Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals Section B(3a-project) 讲义 2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册

本讲义围绕“植物动物与人类的联系”核心主题，构建读写项目学习支架。通过读前观看蓝鲸视频激活背景知识，读中完成体重、居住地等事实表格，写作上进行第一人称改写并运用五段式框架，项目式学习分组制作展示动物海报，同步聚焦watch和last的用法，形成连贯的知识脉络。 该资料突出语言能力与思维品质培养，读前视频激活提升理解，五段式写作框架强化逻辑衔接，项目式海报制作促进合作表达。课中提示框和示例辅助教学，课后随堂检测与反思问题帮助学生查漏补缺，有效落实知识应用与核心素养发展。

Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals Section B 3a — project How are plants and animals connected with us? (讲义 学生用) 课时基本信息 课题 Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals Section B (3a–project) 课型 读写 + 项目课(Reading, Writing & Project) 年级 八年级上册 课时 第 5 课时 教材 人教版(2024)英语八年级上册 主题 How are plants and animals connected with us? 教学重难点 【教学重点】 1. 阅读策略:读前激活背景知识(蓝鲸 5 事实);读中完成事实表格(3a:体重 / 居住地 / 食物 / 寿命 / 自然重要性)。 2. 写作方法:用第一人称(3b)改写;3c 五段式写作框架(开头自我介绍 / 过渡句 / 事例支撑 / 主体拓展 / 结尾总结),完成 Billy the Blue Whale 范文。 3. 项目式学习:4a–4d 分组制作并展示动物 / 植物海报(标题 / 信息收集 / 海报 / 演讲)。 4. 语言点:watch sb do sth / watch sb doing sth(观看……做 / 正在做);last(持续 / 上一个 / 最后)。 【教学难点】 1. 第一人称改写时人称与时态一致(I am / I live / I can eat),把客观事实转成蓝鲸自述。 2. 3c 五段式框架的逻辑衔接:用过渡句自然引出基本信息,再用事例支撑,结尾呼吁保护,不凭空编造。 3. watch sb do(看到全过程)与 watch sb doing(看到正在进行)的辨析;watch 后接不带 to 的不定式。 4. last 一词多性多义(v.持续;adj.上一个 / 最后的;adv.最后),须依语境判断词性与词义。 (一)Pre-reading: 蓝鲸知多少 【过渡语】先观看蓝鲸视频、说出你对蓝鲸的了解,激活背景知识,为读中表格做铺垫。 What do you know about the blue whale? 1. The blue whale is the largest animal on Earth. 蓝鲸是地球上最大的动物。 2. They usually travel alone or in small groups. 它们通常独自或成群活动。 3. They feed on tiny sea animals called krill. 以名为磷虾的微小海洋动物为食。 4. They need to come up to the sea surface to breathe air. 需要浮到海面呼吸空气。 5. They can make loud sounds to communicate with each other. 能发出巨大声响彼此交流。 【知识点】 核心词块:the largest animal on Earth 地球上最大的动物;travel alone or in small groups 独行或成群;feed on krill 以磷虾为食;come up to the sea surface 浮到海面;breathe air 呼吸空气;make loud sounds 发出巨大声响;communicate with each other 彼此交流。 (二)While-reading 3a: 完成事实表格 3a Read the text and complete the table.(Blue whale facts) Weight(体重) It can weigh as much as 200 tons. Where they live(居住地) In all oceans except the Arctic Ocean. Food(食物) Some of the tiniest animals in the ocean; eat around four tons of them a day. How long they live(寿命) Up to 90 years. Importance in nature(自然重要性) When a blue whale dies at sea, it becomes food for many kinds of animals living in and around the sea, lasting for over a year and helping to create a lively and healthy ecosystem. 【知识点】 3a 表格答案:体重约 200 tons;除北冰洋外所有海洋;每天约食 4 tons 最小海洋动物;寿命 up to 90 years;死亡后成为海洋生物食物、维持生态系统逾一年。 【提示框】 表格填空定位法:先读行标题(Weight / Where / Food / How long / Importance),再回原文逐句找对应信息; 注意 except(排除)、up to(多达)、lasting for(持续)等关键词。 3a Read the text and complete the table(蓝鲸事实表) (三)3b 第一人称改写 3b Imagine you are a blue whale. Use the first person to rewrite the first paragraph. 模板:Hello everyone! My name is Billy the Blue Whale. I am . I'm heavy, but I . I live in . I can eat . 【知识点】 3b 参考答案: I am the largest and heaviest animal on Earth and I can weigh as much as 200 tons. I'm heavy, but I can swim, and many people think watching me swim is wonderful. I live in all oceans except the Arctic Ocean. I can eat around four tons of these small animals every single day. 【提示框】 第一人称改写三要点:① 主语由 the blue whale 变 I;② 形容词最高级(largest / heaviest)保留; ③ 动词随 I 调整(can weigh / can swim / live / can eat),保持原意不变。 (四)3c 写作框架(五段式) 3c Complete your passage about the blue whale based on the text in 3a. 五段式框架: 一、开头:自我介绍,引入主体——开门见山介绍最显著特征,吸引读者。 二、过渡句:总起基本信息——用一句话引出居住环境、食物等。 三、事例支撑:结合课文信息描写——居住地、食物、食量等生活习性,用形容词丰富。 四、主体拓展段:补充寿命、在大自然中的作用;抒发内心想法(需要人类保护)。 五、结尾总结段:总结重要性,呼吁保护;语气真诚温和。 【知识点】 3c 写作框架(五段式):开头自我介绍 过渡句总起 事例支撑(课文信息) 主体拓展(寿命 / 作用 / 情感) 结尾呼吁保护。每段用连接词自然衔接。 【提示框】 写作衔接技巧:用 First / Then / Also / Besides / Finally 等过渡词串联五段;事例必须来自 3a 表格事实,不凭空编造; 结尾用 So I hope people can protect me 自然收束全文。 (五)3c 范文:Billy the Blue Whale 3c 范文(第一段 / 基本信息): Hello everyone! My name is Billy the Blue Whale. I am the largest and heaviest animal on Earth. I can weigh as much as 200 tons. I look huge, but I can swim beautifully in the ocean. I live in all oceans except the Arctic Ocean. My favourite food is some of the tiniest animals in the sea. I can eat around four tons of them every day. I can live up to 90 years. 【知识点】 3c 范文(第二段 / 拓展 + 结尾): When I die at sea, I will become food for many sea animals. It can feed them for more than one year and helps build a healthy ocean ecosystem. I play an important role in nature. So I hope people can protect me and my family. 亮点:play an important role in nature(在自然中起重要作用);hope people can protect me(呼吁保护);将来时 will become 表设想。 3c 范文:Billy the Blue Whale(第一人称介绍蓝鲸) (六)Project 4a–4c 海报制作 4a Work in groups. Choose or create the title of your poster.(小组选 / 拟海报标题) 4b Collect pictures and find out information about the plant or animal.(收集图片与信息:name / where / why / interesting facts) 示例(polar bear 北极熊):name the polar bear;where the Arctic;why beautiful, strong, a symbol of the Arctic; interesting facts white fur, lives on ice and in the sea, eats seals and fish, good at swimming, thick layer of fat to keep warm. 4c Make your poster.(海报要素:Name / Home / Food / Looks / Fun fact / Protect) 示例海报:The Cutest Animal — Polar Bear:Name Polar Bear / Home The Arctic / Food Seals and fish / Looks White fur, big paws / Fun fact good at swimming / Protect the Arctic home. 【知识点】 Project 海报四要素:① 标题(4a);② 信息收集(4b:name / where / why / interesting facts);③ 排版(4c:Name / Home / Food / Looks / Fun fact / 保护标语);④ 视觉(图片 + 关键词,勿长篇大论)。 【提示框】 海报制作要点:文字用短语而非整句;信息来自 4b 收集(名称 / 栖息地 / 选择理由 / 趣事);底部加一句保护标语(Protect the home)呼应单元主题。 4c Make your poster(北极熊海报示例) (七)Project 4d 展示与评价 4d Present your poster in class. Then vote for the best one.(课堂展示并投票) 示例演讲(polar bear): Hello everyone! Today our poster is The Cutest Animal — Polar Bear. The polar bear lives in the Arctic. It has white thick fur and big paws. It mainly eats seals. They are great swimmers. They have fat under their skin to stay warm in cold weather. But now the ice in the Arctic is melting. Polar bears are losing their home. We need to protect them. That's all. Thank you! 【知识点】 4d 展示结构:问候 + 海报主题 外观 / 栖息地 / 食物(facts) 现状危机(ice melting, losing home) 呼吁保护(We need to protect them) 结尾致谢。用 now / but 引出问题,语气真诚。 4d Present your poster(北极熊展示演讲示例) (八)Reflecting 单元反思 Reflecting 单元反思 4 问: 1. What amazing plants and animals did you learn about in the unit? 2. When do you use the superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs? 3. Can you describe some amazing plants or animals in the world? 4. How are we connected with plants and animals? 【提示框】 反思答题思路:Q1 举本单元动物(blue whale / bees / polar bear);Q2 三者及以上比较用最高级; Q3 用最高级描述(the largest / most amazing);Q4 用 be connected with / depend on each other 表达相互依存。 (九)Language points: watch 与 last 【过渡语】watch 与 last 是本课最高频考点,注意 watch 的两种句型与 last 的一词多性多义。 1. Many people like watching blue whales swim, and they think it is one of the most beautiful things to see. watch sb do sth 观看某人做某事(强调看到动作全过程)— I often watch the birds fly in the sky. watch sb doing sth 观看某人正在做某事(强调动作正在进行)— Look! I am watching the fish swimming in the river. 2. This food lasts for over a year and it helps to create a lively and healthy ecosystem. last:①〔不及物动词〕持续;延续(常接时间段)— The show lasts for two hours. ②〔形容词〕上一个的;最后的— This is the last question. ③〔副词〕最后;上一次— Who spoke last at the meeting? 【知识点】 watch sb do(看见全过程)/ watch sb doing(看见正在进行);last v.持续(last for + 时间段)/ adj.上一个的、最后的 / adv.最后、上一次。依语境判断词性与词义。 【提示框】 watch 后接不带 to 的不定式(do)表全过程,接现在分词(doing)表进行;勿混用 to do。 last 作动词“持续”时不及物,常配 for + 时间段(last for two hours)。 Language points: watch sb do/doing 与 last (十)随堂检测 单选题 原题题干:单选题。 1.We have classes every day weekends, so we can relax on those two days. A.for B.except C.from D.during 2.At the party last night, Lisa sang and danced happily. She looked so that everyone liked her. A.disappointed B.organized C.lively D.serious 3.Many people think watching blue whales swim is one of the most things to see. A.boring B.beautiful C.scary D.strange 4.Blue whales help to create a lively and ecosystem. A.sick B.weak C.healthy D.dangerous Exercises: 单选题(含参考答案) (11)随堂检测 完成句子 原题题干:完成句子。 1.蓝鲸是地球上最大、最重的动物。 The blue whale is the and animal on earth. 2.树木在净化空气方面扮演着重要角色。 Trees in keeping the air clean. 3.这片海域每年能为当地渔民提供四吨的鱼。 This sea area can provide fish for local fishermen every year. 4.这种海龟如果安全的话能活到 90 岁。 This kind of sea turtle can 90 years if it is safe. Exercises: 完成句子(含参考答案) 易错提醒 【易错提醒】 表格填空定位法:先读行标题(Weight / Where / Food / How long / Importance),再回原文逐句找对应信息; 注意 except(排除)、up to(多达)、lasting for(持续)等关键词。 第一人称改写三要点:① 主语由 the blue whale 变 I;② 形容词最高级(largest / heaviest)保留; ③ 动词随 I 调整(can weigh / can swim / live / can eat),保持原意不变。 写作衔接技巧:用 First / Then / Also / Besides / Finally 等过渡词串联五段;事例必须来自 3a 表格事实,不凭空编造; 结尾用 So I hope people can protect me 自然收束全文。 海报制作要点:文字用短语而非整句;信息来自 4b 收集(名称 / 栖息地 / 选择理由 / 趣事);底部加一句保护标语(Protect the home)呼应单元主题。 反思答题思路:Q1 举本单元动物(blue whale / bees / polar bear);Q2 三者及以上比较用最高级; Q3 用最高级描述(the largest / most amazing);Q4 用 be connected with / depend on each other 表达相互依存。 watch 后接不带 to 的不定式(do)表全过程,接现在分词(doing)表进行;勿混用 to do。 last 作动词“持续”时不及物,常配 for + 时间段(last for two hours)。 答题技巧 【答题技巧】 参考答案:1. B (except) 2. C (lively) 3. B (beautiful) 4. C (healthy) 解析:Q1 句意“除周末外每天上课”,用 except(除……之外);Q2 lively 活泼的(与 sang/danced happily 呼应); Q3 用 beautiful 呼应 one of the most beautiful things;Q4 与 lively and 并列用 healthy(健康的)。 解题步骤:① 通读全句,判断空格所需词义与词性;② 注意并列 / 转折逻辑(and / but);③ 排除明显不符项;④ 代入复读,确认句意通顺。 参考答案:1. largest; heaviest 2. play an important role 3. four tons of 4. live up to 考点:largest / heaviest 最高级(the + 最高级);play an important role 扮演重要角色;four tons of 四吨的;live up to 活到(多达)。 解题步骤:① 读中文,确定空格数量与所需短语 / 结构;② 定位对应表达(注意 the + 最高级、吨数 four tons of);③ 检查动词形式(play / live 用原形);④ 通读整句核对语法与拼写。 语言点归纳 【语言点归纳】 Language points: watch 与 last:watch sb do sth 【短语】看见某人做某事(强调动作全过程)— I often watch the birds fly in the sky. 我常看鸟儿在天上飞。 例句: We watch the dolphins jump at the zoo. 我们在动物园观看海豚跳跃。 watch sb doing sth 【短语】看见某人正在做某事(强调正在进行)— Look! I am watching the fish swimming in the river. 看!我正看鱼儿在河里游。 例句: They watch the birds singing in the tree. 他们看小鸟在树上鸣叫。 last 【动词】持续;延续(常接时间段)— The show lasts for two hours. 这场演出持续两小时。 last 【形容词】上一个的;最后的 — This is the last question. 这是最后一道题。 last 【副词】最后;上一次 — Who spoke last at the meeting? 谁在会上最后发言? 课堂总结 【课堂总结】 本节以蓝鲸为主题,先读前激活关于蓝鲸的已有知识,读中完成事实表格(3a)并练习第一人称改写(3b);通过 3c 五段式写作框架完成 Billy the Blue Whale 范文;Project 环节分组制作并展示动物海报(4a–4d);Language points 学习 watch 与 last 的用法;最后通过随堂检测(单选题 + 完成句子)巩固,并单元反思植物、动物与人类的联系。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $