Unit 4 My favourite subject.语法精讲精练 2026-2027学年人教版英语七年级上册

该初中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了人教版七上Unit 4“连词（and/but/so/or/because）”语法内容，涵盖并列连词基础用法、特殊句型、易错陷阱及配对连词（both...and等）与主谓一致原则，搭建了从知识精讲到典型例题再到分层演练的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“对比总表”清晰呈现连词逻辑关系，“易错警示”重点标注because与so、but与although不同用等核心考点，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。配套单项选择、句型转换等分层练习题及详细解析，如“祈使句+and/or”句型对比实例，助力学生自主突破难点，教师可直接用于课堂教学或分层辅导，提升教学效率。

人教版七上 Unit 4 My favourite subject.语法精讲精练 —— 连词（and / but / so / or / because）—— 使用说明 连词是连接单词、短语或句子的虚词，是初中英语句法的基础项目，也是中考单项选择、完形填空和写作的高频考点。本讲义围绕并列连词 and、but、so、or 与原因连词 because 展开系统精讲，重点突破 and/or 在祈使句中的特殊句型、because 与 so 不能同用、but 与 although/though 不能同用两大「冗余陷阱」，并拓展 both...and、either...or、neither...nor、not only...but also 四组配对连词及主谓一致就近原则，配套对比总表、典型例题与分层演练。练习题涵盖单项选择、连词填空、句型转换、完成句子四大题型，答案与解析统一附于文末。 第一讲 知识精讲 一、连词的分类 连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词连接地位平等的词、短语或句子，如 and、but、so、or；从属连词引导从句，如 because、if、when、although 等。本讲重点讲解初中最核心的 and、but、so、or 四个并列连词和原因连词 because。 二、并列连词 and：和；又；并且 and 用于连接两个或两个以上并列的词、短语或句子，表示并列、递进或顺承关系。 （一）连接词或短语 I like apples and bananas. 我喜欢苹果和香蕉。 My father and mother are both teachers. 我爸爸和妈妈都是老师。 （二）连接两个句子 I like apples, and I also like bananas. 我喜欢苹果，也喜欢香蕉。 He finished his homework, and he went to bed. 他完成了作业，然后上床睡觉。 （三）「祈使句 + and + 一般将来时句子」：……就…… Work hard, and you will pass the exam. 努力学习，你就会通过考试。 Hurry up, and you will catch the early bus. 快点，你就能赶上早班车。 【易错警示】三个或以上并列成分时，and 一般放在最后一个之前，前面用逗号隔开，如 I have a pen, a ruler and an eraser. 三、并列连词 but：但是；然而 but 用于连接两个句子或短语，表示转折关系，前后意义形成对比。 The problem is easy for you, but it's difficult for me. 这个问题对你来说容易，但对我来说很难。 He is poor, but he is happy. 他很穷，但很快乐。 I like English, but I don't like math. 我喜欢英语，但不喜欢数学。 【易错警示】but 与 although/though（虽然）不能同时出现在一个句子中，只能用其一。如：Although he is young, he knows a lot. = He is young, but he knows a lot. 不能说 *Although he is young, but he knows a lot. 四、并列连词 so：所以；因此 so 用于连接有因果关系的两个句子，表示结果，意为「所以；因此」，so 引导的是结果句。 I was ill, so I didn't go to school yesterday. 我病了，所以昨天没去上学。 It was late, so we went home. 天晚了，所以我们回家了。 五、原因连词 because：因为 because 用于连接有因果关系的句子，表示原因，意为「因为」，because 引导的句子通常是前面主句的原因。 I don't want to go to school today because I am ill. 我今天不想去上学，因为我病了。 He stayed at home because it rained heavily. 因为雨下得大，他待在家里。 because 与 so 不能同用（核心考点） 在正式写作中，应避免在一个句子中同时使用 because（表原因）和 so（表结果），因为这会造成逻辑上的重复，二者只能用其一。 错误表达 正确表达 A（用 because） 正确表达 B（用 so） *Because I was ill, so I didn't go. I didn't go because I was ill. I was ill, so I didn't go. Because it was raining, we stayed at home. = It was raining, so we stayed at home. 因为下雨，我们待在家里。 【易错警示】对 why 提问的回答只能用 because，不能用 so。如：—Why were you late? —Because I missed the bus. 六、并列连词 or：或者；否则 or 有两个核心含义：一是表选择，意为「或者；还是」；二是表否定条件，意为「否则」（= if...not）。 （一）表选择：或者；还是 Would you like tea or coffee? 你想喝茶还是咖啡？ You can go by bus or by subway. 你可以坐公交或地铁去。 （二）表「否则」：祈使句 + or + 一般将来时句子 Hurry up, or you will miss the early bus. 快点，否则你会赶不上早班车。 Study hard, or you will fail the exam. 努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。 【易错警示】对比记忆：祈使句 + and（……就……，表顺承好结果）；祈使句 + or（……否则……，表反面结果）。如：Get up early, and you will have time. / Get up early, or you will be late. 七、四大核心并列连词总表 连词 含义 逻辑关系 例句 and 和；又；就 并列、顺承、递进 Tom and Jerry are good friends. but 但是 转折、对比 He is short, but he runs fast. so 所以；因此 因果（结果） It rained, so we stayed home. or 或者；否则 选择 / 否定条件 Which do you like, tea or coffee? because 因为 因果（原因） I stayed home because it rained. 八、配对连词拓展 配对连词 含义 主谓一致 例句 both...and... 两者都 谓语用复数 Both Tom and Jerry are Americans. either...or... 要么……要么……；或者……或者…… 就近原则 Either you or he is wrong. neither...nor... 既不……也不…… 就近原则 Neither he nor I am right. not only...but also... 不但……而且…… 就近原则 Not only you but also she is invited. 【易错警示】either...or / neither...nor / not only...but also 连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致（就近原则）；both...and 连接两个主语时谓语一律用复数。 九、典型例题精讲 【例1】Hurry up, ______ you will be late for school. A. and B. but C. or D. so 【答案】C 【解析】「祈使句 + or + 将来时句子」表示「……否则……」，句意为「快点，否则上学要迟到」，故选 C。 【例2】He is very young, ______ he knows a lot about science. A. and B. but C. so D. or 【答案】B 【解析】前后是转折关系「年轻但懂得多」，用 but；注意不能再用 although，故选 B。 【例3】______ he was tired, ______ he went on working. A. Although; but B. Because; so C. Although; / D. /; so 【答案】C 【解析】although 与 but 不能同用，只能用其一；本句「虽然他累了，但继续工作」用 Although 引导，故选 C。 【例4】I didn't go to the party ______ I had a lot of homework to do. A. because B. so C. but D. and 【答案】A 【解析】后句「有很多作业」是前句「没去聚会」的原因，用 because；because 与 so 不能同用，故选 A。 【例5】Neither my parents nor my sister ______ classical music. A. like B. likes C. are liking D. liking 【答案】B 【解析】neither...nor 连接两个主语遵循就近原则，谓语与最近的 my sister（第三人称单数）一致，用 likes，故选 B。 第二讲 综合演练 一、单项选择（每小题1分，共15分） 1. Work harder, ______ you will make greater progress. A. and B. but C. or D. so 2. I called him, ______ he didn't answer. A. and B. but C. or D. so 3. It was raining hard, ______ the football match was put off. A. because B. but C. so D. and 4. Which sport do you like better, swimming ______ running? A. and B. but C. or D. so 5. ______ Lucy ______ Lily knows French, so I have to ask someone else. A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also 6. Take a map with you, ______ you will get lost in the city. A. and B. but C. or D. so 7. He didn't buy the car ______ he didn't have enough money. A. so B. because C. but D. and 8. ______ my father ______ my mother likes watching TV; they prefer reading. A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also 9. Hurry up, ______ we can catch the early train. A. and B. but C. or D. so 10. I was very hungry, ______ I ate three hamburgers. A. but B. because C. so D. or 11. —Why didn't you come yesterday? —______ I was ill. A. Because B. So C. But D. And 12. Not only the students but also the teacher ______ interested in the film. A. are B. is C. were D. be 13. You can ______ stay at home ______ go out to play. A. both; and B. either; or C. neither; nor D. not; but 14. The dress is very beautiful, ______ it is too expensive for me. A. and B. but C. so D. or 15. Both Tom and his brother ______ good at basketball. A. is B. are C. was D. be 二、用 and / but / so / or / because 填空（每小题1分，共10分） 1. I like English ______ I am good at it. 2. He got up late, ______ he missed the first bus. 3. Hurry up, ______ you will miss the plane. 4. She is young, ______ she knows a lot. 5. I can't go out ______ I have to look after my little sister. 6. Which is bigger, the sun ______ the moon? 7. Work hard, ______ you will succeed. 8. It was very cold, ______ the children still played outside. 9. I didn't buy it ______ it was too expensive. 10. Be quick, ______ we will be the first to arrive. 三、句型转换（每小题2分，共10分） 1. Although he is young, he can look after himself.（用 but 改写） He is young, ______ ______ look after himself. 2. If you don't hurry up, you will miss the train.（用「祈使句+or」改写） ______ ______, ______ you will miss the train. 3. He was ill, so he didn't come.（用 because 改写） He didn't come ______ ______ ______ ill. 4. Study hard, and you will get good grades.（用 if 改写） ______ ______ ______ hard, you will get good grades. 5. Both of them are doctors.（用 both...and 改写） ______ he ______ she ______ doctors. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子（每小题2分，共10分） 1. 努力学习，否则你会落后。 Work hard, ______ you ______ ______ behind. 2. 因为下雨，所以我们待在家里。（一句译，不能同时用because和so） We stayed at home ______ it was raining. 3. 他不但会说英语，而且会说法语。 He can speak ______ ______ English ______ ______ French. 4. 快点，我们就能赶上末班车。 Hurry up, ______ we ______ catch the last bus. 5. 要么你要么他得去那儿。 ______ you ______ he ______ to go there. 第三讲 答案与解析 一、单项选择 1. 【答案】A 【解析】「祈使句+and+将来时」表顺承「……就……」，符合句意。 2. 【答案】B 【解析】打电话和没人接是转折关系，用 but。 3. 【答案】C 【解析】雨大是原因，比赛推迟是结果，用 so 表结果。 4. 【答案】C 【解析】选择疑问句中两个选项用 or 连接。 5. 【答案】C 【解析】由后句「得问别人」可知两人都不懂法语，用 neither...nor。 6. 【答案】C 【解析】「带地图否则会迷路」表反面结果，用 or。 7. 【答案】B 【解析】后句是前句的原因，用 because。 8. 【答案】C 【解析】由后句「他们更喜欢阅读」可知两人都不喜欢看电视，用 neither...nor。 9. 【答案】A 【解析】「快点就能赶上早班火车」表顺承好结果，用 and。 10. 【答案】C 【解析】饿是原因，吃了三个汉堡是结果，用 so。 11. 【答案】A 【解析】回答 why 提问只能用 because。 12. 【答案】B 【解析】not only...but also 就近原则，谓语与最近的 the teacher（单数）一致用 is。 13. 【答案】B 【解析】either...or 表「要么待在家要么出去玩」的二选一。 14. 【答案】B 【解析】漂亮但太贵，转折关系用 but。 15. 【答案】B 【解析】both...and 连接两个主语，谓语用复数 are。 二、用 and / but / so / or / because 填空 1. 【答案】and 【解析】喜欢英语和擅长英语是并列递进关系。 2. 【答案】so 【解析】起晚是原因，错过车是结果，用 so。 3. 【答案】or 【解析】「快点否则赶不上飞机」表否则。 4. 【答案】but 【解析】年轻但懂得多，转折关系。 5. 【答案】because 【解析】必须照顾妹妹是不能出去的原因。 6. 【答案】or 【解析】选择疑问句用 or。 7. 【答案】and 【解析】「努力就会成功」顺承关系。 8. 【答案】but 【解析】天冷但孩子们仍在外面玩，转折。 9. 【答案】because 【解析】太贵是没买的原因。 10. 【答案】and 【解析】「快点我们就能第一个到」顺承好结果。 三、句型转换 1. 【答案】but he can 【解析】although 与 but 不能同用，改为 but 连接，语序调整。 2. 【答案】Hurry up; or 【解析】if...not 可转换为「祈使句+or」结构。 3. 【答案】because he was 【解析】so 引导的结果句可转换为 because 引导的原因句，注意时态一致。 4. 【答案】If you study 【解析】「祈使句+and」可转换为 if 条件句，主将从现。 5. 【答案】Both; and; are 【解析】both...and 连接两个主语，谓语用复数 are。 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 【答案】or; will fall 【解析】「祈使句+or」表否则，主句用一般将来时。 2. 【答案】because 【解析】英语一句话中 because 和 so 只能用其一，此处用 because 表原因。 3. 【答案】not only; but also 【解析】not only...but also 表示「不但……而且……」。 4. 【答案】and; can 【解析】「祈使句+and」表顺承「就能」。 5. 【答案】Either; or; has 【解析】either...or 就近原则，谓语与 he 一致用 has。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $