Unit 6 Live green Understanding ideas (Grammar)（教学课件）-2026-2027学年初中英语外研版九年级上册

该初中英语课件聚焦构词法（派生法、合成法、转化法），通过“Word Family Tree”活动从“happy”派生词切入，引导学生观察前缀后缀，结合阅读句子总结语法规则，搭建从具体到抽象的学习支架。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质，通过词形转换练习和日常物品利弊讨论（如一次性筷子），培养辩证思维和环保意识。采用任务型教学，提供口语对话示例，助力学生自主总结语法规律，提升学习能力，也为教师提供系统教学资源，提高课堂效率。

Understanding ideas (Grammar) Unit 6 Live green PART. 01 Learning Objectives 思维品质 学习能力 文化意识 语言能力 教学目标 掌握构词法；完成词形变化填空与短文语法填空；运用单元句型，双人口头讨论日常物品的利弊与环境影响。 认识日常生活用品带来的环境代价，树立绿色生活理念，懂得权衡便利使用与环境保护之间的关系。 从阅读文本自主总结语法、构词规律；借助思维导图与提示短语开展结对口语探究活动。 识别文本语法现象，辨析同一事物的益处与环境弊端；多角度分析日常用品，形成辩证的思考逻辑。 教学重难点 掌握构词法，熟练完成词形转换、短文语法填空练习。 借助提示框架，从利弊两方面口头讨论日常物品带来的环境问题。 准确判断语境，灵活变换单词词性；口语中熟练使用目标句型表述利弊。 客观辩证看待日常物品，有理有据提出可行的环保应对办法。 01 02 PART. 02 Lead-in Look at the picture. What was added at the beginning of “happy” to make ”unhappy”? What does “un-” mean? PART. 03 Grammar Activity 5 Read the sentences from the reading passage and summarise the grammar rules. (a) It quickly replaced wood and other natural materials. (b) Even humans are eating plastic waste! (c) Plastic makes life easier for many people, yet it brings long-lasting troubles to our planet. 派生法 Now find more example(s) of each type in the reading passage. 派生法：natural, environmental, surprisingly, certainly, slowly, quietly, wisely 转化法：name, cause, mistake 合成法：toothbrush 转化法 合成法 构词法 一、派生法 定义：在词根 (root) 的前面加前缀 (prefix)、后面加后缀 (suffix) 构成新词。 词根 root：单词承载核心词义的基础部分。 前缀 prefix：放在词根前，主要改变词义，大多不改变词性（少数特例en‑可改变词性）。 后缀 suffix：放在词根后，主要改变词性，词义做小幅调整。 三种派生构成模式： 前缀 + 词根：dis‑ + agree → disagree 词根 + 后缀：teach + ‑er → teacher 前缀 + 词根 + 后缀：un‑ + forget + ‑able → unforgettable 1. Prefixes（前缀） （1）表否定、相反 前缀 用法说明 例词（原词→派生词） un‑ 可加在 adj./v./n. 前，表否定、相反 happy→unhappy 不开心的；fair→unfair 不公平的 dis‑ 表否定、相反、除去 agree→disagree 不同意；appear→disappear 消失 im‑ 用于 p‑/b‑/m‑开头单词前 possible→impossible 不可能的；polite→impolite 不礼貌的 il‑ 只用于 l‑开头单词前 legal→illegal 非法的；logical→illogical 不合逻辑的 ir‑ 只用于 r‑开头单词前 regular→irregular不规则的；responsible→irresponsible不负责的 in‑ 通用否定前缀（除 l/r/b/m/p） active→inactive 不活跃的；correct→incorrect 不正确的 mis‑ 错误地、不好地 understand→misunderstand 误解；lead→mislead 误导 non‑ 无、非 non‑smoking禁止吸烟的；nonsense胡言乱语 （2）表时间、先后顺序 （3）表数量 前缀 含义 例词 re‑ 再次、重新 rewrite 重写；rebuild 重建；review 复习 pre‑ 预先、在…… 之前 preview 预习；pre‑war 战前的 post‑ 在…… 之后 post‑war 战后；postgraduate 研究生 fore‑ 预先，在前 forecast 预测；forehead 前额 前缀 含义 例词 bi‑ 二，双 bicycle 自行车；bilingual 双语的 multi‑ 多 multicultural 多元文化；multimedia 多媒体 kilo‑ 千 kilogram 千克；kilometre 千米 semi‑ 半 semi‑final 半决赛 tri‑ 三 triangle 三角形 （4）表位置、程度、关系 （5）特殊前缀（可以改变词性）：en‑：加在adj./n.前，构成动词，“使……”。 例：large (adj.) → enlarge (v.) 扩大；able (adj.) → enable (v.) 使能够。 前缀 含义 例词 sub‑ 在下；次于 subway 地铁；subtitle 副标题 super‑ 超级，过度 supermarket 超市；superpower 超级大国 tele‑ 远程 telephone 电话；television 电视 trans‑ 跨越、转换 transport 运输；translate 翻译 inter‑ 相互，在…… 之间 international 国际的；Internet 互联网 anti‑ 反对、对抗 anti‑war 反战的 auto‑ 自己，自动 automatic 自动的 over‑ 超过，过度 overwork 过度工作；overcome 克服 2. Suffixes （后缀） （1）形容词后缀（名词 / 动词 → 形容词） 后缀 含义功能 例词 ‑able / ‑ible 可……的，能够……的 avoidable 可避免的；acceptable 可接受的；possible 可能的 ‑ful 充满…… 的 helpful 有帮助的；hopeful 满怀希望的；peaceful 和平的 ‑less 无……的（否定含义） hopeless 无望的；careless 粗心的；homeless 无家可归的 ‑al 与……有关的 national 国家的；natural 自然的；cultural 文化的 ‑ous 充满……的 dangerous 危险的；famous 著名的；curious 好奇的 ‑y 多……的（多用于天气） rainy 下雨的；windy 刮风的；snowy 下雪的 ‑ic 与……相关的 energetic 精力充沛的；historic 历史的 （2）名词后缀（动词 / 形容词 → 名词） 后缀 含义功能 例词 ‑er / ‑or 做某事的人 / 工具器物 worker 工人；teacher 教师；actor 演员；visitor 参观者 ‑ist …… 专家；…… 主义者 scientist 科学家；artist 艺术家；journalist 记者 ‑ian / ‑an 某国人；精通…… 的人 musician 音乐家；Asian 亚洲人 ‑ee 动作承受者 employer 雇主‑employee 雇员；refugee 难民 ‑ment 行为、结果状态 develop→development 发展；agree→agreement 同意 ‑tion / ‑sion 行为、过程、结果 educate→education 教育；decide→decision 决定 ‑ness 形容词变名词，性质状态 kind→kindness 善良；happy→happiness 幸福；dark→darkness 黑暗 ‑ity / ‑ty 性质、特征 similar→similarity 相似；real→reality 现实；diverse→diversity 多样性 ‑hood 时期、境遇 childhood 童年；neighbourhood 街区 ‑ship 关系、身份、品质 friendship 友谊；relationship 关系 ‑th 性质、状态 long→length 长度；warm→warmth 温暖；strong→strength 力量 （3）副词后缀 （4）动词后缀 后缀 含义功能 例词 ‑ly 形容词变副词 quick→quickly 快速地；careful→carefully 仔细地 ‑ward(s) 表方向 forward (s) 向前；westward (s) 向西 后缀 含义功能 例词 ‑en 使……；变得……（adj.→v.） wide→widen 拓宽；bright→brighten 使明亮；strong→strengthen 加强 ‑ise / ‑ize …… 化；做…… real→realize 意识到；apology→apologize 道歉 ‑ify / ‑fy 使成为；…… 化 simple→simplify 简化；class→classify 分类 二、合成法 定义：把两个或多个独立单词组合在一起，构成新单词，叫合成法。 构成形式：①直接连写；②加连字符“-”；③分开书写（两个独立单词）。 主要分为：合成名词、合成形容词、合成动词、合成副词 / 代词四大类。 1. 合成名词 ①形容词 + 名词 例：black + board → blackboard 黑板；green + house → greenhouse 温室 ②名词 + 名词 例：class + room → classroom 教室；book + store → bookstore 书店 ③动词-ing + 名词 例：reading + room → reading room 阅览室；running + water → running water 自来水 ④动词 + 名词 例：play+ground → playground 操场；wash + room → washroom 洗手间 ⑤动词 + 副词 例：get+together → get‑together 聚会；take+away → take‑away 外卖 2. 合成形容词 ① 数词‑名词‑ed（表具备…… 特征，名词单数） 例：one‑sided 片面的；单方面的、four‑wheeled 四轮的 ② 数词‑名词（表度量：年龄、时间、距离，名词单数，无‑ed） 例：five‑year‑old 五岁的、ten‑minute 十分钟的、two‑hour 两小时的 ③ 名词‑形容词（描绘属性） 例：world‑wide 全世界的、duty‑free 免税的、nation‑wide 全国的 ④ 名词‑v.‑ing（主动含义：名词发出该动作） 例：peace‑loving 热爱和平的、eye‑catching 引人注目的、heart‑warming 暖心的 ⑤ 名词‑v.‑ed（被动含义：名词承受该动作） 例：man‑made 人造的、home‑made 自制的、state‑owned 国有的 3. 合成动词 ① 名词 + 动词 例：sleep+walk → sleepwalk 梦游；sun+bathe → sunbathe 日光浴 ②形容词 + 动词 例：dry+clean → dry‑clean 干洗；white+wash → whitewash 粉刷 4. 合成代词 & 合成副词 例：every + one → everyone 每个人；some + body → somebody 某人 any + thing → anything 任何事物；how + ever → however 然而 三、转化法 定义：又叫零派生，不添加前缀、后缀，同一个单词直接改变词性，构成新词。 单词拼写不变，词性、词义发生变化。 核心：拼写不变，词性转换。 常见转化方向：名词 ⇋动词；形容词 ⇋动词；名词 ⇋形容词 1. 名词转化为动词 name (n. 名字 / v. 命名)；water (n. 水 / v. 浇水)；hand (n. 手 / v. 传递) book (n. 书 / v. 预订)；face (n. 脸 / v. 面对)；nurse (n. 护士 / v. 护理) 例：What’s your name? 你叫什么名字？ They named the dog Lucky. 他们给这只狗取名叫 Lucky。 2. 动词转化为名词 look (v. 看 / n. 神情；一瞥)；walk (v. 散步；走 / n. 散步)；dream (v. 做梦 / n. 梦想) swim (v. 游泳 / n. 游泳) 例：Please look at the blackboard. 请看黑板。 She gave me a strange look. 她给了我一个奇怪的眼神。 3. 形容词转化为动词 empty (adj. 空的 / v. 倒空；腾空)；warm (adj. 温暖的 / v. 使温暖；变暖)； calm (adj. 平静的 / v. 使平静；使镇定)；narrow (adj. 狭窄的 / v. 使变窄) 例：This road is narrow. 这条路很窄。 The path narrows ahead. 前方小路变窄。 Activity 6 Complete the sentences with the rules of word formation. 1. The factory’s __________ (pollute) is causing harm to the environment. 2. The water is polluted. It is ________ (safe) to drink. 3. Electronic ________ (waste) is also _________ (harm) to the environment. 4. The burning of oil for energy is one of the main causes of ___________ (green, house) gases. pollution unsafe waste harmful greenhouse Activity 7 Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to join two words in the box together to form a new word. pollute use day harm easy every invent Cars: a changing story In the early 20th century, cars were welcomed as a very useful 1_________. They helped people travel more 2_______ and quickly. Over the years, cars havebecome a(n) 3__________ need for many families. However, we can now see that cars cause problems. Cars produce 4________ gases that pollute the air. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), road travel, mainly cars, buses, taxis and trucks, produces about 15% of the world’s CO2 emissions. The 5__________ caused by cars has become a serious danger to the environment. As car 6________ continues to grow, people are developing cars that use new kinds of energy. Today, electric cars are seen as an important part of a greener future. invention easily everyday harmful pollution use Choose the best answer. 1. Which of the following words belongs to a compound word (合成词)? A. useful B. unhappy C. textbook 2. The word “hand” can serve as a noun or a verb without changing its spelling. This rule is called ________. A. conversion（转化法） B. derivation（派生法） C. compounding（合成法） 3. Which group includes only derivative words (派生词)? A. worker; impolite; helpful B. classroom; mooncake; playground C. water (v); book (v); face (v) 4. The word “mooncake”, a traditional Chinese food, is formed by ________. A. moon + cake B. moo + ncake C. moonc + ake Choose the best answer. 5. Which sentence makes good use of conversion (转化法)? A. Don’t be impolite to strangers. B. Please text me when you arrive home. C. He is a famous worker. 6. Which of the following is a compound word (合成词)? A. careless B. dislike C. blackboard 7. Which word is NOT a compound word? A. newspaper B. notebook C. happiness 8. Which group is made up of derivative words (派生词)? A. textbook; playground B. unfair; useful; musician C. everything; grandfather 9. “Shoulder” can act both as a noun and a verb without changing spelling. This method is called _____. A. conversion B. derivation C. compounding Useful expressions ... expressed their love for... ...encouraged me to... ... will... if young people... ·I believe... It was my responsibility to... Activity 8 Work in pairs. Discuss an everyday thing that is useful but causes environmental problems. Use the words and expressions from the reading passage and the Useful expressions to help you. Useful expressions ... was considered/ called... Since ..., ... has become a danger to... Many people believed... ... is causing problems. We can find... in... ... doesn’t solve the problem. We can now see that... cause(s) problems. It produces... that cause(s)... Useful expressions ... expressed their love for... ...encouraged me to... ... will... if young people... ·I believe... It was my responsibility to... Sample It’s disposable chopsticks. They are cheap and convenient. People don’t need to wash them. They are made from wood, so people cut down many trees to make them. This destroys forests and harms wildlife. It also makes the environment worse. We can carry our own reusable chopsticks. Many restaurants are also using eco-friendly chopsticks now. Useful expressions ... expressed their love for... ...encouraged me to... ... will... if young people... ·I believe... It was my responsibility to... Sample A: Do you know any everyday things that harm the environment? B: Disposable chopsticks! They’re super common in restaurants. A: What are the benefits? B: They are cheap and convenient. People don't need to wash them. A: Why are they bad? B: They’re made from wood, so we have to cut down a lot of trees to make them. A: Oh, right! What problems does that cause? B: It destroys forests and takes away homes of animals. It also makes our planet warmer. A: That sounds serious. What can we do? B: We can bring our own reusable chopsticks. Some restaurants are even using bamboo or recycled chopsticks now. A: That’s great. I’ll try to use my own chopsticks more often. PART. 04 Language Points 1. Electronic waste is also harmful to the environment. 电子的废弃物对环境也是有害的。 electronic adj. 电子的；电子器件的 Many teenagers like playing electronic games in their free time. 许多青少年喜欢在空闲时间玩电子游戏。 electronics n. 电子设备 This shop sells many kinds of modern electronics for daily use. 这家商店售卖许多种类的现代日用电子设备。 electric adj. 电的；用电的 My mother uses an electric cooker to make delicious food every day. 我妈妈每天用电饭锅做美味的饭菜。 electricity n. 电能，电 We must save electricity when we leave our houses in summer. 夏天我们离开家的时候必须节约用电。 PART. 05 Exercises Exercise—根据中文提示写出合成词 1. Before the class begins, please clean your __________ (class+room) and take out your textbooks. 2. You’d better write down your daily plans in your _________ (note+book) so that you won’t forget them. 3. On bright summer days, most tourists wear __________ (sun+glasses) to protect their eyes from strong sunlight. 4. My grandfather likes reading ___________ (news+paper) after breakfast to learn about what is happening around the world. classroom notebook sunglasses newspaper Exercise—拆分句中合成词，写出两个构成部分 1. Children are running and laughing on the colourful “playground” after the final bell rings. ________ + ________ 2. My “grandfather” often tells us interesting stories about his childhood during family get‑togethers. ________ + ________ 3. When you travel abroad, check “everything” carefully before you leave your hotel room. ________ + ________ 4. Most boys in our class enjoy playing “basketball” after school to relax themselves from heavy study tasks. ________ + ________ play ground grand father every thing basket ball Exercise—用适当形式填空 1. It is ________ (polite) to cut in while others are sharing their opinions in public meetings. 2. Heavy industrial ________ (pollute) has influenced the living conditions of people living near the river. 3. The local villagers will never forget her ________ (kind) when they went through the difficult winter. 4. Real __________ (happy) comes from the love and warmth among family members instead of lots of money. 5. A large number of famous _________ (science) keep devoting themselves to medical research day and night. 6. Experts warn us that staying up late is greatly ________ (harm) to teenagers’ physical growth. 7. It is ________ (fair) that only several top students can get all the prizes in this school competition. impolite pollution kindness happiness scientists harmful unfair PART. 06 Summary Grammar 构词法 转化法 合成法 派生法 后缀 前缀 合成形容词 合成名词 合成动词 合成代词 & 合成副词 动词转化为名词 名词转化为动词 形容词转化为动词 PART. 07 Homework Homework Summarize basic words and sentences. Make a dialogue by using basic words and sentences. See you next class! $