Unit 3 Make it happen 首字母填空（热点题型专练）英语新教材外研版八年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦“人与社会——发明”主题，通过基础到拔高的梯度语篇训练首字母填空，系统提升词汇运用与语篇理解能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |巩固基础·专项突破|4篇（如Easton发明机械臂、莱特兄弟造飞机）|考查基础词汇与简单语境推理，空格多为实义动词、名词|从具体发明案例切入，围绕“问题-尝试-成功”逻辑链构建语篇，强化基础词汇在发明主题中的应用| |培优拔高·挑战攻坚|6篇（如电话发明、QR码诞生、AI学习工具）|增加抽象词汇与复杂语境，涉及情感、影响等抽象名词及动词|深化发明的社会意义与技术迭代，语篇逻辑从个人经历拓展到历史影响，提升推理与文化意识|

Unit 3 Make it happen 首字母填空题型专练（话题：人与社会——发明） 热点题型概览 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 Easton LaChappelle, a 14-year-old student, c 1 a robotic arm for a science fair. It was made of plastic blocks and fishing line. One day, he met Jenny, a girl with an a 2 arm. She was born without an arm, and her arm was just a simple hook but cost $80,000. Easton was shocked because his own arm only cost $300. He decided to l 3 a hand to people like her. After the fair, Easton’s room became a lab. He stayed there all day and kept trying to i 4 his work. For his 16th birthday, he got a 3-D printer and i 5 an artificial arm. It could move with the user’s brain signals. But it wasn’t good enough as it weighed 3.6 kilograms, too heavy for a c 6 . Easton kept working on it. He enjoyed fixing problems one after another and finally h 7 on success at the age of 23. His new d 8 weighed only 0.5 kilograms and cost around $500! His invention has helped many children. He didn’t want to make money from it, so he posted his design online for f 9 . People can download the design and make an artificial arm with their own 3-D printers! What a h 10 hand! Passage 2 Do you know the story of the Wright brothers? They are famous for their great i 1 — the airplane. Orville and Wilbur Wright had a strong interest in flying from a very early age. They enjoyed w 2 birds fly and always dreamed of s 3 in the sky like them. The brothers started e 4 with flying machines in 1899. At first, they failed many times, but they never thought of g 5 up. They kept trying and learning from each mistake. Wilbur once said, “If you are looking for p 6 results, you will never get anything done.” In 1903, the Wright brothers succeeded in m 7 the first powered flight. Their first flight only lasted 12 seconds, but it changed the world forever. They proved that humans could fly. The brothers continued to i 8 their design and made longer flights. The story of the Wright brothers teaches us an important lesson: never stop t 9 . If you have a dream, work hard to a 10 it. Remember, failure is not the opposite of success; it is part of success. Passage 3 The printing press is one of the most important inventions in human history. It was invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century. Before its i 1 , books were copied by hand, which took a lot of time and was very expensive. Only rich people could a 2 to buy books. With the printing press, books could be produced quickly and c 3 . This helped spread knowledge to more people. Many ideas and s 4 could be shared easily across different countries. It had a huge influence on e 5 and culture. Today, although we have digital books and e-readers, the printing press is still in u 6 . It has changed the way people l 7 and communicate. Without this great invention, our world would be q 8 different. Now, let’s think about its importance. It not only made books more accessible but also encouraged people to c 9 new things. Every time we read a printed book, we should remember the clever inventor who b 10 us this wonderful tool. Passage 4 What do you usually do with the waste in your life? Someone finds a good use for the waste. There is a yellow car. It just looks l 1 the other cars we see in the street. If you watch it carefully, you will f 2 it is quite special. Because it is a car out of waste. Twenty-two students made this car by working closely w 3 each other. Some of them drew plans, some tried to make m 4 and others picked different materials. For example, the carˈs body is made of old TVs and toys. A part of i 5 seat is made of coconut shells (椰子壳). After 18 m 6 hard work, they finished m 7 this car. Can it run on the road? Of course! It can run fast. It can move a 8 high speed! Besides, it can also run for a long time. “We feel e 9 . We want to show that waste can be used. We can make our country c 10 and greener in this way,” said one of the students. 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 The telephone is one of the most important i 1 in the history of human communication. It was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. Before the telephone appeared, people could only keep in touch by sending l 2 or talking face to face over short distances. The invention changed people’s lives g 3 . Bell got the inspiration for the telephone while he was working on a device to help d 4 people hear. He spent months doing r 5 and experiments. Finally, on March 10, 1876, he made the first successful telephone call to his assistant, Mr. Watson. He said, “Mr. Watson, come here. I want to see you.” T 6 the words were simple, this call marked the start of a new era. Now, telephones have developed into smartphones. We can use them not only to make calls but also to take photos, s 7 emails, watch videos and do online shopping. They have become an e 8 part of our daily life. Many people can’t imagine living w 9 them. We believe that telephones will keep c 10 our lives in more amazing ways in the future. Passage 2 Every great discovery begins with a simple question. Scientists are naturally c 1 —they always ask “why?” or “how?”. For example, Isaac Newton became curious when he saw an apple f 2 from a tree. That moment led to his theory of gravity. Today, young inventors also use curiosity to s 3 real-world problems. One student created a device to detect water pollution using s 4 sensors. Another built a robot that helps elderly people. These projects show that even teenagers can make a d 5 . However, success doesn’t come easily. It takes p 6 , hard work, and the courage to fail. Most importantly, never stop a 7 questions. As Einstein once said, “I have no special talents. I am only p 8 curious.” So keep your mind open, stay curious, and remember: every big idea starts with a s 9 thought. The future belongs to those who dare to w 10 “What if…?” Passage 3 “At first, I just wanted a tool (工具) to help me study. T 1 it drew attention from more people,” Qiu Yumo, 13, told Teens. Qiu is from Huitong School in Shenzhen. She made AI Button. It’s an online AI learning t 2 for middle school students. “My classmates and I wanted to have a learning friend to help us remember the key i 3 . When we don’t know something, we can also ask for help at any time, so I began to work on the idea of AI Button.” Qiu said. Students only n 4 to put what they are studying into AI Button. The AI will q 5 find key points, ask questions and answer students’ questions as well. “This AI is like a teacher and meets each student’s needs,” Qiu said. Qiu Yumo started learning programming (编程) a 6 the age of 6. She began to program with AI to make tools by h 7 in 2023. As a pet l 8 , she also made a tool to count pets’ steps (步数). This can help people to keep pets h 9 . Many students loved Qiu’s idea of AI Button. They wanted to join her to make it b 10 , so that they could get more timely help. “Now I have a small team of students from different schools. We are improving AI Button and trying to let more people know it,” she said. Passage 4 Tom’s dream is to use t 1 to make people’s lives better and protect the environment. He loves creating new things with it and often does small experiments at home. Last month, he won a small prize for his new invention at school—a useful tool designed for environmental protection. He decided to test out this small machine with Lily in the park. Early last Saturday morning, they met at the bus stop o 2 the library. Tom took a packet with gloves, rubbish bags and the new invention—a small machine he made—that could help pick up rubbish e 3 . “This invention is so c 4 !” Lily said happily. They planned to clean up the park near the community, as they often saw rubbish and dirty bottles there, which gave off a s 5 smell. What’s more, they knew such rubbish would bring r 6 to both people’s health and the environment, so they hoped to do something to change it. When they arrived at the park, they put on gloves and started working. Tom used his small machine to clean rubbish under the trees, while Lily collected plastic bottles in the bag. The small machine saved them a lot of time and effort. A passer-by who was walking past the park noticed their s 7 tool and the clean-up work, then came over to help happily. During the work, they talked about how to r 8 pollution. Lily added that they should also a 9 using too many plastic bags. They all agreed that everyone has the r 10 to protect the environment, and smart inventions can make the job easier. By noon, the park became clean and tidy. Though they were tired, they felt very happy. Tom realized that his small invention and their small actions could make a big difference. He decided to keep working on new inventions to help more people live in a better world. Passage 5 “Mr Watson, come here. I want to see you.” These words were said on March 10, 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell. He was testing the telephone. His helper, Thomas Watson, was in a different room. By using the telephone, Watson was a 1 to hear Bell’s words. Their work changed the world! Alexander was b 2 in Scotland in 1847. His father was a teacher. He taught Alexander how a person's voice works. Alexander wanted to know about sound because his mother could not hear. Alexander hoped deaf people could share m 3 with others. The Bell family moved to Canada when Alexander was a young man. Alexander was still learning about sound. He studied and built things that he hoped would help others. Then he moved to America and taught in a school for the deaf. At the same time, he w 4 on his projects. Bell thought that he could find a way to make spoken words travel t 5 an electrical wire (电线). Some men who found out that Bell was trying to build a telephone wanted to help. They gave him money so that he could get a helper. Bell hired (雇用) his friend, Thomas Watson. The two men worked for many hours testing the telephone. Finally, the m 6 worked! The men took turns speaking to each other over the telephone. The news about the telephone was told all around the world. People were e 7 about the new invention. They wanted to buy a telephone so that they could talk to people. In just ten years, more t 8 150,000 people in America had a telephone. Bell b 9 the telephone would change over time. He was right. People have worked to make telephones better. Telephone calls used to be made only from inside a building. Today, mobile phones are powered by batteries. They can be used almost anywhere. The telephone keeps getting better and better. Now, people can e 10 see each other on their phones when they talk! What a great invention! Passage 6 The QR code (二维码) is of great importance to our lives. But have you ever wondered who i 1 the QR code? In the 1960s, supermarkets began to appear in Japan. Cashiers (收银员) had to enter the price of each product into the computer by h 2 . It was really hard work. Later, the bar code (条形码) came out and solved the problem. Users can do their work much more e 3 , but there was a new problem—it could just hold a little i 4 . So many developers started to i 5 the bar code. Masahiro Hara was one of them. He thought, “Bar codes can only hold information in one direction. But with 2D codes, we can put more information in two directions.” So he started to create a new 2D code. To make it be read as f 6 as possible, he made the code black and white, and square. In 1994, Hara’s QR code came out. It was soon used by a car company and later in the food industry (工业). It was so s 7 that Hara could use it to make a lot of money, but he didn’t. He made it public so that e 8 could use it for free. “The more people use it, the m 9 new ways of using it there will be. I think this is why the QR code was b 10 .” Hara said. He also hoped that it could be useful in more fields. 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Make it happen 首字母填空题型专练（话题：人与社会——发明） 热点题型概览 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 Easton LaChappelle, a 14-year-old student, c 1 a robotic arm for a science fair. It was made of plastic blocks and fishing line. One day, he met Jenny, a girl with an a 2 arm. She was born without an arm, and her arm was just a simple hook but cost $80,000. Easton was shocked because his own arm only cost $300. He decided to l 3 a hand to people like her. After the fair, Easton’s room became a lab. He stayed there all day and kept trying to i 4 his work. For his 16th birthday, he got a 3-D printer and i 5 an artificial arm. It could move with the user’s brain signals. But it wasn’t good enough as it weighed 3.6 kilograms, too heavy for a c 6 . Easton kept working on it. He enjoyed fixing problems one after another and finally h 7 on success at the age of 23. His new d 8 weighed only 0.5 kilograms and cost around $500! His invention has helped many children. He didn’t want to make money from it, so he posted his design online for f 9 . People can download the design and make an artificial arm with their own 3-D printers! What a h 10 hand! 【答案】 1．created/reated 2．artificial/rtificial 3．lend/end 4．improve/mprove 5．invented/nvented 6．child/hild 7．hit/it 8．design/esign 9．free/ree 10．helping/elping/helpful/elpful 【导语】本文主要介绍了14岁学生Easton LaChappelle为科学展制作机器人手臂后，遇到因天生缺臂而使用昂贵简易假肢的女孩Jenny，便立志帮助此类人群。 【详解】 1．句意：Easton LaChappelle，一名14岁的学生，为一场科学展制作了一个机器人手臂。根据“Easton LaChappelle, a 14-year-old student...a robotic arm for a science fair.”结合后文时态可知，此处应用谓语动词过去式，表示创造了一个手臂，created“创造”，动词过去式。故填created。 2．句意：有一天，他遇到了Jenny，一个拥有人造手臂的女孩。根据“She was born without an arm”可知，Jenny生来就没有手臂，因此她的手臂是人造的。artificial“人造的”，形容词作定语。故填artificial。 3．句意：他决定向像她一样的人伸出援手。根据“He decided to...a hand to people like her.”可知，lend a hand“帮助”，decide to后接动词原形。故填lend。 4．句意：他整天待在那里，不断努力改进他的作品。根据“He stayed there all day and kept trying to...his work.”及“But it wasn’t good enough”可知，此处表示不断改进，improve“改进，改善”，动词，try to后接动词原形。故填improve。 5．句意：16岁生日时，他得到了一台3D打印机，并发明了一只人造手臂。根据“he got a 3-D printer and...an artificial arm.”结合后文可知，本句为一般过去时态，此处指他发明了一只人造手臂，invented“发明”，动词过去式。故填invented。 6．句意：但它还不够好，因为它重3.6公斤，对一个孩子来说太重了。根据“His invention has helped many children.”可知，他的发明帮助了许多孩子，因此此处指孩子，child“孩子”，名词单数。故填child。 7．句意：他喜欢一个接一个地解决问题，最终在23岁时获得了成功。根据“finally...on success at the age of 23.”可知，hit on success“获得成功”，时态为一般过去时，hit的过去式仍为hit。故填hit。 8．句意：他的新设计仅重0.5公斤，成本约500美元！根据“His new...weighed only 0.5 kilograms and cost around $500!”结合后文“so he posted his design online”可知，此处表示他的新设计，design“设计”，名词。故填design。 9．句意：他不想从中赚钱，所以将他的设计免费发布在网上。根据“He didn’t want to make money from it”可知，他不想从中赚钱，因此是免费的，free“免费的”，形容词。故填free。 10．句意：多么有帮助的一只手啊！根据“What a...hand!”可知，此处指多么有帮助的一只手，helping/helpful“有帮助的”，形容词。故填helping/helpful。 Passage 2 Do you know the story of the Wright brothers? They are famous for their great i 1 — the airplane. Orville and Wilbur Wright had a strong interest in flying from a very early age. They enjoyed w 2 birds fly and always dreamed of s 3 in the sky like them. The brothers started e 4 with flying machines in 1899. At first, they failed many times, but they never thought of g 5 up. They kept trying and learning from each mistake. Wilbur once said, “If you are looking for p 6 results, you will never get anything done.” In 1903, the Wright brothers succeeded in m 7 the first powered flight. Their first flight only lasted 12 seconds, but it changed the world forever. They proved that humans could fly. The brothers continued to i 8 their design and made longer flights. The story of the Wright brothers teaches us an important lesson: never stop t 9 . If you have a dream, work hard to a 10 it. Remember, failure is not the opposite of success; it is part of success. 【答案】 1．invention/nvention 2．watching/nvention 3．soaring/oaring 4．experimenting/xperimenting 5．giving/iving 6．perfect/erfect 7．making/aking 8．improve/mprove 9．trying/rying 10．achieve/chieve 【导语】本文讲述莱特兄弟坚持钻研，成功发明飞机的故事，告诉我们拥有梦想就要不断努力、永不放弃。 【详解】 1．句意：你知道莱特兄弟的故事吗？他们因伟大发明——飞机而闻名。空格前形容词great修饰名词，结合首字母i与后文the airplane，此处填写名词。故填invention。 2．句意：他们喜欢观察鸟儿飞翔，总是梦想像鸟儿一样翱翔天空。固定搭配enjoy doing sth.，意为“喜欢做某事”，动词使用动名词形式。故填watching。 3．句意：他们喜欢观察鸟儿飞翔，总是梦想像鸟儿一样翱翔天空。介词of后面需要接动名词作宾语。故填soaring。 4．句意：兄弟俩在1899年开始试验飞行器。固定搭配start doing sth.，表示 “开始做某事”，结合首字母e，使用动名词形式。故填experimenting。 5．句意：一开始，他们失败很多次，但是他们从没想过放弃。介词of后接动名词；固定短语give up意为“放弃”。故填giving。 6．句意：威尔伯曾经说：“如果你追求完美的结果，你将一事无成。” 空格修饰名词results，需要形容词；结合首字母p与语境。故填perfect。 7．句意：1903年，莱特兄弟成功完成首次动力飞行。固定搭配succeed in doing sth.，意为“成功做某事”，介词in后接动名词。故填making。 8．句意：兄弟俩继续改进他们的设计，完成更长距离的飞行。固定搭配continue to do sth.，to后面使用动词原形，结合首字母i与语境。故填improve。 9．句意：莱特兄弟的故事给我们一条重要启示：永远不要停止尝试。stop doing sth. 表示“停止正在做的事情”，贴合永不停止尝试的语境，动词使用动名词。故填trying。 10．句意：如果你拥有梦想，努力去实现它。不定式符号to后面接动词原形；achieve it表示“实现它（梦想）”，符合文意。故填achieve。 Passage 3 The printing press is one of the most important inventions in human history. It was invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century. Before its i 1 , books were copied by hand, which took a lot of time and was very expensive. Only rich people could a 2 to buy books. With the printing press, books could be produced quickly and c 3 . This helped spread knowledge to more people. Many ideas and s 4 could be shared easily across different countries. It had a huge influence on e 5 and culture. Today, although we have digital books and e-readers, the printing press is still in u 6 . It has changed the way people l 7 and communicate. Without this great invention, our world would be q 8 different. Now, let’s think about its importance. It not only made books more accessible but also encouraged people to c 9 new things. Every time we read a printed book, we should remember the clever inventor who b 10 us this wonderful tool. 【答案】 1．invention/nvention 2．afford/fford 3．cheaply/heaply 4．stories/tories 5．education/ducation 6．use/se 7．learn/earn 8．quite/uite 9．create/reate 10．brought/rought 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了印刷机的发明背景、历史作用以及对当今社会的持续影响，说明了它是人类历史上最重要的发明之一。 【详解】 1．句意：在它发明之前，书籍都是手抄的，耗时久且昂贵。该处需一个名词，在句中作介词宾语；空前“Before its”指代印刷机出现之前，首字母i提示填invention。 2．句意：只有富人才能买得起书。该处需一个动词原形，在句中作谓语；空前“could”为情态动词后接原形，固定搭配afford to do表示“负担得起”，首字母a提示填afford。 3．句意：有了印刷机，书籍可以快速且廉价地生产。该处需一个副词，在句中修饰动词produced；空前“quickly and”表示并列方式副词，首字母c提示填cheaply。 4．句意：许多思想和故事可以在各国轻松传播。该处需一个名词复数，在句中作主语；空前“ideas and”表示并列名词，首字母s提示填stories。 5．句意：它对教育和文化产生了巨大影响。该处需一个名词，在句中作介词宾语；空前“huge influence on”与空后“and culture”并列，首字母e提示填education。 6．句意：如今尽管有电子书，印刷机仍在使用。该处需一个名词，在句中作介词宾语；固定搭配in use表示“在使用中”，首字母u提示填use。 7．句意：它改变了人们学习和交流的方式。该处需一个动词原形，在句中作谓语；空前“the way people”与空后“and communicate”并列，首字母l提示填learn。 8．句意：没有这项伟大发明，我们的世界会大不相同。该处需一个副词，在句中修饰形容词different；空前“would be”与空后“different”表示程度，首字母q提示填quite。 9．句意：它不仅让书籍更易获得，还鼓励人们创造新事物。该处需一个动词原形，在句中作宾语补足语；固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.，首字母c提示填create。 10．句意：每当我们读印刷书时，都应记住这位带给我们奇妙工具的发明家。该处需一个动词过去式，在句中作谓语；发明家的动作发生在过去，固定搭配bring sb. sth.，首字母b提示填brought。 Passage 4 What do you usually do with the waste in your life? Someone finds a good use for the waste. There is a yellow car. It just looks l 1 the other cars we see in the street. If you watch it carefully, you will f 2 it is quite special. Because it is a car out of waste. Twenty-two students made this car by working closely w 3 each other. Some of them drew plans, some tried to make m 4 and others picked different materials. For example, the carˈs body is made of old TVs and toys. A part of i 5 seat is made of coconut shells (椰子壳). After 18 m 6 hard work, they finished m 7 this car. Can it run on the road? Of course! It can run fast. It can move a 8 high speed! Besides, it can also run for a long time. “We feel e 9 . We want to show that waste can be used. We can make our country c 10 and greener in this way,” said one of the students. 【答案】 1．like/ike 2．find/ind 3．with/ith 4．models/odels 5．its/ts 6．months’/onths’ 7．making/aking 8．at/t 9．excited/xcited 10．cleaner/leaner 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述二十二名学生利用废旧材料合力打造黄色小车的故事。文章先介绍这辆废品汽车外观普通实则特殊；再描写学生分工协作，收集旧电视、椰子壳等材料完成制作；最后说明车辆可以正常高速行驶，学生希望借此证明垃圾可再利用，让国家更洁净环保。 【详解】 1．句意：它看起来和街上我们见到的其他汽车一样。此处需要介词，在句中表示“像”。固定搭配look like“看起来像”，用来描述车辆外观，结合空格首字母l可知填like。 2．句意：如果你仔细观察它，你将会发现它十分特别。此处需要动词原形，在句中表示“发现”。will后必须接动词原形，结合句意和空格首字母f可知填find。 3．句意：二十二名学生通过互相紧密协作造出了这辆车。此处需要介词，在句中表示“和……一起”。固定搭配work closely with each other“互相紧密合作”，结合空格首字母w可知填with。 4．句意：他们中的一些绘制图纸，一些尝试制作模型，其他人收集不同的材料。此处需要名词复数，在句中表示“模型”。make models为固定搭配，结合多人制作多个模型的语境、空格首字母m可知填models。 5．句意：它的一部分座椅是由椰子壳制成的。此处需要形容词性物主代词，在句中表示“这辆车的”。修饰名词seat需用物主代词，指代前文黄色小车，结合空格首字母i可知填its。 6．句意：经过十八个月的辛苦劳作，他们完成了这辆车的制作。此处需要名词所有格，在句中表示“十八个月的”。18后接名词复数months，修饰hard work需用所有格months’，结合空格首字母m可知填months’。 7．句意：经过十八个月的辛苦劳作，他们完成了这辆车的制作。此处需要动名词，在句中表示“制作”。固定搭配finish doing sth.“完成做某事”，动词finish后动词需变为动名词，结合空格首字母m可知填making。 8．句意：它可以高速行驶。此处需要介词，在句中表示“以（速度）”。固定搭配at high speed“高速地”，用来描述车辆行驶状态，结合空格首字母a可知填at。 9．句意：我们感到激动。此处需要形容词，在句中表示“感到激动的”。感官动词feel后接形容人情绪的形容词，结合学生完成作品的心情、空格首字母e可知填excited。 10．句意：用这种方式我们能让我们的国家更干净、更环保。此处需要形容词比较级，在句中表示“更干净的”。后文greener为形容词比较级，并列结构需保持形式一致，clean的比较级为cleaner，结合空格首字母c可知填cleaner。 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 The telephone is one of the most important i 1 in the history of human communication. It was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. Before the telephone appeared, people could only keep in touch by sending l 2 or talking face to face over short distances. The invention changed people’s lives g 3 . Bell got the inspiration for the telephone while he was working on a device to help d 4 people hear. He spent months doing r 5 and experiments. Finally, on March 10, 1876, he made the first successful telephone call to his assistant, Mr. Watson. He said, “Mr. Watson, come here. I want to see you.” T 6 the words were simple, this call marked the start of a new era. Now, telephones have developed into smartphones. We can use them not only to make calls but also to take photos, s 7 emails, watch videos and do online shopping. They have become an e 8 part of our daily life. Many people can’t imagine living w 9 them. We believe that telephones will keep c 10 our lives in more amazing ways in the future. 【答案】 1．inventions/nventions 2．letters/etters 3．greatly/reatly 4．deaf/eaf 5．research/esearch 6．Though/hough 7．send/end 8．essential/ssential 9．without/ithout 10．changing/hanging 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了电话的发明背景、发明者贝尔的研究过程，以及电话发展为智能手机后对人们日常生活的重要影响。 【详解】 1．句意：电话是人类交流史上最重要的发明之一。该处需一个名词复数，在句中作表语；固定搭配one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数，首字母i提示填inventions。 2．句意：在电话出现之前，人们只能通过寄信或近距离面对面交流来保持联系。该处需一个名词复数，在句中作宾语；固定搭配send letters表示“寄信”，首字母l提示填letters。 3．句意：这项发明极大地改变了人们的生活。该处需一个副词，在句中修饰动词changed；空前“changed people’s lives”表示改变的程度，首字母g提示填greatly。 4．句意：贝尔在研究一种帮助失聪人士听见声音的装置时，获得了电话的灵感。该处需一个形容词，在句中作定语修饰people；空后“people hear”提示帮助有听力障碍的人，首字母d提示填deaf。 5．句意：他花了数月时间做研究和实验。该处需一个名词，在句中作宾语；固定搭配do research表示“做研究”，与experiments并列，首字母r提示填research。 6．句意：尽管这些话语很简单，但这通电话标志着一个新时代的开始。该处需一个连词，在句中引导让步状语从句；前后句子存在转折让步关系，首字母T提示填Though。 7．句意：我们不仅能用它们打电话，还可以拍照、发送电子邮件、看视频和网购。该处需一个动词原形，在句中与take、watch等并列；固定搭配send emails表示“发邮件”，首字母s提示填send。 8．句意：它们已经成为我们日常生活中必不可少的一部分。该处需一个形容词，在句中作定语修饰part；空前描述智能手机的多种用途，体现其重要性，首字母e提示填essential。 9．句意：许多人无法想象没有它们的生活。该处需一个介词，在句中表示伴随状态；空前“can’t imagine living”表示假设缺少手机，首字母w提示填without。 10．句意：我们相信电话未来会继续以更奇妙的方式改变我们的生活。该处需一个动名词，在句中作宾语；固定搭配keep doing sth.表示“持续做某事”，首字母c提示填changing。 Passage 2 Every great discovery begins with a simple question. Scientists are naturally c 1 —they always ask “why?” or “how?”. For example, Isaac Newton became curious when he saw an apple f 2 from a tree. That moment led to his theory of gravity. Today, young inventors also use curiosity to s 3 real-world problems. One student created a device to detect water pollution using s 4 sensors. Another built a robot that helps elderly people. These projects show that even teenagers can make a d 5 . However, success doesn’t come easily. It takes p 6 , hard work, and the courage to fail. Most importantly, never stop a 7 questions. As Einstein once said, “I have no special talents. I am only p 8 curious.” So keep your mind open, stay curious, and remember: every big idea starts with a s 9 thought. The future belongs to those who dare to w 10 “What if…?” 【答案】 1．curious/urious 2．falling/alling 3．solve/olve 4．smart/mart 5．difference/ifference 6．persistence/ersistence 7．asking/sking 8．passionately/assionately 9．small/mall 10．wonder/onder 【导语】本文是说明文。文章围绕“好奇心在科学领域的作用”展开，通过定义、举例 (牛顿的案例)、说明现实应用及补充条件 (需要耐心和毅力)，客观解释了好奇心对科学研究的重要性。 【详解】 1．句意：科学家们天生好奇——他们总是问“为什么”或“怎么”。后文“they always ask “why?” or “how?”.”体现科学家天生“好奇的”，curious（好奇的）符合语境和首字母提示。 2．句意：例如，当艾萨克·牛顿看到一个苹果从树上掉下来时，他变得很好奇。牛顿发现万有引力的经典故事中，苹果是“正在掉落”的状态，用现在分词falling表过去正在发生的动作。 3．句意：如今，年轻的发明家也利用好奇心来解决现实世界的问题。结合“real-world problems”可知，solve（解决）是固定搭配“solve problems”（解决问题），符合语境。 4．句意：一名学生创建了一种使用智能传感器检测水污染的设备。检测水污染的传感器需具备“智能的”特性，smart（智能的）能精准捕捉污染信号，符合首字母和语境。 5．句意：这些项目表明，即使是青少年也能有所作为。“make a difference”是固定搭配，意为“产生影响/带来改变”，符合“青少年也能创造价值”的语境。 6．句意：成功需要坚持、努力以及敢于失败的勇气。后文强调“努力工作、勇于失败”，persistence（坚持）更贴合“持续努力”的语境；若侧重“耐心”，也可填patience，但persistence更准确。 7．句意：最重要的是，永远不要停止提问。“ask questions”是固定搭配，此处用动名词asking作宾语，意为“永远不要停止提问”。 8．句意：我只是充满激情。爱因斯坦原话是“I am only passionately curious”，此处结合首字母和语境，用副词passionately（充满激情地）修饰形容词“curious”，强调“对事物充满热情”。 9．句意：所以，保持开放的心态，保持好奇心，记住：每个大想法都始于一个小想法。呼应开头“Every great discovery begins with a simple question”，用small（小的）强调“大想法源于小念头”的逻辑。 10．句意：未来属于那些敢于思考“如果……怎么办？”的人。“wonder”意为“想知道/好奇”，“dare to wonder”表示“敢于好奇地思考”，符合“提出‘如果……会怎样？’”的语境。 Passage 3 “At first, I just wanted a tool (工具) to help me study. T 1 it drew attention from more people,” Qiu Yumo, 13, told Teens. Qiu is from Huitong School in Shenzhen. She made AI Button. It’s an online AI learning t 2 for middle school students. “My classmates and I wanted to have a learning friend to help us remember the key i 3 . When we don’t know something, we can also ask for help at any time, so I began to work on the idea of AI Button.” Qiu said. Students only n 4 to put what they are studying into AI Button. The AI will q 5 find key points, ask questions and answer students’ questions as well. “This AI is like a teacher and meets each student’s needs,” Qiu said. Qiu Yumo started learning programming (编程) a 6 the age of 6. She began to program with AI to make tools by h 7 in 2023. As a pet l 8 , she also made a tool to count pets’ steps (步数). This can help people to keep pets h 9 . Many students loved Qiu’s idea of AI Button. They wanted to join her to make it b 10 , so that they could get more timely help. “Now I have a small team of students from different schools. We are improving AI Button and trying to let more people know it,” she said. 【答案】 1．Then/hen 2．tool/ool 3．information/nformation 4．need/eed 5．quickly/uickly 6．at/t 7．herself/erself 8．lover/over 9．healthy/ealthy 10．better/etter 【导语】本文主要讲述了13岁的邱于莫起初只是想制作一个帮助自己学习的工具。Then它吸引了更多人的注意，她制作了面向中学生的在线人工智能学习工具AI Button，该工具能满足学生需求，邱于莫还有编程经历并制作过其他工具，如今她有小团队一起改进AI Button并让更多人知晓。 【详解】 1．句意：起初，我只是想要一个帮助我学习的工具。然后，它吸引了更多人的注意。根据“At first, I just wanted a tool (工具) to help me study.”和“it drew attention from more people”可知，起初只是想做个学习工具，然后它吸引了更多人的注意，前后是顺承关系，结合首字母提示，应用then“然后”表示顺承，位于句首首字母大写。故填Then。 2．句意：它是一个面向中学生的在线人工智能学习工具。根据“She made AI Button.”和“an online AI learning...”可知，AI Button是一个在线人工智能学习工具，结合首字母提示，应用tool“工具”，根据空前的“an”可知，此处用单数形式。故填tool。 3．句意：我的同学和我想要一个学习伙伴来帮助我们记住关键信息。根据“remember the key...”和首字母提示可知，此处指记住关键信息，应用information“信息”，不可数名词。故填information。 4．句意：学生们只需要把他们正在学习的内容输入到AI Button中。根据“Students only...to put what they are studying into AI Button.”和首字母提示可知，此处指学生只需要把学习内容输入到AI Button中，应用need“需要”，need to do sth.“需要做某事”，句子是一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形。故填need。 5．句意：人工智能将快速找到关键点，提出问题并回答学生的问题。根据“The AI will...find key points”和首字母提示可知，此处指人工智能快速找到关键点，应用quickly“快速地”，副词修饰动词find。故填quickly。 6．句意：邱于莫从6岁开始学习编程。根据“the age of 6”和首字母提示可知，此处指在6岁时，应用at the age of“在……岁时”，固定短语。故填at。 7．句意：2023年，她开始自己用人工智能编程制作工具。根据“She began to program with AI to make tools by...”和首字母提示可知，此处指她自己用人工智能编程制作工具，应用herself“她自己”，by oneself“独自，自己”。故填herself。 8．句意：作为一名宠物爱好者，她还制作了一个计算宠物步数的工具。根据“she also made a tool to count pets’ steps (步数).”和首字母提示可知，此处指她是一名宠物爱好者，应用lover“爱好者”，根据空前的“a”可知，此处用单数形式。故填lover。 9．句意：这可以帮助人们保持宠物健康。根据“count pets’ steps (步数).”和首字母提示可知，计算宠物步数有助于保持宠物健康，应用healthy“健康的”，keep...healthy“保持……健康”。故填healthy。 10．句意：他们想加入她让它变得更好，这样他们就能得到更及时的帮助。根据“They wanted to join her to make it...”和首字母提示可知，此处指他们想加入她让AI Button变得更好，应用better“更好”，good的比较级。故填better。 Passage 4 Tom’s dream is to use t 1 to make people’s lives better and protect the environment. He loves creating new things with it and often does small experiments at home. Last month, he won a small prize for his new invention at school—a useful tool designed for environmental protection. He decided to test out this small machine with Lily in the park. Early last Saturday morning, they met at the bus stop o 2 the library. Tom took a packet with gloves, rubbish bags and the new invention—a small machine he made—that could help pick up rubbish e 3 . “This invention is so c 4 !” Lily said happily. They planned to clean up the park near the community, as they often saw rubbish and dirty bottles there, which gave off a s 5 smell. What’s more, they knew such rubbish would bring r 6 to both people’s health and the environment, so they hoped to do something to change it. When they arrived at the park, they put on gloves and started working. Tom used his small machine to clean rubbish under the trees, while Lily collected plastic bottles in the bag. The small machine saved them a lot of time and effort. A passer-by who was walking past the park noticed their s 7 tool and the clean-up work, then came over to help happily. During the work, they talked about how to r 8 pollution. Lily added that they should also a 9 using too many plastic bags. They all agreed that everyone has the r 10 to protect the environment, and smart inventions can make the job easier. By noon, the park became clean and tidy. Though they were tired, they felt very happy. Tom realized that his small invention and their small actions could make a big difference. He decided to keep working on new inventions to help more people live in a better world. 【答案】 1．technology/echnology 2．opposite/pposite 3．easily/asily 4．clever/lever 5．strange/trange 6．risks/isks 7．smart/mart 8．reduce/educe 9．avoid/void 10．responsibility/esponsibility 【导语】本文讲述了热爱科技发明的汤姆，制作了一台环保捡垃圾小机器，并和莉莉一起去公园清理垃圾的故事。他们不仅用发明提高了清理效率，还在过程中讨论环保方法，体会到了小发明和小行动对改善环境的大作用。 【详解】 1．句意：汤姆的梦想是用科技改善人们的生活并保护环境。根据“creating new things”和“small experiments”以及“new invention”可知，这些均与科技相关，结合首字母“t”，“technology”意为“科技”，符合语境，故填technology。 2．句意：上周六一大早，他们在图书馆对面的公交站碰面。此处需要一个介词表示公交站的位置，结合首字母“o”，“opposite”意为“在……对面”，用于描述地点方位，故填opposite。 3．句意：汤姆带了一个包，里面有手套、垃圾袋和他做的新发明 —— 一台能帮人轻松捡垃圾的小机器。根据“pick up rubbish”可知，此处需要副词修饰动词短语，结合发明的用途是省力捡垃圾，首字母“e”提示用“easily”（轻松地），故填easily。 4．句意：“这个发明太妙了！” 莉莉开心地说。前文提到机器能轻松捡垃圾，莉莉的评价是赞赏的，结合首字母“c”，“clever”意为“巧妙的；好用的”，符合夸赞发明的语境，故填clever。 5．句意：他们计划清理社区附近的公园，因为他们经常看到那里有垃圾和脏瓶子，散发出一股怪异的气味。根据常识可知，脏瓶子和垃圾会产生不好的气味，结合首字母“s”，“strange”意为“怪异的；陌生的”，可形容难闻的气味，故填strange。 6．句意：此外，他们知道这类垃圾会给人们的健康和环境带来危害。“bring risks to”是固定搭配，意为“给……带来危害/风险”，结合垃圾对健康和环境的负面影响，首字母“r”提示用“risks”（风险），故填risks。 7．句意：一位路过公园的行人注意到了他们的灵巧工具和清理工作，然后愉快地过来帮忙。前文提到这个发明能节省时间和力气，是个灵巧的工具，结合首字母“s”，“smart”意为“灵巧的；好用的”，修饰“tool”，故填smart。 8．句意：干活的时候，他们讨论了如何减少污染。清理垃圾的目的之一是减少污染，结合首字母“r”，“reduce”意为“减少”，“how to”后接动词原形，故填reduce。 9．句意：莉莉补充说，他们还应该避免使用太多塑料袋。塑料袋是白色污染的来源之一，保护环境需要避免多用塑料袋，结合首字母“a”，“avoid”意为“避免”，“should”后接动词原形，故填avoid。 10．句意：他们一致认为，每个人都有保护环境的责任，而巧妙的发明能让这件事变得更轻松。“have the responsibility to do sth”是固定搭配，意为“有责任做某事”，结合环保的主题，首字母“r” 提示用“responsibility”（责任），故填responsibility。 Passage 5 “Mr Watson, come here. I want to see you.” These words were said on March 10, 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell. He was testing the telephone. His helper, Thomas Watson, was in a different room. By using the telephone, Watson was a 1 to hear Bell’s words. Their work changed the world! Alexander was b 2 in Scotland in 1847. His father was a teacher. He taught Alexander how a person's voice works. Alexander wanted to know about sound because his mother could not hear. Alexander hoped deaf people could share m 3 with others. The Bell family moved to Canada when Alexander was a young man. Alexander was still learning about sound. He studied and built things that he hoped would help others. Then he moved to America and taught in a school for the deaf. At the same time, he w 4 on his projects. Bell thought that he could find a way to make spoken words travel t 5 an electrical wire (电线). Some men who found out that Bell was trying to build a telephone wanted to help. They gave him money so that he could get a helper. Bell hired (雇用) his friend, Thomas Watson. The two men worked for many hours testing the telephone. Finally, the m 6 worked! The men took turns speaking to each other over the telephone. The news about the telephone was told all around the world. People were e 7 about the new invention. They wanted to buy a telephone so that they could talk to people. In just ten years, more t 8 150,000 people in America had a telephone. Bell b 9 the telephone would change over time. He was right. People have worked to make telephones better. Telephone calls used to be made only from inside a building. Today, mobile phones are powered by batteries. They can be used almost anywhere. The telephone keeps getting better and better. Now, people can e 10 see each other on their phones when they talk! What a great invention! 【答案】 1．able/ble 2．born/orn 3．messages/essages 4．worked/orked 5．through/hrough 6．machine/achine 7．excited/xcited 8．than/han 9．believed/elieved 10．even/ven 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了电话的发明历程，从亚历山大·格拉汉姆·贝尔的初衷、研究过程到最终成功发明电话，以及电话如何随着时间的推移不断改进和发展，成为现代生活中不可或缺的通讯工具。 【详解】 1．句意：通过使用电话，沃森能够听到贝尔的话。根据“By using the telephone”和首字母提示可知，使用电话可以让沃森听到贝尔的话，be able to do sth.“能够做某事”，固定短语，符合语境。故填able。 2．句意：亚历山大1847年出生于苏格兰。根据“in Scotland in 1847”和首字母提示可知，此处指亚历山大出生于苏格兰，be born in“出生于”，固定短语，符合语境。故填born。 3．句意：亚历山大希望聋人能够与他人分享信息。根据“Alexander hoped deaf people could share...with others.”和首字母提示可知，此处指亚历山大希望聋人能够与他人分享信息，message“信息”，可数名词，此处应用复数形式表示泛指。故填messages。 4．句意：与此同时，他致力于他的项目。根据“At the same time, he...on his projects.”和首字母提示可知，此处指他致力于他的项目，work on“致力于”，固定短语，符合语境；根据前句“Then he moved to America and taught in a school for the deaf.”可知，该句为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填worked。 5．句意：贝尔认为他能找到一种方法让口语通过电线传播。根据“make spoken words travel...an electrical wire”和首字母提示可知，此处指让口语通过电线传播，through“通过”，介词，符合语境。故填through。 6．句意：最后，机器起作用了！根据“The two men worked for many hours testing the telephone.”和首字母提示可知，此处指他们测试的电话机器起作用了，machine“机器”，符合语境；根据语境可知，此处指电话这一台机器，应用单数形式。故填machine。 7．句意：人们对这项新发明感到兴奋。根据“The news about the telephone was told all around the world.”和首字母提示可知，电话的消息传遍了全世界，所以人们对这项新发明感到兴奋，be excited about“对……感到兴奋”，固定短语，符合语境。故填excited。 8．句意：仅仅十年间，美国就有超过15万人拥有了电话。根据“more...150,000 people”和首字母提示可知，此处指超过15万人，more than“超过”，固定短语，符合语境。故填than。 9．句意：贝尔相信电话会随着时间而改变。根据“Bell...the telephone would change over time.”和首字母提示可知，此处指贝尔相信电话会随着时间而改变，believe“相信”，符合语境；根据语境可知，该句为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填believed。 10．句意：现在，人们甚至可以在打电话时看到对方！根据“people can...see each other on their phones when they talk”和首字母提示可知，此处指人们甚至可以在打电话时看到对方，even“甚至”，副词，符合语境。故填even。 Passage 6 The QR code (二维码) is of great importance to our lives. But have you ever wondered who i 1 the QR code? In the 1960s, supermarkets began to appear in Japan. Cashiers (收银员) had to enter the price of each product into the computer by h 2 . It was really hard work. Later, the bar code (条形码) came out and solved the problem. Users can do their work much more e 3 , but there was a new problem—it could just hold a little i 4 . So many developers started to i 5 the bar code. Masahiro Hara was one of them. He thought, “Bar codes can only hold information in one direction. But with 2D codes, we can put more information in two directions.” So he started to create a new 2D code. To make it be read as f 6 as possible, he made the code black and white, and square. In 1994, Hara’s QR code came out. It was soon used by a car company and later in the food industry (工业). It was so s 7 that Hara could use it to make a lot of money, but he didn’t. He made it public so that e 8 could use it for free. “The more people use it, the m 9 new ways of using it there will be. I think this is why the QR code was b 10 .” Hara said. He also hoped that it could be useful in more fields. 【答案】 1．invented/nvented 2．hand/and 3．easily/asily 4．information/nformation 5．improve/mprove 6．fast/ast 7．successful/uccessful 8．everyone/everybody/veryone/verybody 9．more/ore 10．born/orn 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了二维码的发明背景与发展历程。 【详解】 1．句意：但你有没有想过二维码是谁发明的？根据“who…the QR code”和首字母i可知，此处询问二维码是谁发明的，首字母为i，用“invent”（发明）；动作发生在过去，用过去式invented，故填invented。 2．句意：收银员必须手动将每件商品的价格输入电脑。根据“enter the price of each product into the computer by…”可知，价格输入电脑要用手，首字母为h，“by hand”是固定短语，意为“手动、用手”，故填hand。 3．句意：用户可以更轻松地工作，但出现了一个新问题——它只能存储少量信息。根据前文“Later, the bar code (条形码) came out and solved the problem”可知，问题被解决了，所以此处表示“更轻松地工作”，首字母为e，用easy的副词形式easily，故填easily。 4．句意：用户可以更轻松地工作，但出现了一个新问题——它只能存储少量信息。根据“Bar codes can only hold information in one direction”可知，此处指“存储信息”，首字母为i，用information，不可数名词，故填information。 5．句意：因此，许多开发者开始改进条形码。根据“Bar codes can only hold information in one direction. But with 2D codes, we can put more information in two directions.”可知，此处表示“改进条形码”，首字母为i，用“improve”意为“改进”，“start to do sth.”后接动词原形，故填improve。 6．句意：为了让它尽可能快地被读取，他将二维码设计成黑白方形。根据“To make it be read”可知，读取速度加快，首字母为f，用“fast”意为“快速地”，“as...as possible”中间用原级，故填fast。 7．句意：它非常成功，原昌宏本可以借此赚很多钱，但他没有。根据“Hara could use it to make a lot of money”可知，能挣很多钱，说明是成功的，此处表示“成功的”，首字母为s，用形容词successful，故填successful。 8．句意：他将其公开，以便每个人都能免费使用。根据“He made it public”可知，公开给大众使用，首字母为e，用everyone/everybody意为“每个人”，故填everyone/everybody。 9．句意：使用它的人越多，就会有越多新的使用方式。“the+比较级，the+比较级”是固定句型，结合“more people”，首字母为m，用more意为“更多的”，故填more。 10．句意：我想这就是二维码诞生的原因。根据文章开头“But have you ever wondered who invented the QR code?”并结合“二维码的发明”可知，此处表示“二维码诞生的原因”，首字母为b，用“born”意为“诞生、产生”，故填born。 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Make it happen 首字母填空题型专练（话题：人与社会——发明） 参考答案 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 1. created 2. artificial 3. lend 4. improve 5. invented 6. child 7. hit 8. design 9. free 10. helping/helpful Passage 2 1. invention 2. watching 3. soaring 4. experimenting 5. giving 6. perfect 7. making 8. improve 9. trying 10. achieve Passage 3 1. invention 2. afford 3. cheaply 4. stories 5. education 6. use 7. learn 8. quite 9. create 10. brought Passage 4 1. like 2. find 3. with 4. models 5. its 6. months’ 7. making 8. at 9. excited 10. cleaner 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 1. inventions 2. letters 3. greatly 4. deaf 5. research 6. Though 7. send 8. essential 9. without 10. changing Passage 2 1. curious 2. falling 3. solve 4. smart 5. difference 6. persistence 7. asking 8. passionately 9. small 10. wonder Passage 3 1. Then 2. tool 3. information 4. need 5. quickly 6. at 7. herself 8. lover 9. healthy 10. better Passage 4 1. technology 2. opposite 3. easily 4. clever 5. strange 6. risks 7. smart 8. reduce 9. avoid 10. responsibility Passage 5 1. able 2. born 3. messages 4. worked 5. through 6. machine 7. excited 8. than 9. believed 10. even Passage 6 1. invented 2. hand 3. easily 4. information 5. improve 6. fast 7. successful 8. everyone/everybody 9. more 10. born 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $