摘要:
该初中英语知识清单聚焦Unit 3 Smart Learning Section A Grammar focus 4a-4c,系统梳理必背词汇(含短语与单词)、必会考点(introduce用法、no matter what/whatever辨析、that及if/whether引导的宾语从句),并延伸词形变换、核心短语与句型,构建从基础积累到语法应用的学习支架。
知识链路按“词汇—语法—应用”逻辑展开,语法点配备中考核心搭配、例句解析及即学即练,通过对比辨析与易错点总结助学生建立宾语从句认知体系。注重语言能力培养(提升理解与表达),强化学习能力(提供积累策略),体现“学练结合”的学科特色学习方法。
内容正文:
Unit 3 Smart Learning
Unit 3 Section A Grammar focus 4a-4c 核心知识梳理
一、必背词汇
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1. 推迟;拖延(短语):put off
2. 正确的;恰当的(形容词):correct
3. 建议;提议(动词):suggest
4. 方法(名词):method
5. 总结;概括(动词):summarize (=summarise)
6. 对…… 严格要求:be strict about
7. 学习人工智能相关课程:study courses on AI
8. 养家糊口:support one’s family
9. 做某事的一种方法:a way to do
10. 自学:teach oneself
11. 把…… 介绍给……:introduce.....to....
12. 无论什么:no matter what
1. 推迟;拖延(短语):___________
2. 正确的;恰当的(形容词):___________
3. 建议;提议(动词):___________
4. 方法(名词):___________
5. 总结;概括(动词):___________
6. 对…… 严格要求(短语):___________
7. 学习人工智能相关课程(短语):___________
8. 养家糊口(短语):___________
9. 做某事的一种方法(短语):___________
10. 自学(短语):___________
11. 把…… 介绍给……(短语):___________
12. 无论什么(短语):__________
二、必会考点
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1. Luogeng later introduced a reading and learning method to young learners.华罗庚后来向年轻的学习者介绍了一种阅读学习方法。
introduce v. 介绍;引见;引进;推行 过去式:introduced 过去分词:introduced
固定搭配(中考核心)⭐
1. introduce sb. to sb.把某人介绍给某人
2. introduce sth. to sb.向某人介绍某物;把某物引进给某人
3. introduce oneself自我介绍
4. introduce sth. into… 把某物引入 / 传入……
中考例句
1. He introduced his friend to me. 他把他的朋友介绍给我。
2. The teacher introduced a new way to us. 老师向我们介绍了一种新方法。
3. Please introduce yourself to the class. 请向全班做个自我介绍。
4. New technology was introduced into China. 新技术被引进到中国。
【即学即练】
1. Please ________ (introduce) your new deskmate to us.
2. He ________ (introduce) a new method to us last week.
3. She wants ________ (introduce) herself.
4. (改错) He introduced me his brother. ________________________
【参考答案】1. introduce 2. introduced 3. to introduce 4. 改为:He introduced me to his brother.
2. Hua Luogeng stayed positive no matter what difficulties he met in his life and studies.无论在生活和学习中遇到什么样的困难,华罗庚都保持积极乐观。
no matter what无论什么;不管什么
单词 / 短语
词性
中文释义
no matter what
连词短语
无论什么;不管什么
whatever
连接代词
无论什么(=no matter what)
固定搭配(中考核心)⭐
1. no matter what + 从句 无论什么……(只能引导让步状语从句,不能引导名词性从句)
2. whatever + 从句
① 引导让步状语从句 = no matter what(无论什么)
② 引导名词性从句,不能换成 no matter what
中考例句
1. No matter what difficulties you have, never give up.无论你遇到什么困难,都不要放弃。
2. No matter what he says, I won’t believe him.不管他说什么,我都不会相信他。
3. Whatever (=No matter what) happens, keep calm.无论发生什么,保持冷静。
💡中考重点区分:
✅让步状语从句:No matter what/Whatever you do, you should try your best.
【即学即练】
1. ________ (No matter what / Whatever) you choose, I will support you.(两个都可)
2. I believe ________ you tell me.(只能填 whatever,不能用 no matter what)
3. No matter what you ________ (meet), don’t lose heart.
【参考答案】1. No matter what / Whatever 2. whatever 3. meet
that引导的宾语从句
that 是宾语从句的一个引导词,放在主句和从句之间。它引导的宾语从句由陈述句转化而来,故从句的语序不变。在that 引导的宾语从句中,that 作连接代词,无意义,在句中不作任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中通常可以省略。
一、that 引导的宾语从句的用法
1. 位置:that 引导的宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)、介词或形容词之后。
①作及物动词,如:say,think,tell,know,hear,see,hope,wish,remember,forget等的宾语。如:
She says that she will help me learn English this evening.她说今天晚上她会帮我学英语。
②作介词的宾语:连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语,只用在except,but,in之后。如:
He is a good boy except that he is careless. 他是一个好男孩,只是有点儿粗心。
③作"be + 形容词"结构的宾语。某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句,如:sure,glad,certain,pleased,sorry,happy,afraid等,连词that可省略。如:
I’m happy (that) I passed the exam. 我很高兴我通过了考试。
2. 时态:主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可根据具体情况选用适当的时态;主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,从句中也必须用过去的某种时态。试比较:
He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。
He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。
【特别提醒】
当主句是一般过去时,而宾语从句的内容表示的是客观真理、事实、科学原理、自然现象、名言警句、格言、谚语等时,此时宾语从句用一般现在时,这些情况下不受主句时态的限制。如:
The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 老师告诉我们地球围绕着太阳转。
3. 引导词that可以省略的几种情况:
引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略:
She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。
I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去的。
I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。
He thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他们会给他签证。
He thought (that) they would give him a visa. 他本想他们会给他签证。
I expect (that) the plane will be diverted. 我料想飞机会改变航线。
【注意】有时为了强调,that引导的宾语从句可位于句首,此时that不可省略:
That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘,我是知道的。
4. 引导词that不能省略的几种情况:
that在引导宾语从句时,并不是在任何情况下都可以省略,在以下几种情况下,that不能省略。
①从句的主语是that时,that不能省略;
We know that is an interesting film. 我们知道那是一部有趣的电影。
②and连接的两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时,有时省去第一个从句的连词that,但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如:
He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice. 他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。
③that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。如:
I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人。
5. 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。如:
We thought it strange that Xiao Zhang did not come yesterday. 小张昨天没来,我们觉得很奇怪。
6. 宾语从句的否定转移。
在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句,当主句的主语是第一人称时,谓语尽管是否定的意思,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式,英语称这种现象为否定转移。如:
①我认为今晚他不能来。
【误】I think he can’t come this evening.
【正】I don’t think he can come this evening.
②他认为我们现在不在教室里。
【误】He doesn’t think we are in the classroom now.
【正】He thinks we are not in the classroom now.
【特别警示】
含有"否定转移"现象的句子,主句的主语必须是第一人称,此时,变成反意疑问句,附加问句要由从句来决定;如果主句的主语是其他人称,附加问句要由主句来决定。如:
I don’t think he is right, is he? 我认为他不对,是吗?
He thinks I can come, doesn’t he? 他认为我能来,是不是?
7. 如果宾语从句中含有否定意义的副词或形容词。如:hardly,never,seldom,no,few,little等,其反意疑问句要用肯定形式。如:
We find that he seldom goes to visit his mother, does he? 我们发现他不常看望他的妈妈,是吗?
8. that引导的宾语从句变成被动语态时,只变主句,不变从句。实际上,我们经常把It is said that ...(据说……);It is known that ...(众所周知……);It is reported that ...(据报告……)等当作固定句式来运用。如:
It is said that he is from Canada. 据说他来自加拿大。
【即学即练】
一、用适当引导词填空(that 可填 / 表示省略)
1. I believe ________ reading every day is helpful for our study.
2. Studies show ________ a good learner should have good learning habits.
3. He finds ________ he can make great progress by practising more.
二、句型转换(改为含 that 宾语从句的复合句)
4. He is good at taking notes. (I think.)
_______________________________________________________
5. Good motivation is very important. (She believes.)
________________________________________________________
三、单项选择
6. I think ___ it’s necessary for us to review lessons in time.
A. what B. that C. if D. whether
7. Peter finds ___ he can learn better by reflecting on learning.
A. / B. what C. when D. where
【参考答案】1. that(可省略,填 / 也可) 2. that(可省略,填 / 也可) 3. that(可省略,填 / 也可)
4. I think (that) he is good at taking notes.
5. She believes (that) good motivation is very important.
6. B 7. A
if/whether引导的宾语从句
当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时,常用if或whether引导宾语从句,if/whether意为"是否"。说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在see,ask,say,learn,tell,wonder,doubt,find out,be uncertain /doubtful / be not known 等后,二者通常可以互换。口语中多用if代替whether。在非正式的写作中,可以使用if 或 whether 两个词来表达不定性,两者都算标准。
I wonder if/whether he is a driver. 我想知道他是不是个司机。
Alice wants to know if/whether she has passed the exam. 爱丽丝想知道她是否考试及格了。
Lily asked if/whether she liked it. 莉莉问她是否喜欢它。
I want to know if (whether) he lives there. 我想知道他是否住在这儿。
He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 他问我是否可以帮助他。
【拓展】
一般情况下,if和whether可互换,在口语中多用if, 而在以下几种情况下,只能用whether。
1. 与 or 连用分别引导两个从句时,或强调两方面的选择, 特别是句中有or not时用whether,不用if。
I don’t know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是否会来。
I don’t know whether he is wrong or she is wrong.
Let me know whether you can come or not.
I don’t know whether he will win or not.
I will write to you whether or not I can come / whether I can come or not.
2. 在动词不定式之前只能用whether。
He doesn’t know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否会去。
Please tell us whether to go there or stay here. 请告诉我们是去那里还是待在这里。
Whether to go or stay is still a question.
I’m not sure whether to stay or leave.
I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.
3. 在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句,而If则不能。
It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取决于我是否有足够的时间。
Success depends on whether we make enough effort.
I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home.
It depends on whether the letter arrives in time.
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
4. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时,用whether,不用if。
Whether this is true, I can’t say. Whether he is single, I don’t know.
Whether this is true, I can’t say.
Whether he is single, I don’t know.
5. 在某些动词(如discuss,decide)之后,只能用whether,而不用if引导宾语从句。
We discussed whether we should close the shop. (虚拟语气)
We discussed whether we should go there by plane.(虚拟语气)
We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. (虚拟语气)
6. 在引导否定概念宾语从句时,只能用if,而不用whether。
He asked me if I hadn’t finished my work.
注意:doubt否定句用that引导。因为don’t doubt 意为相信,不怀疑,if是否表示疑虑。
【即学即练】
一、选词填空(if /whether)
1. I want to know ________ you will take notes in class.
2. She asks ________ or not he has deep motivation.
二、单项选择
3. I wonder ___ he can focus well while reading.
A. that B. if C. what D. where
4. Could you tell me ___ you read magazines in your free time?
A. whether B. what C. who D. whose
三、句型转换(合并为含 if/whether 宾语从句的复合句)
5. Does he give up learning? I want to know.
_______________________________________________________
6. Will she review lessons tonight? He asks.
_______________________________________________________
【参考答案】1. if / whether
2. whether(后面有 or not,只能用 whether)
3. B 4. A
5. I want to know if/whether he gives up learning.
6. He asks if/whether she will review lessons tonight.
一、必背单词(语法填空高频・词形变换)
单词
词性
中文释义
词形变换(中考必考)
learn
v.
学习;学会
learner n. 学习者
make
v.
做;使得;成为
过去式 made;过去分词 made;maker n. 制造者;makeup n. 组成;化妆品
introduce
v.
介绍;引进
过去式 introduced;introduction n. 介绍,引言
succeed
v.
成功
success n. 成功;successful adj. 成功的;successfully adv. 成功地
choose
v.
选择;挑选
过去式 chose;过去分词 chosen;choice n. 选择
practise
v.
练习
practice n. 练习
wise
adj.
明智的
wisely adv. 明智地
active
adj.
积极的;主动的
actively adv. 积极地;activity n. 活动
grow
v.
成长;生长
growth n. 成长;growth mindset 成长型思维
connect
v.
联系;连接
connection n. 联系,关联
二、必背短语(听力、单选、写作)
1. a good learner 一名优秀的学习者
2. introduce…to… 把…… 介绍给……
3. no matter what 无论什么
4. stay positive 保持积极乐观
5. growth mindset 成长型思维
6. the key to … …… 的关键(to 是介词,后接名词 /doing)
7. hang out with sb. 和某人闲逛;与某人相处
8. be serious about study 对待学习认真
9. learning materials 学习资料
10. connect…with… 把…… 和…… 联系起来
11. make progress 取得进步(progress 不可数)
12. make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事;be made to do sth. 被迫做某事
13. have no choice but to do sth. 别无选择只能做某事
14. in addition 此外;另外
三、核心句型(1b 听力原文,中考写作万能句型)
> 本单元写作高频:谈论学习方法、如何成为优秀学习者,宾语从句大量使用
1. I think (that) the best way is to do maths problems.
我认为最好的方法就是做数学题。(that 引导宾语从句,that 可省略)
2. I wonder if/whether you could help me with my history study.
我想知道你是否可以帮我学习历史。(if/whether 表 “是否”,宾语从句陈述语序)
3. I think they can help me better understand historical events.
我认为它们可以帮助我更好地理解历史事件。
4. Peter finds (that) he can connect physics with something in real life.
彼得发现他可以把物理和现实生活中的事物联系起来。
5. Studies show that the first key to becoming a successful learner is to have a growth mindset.
研究表明,成为一名成功学习者的首要关键是拥有成长型思维。
6. The more we practise, the better we learn.
我们练习得越多,学得就越好。(the + 比较级,the + 比较级)
7. Since there are so many learning materials on the internet, it is important to think carefully and choose wisely what and how you study.
由于网络上有很多学习资料,认真思考、明智选择学习的内容和方式很重要。
8. I believe (that) reading is important for learning.我相信阅读对于学习很重要。
9. I want to know if/whether you read English books outside class.我想知道你课下是否阅读英语书籍。
✍️写作万能仿写句(考场直接套用)
1. I believe that it is important to have good learning habits.我相信拥有良好的学习习惯很重要。
2. I wonder if we can learn something useful from him.我想知道我们是否可以从他身上学到有用的东西。
3. The harder you work, the more progress you will make.你越努力,取得的进步就越大。
📌语法聚焦 4a‑4c 宾语从句易错点
1. that 引导陈述句宾语从句,无词义,可以省略。
2. if /whether 表 “是否”,不能省略;介词后、or not 前只用 whether。
3. 从句必须用陈述语序:引导词 + 主语 + 谓语。
4. 主句一般现在时,从句时态随实际;主句一般过去时,从句多用过去对应时态;客观真理永一现。
5. I/we + think/believe,否定前移:I don’t think…
$Unit 3 Smart Learning
Unit 3 Section A Grammar focus 4a-4c 核心知识梳理
一、必背词汇
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1. 推迟;拖延(短语):put off
2. 正确的;恰当的(形容词):correct
3. 建议;提议(动词):suggest
4. 方法(名词):method
5. 总结;概括(动词):summarize (=summarise)
6. 对…… 严格要求:be strict about
7. 学习人工智能相关课程:study courses on AI
8. 养家糊口:support one’s family
9. 做某事的一种方法:a way to do
10. 自学:teach oneself
11. 把…… 介绍给……:introduce.....to....
12. 无论什么:no matter what
1. 推迟;拖延(短语):___________
2. 正确的;恰当的(形容词):___________
3. 建议;提议(动词):___________
4. 方法(名词):___________
5. 总结;概括(动词):___________
6. 对…… 严格要求(短语):___________
7. 学习人工智能相关课程(短语):___________
8. 养家糊口(短语):___________
9. 做某事的一种方法(短语):___________
10. 自学(短语):___________
11. 把…… 介绍给……(短语):___________
12. 无论什么(短语):__________
二、必会考点
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1. Luogeng later introduced a reading and learning method to young learners.华罗庚后来向年轻的学习者介绍了一种阅读学习方法。
introduce v. 介绍;引见;引进;推行 过去式:introduced 过去分词:introduced
固定搭配(中考核心)⭐
1. introduce sb. to sb.把某人介绍给某人
2. introduce sth. to sb.向某人介绍某物;把某物引进给某人
3. introduce oneself自我介绍
4. introduce sth. into… 把某物引入 / 传入……
中考例句
1. He introduced his friend to me. 他把他的朋友介绍给我。
2. The teacher introduced a new way to us. 老师向我们介绍了一种新方法。
3. Please introduce yourself to the class. 请向全班做个自我介绍。
4. New technology was introduced into China. 新技术被引进到中国。
【即学即练】
1. Please ________ (introduce) your new deskmate to us.
2. He ________ (introduce) a new method to us last week.
3. She wants ________ (introduce) herself.
4. (改错) He introduced me his brother. ________________________
2. Hua Luogeng stayed positive no matter what difficulties he met in his life and studies.无论在生活和学习中遇到什么样的困难,华罗庚都保持积极乐观。
no matter what无论什么;不管什么
单词 / 短语
词性
中文释义
no matter what
连词短语
无论什么;不管什么
whatever
连接代词
无论什么(=no matter what)
固定搭配(中考核心)⭐
1. no matter what + 从句 无论什么……(只能引导让步状语从句,不能引导名词性从句)
2. whatever + 从句
① 引导让步状语从句 = no matter what(无论什么)
② 引导名词性从句,不能换成 no matter what
中考例句
1. No matter what difficulties you have, never give up.无论你遇到什么困难,都不要放弃。
2. No matter what he says, I won’t believe him.不管他说什么,我都不会相信他。
3. Whatever (=No matter what) happens, keep calm.无论发生什么,保持冷静。
💡中考重点区分:
✅让步状语从句:No matter what/Whatever you do, you should try your best.
【即学即练】
1. ________ (No matter what / Whatever) you choose, I will support you.(两个都可)
2. I believe ________ you tell me.(只能填 whatever,不能用 no matter what)
3. No matter what you ________ (meet), don’t lose heart.
that引导的宾语从句
that 是宾语从句的一个引导词,放在主句和从句之间。它引导的宾语从句由陈述句转化而来,故从句的语序不变。在that 引导的宾语从句中,that 作连接代词,无意义,在句中不作任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中通常可以省略。
一、that 引导的宾语从句的用法
1. 位置:that 引导的宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)、介词或形容词之后。
①作及物动词,如:say,think,tell,know,hear,see,hope,wish,remember,forget等的宾语。如:
She says that she will help me learn English this evening.她说今天晚上她会帮我学英语。
②作介词的宾语:连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语,只用在except,but,in之后。如:
He is a good boy except that he is careless. 他是一个好男孩,只是有点儿粗心。
③作"be + 形容词"结构的宾语。某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句,如:sure,glad,certain,pleased,sorry,happy,afraid等,连词that可省略。如:
I’m happy (that) I passed the exam. 我很高兴我通过了考试。
2. 时态:主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可根据具体情况选用适当的时态;主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,从句中也必须用过去的某种时态。试比较:
He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。
He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。
【特别提醒】
当主句是一般过去时,而宾语从句的内容表示的是客观真理、事实、科学原理、自然现象、名言警句、格言、谚语等时,此时宾语从句用一般现在时,这些情况下不受主句时态的限制。如:
The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 老师告诉我们地球围绕着太阳转。
3. 引导词that可以省略的几种情况:
引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略:
She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。
I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去的。
I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。
He thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他们会给他签证。
He thought (that) they would give him a visa. 他本想他们会给他签证。
I expect (that) the plane will be diverted. 我料想飞机会改变航线。
【注意】有时为了强调,that引导的宾语从句可位于句首,此时that不可省略:
That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘,我是知道的。
4. 引导词that不能省略的几种情况:
that在引导宾语从句时,并不是在任何情况下都可以省略,在以下几种情况下,that不能省略。
①从句的主语是that时,that不能省略;
We know that is an interesting film. 我们知道那是一部有趣的电影。
②and连接的两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时,有时省去第一个从句的连词that,但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如:
He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice. 他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。
③that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。如:
I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人。
5. 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。如:
We thought it strange that Xiao Zhang did not come yesterday. 小张昨天没来,我们觉得很奇怪。
6. 宾语从句的否定转移。
在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句,当主句的主语是第一人称时,谓语尽管是否定的意思,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式,英语称这种现象为否定转移。如:
①我认为今晚他不能来。
【误】I think he can’t come this evening.
【正】I don’t think he can come this evening.
②他认为我们现在不在教室里。
【误】He doesn’t think we are in the classroom now.
【正】He thinks we are not in the classroom now.
【特别警示】
含有"否定转移"现象的句子,主句的主语必须是第一人称,此时,变成反意疑问句,附加问句要由从句来决定;如果主句的主语是其他人称,附加问句要由主句来决定。如:
I don’t think he is right, is he? 我认为他不对,是吗?
He thinks I can come, doesn’t he? 他认为我能来,是不是?
7. 如果宾语从句中含有否定意义的副词或形容词。如:hardly,never,seldom,no,few,little等,其反意疑问句要用肯定形式。如:
We find that he seldom goes to visit his mother, does he? 我们发现他不常看望他的妈妈,是吗?
8. that引导的宾语从句变成被动语态时,只变主句,不变从句。实际上,我们经常把It is said that ...(据说……);It is known that ...(众所周知……);It is reported that ...(据报告……)等当作固定句式来运用。如:
It is said that he is from Canada. 据说他来自加拿大。
【即学即练】
一、用适当引导词填空(that 可填 / 表示省略)
1. I believe ________ reading every day is helpful for our study.
2. Studies show ________ a good learner should have good learning habits.
3. He finds ________ he can make great progress by practising more.
二、句型转换(改为含 that 宾语从句的复合句)
4. He is good at taking notes. (I think.)
_______________________________________________________
5. Good motivation is very important. (She believes.)
________________________________________________________
三、单项选择
6. I think ___ it’s necessary for us to review lessons in time.
A. what B. that C. if D. whether
7. Peter finds ___ he can learn better by reflecting on learning.
A. / B. what C. when D. where
if/whether引导的宾语从句
当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时,常用if或whether引导宾语从句,if/whether意为"是否"。说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在see,ask,say,learn,tell,wonder,doubt,find out,be uncertain /doubtful / be not known 等后,二者通常可以互换。口语中多用if代替whether。在非正式的写作中,可以使用if 或 whether 两个词来表达不定性,两者都算标准。
I wonder if/whether he is a driver. 我想知道他是不是个司机。
Alice wants to know if/whether she has passed the exam. 爱丽丝想知道她是否考试及格了。
Lily asked if/whether she liked it. 莉莉问她是否喜欢它。
I want to know if (whether) he lives there. 我想知道他是否住在这儿。
He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 他问我是否可以帮助他。
【拓展】
一般情况下,if和whether可互换,在口语中多用if, 而在以下几种情况下,只能用whether。
1. 与 or 连用分别引导两个从句时,或强调两方面的选择, 特别是句中有or not时用whether,不用if。
I don’t know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是否会来。
I don’t know whether he is wrong or she is wrong.
Let me know whether you can come or not.
I don’t know whether he will win or not.
I will write to you whether or not I can come / whether I can come or not.
2. 在动词不定式之前只能用whether。
He doesn’t know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否会去。
Please tell us whether to go there or stay here. 请告诉我们是去那里还是待在这里。
Whether to go or stay is still a question.
I’m not sure whether to stay or leave.
I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.
3. 在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句,而If则不能。
It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取决于我是否有足够的时间。
Success depends on whether we make enough effort.
I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home.
It depends on whether the letter arrives in time.
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
4. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时,用whether,不用if。
Whether this is true, I can’t say. Whether he is single, I don’t know.
Whether this is true, I can’t say.
Whether he is single, I don’t know.
5. 在某些动词(如discuss,decide)之后,只能用whether,而不用if引导宾语从句。
We discussed whether we should close the shop. (虚拟语气)
We discussed whether we should go there by plane.(虚拟语气)
We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. (虚拟语气)
6. 在引导否定概念宾语从句时,只能用if,而不用whether。
He asked me if I hadn’t finished my work.
注意:doubt否定句用that引导。因为don’t doubt 意为相信,不怀疑,if是否表示疑虑。
【即学即练】
一、选词填空(if /whether)
1. I want to know ________ you will take notes in class.
2. She asks ________ or not he has deep motivation.
二、单项选择
3. I wonder ___ he can focus well while reading.
A. that B. if C. what D. where
4. Could you tell me ___ you read magazines in your free time?
A. whether B. what C. who D. whose
三、句型转换(合并为含 if/whether 宾语从句的复合句)
5. Does he give up learning? I want to know.
_______________________________________________________
6. Will she review lessons tonight? He asks.
_______________________________________________________
一、必背单词(语法填空高频・词形变换)
单词
词性
中文释义
词形变换(中考必考)
learn
v.
学习;学会
learner n. 学习者
make
v.
做;使得;成为
过去式 made;过去分词 made;maker n. 制造者;makeup n. 组成;化妆品
introduce
v.
介绍;引进
过去式 introduced;introduction n. 介绍,引言
succeed
v.
成功
success n. 成功;successful adj. 成功的;successfully adv. 成功地
choose
v.
选择;挑选
过去式 chose;过去分词 chosen;choice n. 选择
practise
v.
练习
practice n. 练习
wise
adj.
明智的
wisely adv. 明智地
active
adj.
积极的;主动的
actively adv. 积极地;activity n. 活动
grow
v.
成长;生长
growth n. 成长;growth mindset 成长型思维
connect
v.
联系;连接
connection n. 联系,关联
二、必背短语(听力、单选、写作)
1. a good learner 一名优秀的学习者
2. introduce…to… 把…… 介绍给……
3. no matter what 无论什么
4. stay positive 保持积极乐观
5. growth mindset 成长型思维
6. the key to … …… 的关键(to 是介词,后接名词 /doing)
7. hang out with sb. 和某人闲逛;与某人相处
8. be serious about study 对待学习认真
9. learning materials 学习资料
10. connect…with… 把…… 和…… 联系起来
11. make progress 取得进步(progress 不可数)
12. make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事;be made to do sth. 被迫做某事
13. have no choice but to do sth. 别无选择只能做某事
14. in addition 此外;另外
三、核心句型(1b 听力原文,中考写作万能句型)
> 本单元写作高频:谈论学习方法、如何成为优秀学习者,宾语从句大量使用
1. I think (that) the best way is to do maths problems.
我认为最好的方法就是做数学题。(that 引导宾语从句,that 可省略)
2. I wonder if/whether you could help me with my history study.
我想知道你是否可以帮我学习历史。(if/whether 表 “是否”,宾语从句陈述语序)
3. I think they can help me better understand historical events.
我认为它们可以帮助我更好地理解历史事件。
4. Peter finds (that) he can connect physics with something in real life.
彼得发现他可以把物理和现实生活中的事物联系起来。
5. Studies show that the first key to becoming a successful learner is to have a growth mindset.
研究表明,成为一名成功学习者的首要关键是拥有成长型思维。
6. The more we practise, the better we learn.
我们练习得越多,学得就越好。(the + 比较级,the + 比较级)
7. Since there are so many learning materials on the internet, it is important to think carefully and choose wisely what and how you study.
由于网络上有很多学习资料,认真思考、明智选择学习的内容和方式很重要。
8. I believe (that) reading is important for learning.我相信阅读对于学习很重要。
9. I want to know if/whether you read English books outside class.我想知道你课下是否阅读英语书籍。
✍️写作万能仿写句(考场直接套用)
1. I believe that it is important to have good learning habits.我相信拥有良好的学习习惯很重要。
2. I wonder if we can learn something useful from him.我想知道我们是否可以从他身上学到有用的东西。
3. The harder you work, the more progress you will make.你越努力,取得的进步就越大。
📌语法聚焦 4a‑4c 宾语从句易错点
1. that 引导陈述句宾语从句,无词义,可以省略。
2. if /whether 表 “是否”,不能省略;介词后、or not 前只用 whether。
3. 从句必须用陈述语序:引导词 + 主语 + 谓语。
4. 主句一般现在时,从句时态随实际;主句一般过去时,从句多用过去对应时态;客观真理永一现。
5. I/we + think/believe,否定前移:I don’t think…
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