Unit 6 Nurturing Nature 语法(现在完成进行时)导学案-2026-2027学年外研版高中英语选择性必修第一册

该高中英语导学案以Unit6 "Nurturing Nature"为主题，聚焦现在完成进行时的语法核心，通过"定义-结构-用法-标志词-辨析-易错点"的递进模块设计，结合填空、改写、汉译英等关联任务，构建从基础理解到综合应用的完整学习路径，助力学生系统掌握时态的持续动作表达及与现在完成时的差异。 亮点在于主题式语法融合，所有例句与练习均围绕生态保护、环境改善等真实话题，如"当地人保护天然湿地"的汉译英任务，既提升语言能力（准确运用时态表达持续动作），又培育文化意识（增强环保责任感）。通过易混辨析表格和易错点提示，发展思维品质（分析比较能力），为教师提供从讲解到测评的一体化教学支持，有效促进学生深度学习与能力迁移。

Unit6 Nurturing Nature语法讲解与练习 现在完成进行时详细讲解 1. 核心定义 现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在的动作，强调动作持续性、未间断、仍在进行、带有感情色彩。 核心关键词：持续进行、尚未结束、反复发生、略带情绪。 2. 基本结构（必背） 肯定句：主语+ have/has + been + doing 否定句：主语+ have/has + not been + doing 一般疑问句：Have/Has +主语 + been + doing？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + have/has +主语+ been + doing？ 主谓一致：第三人称单数用 has been doing；其余人称用 have been doing 3. 四大核心用法 用法一：强调动作从过去持续到现在，仍在进行、未结束（最核心考点） 侧重动作不间断持续，突出过程，常搭配时间段状语。 例句1：Scientists have been studying wetland protection for decades. 译文：几十年来，科学家们一直在研究湿地保护（至今仍在研究）。 例句2：People have been planting trees in this area since 2010. 译文：自2010年以来，人们一直在这片区域植树造林。 用法二：表示近期反复发生的动作 动作并非时刻不停，而是近期反复进行，暗含频繁发生的意味。 例句1：The volunteers have been organizing nature protection activities recently. 译文：近期志愿者们一直在反复组织自然保护活动。 例句2：He has been collecting data on ecosystem changes these days. 译文：这些天他一直在持续收集生态系统变化的数据。 用法三：带有强烈感情色彩（赞扬、抱怨、不满、惊奇） 常搭配 always、constantly，突出情绪，是区别于现在完成时的独特用法。 例句1：You have been making the same mistake in environmental observation! 译文：你在自然观察中一直犯同样的错误！（不满、责备） 例句2：She has been devoting herself to ecological protection all the time. 译文：她一直投身于生态保护事业。（赞扬、肯定） 用法四：解释现在状态的原因 过去持续的动作，导致现在出现疲惫、脏乱、成果等状态。 例句1：I am tired because I have been cleaning the nature reserve all morning. 译文：我很累，因为我一上午都在清理自然保护区。 例句2：The soil is fertile because people have been improving the environment here. 译文：这片土壤很肥沃，因为人们一直在改善这里的环境。 4. 高频时间标志词（快速判题） A.for +时间段（持续多久） I have been waiting for two hours. 我已经等了两小时（还在等 / 刚停）。 B.since +时间点 /since 从句（一般过去时）（自从……） He has been studying English since 2020. It has been raining since I got up. ✨对比现在完成时： have done：侧重结果；have been doing：侧重一直在做的过程 C.all the time / all day / all week（一整天、一直） You have been watching TV all day. 你一整天都在看电视。 D.lately / recently（最近，近来） She has been working hard recently. 她最近一直在努力。 👉也可用于现在完成时；用现在完成进行时更突出 “一直在反复做”。 E.these days / over the past few days（这些天，过去几天以来） They have been discussing the problem these days. F.隐含时间标志（没有明显时间词，但语境判断） 动作刚刚停止，现在身上还有痕迹 Your eyes are red. Have you been crying? 你眼睛红了，你是不是一直在哭？（哭刚刚结束） *表示反复发生的动作（带感情色彩：抱怨、赞叹） You have always been forgetting your keys. 你老是忘钥匙。（抱怨） ⚠️易混辨析 标志 现在完成进行时 have been doing 现在完成时 have done for/since 动作还在进行，强调过程 动作已结束，强调结果 lately/recently 近期一直在做 已经做完 例句： ①I have read the book for 3 days. 我看完这本书三天了（读完了） ②I have been reading the book for 3 days. 这本书我已经看了三天（还没看完，还在读） ⚠️不能用于现在完成进行时的时间词 yesterday, last week, …ago → 一般过去时 already, yet →多用于现在完成时 (have done)，一般不接进行 5. 重难点辨析：现在完成时 vs现在完成进行时 （1）现在完成时（have/has done） 侧重：动作结果、成就、已完成，不强调过程；可用于延续/短暂动词。 （2）现在完成进行时（have/has been doing） 侧重：动作过程、持续进行、未结束、反复发生；只接延续性动词。 精准对比例句 1. I have read the environmental book.（读完了，强调结果） 2. I have been reading the environmental book all afternoon.（读了一下午,还在读,强调持续过程） 6. 绝对易错点 1). 短暂动词无进行时：die/finish/stop/buy 等不能用于现在完成进行时，只能用现在完成时； 2). 现在完成进行时不强调最终结果，只强调持续过程； 3). 有 all day/recently 等表持续的状语，优先选现在完成进行时； 4). 表“累计完成多少数量”，只能用现在完成时，不用进行时。 配套练习题 Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空 1. People ________ (protect) the local wetland for many years.（持续进行） 2. The scientist ________ (do) ecological research since he graduated.（持续研究） 3. You look tired. ________ you ________ (work) in the forest all day? 4. The volunteers ________ (take) part in tree-planting activities recently.（反复进行） 5. It ________ (rain) all morning, so the soil is very wet now. 6. She ________ (learn) environmental knowledge these days to protect nature. 7. They ________ (study) the influence of human activities on wildlife over the past decade. 8. Look! The students ________ (always) ________ (talk) about nature protection.（带赞扬色彩） 9. I ________ (clean) the park for three hours, so I feel exhausted. 10. The government ________ (improve) the ecological environment in this area since 2018. 11. Why ________ you ________ (ignore) the importance of nurturing nature lately?（带不满情绪） 12. The team ________ (collect) plant samples all week for the survey. 13. My father ________ (devote) his spare time to gardening for years. 14. The birds ________ (return) to this forest every spring, and we have observed it. 15. We ________ (try) our best to reduce pollution recently. 16. The expert ________ (give) lectures on ecological protection these months. 17. They ________ (not stop) restoring the damaged ecosystem since the disaster. 18. Farmers ________ (adopt) green farming methods to protect soil quality. 19. I ________ (follow) the nature protection program since last term. 20. The wind ________ (blow) all day, which affects the field observation. 21. Young people ________ (pay) more attention to environmental problems in recent years. 22. The school ________ (organize) outdoor nature activities constantly.（反复持续） 23. He ________ (observe) animal behaviors for hours and he is still recording now. 24. We ________ (learn) to nurture and respect nature all the time. 25. The environmental group ________ (fight) against pollution for a long time. Ⅱ.句子改写 要求：改写句子，精准使用现在完成进行时，突出动作持续性、反复性，句意不变 1. He started to study ecology years ago and he is still studying it.（改为现在完成进行时） _________________________________________________________________ 2. They keep protecting the local wildlife all the time.（突出持续动作） _________________________________________________________________ 3. I feel tired. I worked in the nature reserve all day.（用现在完成进行时合并表原因） _________________________________________________________________ 4. The government began to improve the environment in 2015 and the work continues now. _________________________________________________________________ 5. Students often take part in green activities recently.（突出反复进行） _________________________________________________________________ 6. She keeps collecting data on plant growth these days.（升级时态） _________________________________________________________________ 7. We have tried to protect wetlands for ten years.（改为现在完成进行时，强调持续过程） _________________________________________________________________ 8. The scientist does ecological research constantly.（结合时间段改写） _________________________________________________________________ 9. It rained continuously all morning, making the air fresh.（改为现在完成进行时） _________________________________________________________________ 10. People pay increasing attention to nature nurturing in recent years.（升级时态） _________________________________________________________________ Ⅲ.汉译英 1. 多年来，当地人一直在保护这片天然湿地。 _________________________________________________________________ 2. 这位专家十年来一直在研究生态修复的方法。 _________________________________________________________________ 3. 我一整天都在清理公园的垃圾，所以很累。 _________________________________________________________________ 4. 近期，越来越多的年轻人一直在参与环保志愿活动。 _________________________________________________________________ 5. 自2020年以来，政府一直在改善这片区域的生态环境。 _________________________________________________________________ 6. 这些天我们一直在学习如何养护自然、保护生态。 _________________________________________________________________ 7. 整整一周，团队一直在收集野生动植物的相关数据。 _________________________________________________________________ 8. 他们一直在持续修复被破坏的自然生态系统。 _________________________________________________________________ 9. 几年来，农民们一直在采用绿色种植方式保护土壤。 _________________________________________________________________ 10. 这位老师一直在不断向学生普及环保知识。 _________________________________________________________________ 11. 大自然一直在默默滋养万物，维持生态平衡。 _________________________________________________________________ 12. 近几个月，我们一直在持续观察野生动物的活动规律。 _________________________________________________________________ 13. 他们一直致力于减少污染、守护自然家园。 _________________________________________________________________ 14. 这场雨下了一整个上午，滋润了干涸的土地。 _________________________________________________________________ 15. 多年来，人类一直在探索人与自然和谐共处的方式。 _________________________________________________________________ Keys Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空 1. have been protecting 2. has been doing 3. Have; been working 4. have been taking 5. has been raining 6. has been learning 7. have been studying 8. have; always been talking 9. have been cleaning 10. has been improving11. have; been ignoring 12. have been collecting 13. has been devoting 14. have been returning 15. have been trying 16. has been giving 17. haven’t stopped 18. have been adopting 19. have been following 20. has been blowing 21. have been paying 22. has been organizing 23. has been observing 24. have been learning 25. has been fighting Ⅱ.句子改写 1. He has been studying ecology for years. 2. They have been protecting the local wildlife all the time. 3. I feel tired because I have been working in the nature reserve all day. 4. The government has been improving the environment since 2015. 5. Students have been taking part in green activities recently. 6. She has been collecting data on plant growth these days. 7. We have been trying to protect wetlands for ten years. 8. The scientist has been doing ecological research all the time. 9. It has been raining continuously all morning, making the air fresh. 10. People have been paying increasing attention to nature nurturing in recent years. Ⅲ.汉译英 1. Local people have been protecting this natural wetland for many years. 2. The expert has been studying methods of ecological restoration for ten years. 3. I have been cleaning up rubbish in the park all day, so I am very tired. 4. Recently, more and more young people have been taking part in environmental volunteer activities. 5. The government has been improving the ecological environment of this area since 2020. 6. We have been learning how to nurture nature and protect the ecosystem these days. 7. The team has been collecting relevant data of wild animals and plants for a whole week. 8. They have been restoring the damaged natural ecosystem continuously. 9. Farmers have been adopting green planting methods to protect the soil for several years. 10. The teacher has been popularizing environmental protection knowledge among students. 11. Nature has been nurturing all living things silently and maintaining ecological balance. 12. We have been observing the activity rules of wild animals in recent months. 13. They have been devoting themselves to reducing pollution and guarding our natural home. 14. It has been raining all morning, watering the dry land. 15. Humans have been exploring ways to live in harmony with nature for many years. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $