内容正文:
人教版八上 Unit 7 When tomorrow comes.语法精讲精练
—— 一般将来时(will / shall 结构专题)——
使用说明
本讲义是一般将来时的 will/shall 结构专题,与「be going to 结构」专题配套使用。讲义围绕「概念—四大基本句式—缩写形式—will 的多层含义—shall 的用法—will 与 be going to 辨析—主将从现」七大板块展开系统精讲,重点突破 will/shall 的肯定、否定、一般疑问、特殊疑问四类句式变换,以及 will 表将来、表意愿、表临时决定的多义用法和 Shall I/we...? 交际句型,配套结构总表、典型例题与分层演练。练习题涵盖单项选择、动词填空、句型转换、完成句子四大题型,答案与解析统一附于文末,便于自学与检测。
第一讲 知识精讲
一、概念
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。will/shall 结构是一般将来时最基本的构成方式。
I will finish my homework in time. 我会及时完成作业。
People will live to be 200 years old in the future. 将来人们会活到200岁。
二、will 与 shall 的人称使用规则
shall 仅用于第一人称的 I、we;will 可用于所有人称(I/you/he/she/it/we/they)。现代英语中,即使第一人称也普遍用 will,shall 更多见于正式文体和 Shall I/we...? 交际句型。
主语人称
助动词
例句
第一人称 I / we
shall 或 will
I shall/will tell you the truth. 我会告诉你真相。
第二人称 you
will
You will get wet without an umbrella. 你不带伞会淋湿的。
第三人称 he/she/it/they
will
She will arrive at six. 她六点到。
三、四大基本句式
(一)肯定句
结构:主语 + will/shall + 动词原形(+ 其他)。
I will finish my homework in time. 我会及时完成作业。
We shall/will hold a class meeting tomorrow. 我们明天要开班会。
Robots will help people do housework. 机器人将会帮助人们做家务。
(二)否定句
结构:主语 + will/shall + not + 动词原形(+ 其他)。will not 缩写为 won't,shall not 缩写为 shan't。
I will not pass the exam if I don't study hard. 如果我不努力学习,就不会通过考试。
They won't come to the party tonight. 他们今晚不会来参加聚会。
I shan't be late again. 我不会再迟到了。
(三)一般疑问句及回答
结构:Will/Shall + 主语 + 动词原形(+ 其他)?肯定回答用 Yes, 主语 + will/shall;否定回答用 No, 主语 + won't/shan't。
— Will you come to my birthday party? — Yes, I will. / No, I won't. ——你会来参加我的生日聚会吗?——会的。/ 不了。
— Will there be a school trip next Friday? — Yes, there will. ——下周五有学校郊游吗?——有的。
(四)特殊疑问句
结构:特殊疑问词(组)+ will/shall + 主语 + 动词原形(+ 其他)?
What will you do if you don't get the letter? 如果你收不到那封信,你会怎么办?
When will the high-speed train arrive? 高铁什么时候到?
How long will you stay in Chongqing? 你会在重庆待多久?
四、缩写形式一览
完整形式
缩写形式
完整否定
否定缩写
I will
I'll
I will not
I won't / I shan't
you will
you'll
you will not
you won't
he/she/it will
he'll/she'll/it'll
he will not
he won't
we will/shall
we'll
we will/shall not
we won't / we shan't
they will
they'll
they will not
they won't
【注】肯定句常用缩写('ll),否定句常用 won't;一般疑问句中 Will 置于句首不能缩写。
五、will 的多层含义
含义
说明
例句
表纯粹将来
表示将来要发生的动作或状态
It will rain tomorrow. 明天会下雨。
表意愿、愿意
表示主语愿意做某事,可用于人
I will help you with your English. 我愿意帮你学英语。
表临时决定
说话时当场做出的决定
—The bell is ringing. —I'll open the door. 我去开门。
表请求、邀请
Will you...? 请你……好吗?
Will you please close the window? 请你关下窗好吗?
表规律、必然
表示习惯性、倾向性的必然结果
Oil will float on water. 油总会浮在水面上。
表预测、看法
I think / I'm sure / I hope + will
I think he will win the game. 我认为他会赢。
六、shall 的用法
(一)第一人称表将来
We shall/will know the result next week. 我们下周就会知道结果。
(二)Shall I/we...? 表建议、征求意见
Shall I...? 表示主动提出帮忙;Shall we...? 表示建议或邀请,意为「我们……好吗?」,是中考情景交际高频句型。
Shall I carry the bag for you? 要我帮你提包吗?(主动帮忙)
Shall we go out for a walk? 我们出去散步好吗?(提建议)
【注】Shall we...? 的常见肯定答语:Good idea. / Sounds great. / OK. / Why not?;否定答语:Sorry, I'm afraid not.
七、will 与 be going to 的辨析
区别点
will
be going to
决定时间
说话时临时决定
事先计划、打算好
预测依据
主观看法、预测
现有迹象表明
典型例句
—I'm thirsty. —I'll get you some water.
Look at the clouds. It's going to rain.
【易错警示】在含 if(如果)、when(当……时)、as soon as(一……就……)、until(直到)等引导的条件/时间状语从句的复合句中,主句通常用 will 表将来,从句用一般现在时,即「主将从现」。
I will call you as soon as I arrive. 我一到就给你打电话。
We won't go hiking if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨我们就不去远足。
八、典型例题精讲
【例1】My father ______ back from Beijing in three days.
A. comes B. came C. will come D. has come
【答案】C
【解析】in three days(三天后)是将来时间标志,用一般将来时 will come,故选 C。
【例2】—Don't forget to close the door. —OK, I ______.
A. do B. did C. will D. won't
【答案】C
【解析】表示说话时临时答应会做,用 will,故选 C。
【例3】______ we go boating in the park this Sunday?
A. Will B. Shall C. Are D. Do
【答案】B
【解析】Shall we...? 用于第一人称复数提建议,意为「我们……好吗」,故选 B。
【例4】There ______ more high-speed trains in our city next year.
A. will have B. are going to have C. will be D. is going to
【答案】C
【解析】there be 句型的将来时为 there will be / there is/are going to be,不能用 have,故选 C。
【例5】I ______ you if I ______ free tomorrow.
A. will tell; will be B. tell; am C. will tell; am D. tell; will be
【答案】C
【解析】if 条件句遵循主将从现:主句用 will tell,从句用一般现在时 am,故选 C。
第二讲 综合演练
一、单项选择(每小题1分,共15分)
1. People ______ on the moon in the future.
A. live
B. lived
C. will live
D. are living
2. —Please bring your homework here tomorrow. —OK, I ______.
A. do
B. will
C. won't
D. am
3. ______ I help you clean the blackboard?
A. Will
B. Shall
C. Do
D. Am
4. Don't worry. The bus ______ arrive in five minutes.
A. is
B. was
C. will
D. would
5. —Will students go to school in 100 years? —______.
A. Yes, they do
B. No, they won't
C. Yes, they are
D. No, they don't
6. What ______ you ______ if you have a lot of money?
A. do; do
B. will; do
C. are; doing
D. did; do
7. Hurry up, or you ______ the early bus.
A. miss
B. missed
C. will miss
D. have missed
8. I ______ you as soon as I get the news.
A. tell
B. told
C. will tell
D. have told
9. There ______ an English speech contest next Thursday.
A. will have
B. is going to have
C. will be
D. are going to be
10. —______ you please help me carry this box? —With pleasure.
A. Shall
B. Will
C. Do
D. Are
11. If it ______ tomorrow, we ______ at home.
A. rains; stay
B. will rain; will stay
C. rains; will stay
D. will rain; stay
12. My brother ______ fourteen years old next month.
A. is
B. was
C. will be
D. has been
13. —Shall we have a picnic this weekend? —______.
A. Yes, we shall
B. Good idea
C. No, we shan't
D. You're welcome
14. I'm tired. I think I ______ to bed early tonight.
A. go
B. went
C. will go
D. have gone
15. Nobody ______ what ______ happen in the future.
A. know; will
B. knows; will
C. knows; /
D. will know; /
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1. I ______ (be) a middle school student next term.
2. ______ we ______ (meet) at the gate at eight tomorrow?
3. Look at the time! We ______ (be) late if we don't hurry.
4. Don't worry. I ______ (take) care of your pet while you are away.
5. There ______ (not be) a football match if it snows.
6. What ______ life ______ (be) like in 100 years?
7. He ______ (not finish) the work unless you help him.
8. I believe she ______ (become) a famous singer one day.
9. —Someone is knocking at the door. —I ______ (open) it.
10. The students ______ (visit) the science museum the day after tomorrow.
三、句型转换(每小题2分,共10分)
1. People will use robots to do housework.(改为否定句)
People ______ ______ robots to do housework.
2. There will be less pollution in the future.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
______ ______ ______ less pollution in the future? Yes, ______ ______.
3. He will come back in a week.(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ he come back?
4. Will you please show me your new phone?(改为同义祈使请求)
Please ______ ______ your new phone.
5. I think he will arrive on time.(改为否定句,注意否定转移)
I ______ ______ he ______ arrive on time.
四、根据汉语意思完成句子(每小题2分,共10分)
1. 明天会下雨吗?
______ ______ ______ tomorrow?
2. 如果你努力,你就会成功。
You ______ ______ if you ______ hard.
3. 要我给你倒杯水吗?
______ ______ get you a glass of water?
4. 将来城市里会有更多高楼。
______ ______ ______ more tall buildings in cities in the future.
5. 我一到重庆就给你打电话。
I ______ ______ you as soon as I ______ in Chongqing.
第三讲 答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. 【答案】C 【解析】in the future 是将来时间标志,用 will + 动词原形。
2. 【答案】B 【解析】临时答应对方的要求用 will。
3. 【答案】B 【解析】Shall I...? 用于第一人称主动提出帮忙。
4. 【答案】C 【解析】in five minutes 表将来,用 will + 动词原形。
5. 【答案】B 【解析】Will 引导的一般疑问句,否定回答为 No, 主语 + won't。
6. 【答案】B 【解析】if 条件句主句用一般将来时,结构为 will + 动词原形 do。
7. 【答案】C 【解析】「祈使句 + or + 一般将来时句子」表示「否则将会……」,用 will miss。
8. 【答案】C 【解析】as soon as 引导时间状语从句,主将从现,主句用 will tell。
9. 【答案】C 【解析】there be 将来时为 there will be,不能用 have;contest 为单数不用 are。
10. 【答案】B 【解析】Will you please...? 表示礼貌请求,用于第二人称。
11. 【答案】C 【解析】if 条件句主将从现:从句 rains,主句 will stay。
12. 【答案】C 【解析】next month 表将来,用 will be。
13. 【答案】B 【解析】Shall we...? 提建议,回答用 Good idea / Sounds great 等,不用 Yes, we shall。
14. 【答案】C 【解析】表示临时决定今晚会早睡,用 will go。
15. 【答案】B 【解析】nobody 作单数用 knows;in the future 表将来,宾语从句用 will happen。
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. 【答案】will be / shall be 【解析】next term 表将来,I 后可用 will be 或 shall be。
2. 【答案】Shall; meet 【解析】Shall we...? 表征求意见,后接动词原形。
3. 【答案】will be 【解析】if 条件句主句用一般将来时 will be。
4. 【答案】will take 【解析】主动承诺会做,用 will + 动词原形。
5. 【答案】won't be 【解析】if 条件句主句用将来时,there be 将来时否定为 won't be。
6. 【答案】will; be 【解析】特殊疑问句结构:疑问词 + will + 主语 + 动词原形 be。
7. 【答案】won't finish 【解析】unless = if...not,主句用一般将来时否定 won't finish。
8. 【答案】will become 【解析】one day 表将来预测,用 will become。
9. 【答案】will open 【解析】听到敲门声临时决定去开门,用 will open。
10. 【答案】will visit / are going to visit 【解析】the day after tomorrow 表将来,可用 will 或 be going to。
三、句型转换
1. 【答案】won't use 【解析】will 结构否定句在 will 后加 not,缩写为 won't,后接动词原形。
2. 【答案】Will there be; there will 【解析】there will be 变一般疑问句将 will 提前;肯定回答 Yes, there will。
3. 【答案】How soon will 【解析】对 in + 时间段提问用 How soon(多久以后),后接 will + 主语 + 动词原形。
4. 【答案】show me 【解析】Will you please do...? 可转换为 Please do... 祈使句,后接动词原形。
5. 【答案】don't think; will 【解析】I think + 宾语从句的否定要前移到主句,即 I don't think,从句仍用 will。
四、根据汉语意思完成句子
1. 【答案】Will it rain 【解析】一般将来时一般疑问句,will 提前,it 指代天气。
2. 【答案】will succeed; work 【解析】if 条件句主将从现:主句 will succeed,从句一般现在时 work。
3. 【答案】Shall I 【解析】Shall I...? 用于第一人称主动提出帮忙。
4. 【答案】There will be 【解析】there be 将来时为 there will be。
5. 【答案】will call; arrive 【解析】as soon as 主将从现:主句 will call,从句一般现在时 arrive。
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