2026年中考英语语法第12讲 动词短语与固定搭配：中考高频短语分类速记讲义

该初中英语讲义聚焦中考高频动词短语与固定搭配，覆盖动词+介词、动词+副词等六大核心考点，通过知识导图构建分类体系，考点清单明确考查形式，核心讲解结合口诀速记与实例分析，教学流程含考点梳理、易错点拨、分层训练，助力学生系统突破语法难点。 亮点在于“口诀速记+易错诊断+分层检测”策略，如动词+副词用“代词放中间”口诀强化记忆，易错点对比分析（如look for与find）培养思维品质，设A/B/C组练习适配不同层次，提升语言能力与学习效率，教师可依此精准把控复习节奏，实现高效备考。

中考英语语法第12讲 动词短语与固定搭配：中考高频短语分类速记&过关检测 栏目一：考点梳理 ① 知识导图 动词短语与固定搭配 ├── 动词 + 介词 │ ├── 看类：look at / for / after / like │ ├── 听说类：listen to, hear from, hear of │ ├── 思考谈论类：talk about, think about, worry about │ └── 到达/归属类：get to, arrive at/in, belong to ├── 动词 + 副词 │ ├── 开关类：turn on/off/up/down │ ├── 放脱类：put on/off/away/up, take off/away/out │ ├── 放弃类：give up/away/out │ └── 宾语位置：代词放中间，名词可中可后 ├── 动词 + 副词 + 介词 │ ├── catch up with, come up with │ ├── look forward to, get along with │ └── run out of, do well in ├── 动词 + 名词(+介词) │ ├── take a rest/walk, have a try │ ├── make progress/decision, have a good time │ └── pay attention to, take part in, take care of ├── be + 形容词 + 介词 │ ├── be good at/for/with │ ├── be interested in, be proud of, be afraid of │ ├── be full of, be tired of, be busy with │ └── be strict with（人）/ be strict in（事） └── 常见固定搭配 ├── at once/at last/at least ├── in time/on time, in fact, in danger └── as soon as/as long as/even if/so that ② 考点清单 星级 考点 考查形式 ★★★ 动词 + 介词的固定搭配 单项选择、语法填空 ★★★ 动词 + 副词的固定搭配与宾语位置 单项选择、语法填空 ★★★ be + 形容词 + 介词的搭配 单项选择、语法填空 ★★ 动词 + 副词 + 介词（三词短语） 单项选择 ★★ 动词 + 名词（+介词）短语 单项选择、句型转换 ★★ 常见固定搭配（at/in/as 类） 单项选择、完形填空 ③ 核心讲解 考点1：动词 + 介词（★★★） 动词后接介词构成动词短语，相当于及物动词，宾语放在介词之后。 分类 短语 含义 看类 look at / look for / look after / look like 看；寻找；照顾；看起来像 听说类 listen to / hear from / hear of 听；收到……的来信；听说 思考谈论类 talk about / think about / worry about 谈论；考虑；担心 等待请求类 wait for / ask for / pay for 等待；请求；为……付款 学习来源类 learn from / come from / hear from 向……学习；来自；收到来信 到达类 get to / arrive at / arrive in 到达（小地方/大地方） 归属依靠类 belong to / depend on / laugh at 属于；依靠；嘲笑 口诀：看听说谈想担心，等求付来学起身；到达归属依靠笑，介词短语要记牢。 考点2：动词 + 副词（★★★） 分类 短语 含义 开关类 turn on / turn off / turn up / turn down 打开；关闭；调大；调小 放脱类 put on / put off / put away / put up 穿上；推迟；收好；张贴/举起 取脱类 take off / take away / take out / take up 起飞/脱下；拿走；拿出；占据 放弃类 give up / give away / give out 放弃；赠送；分发 起床下车类 get up / get on / get off 起床；上车；下车 查看类 look up / look over / look out 查阅；检查；当心 其他 wake up / hurry up / show up 醒来；赶快；出现 宾语位置规则（中考高频考点）： 宾语类型 位置 示例 代词（it/them/me） 放中间 Please turn it off.（❌ turn off it） 名词 可中间可后面 Please turn off the light. / turn the light off. 口诀：开关放脱取，放弃上车查；代词放中间，名词可中可后。 考点3：动词 + 副词 + 介词（★★） 短语 含义 示例 catch up with 赶上 I will catch up with you soon. look forward to 期待 I look forward to hearing from you. come up with 想出 He came up with a good idea. get along with 与……相处 She gets along well with her classmates. go on with 继续 Go on with your work. run out of 用完 We have run out of water. do well in 擅长，做得好 He does well in math. make friends with 与……交朋友 I made friends with him. 注意：look forward to 中的 to 是介词，后接名词或动名词（doing）。 考点4：动词 + 名词（+介词）（★★） 分类 短语 含义 take 类 take a rest / take a walk / take care of 休息；散步；照顾 have 类 have a try / have a good time / have a rest 试一试；玩得开心；休息 make 类 make progress / make a decision / make use of 取得进步；做决定；利用 pay 类 pay attention to / pay for 注意；为……付款 play 类 play a part in / play a role in 在……中起作用 其他 take part in / take place 参加；发生 注意：pay attention to / look forward to / make friends with 等短语中 to/with 为介词，后接 doing。 考点5：be + 形容词 + 介词（★★★） 短语 含义 示例 be good at 擅长（doing） She is good at singing. be good for 对……有好处 Milk is good for us. be good with 善于应对/相处 He is good with children. be interested in 对……感兴趣 I am interested in science. be fond of 喜欢 They are fond of reading. be tired of 厌倦 He is tired of the noise. be proud of 为……自豪 We are proud of our country. be afraid of 害怕 She is afraid of dogs. be full of 充满 The room is full of books. be angry with 生……的气 Don't be angry with me. be pleased with 对……满意 He is pleased with the result. be busy with 忙于 She is busy with her work. be strict with 对（人）严格 Our teacher is strict with us. be strict in 对（事）严格 He is strict in his work. 口诀：擅长善待对有益，感兴趣来喜欢上；厌倦自豪又害怕，生气满意忙严格。 注意：严格对人用 with，严格对事用 in。 考点6：常见固定搭配速记（★★） 分类 搭配 含义 at 类 at once / at last / at first / at least / at most 立刻；最后；起初；至少；至多 in/on 类 in time / on time / in fact / in public / in danger / in a hurry 及时；准时；事实上；公开地；在危险中；匆忙 数量类 plenty of / a lot of / lots of 充足的；许多；许多 连词类 as soon as / as long as / even if / so that 一……就；只要；即使；以便 注意辨析：in time（及时，来得及）与 on time（准时，按时）含义不同。 栏目二：易错点拨 【易错1】look for 与 find 混淆 ❌ 错误：I am looking my pen, but I can't look for it. ✅ 正确：I am looking for my pen, but I can't find it. 【错因分析】look for 强调"寻找"的过程，find 强调"找到"的结果；且 look for 不能省略介词 for。 【避坑技巧】 - look for = 找（强调动作、过程） - find = 找到（强调结果） - 补充：find out 查明（真相、答案） 【易错2】hear from 与 hear of 混淆 ❌ 错误：I often hear of my pen friend. ✅ 正确：I often hear from my pen friend. 【错因分析】hear from 意为"收到……的来信"，后接人；hear of 意为"听说"，后接人或事。 【避坑技巧】 - hear from sb. = 收到某人的来信 - hear of sth. = 听说某事 - 例句：I heard of the news yesterday. 【易错3】look up 代词作宾语的位置 ❌ 错误：Please look up it in the dictionary. ✅ 正确：Please look it up in the dictionary. 【错因分析】动词 + 副词构成的短语，代词宾语必须放在中间。 【避坑技巧】 - look it up / turn it off / put them away（代词放中间） - 名词可放中间或后面：look up the word = look the word up 【易错4】arrive in/at 与 reach、get to 的区别 ❌ 错误：He arrived Beijing yesterday. ✅ 正确：He arrived in Beijing yesterday. ✅ 正确：He reached Beijing yesterday. ✅ 正确：He got to Beijing yesterday. 【错因分析】arrive 是不及物动词，后接大地方用 in、小地方用 at；reach 是及物动词直接接宾语；get to 后接地点。 【避坑技巧】 - arrive in + 大地方（城市、国家） - arrive at + 小地方（车站、学校） - reach + 地点（及物，不加介词） - get to + 地点（口语常用） - 到家（here/there/home）不加介词：get home, arrive home 【易错5】be good at / be good for / be good with 辨析 ❌ 错误：Vegetables are good at our health. ✅ 正确：Vegetables are good for our health. 【错因分析】be good at 表"擅长"（后接 doing），be good for 表"对……有好处"，be good with 表"善于应对"。 【避坑技巧】 - be good at = 擅长（be good at doing） - be good for = 对……有好处 - be good with = 善于应对/相处 - 口诀：擅长用 at，好处用 for，应对用 with 【易错6】take off 的多义 ❌ 错误：The plane will take off its coat.（误用） ✅ 正确：The plane will take off.（飞机将要起飞） ✅ 正确：He took off his coat.（他脱下外套） 【错因分析】take off 有两个常见含义：飞机"起飞"（不及物）和"脱下（衣物）"（及物）。 【避坑技巧】 - take off 起飞（飞机、火箭，不及物） - take off 脱下（衣物、鞋帽，及物） - 根据主语和语境判断含义 【易错7】turn on/off 与 open/close 的区别 ❌ 错误：Please open the TV. ✅ 正确：Please turn on the TV. 【错因分析】电器、开关类用 turn on/off；门窗、容器类用 open/close。 【避坑技巧】 - turn on/off + 电器（TV, light, computer, radio） - open/close + 门窗、书本、容器 - 水龙头、煤气多用 turn on/off 栏目三：过关检测 A组·基础达标 I. 用方框内短语的适当形式填空。 look after　turn off　give up　look forward to　take care of 1. Please ______ the lights before you leave the classroom. 2. My grandmother ______ my little sister when my parents are at work. 3. Don't ______ your dream. Keep trying! 4. I am ______ hearing from you. 5. The nurse ______ the old man carefully every day. II. 用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空。 6. We should pay attention to ______ (listen) carefully in class. 7. The bus ______ (arrive) at the station at 8:00 yesterday. 8. She is interested in ______ (collect) stamps. 9. Please remember to turn ______ the TV before going to bed. 10. We are proud ______ our great motherland. B组·能力提升 I. 单项选择。 11. —Where is Tom? —He ______ his keys everywhere, but he can't ______ them. A. looks for; find　　B. looks at; find C. looks after; find　　D. looks up; find 12. If you don't know the new words, you can ______ in the dictionary. A. look for them　　B. look them up C. look up them　　D. look after them 13. The plane will ______ in half an hour. Let's hurry. A. take off　　B. take away　　C. take out　　D. take up 14. She didn't go to school yesterday because she had to ______ her sick mother. A. look for　　B. look after　　C. look up　　D. look over 15. Don't worry. We still have ______ time to catch the train. A. a few　　B. plenty of　　C. a number of　　D. many II. 单句改错（每句只有一处错误）。 16. Please turn off it before you leave the room. 17. She is good for her students and often helps them. 18. We should take part at the school activities. C组·中考实战 I. 语法填空（原创模拟）。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 My best friend Lucy is good 19.______ English. She always pays attention 20.______ (listen) carefully in class. After class, she often 21.______ (look up) new words in the dictionary. Last week, our class 22.______ (take part in) an English speech contest. Lucy 23.______ (look forward to) the contest very much. She practiced hard and she was proud 24.______ herself. At last, she 25.______ (come up with) a wonderful speech. From then on, I decided 26.______ (learn) from her. I believe that if I keep 27.______ (try), I will 28.______ (catch up with) her one day. II. 单项选择（原创模拟，贴近中考难度）。 29. —What did you do last weekend? —I visited my grandparents and ______ them. A. look after　　B. looked after　　C. look for　　D. looked for 30. The teacher asked us to ______ the books and put them in the bookcase. A. put away　　B. put off　　C. put on　　D. put up 31. Don't ______. I'm sure you can make it if you keep trying. A. give up　　B. give away　　C. give out　　D. give in 32. —What should I do with the problem? —______ ask your teacher for help? A. Why not　　B. Why don't　　C. What about　　D. How about 栏目四：答案与解析 【答案速查】 题号 答案 题号 答案 1 turn off 17 for → with 2 looks after 18 at → in 3 give up 19 at 4 looking forward to 20 to listening 5 takes care of 21 looks up 6 listening 22 took part in 7 arrived 23 looked forward to 8 collecting 24 of 9 off 25 came up with 10 of 26 to learn 11 A 27 trying 12 B 28 catch up with 13 A 29 B 14 B 30 A 15 B 31 A 16 turn off it → turn it off 32 A 【详细解析】 A组·基础达标 1. turn off — 离开教室前"关灯"，电器开关用 turn off。 2. looks after — 祖母"照顾"妹妹，主语 my grandmother 为三单，用 looks after。 3. give up — 别"放弃"梦想，give up 后用名词或 doing。 4. looking forward to — be looking forward to 表示"正期待"，to 是介词，后接 doing。 5. takes care of — 护士'照顾'老人，主语 the nurse 为三单，用 takes care of。 6. listening — pay attention to 中的 to 是介词，后接动名词 listening。 7. arrived — arrive at + 小地方（车站），yesterday 提示一般过去时，用 arrived。 8. collecting — be interested in 中的 in 是介词，后接动名词 collecting。 9. off — 关电视用 turn off，turn off the TV。 10. of — be proud of 意为"为……自豪"。 B组·能力提升 11. A — look for 强调"寻找"的过程，find 强调"找到"的结果，故选 A。 12. B — look up 意为"查阅"，代词 them 作宾语须放中间，look them up。 13. A — 飞机"起飞"用 take off，in half an hour 提示将来时。 14. B — 照顾生病的母亲用 look after，与 have to 搭配（had to look after）。 15. B — time 为不可数名词，用 plenty of 修饰；a few/a number of/many 修饰可数名词。 16. turn off it → turn it off — 代词作动词短语宾语须放中间，改为 turn it off。 17. for → with — 对学生好、善于应对学生用 be good with，改为 be good with her students。 18. at → in — 参加活动用 take part in，改为 take part in。 C组·中考实战 19. at — be good at 意为"擅长"，后接英语学科。 20. to listening — pay attention to 中的 to 是介词，后接动名词 listening。 21. looks up — look up 意为"查阅"，主语 she 为三单，often 提示一般现在时，用 looks up。 22. took part in — take part in 意为"参加"，Last week 提示一般过去时，用 took part in。 23. looked forward to — look forward to 意为"期待"，一般过去时用 looked forward to。 24. of — be proud of 意为"为……自豪"。 25. came up with — come up with 意为"想出"，一般过去时用 came up with。 26. to learn — decide to do sth. 意为"决定做某事"。 27. trying — keep doing sth. 意为"坚持做某事"。 28. catch up with — will 后接动词原形，catch up with 意为"赶上"。 29. B — visited 提示一般过去时，照顾用 look after，故选 B（looked after）。 30. A — 把书收好放进书柜用 put away。 31. A — 别放弃，give up 意为"放弃"。 32. A — Why not + 动词原形表示"为什么不……"，提出建议。 附：本讲速记卡 动词短语与固定搭配·核心考点速记 🔹 动词 + 介词口诀： 看听说谈想担心，等求付来学起身；到达归属依靠笑，介词短语要记牢。 🔹 动词 + 副词口诀： 开关放脱取，放弃上车查；代词放中间，名词可中可后。 🔹 三词短语速记： 赶上赶超 catch up with，期待向往 look forward to， 想出提出 come up with，相处融洽 get along with， 继续下去 go on with，用完耗尽 run out of， 擅长做好 do well in，交个朋友 make friends with。 🔹 be + 形容词 + 介词口诀： 擅长善待对有益，感兴趣来喜欢上； 厌倦自豪又害怕，生气满意忙严格； 严格对人用 with，严格对事用 in。 🔹 易混辨析口诀： look for 寻找找过程，find 找到是结果； hear from 收信人，hear of 听说事； arrive in 大城市，arrive at 小地方； be good at 擅长，for 好处，with 应对。 🔹 高频固定搭配： at once 立刻，at last 最后，at least 至少； in time 及时，on time 准时； in fact 事实上，in danger 危险中； as soon as 一……就，as long as 只要，so that 以便。 本讲结束——完成以上练习后，建议对照解析逐题订正，将错题记录到"易错本"中，考前重点复习。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $