Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering useful structures 不定式作定语和状语 课件 -2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第三册

该高中英语课件聚焦非谓语动词中的动词不定式，通过“例句导入—定义解析—形式归纳—用法分类”的脉络，以学习支架形式串联不定式作定语（如序数词修饰名词用不定式）和作状语（目的、原因、结果状语）的核心知识点，帮助学生构建系统语法框架。 其亮点在于融合讲练结合与高考导向，通过基础演练、高考链接题及句式转换练习提升语言能力，对比不定式与现在分词作结果状语的差异培养思维品质，实例丰富且结构清晰，助力学生巩固语法应用，也为教师提供高效教学资源。

高中英语语法-非谓语 English grammar teaching 非谓语动词 Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicized infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions. 1. Scientists work hard to find answers. 2. They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe. 3. However, some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space. 4. Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. 5. America’s NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 on 5 September 1977 to study deep space. 6. These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died. 目的状语 目的状语 定语 定语 目的状语 定语 动词不定式 定语 状语 非谓语动词 动词不定式 The Infinitive as the attribute & the Adverbial 定语 状语 非谓语动词 动词不定式 学习重点 一、不定式的定义 二、不定式做定语 三、不定式做状语 一、不定式的定义 不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词原形”构成,没有人称和数的变化在句中不能独立作谓语。在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。 主动语态 被动语态 意 义 一般式 进行式 完成式 完成进行式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing 表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前 表示谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前且一直持续到谓语动作发生时仍在进行 非谓语动词 动词不定式 一、不定式的定义 不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词原形”构成,没有人称和数的变化在句中不能独立作谓语。在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。 主动语态 被动语态 定语 一般式 完成式 to do to be done to have done to have been done 1.I have a lot of homework to do. 2.The meeting to be held tomorrow is important. 3.She is the first person to have arrived at the scene. 4.This is the only book to have been translated into 10 languages. 非谓语动词 动词不定式 一、不定式的定义 不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词原形”构成,没有人称和数的变化在句中不能独立作谓语。在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。 主动语态 被动语态 状语 一般式 完成式 to do to be done to have done to have been done 1.He got up early to catch the first bus. 2.The box is too heavy to be lifted by the little boy. 3.She felt very sad to have lost the game. 4.He was lucky to have been saved from the fire. 非谓语动词 动词不定式 学习重点 一、不定式的定义 二、不定式做定语 非谓语动词 动词不定式 二、不定式做定语 位置和关系 We must find a person to do the work. There are lots of interesting things to see. I need a place to sleep in. They got the order to leave the city. 不定式作定语，一般放在被修饰的名词、代词后面。 动词不定式作定语一般与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系、动宾关系、动状关系或同位关系。 主谓关系 动宾关系 动状关系 同位关系 非谓语动词 动词不定式 二、不定式做定语 常用结构1 He is always the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts. Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature. They take a lot of trouble to find the right person to do the job. 1. 当名词是序数词或是被序数词、形容词最高级、the next、the only、the last，the right等修饰时，常用不定式作定语。 非谓语动词 动词不定式 二、不定式做定语 常用结构2 In the past, women had no chance to go to school. He made an attempt to be admitted to the big company. I must keep the promise to pay on time. His eagerness to get back home was quite obvious. The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 2. 当修饰的名词是ability, ambition, attempt, chance, courage, desire, decision, effort, failure, moment, promise, right, time, wish, way…（一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的名词） 非谓语动词 动词不定式 二、不定式做定语 常用结构3 Do you have anything to say? There is nothing to worry about. I want to get something to drink. 3. 当修饰的词为something, nothing, anything等不定代词时。 非谓语动词 动词不定式 二、不定式做定语 常用结构4 The train to arrive is from Beijing. The letter to be written is to my father. The matter to be discussed is important. 4. 表示未来的还没做的动作时。 非谓语动词 动词不定式 二、不定式做定语 常用结构5 I have a lot of things to do tomorrow. Please give me some books to read. He will show you the right path to take. There is a lot of homework to do/to be done. There is nothing to see/ to be seen. 5. 不定式作定语也可用在have/give/show… to do和there be句型中。 非谓语动词 动词不定式 二、不定式做定语 补充说明 1. 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须加相应的介词。 Give me a pen to write with. He is looking for a room to live in. There is nothing to worry about. Here is a piece of paper for you to write on. 注意: 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place、time、way等，不定式后的介词习惯上可以省去。 He had no money and no place to live (in). 他没有钱也没地方住。 非谓语动词 动词不定式 二、不定式做定语 补充说明 2. 不定式作定语时，若句子主语是不定式动作的执行者，用主动形式; 若句子主语不是不定式动作的执行者，则用被动形式。 Do you have anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗? (不定式 to send的动作执行者是句子的主语you) Do you have anything to be sent?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗? (不定式to be sent的动作执行者不是句子的主语you，而是被省略的me或someone else) 非谓语动词 动词不定式 ①In many homes in the UK, the first person __________ (wake) up has to make tea for the family． ②The airport ______________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area． ③The best way __________ (improve) your English is to join an English club． ④Carol was happy that she had the chance ______________ (experience) the life in the city． ⑤These courses offer us opportunities____________ (improve) our abilities to appreciate art． to wake to be completed to improve to experience to improve 基础演练 二、不定式做定语 非谓语动词 动词不定式 ⑥The airport ______________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. ⑦ We are having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ____________ (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company. ⑧Volunteering gives you a chance _________ (change) lives, including your own. ⑨The students are looking forward to having an opportunity _________ (explore) society of real-life experience. ⑩I have a lot of readings __________ (complete) before the end of this term. to be completed to be made to change to explore to complete 二、不定式做定语 高考链接 非谓语动词 动词不定式 学习重点 一、不定式的定义 二、不定式做定语 三、不定式做状语 非谓语动词 动词不定式 三、不定式做状语 主要用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。 在句中，不定式可以作目的状语、原因状语或结果状语。 功能与作用 He hurried to the school, only to find that it was Sunday. I come here to say good-bye to you. I’m pleased to hear about your news. 非谓语动词 动词不定式 三、不定式做状语 主要用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。 在句中，不定式可以作目的状语、原因状语或结果状语。 功能与作用 He hurried to the school, only to find that it was Sunday. I come here to say good-bye to you. I’m pleased to hear about your news. 目的状语 原因状语 结果状语 非谓语动词 动词不定式 三、不定式做状语 目的状语 ① He came here to attend an important meeting. ② He laid down his life to save the child. ③ He shouted and waved in order to be noticed. ④ I'll write down his telephone number so as not to forget it. 注意：有时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用in order (not) to do，和so as (not) to do结构(so as to do不可以置于句首)。 原因状语 非谓语动词 动词不定式 三、不定式做状语 原因状语 ① I am so excited to be here! ② I am more than delighted to be with you! ③ She is proud to have won the first place. ④ He is glad to be invited to the meeting. 注意：不定式作原因状语，常用于“主语 + be + 形容词 + to do”结构中，用以说明产生这种心理活动或情绪的原因，常用于这类结构的形容词有sorry、surprised、disappointed、excited、glad、happy、anxious、delighted、pleased、foolish等。 结果状语 非谓语动词 动词不定式 三、不定式做状语 结果状语 ① He returned home to learn his daughter had just left. ② What have I said to make you so excited? ③ She was so angry as to be unable to speak. ④ He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left. ⑤The boy is old enough to take care of himself. ⑥ I'm too tired to stay up longer. 非谓语动词 动词不定式 三、不定式做状语 结果状语 only to do 表示意想不到的结果 adj./adv.+enough to do 足够……做…… too...to do 太……而不能做…… so/such...as to... 如此……以至于…… 不定式作结果状语常用的句型结构： 非谓语动词 动词不定式 三、不定式做状语 结果状语 only to do 表示意想不到的结果 adj./adv.+enough to do 足够……做…… too...to do 太……而不能做…… so/such...as to... 如此……以至于…… 不定式作结果状语常用的句型结构： 非谓语动词 动词不定式 三、不定式做状语 结果状语 注意：现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别 动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果, 而现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种自然而然的结果。 不定式作结果状语常用的句型结构： 非谓语动词 动词不定式 His father died, _______(leave) his family worse off. 三、不定式做状语 结果状语 He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left. The child fell off the tree, breaking his left leg. leaving 注意：现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别 动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果, 而现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种自然而然的结果。 基础演练 非谓语动词 动词不定式 三、不定式做状语 基础演练 高考链接 ①________ (learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course． ②We travel on Day 2 to northern France _______ (visit) the World War Ⅰ battlefields． ③When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad ______ (find) them alive． ④Would you be so kind as________ (spare) some time to come and join us? To learn to visit to find to spare 非谓语动词 动词不定式 三、不定式做状语 高考链接 ① _________ (make) it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand. ②Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _______ (find) it didn’t fit. ③ Group activities will be organised after class _________ (help) children develop team spirit. ④George returned after the war, only __________ (tell) that his wife had left him. ⑤This machine is very easy ___________ (operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. ⑥We were astonished ________ (find) the temple still in its original condition. ⑦The ability ___________ (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself. To make to find to help to be told to operate to find to express 非谓语动词 动词不定式 三、不定式做状语 句式转换 1.In 2003, Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who got married in space. =In 2003, Yuri Malenchenko became the first person ____________________. 2.In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be recycled for later use. =In space, astronauts collect all dirty water _____________________________. to get married in space so as to recycle it for later use 3.Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have dreamed that one day they would fly into space. =Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have _________________________. the dream to fly into space 非谓语动词 动词不定式 三、不定式做状语 句式转换 4. Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy. =Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day _______________________________. to/in order to/so as to stay healthy 5. Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.=Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space __________________________________________________. 6. During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control.=During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly _________________________________________________________. to/ in order to/ so as to keep everything from floating off to/ in order to/ so as to keep their bodies under control 非谓语动词 动词不定式 三、不定式做状语 语篇填空 Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal _________ (achieve). One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time. For example, _________ (use) the current technology, it would take over two years _________ (get) to the closest planet, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing _________(know) in the universe, it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system. Will scientists figure out a way _________(store) sufficient food and water for the long journey? Is it possible to travel faster than light? No one knows the answers yet. However, space scientists never give up. They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as _________(help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space. to achieve using to get known to store to help 非谓语动词 动词不定式 stay foolish,stay hungry —虚 心 若 愚 ; 求 知 若 饥— 高中英语语法 $