Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures课件-2025-2026学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

该高中英语课件聚焦非谓语动词中不定式作定语和状语的用法，以“太空探索”主题例句导入，通过分析功能、归纳非谓语动词规则、分类不定式功能，逐步展开定语（特定名词、the only等修饰词、不定代词、未来动作）和状语（目的、原因、结果）的具体用法，构建由情境到规则再到应用的学习支架。 其亮点在于情境化主题与语法融合，结合高考真题练习提升语言能力，通过主动被动对比、不定式与现在分词结果状语辨析培养思维品质，用“非谓语改名”比喻简化规则助力学习能力。实例丰富如不定式作定语的四种情况及改写句子练习，学生能在真实语境中掌握语法，教师可直接用于课堂教学提高效率。

Discovering useful structures: Describe space facts and efforts to explore space Unit 4 Space Exploration I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. Some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. adverbial状语 adverbial状语 adverbial状语 attribute定语 attribute定语 Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicised infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions and meanings. 一、它不能叫“谓语” 在有谓语、无连词的情况下，如果句子中出现了第二个动词 和皇上的小老婆改名叫“妃”一样，它也改了个名，叫： 二、它不能和谓语长一个样 谓语动词的一般形式是do, 而非谓语的一般形式是: to do done doing 三、它不能当谓语用 to do的功能 名词 副词 形容词 做定语，修饰名词 做状语，修饰形容词、动词、副词 I have some work to do. He is old enough to go shopping alone. This book is good to read. He came to see me. 一、不定式的定义： 不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词原形”构成,没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing 动词不定式的时态和语态 The Infinitive as the attribute（不定式做定语） The Infinitive as the attribute（不定式做定语） 动词不定式作定语通常放在名词、代词或不定代词的后面作后置定语。 动词不定式作定语一般与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系、动宾关系、或同位关系。 只能用动词不定式做定语的情况 1. Please make an effort to catch the bus. 2. He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow. 1.当修饰的名词是ability, ambition, attempt, chance, courage, desire, decision, effort, failure, moment, promise, right, time, wish … （一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的名词） 只能用动词不定式做定语的情况 1. She is the first graduate to get an offer in the big company. 2. He is the only one to survive the accident. 3. He is the right person to do the job. 2.当修饰的名词前有the only, the next, the best, the first, the last, 以及由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常常用不定式作定语。 1. Give me a pen to write with. 2. He is looking for a room to live in. 3. There is nothing to worry about. 4. Here is a piece of paper for you to write on. 四、不定式加介词作定语 作定语的动词不定式如果是不及物动词或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。 1. I have a lot of things to do tomorrow. 2. Please give me something to drink. 3. He will show you the right path to take. 在一些固定句型中，动词不定式作定语用主动形式表被动意义，如 have / get / give / show sth to do。 在此类句型中，不定式与前面的名词构成动宾关系，和句中另一个名词或代词构成主谓关系。 拓展与补充 ①I do a lot of things. ② I drink something. ③You take the right path. 1. Do you have any clothes to wash? 2. Kids, do you have any clothes to be washed? 3. I can’t go out this afternoon, because I have many materials to type. 4. The boss told me that he had many materials to be typed. 当不定式与前面的名词构成动宾关系，且和句中的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，用主动形式表被动意义；若没有逻辑上的主谓关系且不确定逻辑主语是谁时，仍用被动语态。 Infinitive as attribute 试比较1、2句和3、4句的区别是什么？ 只能用动词不定式做定语的情况 1. Do you have anything to say? 2. There is nothing to worry about. 3. I want to get something to drink. 3.当修饰的词为something, nothing, anything等不定代词时。 4.当定语表示未来的还没做的动作时。 The letter to be written is to my father. The matter to be discussed is important. The airport ______________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. (2013 四川改) 2. We are having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _________ (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company. (2012 重庆) 3. Volunteering gives you a chance _________ (change) lives, including your own. (2013 北京) 4. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity _________ (explore) society of real-life experience. (2013 上海) 5. I have a lot of readings __________ (complete) before the end of this term. (2010 山东) to be completed to be made to change Infinitive as attribute: Exercise to explore to complete 练高考 6. The play ______________ (produce) next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. (2009 安徽) 7. The ability _________ (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself. (2011 湖南) 8. It’s important for the figures ____________ (update) regularly. (2011 北京) 9. Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ______ (stay) away. (2012 北京) 10. It’s standard practice for a company like this one _________ (employ) a security officer. (2014 山东) to be produced to express to stay to be updated to employ Infinitive as attribute: Exercise 练高考 Infinitive as adverbial不定式做状语 （二）作状语 不定式作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词和副词。 I come here to say good-bye to you. I walked quietly so as not to disturb the baby, . 目的状语:to do; in order to do, so as to do, so/ such…as to do, etc. ※ 不定式作目的状语时， 其动作通常迟于谓语动词的动作。 I said that to encourage him. 不定式作目的状语，可用in order to / so as to 代替，有时为了突出强调目的，还可将这个词组置于句首，但so as to一般不用于句首。 （二）作状语 3. 结果状语：不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果常与only , enough 或too连用,用于“too...to”；“enough to...”；“only to do”句型中。 1.He studied hard only to fail the exam. 2.He is old enough to go to school. 3.She is so proud as to look down upon others. 2.原因状语：多用于“sb.+be+adj.+to do”句型中。 1.I’m glad to see you. 2.She was disappointed to hear the news. 现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别 1. He went home only to find his old friend George outside the door. 2. The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it. 动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果； 而现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的，必然造成的结果。 1. I am so excited to be here! 2. I am more than delighted to be with you! 3. She is proud to have won the first place. 4. He is glad to be invited to the meeting. Infinitive as adverbial 不定式作原因状语，常用于“主语 + be + 形容词 + to do”结构中，此类形容词多是glad, excited, disappointed, shocked等表示喜怒哀乐的形容词。 ________ (make) it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand. (2016 北京改) 2. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _______ (find) it didn’t fit. (2014 天津改) 3. Group activities will be organised after class _________ (help) children develop team spirit. (2014 重庆改) To make to find Infinitive as adverbial: Exercise to help 练高考 4. George returned after the war, only __________ (tell) that his wife had left him. (2012 山东) 5. This machine is very easy _________ (operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. (2012 辽宁) 6. We were astonished _______ (find) the temple still in its original condition. (2010 辽宁) Infinitive as adverbial: Exercise to be told to operate to find 练高考 Rewrite the sentences using infinitives or “in order to/so as to + do”. Change the italicized parts accordingly. 1.In 2003, Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who got married in space. =In 2003, Yuri Malenchenko became the first person to get married in space. 2. In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be recycled for later use. =In space, astronauts collect all dirty water ____________________________ to/in order to/so as to recycle it for later use 3.Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have dreamed that one day they would fly into space. =Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have____________________________. dream to fly into space 4. Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy. =Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day ____________________________ to stay healthy Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal _____________(achieve). One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time. For example, ____________(use) current technology, it would take over two years ___________ (get) to the closest planet, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing _____________ (know) in the universe, it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system. Will scientists figure out a way _____________(store) sufficient food and water for the long journey? Is it possible to travel faster than light? No one knows the answer yet. However, space scientists never give up. They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as ____________(help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space. to achieve using to get known to store to help $