句：The red dress caught my eye. 考点二 同义转换：catch one's eye 说明：catch one's eye = attract one's attention / draw one's eye(引起某人注意)。 例句：The poster caught my eye. (= attracted my attention) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：catch one's eye(引起注意)；catch sb's eye(引起某人的注意)。 例句：The unusual design caught her eye. 考点四 词义辨析：catch one's eye vs keep an eye on 说明：「catch one's eye」意为「引起注意」；「keep an eye on」意为「留意/照看」。 例句：The hat caught my eye. / Please keep an eye on my bag. 考点五 重点用法：catch 的引申义 说明：「catch」有「吸引/抓住」之意。catch a cold(感冒)；catch fire(着火)。 例句：I caught a cold yesterday. surprised /səˈpraɪzd/ adj. 惊奇的，感到意外的 课本原句：I was surprised to know that he made it himself! 考点一 词形转换 说明：「surprised」是动词surprise的过去式/分词作形容词。名词form surprise(惊讶)。 例句：The news surprised everyone. 考点二 同义转换：surprised 说明：surprised = amazed / astonished / shocked(惊讶的)。 例句：I was surprised. (= I was amazed.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：be surprised at(对…感到惊讶)；be surprised to do(做某事感到惊讶)。 例句：I was surprised at the news. 考点四 词义辨析：surprised vs surprising 说明：「surprised」描述人的感受(人感到惊讶)；「surprising」描述事物(令人惊讶的)。 例句：I am surprised. / The result is surprising. 考点五 重点用法：动词用法 说明：surprise可作及物动词：surprise sb(使某人惊讶)。 例句：The gift surprised me. impossible /ɪmˈpɒsəbl/ adj. 不可能的 课本原句：Now no DIY job seems impossible to him. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「impossible」是im-+possible构成的形容词。反义词possible(可能的)。 例句：It's impossible to finish in one day. 考点二 同义转换：impossible 说明：impossible = unattainable / out of the question / hopeless(不可能的)。 例句：This is impossible. (= out of the question) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：It's impossible to do sth(做某事是不可能的)；an impossible task(不可能完成的任务)。 例句：It's impossible for me to be there before 8. 考点四 词义辨析：impossible vs unable 说明：「impossible」强调客观上不可能；「unable」强调主观上无能力。 例句：It's impossible to fly without wings. / I'm unable to help. 考点五 重点用法：the impossible 说明：「the impossible」作名词意为「不可能的事」。 例句：Don't ask me to do the impossible. paint /peɪnt/ n. 油漆；绘画颜料 课本原句：I decided to paint my bedroom blue. 课本原句：There was blue paint everywhere. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「paint」可作名词(油漆/颜料)和动词(画画/刷漆)。painter(画家)；painting(图画)。 例句：She painted a picture. 考点二 同义转换：paint 说明：paint (n.) = dye / pigment(颜料)；paint (v.) = colour / coat(上漆)。 例句：Use this paint for the wall. (= dye) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：wet paint(油漆未干)；paint a picture(画画)；paint sth blue(把某物漆成蓝色)。 例句：Wet paint! Don't touch the wall. 考点四 词义辨析：paint vs draw 说明：「paint」用颜料作画(油画/水彩)；「draw」用铅笔/钢笔画线条。 例句：She paints in oils. / He draws cartoons. 考点五 重点用法：paint 的抽象用法 说明：「paint」可表示「描绘/形容」。 例句：His speech painted a bright future. can /kæn/ n. 金属容器，塑料容器 课本原句：I jumped up to reach the toy, but it was a complete mess the paint can, and the can fell over. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「can」可作名词(容器/罐头)，动词(能/会)和情态动词。复数cans。 例句：He can swim. / I drank a can of Coke. 考点二 同义转换：can 说明：can (n.) = tin / container / jar(容器，罐头)；can (v.) = be able to(能够)。 例句：I can do it. (= I am able to do it.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a can of(一听/一罐)；can opener(开罐器)；can't help doing(忍不住做某事)。 例句：I can't help laughing. 考点四 词义辨析：can vs may 说明：「can」表示能力或请求许可；「may」表示可能性或正式许可。 例句：I can swim. / May I come in? 考点五 重点用法：情态动词 说明：can是情态动词，后接动词原形，无人称变化。 例句：She can play the piano. everywhere /ˈevriweə(r)/ adv. & pron. 到处 课本原句：There was blue paint everywhere—even on my cat! 考点一 词形转换 说明：「everywhere」由every+where构成。可作副词和代词。 例句：I looked for it everywhere. 考点二 同义转换：everywhere 说明：everywhere = all over / in every place / all around(到处，处处)。 例句：I looked everywhere. (= all over) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：everywhere I go(我所到之处)；everywhere in the world(世界各地)。 例句：Everywhere I go, I see pollution. 考点四 词义辨析：everywhere vs anywhere 说明：「everywhere」用于肯定句；「anywhere」用于否定/疑问句。 例句：I can find it everywhere. / I can't find it anywhere. 考点五 重点用法：作主语或宾语 说明：「everywhere」作代词时，可作主语或宾语。 例句：Everywhere looks beautiful in spring. chalk /tʃɔːk/ n. 粉笔 课本原句：She wrote on the blackboard with chalk. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「chalk」是不可数名词(粉笔材料)，可数名词指一支粉笔。复数chalks。 例句：The teacher picked up a piece of chalk. 考点二 同义转换：chalk 说明：chalk (rock) = limestone(石灰岩)；chalk (writing) = crayon(粉笔/蜡笔)。 例句：He drew with chalk. / She used a crayon to colour. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a piece of chalk(一支粉笔)；chalkboard / blackboard(黑板)；chalk and cheese(截然不同)。 例句：The teacher wrote on the chalkboard. 考点四 词义辨析：chalk vs crayon 说明：「chalk」指粉笔(白垩制成)；「crayon」指蜡笔。 例句：Use chalk on the board. Use crayons on paper. 考点五 重点用法：chalk up 说明：「chalk up」意为「记下/取得(成绩)」。 例句：He chalked up another victory. mark /mɑːk/ n. 标记；分数 课本原句：He got full marks in the exam. 课本原句：Put a mark on the map. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「mark」可作名词(标记/分数)和动词(标记/打分)。复数marks。 例句：The teacher marked the homework. 考点二 同义转换：mark 说明：mark (n.) = sign / symbol / score(标记；分数)；mark (v.) = label / indicate(标记)。 例句：Put a mark on the page. (= a sign) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：make a mark(做标记)；full marks(满分)；mark out(划出)；mark down(记下/减价)。 例句：She got full marks in maths. 考点四 词义辨析：mark vs sign 说明：「mark」可指具体痕迹或抽象标记；「sign」多指象征性符号。 例句：There is a mark on the wall. / The dove is a sign of peace. 考点五 重点用法：mark time 说明：「mark time」意为「原地踏步/等待时机」。 例句：We're marking time until the decision is made. brush /brʌʃ/ n. 刷子；画笔 课本原句：Put the brush into the paint. 课本原句：He picked up a brush to paint the wall. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「brush」可作名词(刷子)和动词(刷)。过去式/分词brushed。 例句：She brushed her hair. 考点二 同义转换：brush 说明：brush (n.) = broom / sweeper(刷子)；brush (v.) = sweep / groom(刷)。 例句：Use a brush to clean. (= a broom) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：toothbrush(牙刷)；paintbrush(画笔)；hairbrush(发刷)；brush up(复习)。 例句：I need to brush up on my English. 考点四 词义辨析：brush vs broom 说明：「brush」指小刷子；「broom」指扫帚。 例句：Use a toothbrush for teeth. Use a broom for the floor. 考点五 重点用法：brush against 说明：「brush against」意为「轻擦/掠过」。 例句：She brushed against me in the crowd. instructions /ɪnˈstrʌkʃnz/ n. [pl.] 用法说明 课本原句：Read the instructions before using the product. 课本原句：Follow the instructions carefully. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「instructions」是名词instruction的复数形式(用法说明/指示)。动词instruct(指导)。 例句：She gave us instructions. 考点二 同义转换：instructions 说明：instructions = directions / guidelines / manual(说明，指示)。 例句：Read the instructions. (= directions) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：follow instructions(遵循指示)；instructions for use(使用说明)；give instructions(给出指示)。 例句：Follow the instructions on the box. 考点四 词义辨析：instruction vs education 说明：「instruction」强调具体的指示/说明；「education」强调系统的教育。 例句：Read the instruction manual. / She has a good education. 考点五 重点用法：复数用法 说明：「instructions」常用复数形式。 例句：The instructions are on the back. dangerous /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/ adj. 危险的 课本原句：Scissors can be dangerous. 课本原句：Glue can hurt your skin and eyes. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「dangerous」是形容词。名词danger(危险)。反义词safe(安全的)。 例句：It is dangerous to swim here. 考点二 同义转换：dangerous 说明：dangerous = risky / unsafe / hazardous(危险的)。 例句：Climbing is dangerous. (= risky) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：be dangerous to(对…危险)；a dangerous person(危险人物)；dangerous driving(危险驾驶)。 例句：It's dangerous to play with fire. 考点四 词义辨析：dangerous vs in danger 说明：「dangerous」指某物本身危险；「in danger」指某人/某物处于危险中。 例句：Lions are dangerous. / The patient is in danger. 考点五 重点用法：It is dangerous to do 说明：常用句型：It is dangerous to do sth(做某事很危险)。 例句：It is dangerous to swim in the river. usual /ˈjuːʒuəl/ adj. 通常的，寻常的 课本原句：As usual, he arrived late. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「usual」是形容词。副词usually(通常)。反义词unusual(不寻常的)。 例句：I woke up at my usual time. 考点二 同义转换：usual 说明：usual = normal / typical / common(通常的，寻常的)。 例句：It's a usual day. (= typical) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：as usual(照例，照常)；than usual(比平时)；the usual place(老地方)。 例句：He came late as usual. 考点四 词义辨析：usual vs common 说明：「usual」强调经常发生的；「common」强调普遍存在的。 例句：It is usual to be polite. / It's a common name. 考点五 重点用法：usual 派生词 说明：派生词：usually(通常地)；unusual(不寻常的)；unusually(异常地)。 例句：She is unusually quiet today. tie-dye /ˈtaɪ daɪ/ vt. 扎染（织物） 课本原句：Tie-dyeing is an old art with a history of over 1,500 years. 课本原句：Here are the steps for tie-dyeing. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「tie-dye」由tie(扎)+dye(染色)构成的复合动词。-dyeing形式。 例句：She tie-dyed a T-shirt. 考点二 同义转换：tie-dye 说明：tie-dye = resist-dyeing(扎染，防染工艺)。 例句：Tie-dye is a popular craft. (= resist-dyeing) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：tie-dye T-shirt(扎染T恤)；tie-dye workshop(扎染工作坊)；learn tie-dyeing(学扎染)。 例句：She took a tie-dye workshop. 考点四 词义辨析：tie-dye vs dye 说明：「tie-dye」是特定的扎染技术；「dye」是泛指染色。 例句：Tie-dye is a special dyeing technique. / I dyed my shirt blue. 考点五 重点用法：复合动词 说明：「tie-dye」是复合动词，过去式/分词tie-dyed。 例句：She tie-dyed the cloth herself. twist /twɪst/ vt. 使扭曲，使弯曲 课本原句：First, twist a piece of cloth and tie it with thread. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「twist」可作名词(扭曲)和动词(扭转)。过去式/分词twisted。 例句：He twisted the wire into a loop. 考点二 同义转换：twist 说明：twist = turn / rotate / wring(扭转，扭曲)。 例句：Twist the lid to open. (= turn) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：twist and turn(曲折蜿蜒)；twist one's ankle(扭伤脚踝)；twist off(拧开)。 例句：I twisted my ankle while running. 考点四 词义辨析：twist vs turn 说明：「twist」强调扭转的动作；「turn」强调方向变化。 例句：She twisted the rope. / He turned the corner. 考点五 重点用法：twist 的引申义 说明：「twist」可表示「歪曲/曲解」。 例句：Don't twist my words. cloth /klɒθ/ n. 布料，织物 课本原句：Twist a piece of cloth and tie it with thread. 课本原句：Cut the cloth into pieces. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「cloth」是不可数名词(布料)，也可作可数名词(用作特殊用途的布)。复数cloths。 例句：She used a cloth to wipe the table. 考点二 同义转换：cloth 说明：cloth = fabric / textile / material(布料，织物)。 例句：Buy some cloth for the project. (= fabric) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a piece of cloth(一块布)；table cloth(桌布)；clothes(衣服)。 例句：She cut a piece of cloth. 考点四 词义辨析：cloth vs clothes 说明：「cloth」指布料/织物；「clothes」指衣服。 例句：I need cloth for sewing. / I bought new clothes. 考点五 重点用法：the cloth 说明：「the cloth」可指「神职人员」。 例句：He joined the cloth when young. tie /taɪ/ vt. （用线、绳等）系，拴，绑，捆 课本原句：Twist a piece of cloth and tie it with thread. 课本原句：Tie the knot tightly. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「tie」可作动词(系)和名词(领带；平局)。过去式/分词tied。 例句：She tied her hair back. 考点二 同义转换：tie 说明：tie = bind / fasten / knot(系，绑)。 例句：Tie the rope to the post. (= fasten) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：tie up(系紧，捆绑)；tie in with(与…一致)；tie the knot(结婚)。 例句：The thief was tied up. 考点四 词义辨析：tie vs untie 说明：「tie」意为「系上」；「untie」意为「解开」。 例句：Tie your shoes. / Untie your shoes. 考点五 重点用法：tie 的引申义 说明：「tie」可表示「打成平局」。 例句：The game ended in a tie. thread /θred/ n. 线 课本原句：Twist a piece of cloth and tie it with thread. 课本原句：All you need is a piece of cloth, rolls of thread and a bowl of dye. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「thread」可作名词(线)和动词(穿线)。复数threads。 例句：She threaded the needle. 考点二 同义转换：thread 说明：thread = string / yarn / cord(线，丝)。 例句：Use thread to sew. (= string) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a piece of thread(一根线)；thread and needle(针线)；lose the thread(失去线索)。 例句：I lost the thread of the story. 考点四 词义辨析：thread vs string 说明：「thread」多指细线；「string」指稍粗的绳/线。 例句：Needle and thread / Kite string 考点五 重点用法：threads 复数 说明：「threads」复数可指衣服(俚语)。 例句：She bought new threads. dye /daɪ/ vt.; n. 给…染色，染；染料，染液 课本原句：Put the T-shirt into a big bowl of blue dye. 课本原句：The dye made the cloth a beautiful colour. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「dye」可作名词(染料)和动词(染色)。过去式/分词dyed。 例句：She dyed her hair red. 考点二 同义转换：dye 说明：dye (n.) = pigment / colourant(染料)；dye (v.) = colour / stain(染色)。 例句：Use natural dye. (= pigment) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：dye sth red/blue(把某物染成红色/蓝色)；hair dye(染发剂)；natural dye(天然染料)。 例句：She dyed her dress blue. 考点四 词义辨析：dye vs die 说明：「dye」是染色；「die」是死亡/消逝，发音相同。 例句：She dyed the cloth. / He will die someday. 考点五 重点用法：dye 的变化形式 说明：dye过去式dyed，注意不发音的e保留。 例句：I dyed my hair yesterday. untie /ʌnˈtaɪ/ vt. 解开 课本原句：Once it is dry, untie the T-shirt and see the amazing patterns. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「untie」是un-+tie构成的动词。反义词tie(系上)。 例句：She untied the knot. 考点二 同义转换：untie 说明：untie = undo / loosen / unfasten(解开，松开)。 例句：He untied the rope. (= loosened) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：untie the knot(解开结)；untie the ribbon(解开丝带)。 例句：She untied her shoes. 考点四 词义辨析：untie vs loosen 说明：「untie」特指解开绳结/带子；「loosen」指放松/松开。 例句：Untie the knot. / Loosen the screw. 考点五 重点用法：前缀un- 说明：un-前缀加在动词前构成反义词：tie → untie。 例句：dress → undress / lock → unlock method /ˈmeθəd/ n. 方法 课本原句：Local people still use traditional tie-dyeing methods to make different products. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「method」是可数名词。复数methods。形容词methodical(有条理的)。 例句：She has a good method of study. 考点二 同义转换：method 说明：method = way / approach / technique(方法，方式)。 例句：Try a new method. (= way) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：method of doing sth(做某事的方法)；teaching method(教学方法)；with method(有条理地)。 例句：What's your method of learning English? 考点四 词义辨析：method vs means 说明：「method」指系统的步骤；「means」指手段/工具。 例句：Modern teaching methods. / Means of transport. 考点五 重点用法：scientific method 说明：「scientific method」指「科学方法」。 例句：The scientific method is important in research. product /ˈprɒdʌkt/ n. 产品 课本原句：Tie-dyeing methods to make different products like scarves and bags. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「product」是可数名词。动词produce(生产)。名词production(生产)。 例句：The company produces dairy products. 考点二 同义转换：product 说明：product = item / goods / output(产品，产物)。 例句：This product is well-made. (= item) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a product of(…的产物)；dairy product(乳制品)；by-product(副产品)。 例句：Milk is a dairy product. 考点四 词义辨析：product vs produce 说明：「product」是可数名词；「produce」是集合名词(农产品)。 例句：The products are on display. / The produce is fresh. 考点五 重点用法：product of 说明：「product of」可表示「…的产物/结果」。 例句：The rumour was a product of jealousy. not only ... but also ... 短语 不仅…而且… 课本原句：Tie-dyeing is not only a form of art but also a lifestyle. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「not only ... but also ...」是连词短语，连接两个并列成分。 例句：She is not only kind but also smart. 考点二 同义转换：not only ... but also ... 说明：not only ... but also ... = both ... and ... / ... as well as ...(不仅…而且…)。 例句：He is not only a teacher but also a writer. (= both ... and ...) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：not only A but also B(不仅A而且B)；位于句首时主谓倒装。 例句：Not only did she sing, but also she danced. 考点四 词义辨析：not only ... but also vs either ... or 说明：「not only ... but also」表「两者都」；「either ... or」表「或者…或者…」。 例句：He is both smart and kind. / He is either smart or kind. 考点五 重点用法：倒装句 说明：「not only」置于句首时，后面主句用部分倒装。 例句：Not only is he tall, but also he is handsome. workshop /ˈwɜːkʃɒp/ n. 作坊 课本原句：Amy is talking about her experience in a tie-dyeing workshop at school. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「workshop」是可数名词。复数workshops。 例句：She attended a writing workshop. 考点二 同义转换：workshop 说明：workshop = studio / factory / class(作坊，工作坊)。 例句：He runs a pottery workshop. (= studio) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：music workshop(音乐工作坊)；writing workshop(写作班)；workshop on(关于…的研讨班)。 例句：The school held a tie-dyeing workshop. 考点四 词义辨析：workshop vs factory 说明：「workshop」多指小规模的手工/研讨工作坊；「factory」指大型工厂。 例句：Small crafts workshop. / Large car factory. 考点五 重点用法：workshop 作定语 说明：「workshop」可作定语：workshop environment(工作坊环境)。 例句：It's a workshop-style meeting. dry /draɪ/ vi. & vt. （使）变干；（把…）弄干 课本原句：Once it is dry, untie the T-shirt and see the amazing patterns. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「dry」可作动词(使干)和形容词(干的)。过去式/分词dried。 例句：She dried her hair with a towel. 考点二 同义转换：dry 说明：dry (adj.) = arid / moistureless(干的)；dry (v.) = wipe / dehydrate(使干燥)。 例句：The clothes are dry. / Dry your hands. (= wipe) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：dry out(干透)；dry up(干涸)；dry-clean(干洗)；blow-dry(吹干)。 例句：The river dried up in summer. 考点四 词义辨析：dry vs dull 说明：「dry」指干燥的；「dull」指枯燥的/沉闷的。 例句：The climate is dry. / The lecture was dull. 考点五 重点用法：dry 的引申义 说明：「dry」可表示「枯燥的/干巴巴的」。 例句：The book is dry and boring. pattern /ˈpætn/ n. 图案；模式 课本原句：See the amazing patterns. 课本原句：I chose a clean glove with bright colours and a fun pattern. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「pattern」是可数名词。动词pattern(模仿/构成图案)。 例句：The fabric is patterned with flowers. 考点二 同义转换：pattern 说明：pattern = design / motif / model(图案；模式)。 例句：I like the floral pattern. (= design) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：pattern of(…的模式)；a pattern of behaviour(行为模式)；follow a pattern(遵循模式)。 例句：The pattern of the fabric is beautiful. 考点四 词义辨析：pattern vs design 说明：「pattern」多指重复的图案；「design」指整体设计/构思。 例句：Geometric patterns. / Modern design. 考点五 重点用法：作动词 说明：「pattern」作动词意为「模仿/构成图案」。 例句：The wallpaper is patterned with leaves. roll /rəʊl/ n. 卷；管 课本原句：All you need is a piece of cloth, rolls of thread and a bowl of dye. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「roll」可作名词(卷)和动词(滚动)。过去式/分词rolled。 例句：The ball rolled down the hill. 考点二 同义转换：roll 说明：roll (n.) = scroll / cylinder(卷，卷状物)；roll (v.) = spin / rotate(滚动)。 例句：A roll of paper. (= a scroll) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a roll of(一卷)；roll up(卷起)；roll over(翻滚)；drum roll(鼓声)。 例句：She rolled up her sleeves and started working. 考点四 词义辨析：roll vs scroll 说明：「roll」指圆形卷；「scroll」指纸卷/羊皮纸卷。 例句：Roll of toilet paper. / Scroll of parchment. 考点五 重点用法：roll 的引申义 说明：「roll」可作动词表示「摇晃/摇摆」。 例句：The ship rolled in the storm. reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ vt. & vi. 减少 课本原句：It can reduce waste. 课本原句：We should reduce the use of plastic. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「reduce」是规则动词。名词形式reduction(减少)。 例句：She reduced the amount of sugar. 考点二 同义转换：reduce 说明：reduce = decrease / lessen / cut down(减少，减小)。 例句：Reduce the heat. (= lessen) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：reduce to(使沦为)；reduce by(减少)；reduce speed(减速)。 例句：He was reduced to begging. 考点四 词义辨析：reduce vs decrease 说明：「reduce」多用于数量/规模/程度的减少；「decrease」更正式。 例句：Reduce the price. / The number decreased. 考点五 重点用法：reduce to doing 说明：「reduce to doing sth」意为「被迫做某事」。 例句：She was reduced to selling flowers. waste /weɪst/ n. 浪费；废料 课本原句：It can reduce waste. 课本原句：Don't waste water. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「waste」可作名词(浪费/废料)、动词(浪费)和形容词(废弃的)。 例句：Don't waste time. 考点二 同义转换：waste 说明：waste (n.) = rubbish / garbage / refuse(废料，浪费)；waste (v.) = squander(浪费)。 例句：Recycle waste. (= rubbish) / Don't waste money. (= squander) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：waste time/money(浪费时间/金钱)；waste land(荒地)；a waste of(浪费)。 例句：It's a waste of time. 考点四 词义辨析：waste vs desert 说明：「waste」指荒凉的/废的；「desert」指沙漠。 例句：Waste land. / Sahara Desert. 考点五 重点用法：形容词用法 说明：「waste」可作形容词：waste paper(废纸)；waste water(废水)。 例句：Put the waste paper in the bin. joy /dʒɔɪ/ n. 高兴；乐趣 课本原句：Doing DIY brings me great joy. 课本原句：The joy of learning is lifelong. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「joy」是不可数名词(高兴)，可数名词(乐事)。形容词joyful(高兴的)。 例句：She was filled with joy. 考点二 同义转换：joy 说明：joy = happiness / delight / pleasure(高兴，乐趣)。 例句：I felt great joy. (= happiness) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：jump for joy(欢跃)；to one's joy(使某人高兴的是)；with joy(高兴地)。 例句：She jumped for joy at the news. 考点四 词义辨析：joy vs enjoyment 说明：「joy」强调内心的喜悦；「enjoyment」强调享受的过程。 例句：I felt joy. / I got enjoyment from reading. 考点五 重点用法：joys of 说明：「the joys of」表示「…的乐趣」。 例句：The joys of family life. glove /ɡlʌv/ n. 手套 课本原句：I chose a clean glove with bright colours and a fun pattern. 课本原句：We made the doll's legs from the two longest fingers of the glove. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「glove」是可数名词。复数gloves。 例句：Put on your gloves. 考点二 同义转换：glove 说明：glove = mitten / handwear(手套)。 例句：Wear gloves in winter. (= mittens) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a pair of gloves(一双手套)；rubber gloves(橡胶手套)；boxing gloves(拳击手套)。 例句：She bought a pair of gloves. 考点四 词义辨析：glove vs mitten 说明：「glove」五指分开；「mitten」拇指分开其余四指连在一起。 例句：Use gloves for fine work. Use mittens for warmth. 考点五 重点用法：fit like a glove 说明：「fit like a glove」意为「完全合适」。 例句：The shoes fit like a glove. finger /ˈfɪŋɡə(r)/ n. （手套的）指部；手指 课本原句：We made the doll's legs from the two longest fingers of the glove. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「finger」是可数名词。复数fingers。形容词fingered(有指的)。 例句：She has ten fingers. 考点二 同义转换：finger 说明：finger = digit(手指)。 例句：She pointed her finger at him. (= digit) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：little finger(小指)；middle finger(中指)；index finger(食指)；finger nail(指甲)。 例句：He raised his index finger. 考点四 词义辨析：finger vs thumb 说明：「finger」指除拇指外的四指；「thumb」指拇指。 例句：Use your fingers to type. Use your thumb to grip. 考点五 重点用法：lay a finger on 说明：「lay a finger on」意为「触碰/伤害」。 例句：Don't you dare lay a finger on me! button /ˈbʌtn/ n. 纽扣；按钮 课本原句：For the eyes, we glued two buttons. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「button」可作名词(纽扣/按钮)和动词(扣纽扣)。过去式/分词buttoned。 例句：He buttoned up his coat. 考点二 同义转换：button 说明：button (n.) = fastener / clasp(纽扣；按钮)。 例句：Press the button. (= fastener) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a button on(…上的按钮)；push the button(按按钮)；button up(扣紧)。 例句：Push the button to start. 考点四 词义辨析：button vs knob 说明：「button」小圆形按钮；「knob」圆形旋钮/把手。 例句：Door bell button. / Volume knob. 考点五 重点用法：cute as a button 说明：「cute as a button」意为「非常可爱」。 例句：The baby is cute as a button. onto /ˈɒntə; ˈɒntu/ prep. 到…上，向…上 课本原句：We added some colourful thread onto the head—that was the doll's hair. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「onto」是介词，由on+to构成。 例句：The cat jumped onto the table. 考点二 同义转换：onto 说明：onto = on to / upon(到…上)。 例句：He climbed onto the roof. (= on to) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：onto the floor(到地板上)；jump onto(跳到…上)；hold onto(抓住)。 例句：Hold onto the rail! 考点四 词义辨析：onto vs on to 说明：「onto」=on to(整体介词)；分开写「on to」中on是副词，to是介词。 例句：The cat jumped onto the table. / She went on to win the match. 考点五 重点用法：hold onto 说明：「hold onto」意为「紧紧抓住/不放弃」。 例句：Hold onto your dreams. - 1 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $