内容正文:
2026年度冀教版七年级上册数词同步讲义
📚学习目标
1. 分清基数词(表数量)和序数词(表顺序)。
2. 熟记基数词1‑100拼写,牢记13‑19特殊变化。
3. 掌握序数词变化规则,重点记忆7个不规则变化。
4. 掌握基数词、序数词句子成分用法;会用序数词表示日期。
5. 完成词形转换、填空、改错练习。
⚠️教学重点&难点
✅重点
1. 基数词:表示数量;可作主语、宾语、表语、定语;用于编号、年份、时间、年龄。
2. 序数词:表示顺序;一般加‑th;7个不规则变化;前面常加the;可作主语、表语、宾语、定语;用于日期。
❌难点(高频易错重点突破)
1. ❌序数词特殊拼写:one‑first,two‑second,three‑third,five‑fifth,eight‑eighth,nine‑ninth,twelve‑twelfth。
2. ❌13‑19:thirteen, fifteen, eighteen拼写变形,不要写错。
3. ❌序数词前面一般加the;`the + 序数词`可以单独使用,充当主语/表语/宾语。
4. ❌日期表达:`on the fourth day of October`;`May 1`。
核心知识精讲
数词总述
数词分为两类:
- 基数词:表示数目多少
- 序数词:表示顺序先后
一、基数词
1. 基数词构成
1)1‑12:one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
2)13‑19:thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
>💡注意:13‑19一般个位+‑teen;13、15拼写变化;18去掉eight里t再加‑teen。
3)20‑100:twenty, twenty‑one, twenty‑two… thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred
2. 基数词用法
(1)在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语
>Ten of them are boys.(ten作主语)
>Five plus four is nine.(four作介词宾语)
>I’m 12.(twelve作表语)
>He has twenty books.(twenty作定语)
(2)用于名词后表顺序(编号)
>Lesson One is very easy.
>Please open your books and turn to Page 5.
(3)表示年份、时间、钟点、电话号码、年龄
>He was born in July, 2010.
>His telephone number is 88940530.
>I get up at seven every morning.
>She is 13 years old.
二、序数词
1. 序数词构成
一般:基数词词尾加‑th,例:sixth。
>⚠️7个不规则变化(必须熟记)
基数词
序数词
one
first
two
second
three
third
five
fifth
eight
eighth
nine
ninth
twelve
twelfth
2. 序数词用法
(1)作定语,前面通常加定冠词the
>It is part of the tomb of Qinshihuang, the first emperor of China.
(2)`the + 序数词`可单独使用,充当主语、表语、宾语
>The second is mine.(the second作主语)
>Who was the first in the race?(the first作表语)
>Please give me the fifth.(the fifth作宾语)
(3)表示日期
>It’s on the fourth day of October.
>Labour Day is on May 1.
>例句:
>What is the first day of the first month in the Chinese lunar calendar, Zack?
>February is the second month of the year.
>Li Ming is the first student to come to school.
✍分层配套练习(基础→提升→拓展)
基础层:词形转换
Ⅰ 写出下列基数词对应的序数词
1. one ________
2. two ________
3. three ________
4. five ________
5. eight ________
6. nine ________
7. twelve ________
8. four ________
Ⅱ 写出基数词
1. 13 ________
2. 15 ________
3. 18 ________
4. 21 ________
提升层:填空,选用基数词/序数词
Ⅲ 用合适数词填空
1. This is the ______ (one) day of the new term.
2. There are ______ (twelve) months in a year.
3. The ______ (two) is my pen.(作主语)
4. He is ______ (thirteen) years old.
拓展层:改错+翻译
Ⅳ 改错(划出错误,改正并说明原因)
1. He is the five in the race. ________________
2. May is the five month of the year. ________________
3. Lesson First is easy. ________________
Ⅴ 单项选择
1. —Which is ______ month of the year?
—February.
A. two B. second C. the second
2. The ______ is his.
A. three B. third C. the third
参考答案与解析
Ⅰ
1. first 2. second 3. third 4. fifth 5. eighth 6. ninth 7. twelfth 8. fourth
Ⅱ
1. thirteen 2. fifteen 3. eighteen 4. twenty‑one
Ⅲ
1. first;序数词,表顺序
2. twelve;基数词,表数量
3. second;the+序数词作主语
4. thirteen;基数词表年龄
Ⅳ
1. the five → the fifth;解析:表示比赛名次要用序数词。
2. five → fifth;解析:表示第几个月,用序数词。
3. Lesson First → Lesson One;解析:编号表达:Lesson +基数词。
Ⅴ
1. C;解析:二月是一年的第二个月,序数词前面加the。
2. B;解析:the已经在题干,直接用third作主语。
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