Unit4～Unit5（篇综合练）英语人教版必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦人与社会、人与自然主题，整合完形填空、阅读理解及七选五题型，通过真题训练提升语篇综合理解能力 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |完形填空|15题（台风灾后援助）|语境词汇辨析与语篇连贯|以灾后重建叙事串联词汇运用，培养语言理解与表达能力| |阅读A|4题（极端气候）|细节理解与主旨归纳|通过不同地域气候案例，构建人与自然的认知框架，提升文化意识| |阅读B|4题（犬类习语）|词义推断与文化溯源|结合习语来源解析，渗透语言与文化关联，发展思维品质| |阅读C|4题（推断性沟通）|逻辑推理与语境分析|以日常情境阐释非语言沟通，强化信息整合与批判性思维| |阅读七选五|5题（野火防护）|篇章结构与逻辑衔接|围绕防护步骤构建语篇框架，提升信息组织与学习能力|

专题02 Unit4~Unit5（语篇综合练） （建议用时：40分钟） 完形填空 人与社会：台风灾后援助与村庄重建 阅读 A 人与自然：世界各地的极端气候 阅读 B 人与社会：英语中的犬类习语及其来源 阅读 C 人与社会：语言、语境与推断性沟通 阅读七选五 人与自然：家庭野火防护与撤离准备 一、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （25-26高一下·广东江门·期中）I arrived at this village in Asia two weeks ago with a group of classmates from Ohio University. You may have seen news reports about the (1) ________. We are here to help the villagers (2) ________ from the recent typhoon. Although we were told what to expect, it was still (3) ________ to get used to the seriousness of the situation. For example, we have to (4) ________ water every day to make it safe to drink. There is no extra (5) ________, so we stay in tents. There is also no (6) ________, which means there are no refrigerators or lights. In addition to providing food for the (7) ________, we must feed ourselves. This takes creativity because we have to (8) ________ over a fire and it rains heavily on most days. (9) ________, we have adjusted and are doing well. Besides helping (10) ________ the village and save the harvest, we have also carried out (11) ________ development work. The farmers used to go to a well every morning to get (12) ________ for their fields. We helped (13) ________ a new irrigation canal, so watering the fields is now (14) ________. Hopefully, we can complete other (15) ________ to improve the village infrastructure before we leave. 1．A．accident B．disaster C．development D．behaviour 2．A．recover B．hear C．come D．suffer 3．A．quick B．difficult C．surprising D．strange 4．A．boil B．save C．pour D．research 5．A．transport B．food C．clothes D．housing 6．A．shop B．forest C．electricity D．atmosphere 7．A．reporters B．teachers C．soldiers D．villagers 8．A．play B．jump C．cook D．sing 9．A．Suddenly B．Luckily C．Generally D．Actually 10．A．rebuild B．research C．record D．recommend 11．A．heavy B．rapid C．regular D．long-term 12．A．paper B．power C．water D．help 13．A．build B．give up C．pick up D．use up 14．A．easier B．busier C．slower D．louder 15．A．studies B．standards C．projects D．titles 二、阅读理解 A （25-26高一上·贵州安顺·期末）The Earth is home to many places with extraordinary and often extreme climates. In these locations, daily life is shaped by the need to adapt to harsh environmental conditions. From burning deserts to ice-bound settlements, nature displays remarkable power and diversity. Deep in the Sahara Desert lies Araouane, Mali, one of the hottest places on the planet. Summers are extremely long and tough, and daytime temperatures in the hottest months often rise above 40°C. Strong winds regularly sweep across the dry land, causing repeated sandstorms. Even with such intense summer heat, winter offers much milder weather for outdoor activities. At the other extreme is Oymyakon, Russia, one of the coldest inhabited areas in the world. Winter temperatures usually stay around −50°C, and official weather records include a low of about −67.8°C in 1933. In the depth of winter, daylight lasts only three hours a day. Because the ground stays frozen all year, farming is extremely limited; local food therefore often includes fish, some of it eaten raw or frozen. Yet summer can be surprisingly warm and wet, with temperatures reaching 34°C. Not far from Oymyakon is Verkhoyansk, often called the “cold pole”. Recorded temperatures there have ranged from below −60°C in winter to 38°C in summer, creating a total range of more than 100°C. The area also experiences polar days and polar nights. Closer to home, Xining in China is known for sharp daily temperature changes, especially in April. On an unusually warm April afternoon, the temperature may approach 24°C, but by nightfall it can drop close to 0°C, so both light and warm clothing may be needed. People can experience two different seasons in a single day. 1．What problem do strong winds cause in Araouane? A．Colder winters. B．Frequent sandstorms. C．Higher summer temperatures. D．Damage to winter activity areas. 2．Why do local people in Oymyakon include raw fish in their diet? A．Raw fish is their most popular festival food. B．Winter daylight lasts only three hours. C．Summer is usually warm and wet. D．The ground remains frozen throughout the year. 3．What should visitors to Xining prepare for in April? A．Only summer clothing. B．Only a heavy winter coat. C．Both light and warm clothing. D．Almost no temperature change. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Places with Extraordinary and Extreme Climates B．Why All Extreme Climates Are Dangerous C．The Coldest Settlements on Earth D．Daily Temperature Changes in China B （25-26高一上·广东汕头·期末）It is no surprise that English contains many expressions and phrases about dogs. Dogs have been close partners of humans for thousands of years, and observations of their behaviour have inspired people to bring their characteristics into language. Did your roommates make a terrible mess of the room while you were away? You could describe the result as “a dog’s breakfast”. This British phrase means a disorganised state or a bad mixture of things. It dates from a time when people fed dogs leftovers and whatever food happened to be available for breakfast. By contrast, someone “dressed like a dog’s dinner” is overdressed or dressed in an unsuitable way. You would be “barking up the wrong tree” if you followed a mistaken idea or course of action. The phrase comes from hunting raccoons (浣熊) with dogs. Sometimes a raccoon fooled the dogs, which crowded around one tree and barked loudly without realising that the quarry had escaped by another route. Dog images are also used to describe weather. The “dog days” are the hottest days of the year, when people may feel lazy and unable to make much effort. Ancient Romans noticed that the worst summer heat seemed to arrive with Sirius, the “dog star”, in the Canis Major constellation (大犬座). An Australian expression describes an extremely cold night as a “three-dog night”, referring to the old practice of sleeping beside dogs for warmth. Dog-related idioms remain common in everyday English, and the stories behind them offer an interesting journey into language and history. 1．Why does English contain many dog-related idioms? A．Dogs can understand most human expressions. B．People’s long observation of dogs inspired the language. C．English speakers prefer dogs to all other animals. D．Dogs created special sounds for human activities. 2．Which situation could be called “a dog’s breakfast”? A．A carefully prepared meal. B．A kitchen left in a complete mess. C．A person wearing formal clothes. D．A disappointing but tidy result. 3．What does the word “quarry” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The raccoon. B．The tree. C．The dog. D．The hunter. 4．How did the expression “dog days” originate? A．Dogs became less active every summer. B．Romans used dogs to predict rainfall. C．Dogs slept outside on the hottest days. D．The hottest period appeared with the “dog star”. C （25-26高一下·吉林长春·期中）It is a classic complaint in relationships: “She said she was fine with me forgetting her birthday. Then why is she slamming dishes into the sink? Are the two things connected?” The answer is yes. Communication involves more than words. Meaning also depends on tone, order and context. Consider these two sentences: “Peter got angry and Mary left” and “Mary left and Peter got angry.” The words are almost identical, but the order suggests different causes and therefore different meanings. Human language is not a simple code. A true code has a one-to-one relationship between a signal and its meaning. Human communication works differently because listeners understand not only the words but also the context in which they are spoken. This is called inferential communication (推断性沟通). Irony shows how efficiently context can carry meaning. After a boring party, Mary may say, “That was fun.” She is not literally praising the party. Nor is she merely replacing “fun” with “boring”. Her tone and the shared situation allow three short words to express a complex feeling. Researchers argue that human language became so powerful because people have both language and the ability to interpret the mental states (心理状态) of others. We naturally search for context around the words we hear, and good communication requires us to read beyond the words themselves. 1．What does the complaint in paragraph 1 mainly illustrate? A．Important dates are difficult to remember. B．Spoken words may not express the whole meaning. C．Couples should avoid indirect communication. D．Anger is the main cause of misunderstanding. 2．What makes human language different from a simple code? A．Meaning also depends on context and inference. B．Every word has only one fixed definition. C．Speakers and listeners always share exactly the same code. D．Human language avoids changes in word order. 3．What does Mary’s “That was fun” show about irony? A．It always states the exact opposite of the truth. B．It requires a long explanation to express emotion. C．It prevents listeners from using contextual clues. D．A few words can communicate a complex meaning. 4．What does the author suggest listeners should do? A．Focus only on dictionary meanings. B．Ignore changes in tone and word order. C．Read beyond the words and consider context. D．Avoid all ironic expressions. 三、阅读七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （23-24高二上·四川成都·开学考试）How to Prepare for a Wildfire Before you can prepare effectively, it is important to understand how wildfires damage homes. Many people imagine that a wall of flames moves across the landscape and directly burns every building. (1) ________ Now that you understand the danger better, here are practical steps to protect your home and family. (2) ________ Creating defensible space (防火隔离区) around your home forms a barrier against flames. Home hardening (房屋防火加固) means using fire-resistant materials. Investing in these measures can greatly reduce the chance that a home will be destroyed by wildfire. Remove dead tree branches Like dry leaves, dead branches can catch fire quickly. If any are hanging from trees or lying in your yard, remove them as soon as possible. The same rule applies after removal: (3) ________ Create an evacuation plan Families should discuss and practise an evacuation plan well before an emergency. Knowing when to leave and being able to move quickly are crucial. (4) ________ Then plan both a main and an alternative route, and store emergency supplies where they can be reached quickly. Make sure gutters (檐沟) are made of metal (5) ________ Add metal gutter covers to reduce leaves and wind-blown debris. This helps prevent material from burning inside the gutters and spreading fire to the house. A．Do not store the removed branches close to the house B．Replace plastic gutters with metal ones C．Keep every window open during the fire D．Wildfire preparation is unnecessary in a city E．Build defensible space and harden your home F．First, choose a meeting place for all family members G．In fact, tiny burning objects carried by wind destroy many homes 5 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 Unit4~Unit5（语篇综合练） （建议用时：40分钟） 完形填空 人与社会：台风灾后援助与村庄重建 阅读 A 人与自然：世界各地的极端气候 阅读 B 人与社会：英语中的犬类习语及其来源 阅读 C 人与社会：语言、语境与推断性沟通 阅读七选五 人与自然：家庭野火防护与撤离准备 一、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （25-26高一下·广东江门·期中）I arrived at this village in Asia two weeks ago with a group of classmates from Ohio University. You may have seen news reports about the (1) ________. We are here to help the villagers (2) ________ from the recent typhoon. Although we were told what to expect, it was still (3) ________ to get used to the seriousness of the situation. For example, we have to (4) ________ water every day to make it safe to drink. There is no extra (5) ________, so we stay in tents. There is also no (6) ________, which means there are no refrigerators or lights. In addition to providing food for the (7) ________, we must feed ourselves. This takes creativity because we have to (8) ________ over a fire and it rains heavily on most days. (9) ________, we have adjusted and are doing well. Besides helping (10) ________ the village and save the harvest, we have also carried out (11) ________ development work. The farmers used to go to a well every morning to get (12) ________ for their fields. We helped (13) ________ a new irrigation canal, so watering the fields is now (14) ________. Hopefully, we can complete other (15) ________ to improve the village infrastructure before we leave. 【方法点拨】先通读掌握故事主线，再结合词义、搭配、逻辑关系和前后照应逐空判断；不要孤立看一句。 1．A．accident B．disaster C．development D．behaviour 2．A．recover B．hear C．come D．suffer 3．A．quick B．difficult C．surprising D．strange 4．A．boil B．save C．pour D．research 5．A．transport B．food C．clothes D．housing 6．A．shop B．forest C．electricity D．atmosphere 7．A．reporters B．teachers C．soldiers D．villagers 8．A．play B．jump C．cook D．sing 9．A．Suddenly B．Luckily C．Generally D．Actually 10．A．rebuild B．research C．record D．recommend 11．A．heavy B．rapid C．regular D．long-term 12．A．paper B．power C．water D．help 13．A．build B．give up C．pick up D．use up 14．A．easier B．busier C．slower D．louder 15．A．studies B．standards C．projects D．titles 【答案】1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.B 10.A 11.D 12.C 13.A 14.A 15.C 【详解】 1．考查名词词义辨析。后文明确出现recent typhoon，台风造成的事件应概括为disaster“灾难”。accident通常指意外事故，development和behaviour分别表示发展和行为，均不能指台风灾情。故选B。 2．考查动词及固定搭配。recover from意为“从……中恢复”，正好描述村民从台风灾害中恢复。hear from表示收到来信；come from表示来自；suffer from表示遭受，语义方向不同。故选A。 3．考查形容词和让步逻辑。Although说明“虽然事先知道可能面对什么”，但真正适应灾情严重程度仍然difficult“困难”。quick不能形容get used to的难度，surprising和strange不如difficult符合让步后的实际感受。故选B。 4．考查动词词义和生活常识。后文to make it safe to drink说明处理水的目的是确保饮用安全，灾后常需boil water“把水煮沸”杀菌。save、pour、research都不能直接使水达到安全饮用标准。故选A。 5．考查名词和因果关系。后文so we stay in tents表明没有额外的居住条件，因此缺少housing“住房”。transport、food、clothes均不能直接推出住帐篷这一结果。故选D。 6．考查名词和解释关系。空后“没有冰箱或灯”是缺少electricity“电”的具体表现。shop、forest、atmosphere与电器无法工作没有直接关系。故选C。 7．考查名词和指代。志愿者来到受灾村庄帮助当地居民，因此提供食物的对象是villagers。reporters、teachers、soldiers都未在文中出现，也不是本次救援的主要对象。故选D。 8．考查动词和搭配。feed ourselves说明要解决吃饭问题，over a fire表示在火上操作，最自然的搭配是cook over a fire“生火做饭”。play、jump、sing均与食物和火无关。故选C。 9．考查副词和语篇逻辑。前文连续列举缺水、缺房、缺电和大雨等困难，后文说“已经适应并进展顺利”，Luckily表示令人欣慰的转折。Suddenly、Generally、Actually均不能准确表达这种积极转折。故选B。 10．考查动词和灾后语境。台风后需要rebuild the village“重建村庄”，并与save the harvest并列。research、record、recommend都不能表达修复受损村庄的行动。故选A。 11．考查形容词和上下文。修建灌溉渠、改善基础设施的效果会持续较长时间，属于long-term development work“长期发展工作”。heavy、rapid、regular不能准确说明这类工程的长期价值。故选D。 12．考查名词和用途判断。农民每天去井边取东西用于fields，后文又出现watering the fields，因此只能是water。paper、power、help都不能从井中取得并用于灌溉。故选C。 13．考查动词和搭配。a new irrigation canal需要“修建”，build a canal搭配自然。give up、pick up、use up分别表示放弃、捡起和用完，均无法支配canal表达工程建设。故选A。 14．考查形容词比较级和结果关系。新灌溉渠建成后，浇地条件得到改善，所以watering the fields变得easier。busier、slower、louder与基础设施改善的结果不符。故选A。 15．考查名词和上义词。改善村庄基础设施通常需要完成多个工程projects，灌溉渠就是其中一个具体项目。studies、standards、titles不能概括这些建设任务。故选C。 二、阅读理解 A （25-26高一上·贵州安顺·期末）The Earth is home to many places with extraordinary and often extreme climates. In these locations, daily life is shaped by the need to adapt to harsh environmental conditions. From burning deserts to ice-bound settlements, nature displays remarkable power and diversity. Deep in the Sahara Desert lies Araouane, Mali, one of the hottest places on the planet. Summers are extremely long and tough, and daytime temperatures in the hottest months often rise above 40°C. Strong winds regularly sweep across the dry land, causing repeated sandstorms. Even with such intense summer heat, winter offers much milder weather for outdoor activities. At the other extreme is Oymyakon, Russia, one of the coldest inhabited areas in the world. Winter temperatures usually stay around −50°C, and official weather records include a low of about −67.8°C in 1933. In the depth of winter, daylight lasts only three hours a day. Because the ground stays frozen all year, farming is extremely limited; local food therefore often includes fish, some of it eaten raw or frozen. Yet summer can be surprisingly warm and wet, with temperatures reaching 34°C. Not far from Oymyakon is Verkhoyansk, often called the “cold pole”. Recorded temperatures there have ranged from below −60°C in winter to 38°C in summer, creating a total range of more than 100°C. The area also experiences polar days and polar nights. Closer to home, Xining in China is known for sharp daily temperature changes, especially in April. On an unusually warm April afternoon, the temperature may approach 24°C, but by nightfall it can drop close to 0°C, so both light and warm clothing may be needed. People can experience two different seasons in a single day. 【方法点拨】先读题干圈关键词，再回原文定位；正确项通常是同义转述，干扰项常见错误是偷换对象、范围过大或无中生有。 1．What problem do strong winds cause in Araouane? A．Colder winters. B．Frequent sandstorms. C．Higher summer temperatures. D．Damage to winter activity areas. 【答案】B 【详解】细节理解题。定位第二段“Strong winds regularly sweep across the dry land, causing repeated sandstorms”，cause与题干cause直接对应，repeated sandstorms即frequent sandstorms。A、C、D均不是强风造成的结果。故选B。 2．Why do local people in Oymyakon include raw fish in their diet? A．Raw fish is their most popular festival food. B．Winter daylight lasts only three hours. C．Summer is usually warm and wet. D．The ground remains frozen throughout the year. 【答案】D 【详解】因果细节题。第三段由Because引出原因：“the ground stays frozen all year, farming is extremely limited”，随后说明当地食物常包括生的或冻的鱼。D抓住根本原因；B只是冬季日照特点，C是夏季情况，A文中未提。故选D。 3．What should visitors to Xining prepare for in April? A．Only summer clothing. B．Only a heavy winter coat. C．Both light and warm clothing. D．Almost no temperature change. 【答案】C 【详解】推理判断题。末段给出同一天接近24℃与接近0℃的巨大温差，并明确说“both light and warm clothing may be needed”。C是原文直接结论。A、B只准备一种衣物，D与sharp daily temperature changes相反。故选C。 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Places with Extraordinary and Extreme Climates B．Why All Extreme Climates Are Dangerous C．The Coldest Settlements on Earth D．Daily Temperature Changes in China 【答案】A 【详解】主旨标题题。首段总领“extraordinary and often extreme climates”，正文依次介绍炎热、严寒、超大年温差和显著日温差的地点。A覆盖所有案例。B把极端气候一概说成危险，C只涵盖寒冷地区，D只涵盖西宁，范围均过窄。故选A。 B （25-26高一上·广东汕头·期末）It is no surprise that English contains many expressions and phrases about dogs. Dogs have been close partners of humans for thousands of years, and observations of their behaviour have inspired people to bring their characteristics into language. Did your roommates make a terrible mess of the room while you were away? You could describe the result as “a dog’s breakfast”. This British phrase means a disorganised state or a bad mixture of things. It dates from a time when people fed dogs leftovers and whatever food happened to be available for breakfast. By contrast, someone “dressed like a dog’s dinner” is overdressed or dressed in an unsuitable way. You would be “barking up the wrong tree” if you followed a mistaken idea or course of action. The phrase comes from hunting raccoons (浣熊) with dogs. Sometimes a raccoon fooled the dogs, which crowded around one tree and barked loudly without realising that the quarry had escaped by another route. Dog images are also used to describe weather. The “dog days” are the hottest days of the year, when people may feel lazy and unable to make much effort. Ancient Romans noticed that the worst summer heat seemed to arrive with Sirius, the “dog star”, in the Canis Major constellation (大犬座). An Australian expression describes an extremely cold night as a “three-dog night”, referring to the old practice of sleeping beside dogs for warmth. Dog-related idioms remain common in everyday English, and the stories behind them offer an interesting journey into language and history. 1．Why does English contain many dog-related idioms? A．Dogs can understand most human expressions. B．People’s long observation of dogs inspired the language. C．English speakers prefer dogs to all other animals. D．Dogs created special sounds for human activities. 【答案】B 【详解】细节理解题。首段指出人类与狗长期相伴，对狗行为的观察“inspired people to bring their characteristics into language”。B是该句同义转述。A、C、D均添加了原文没有的绝对化或因果信息。故选B。 2．Which situation could be called “a dog’s breakfast”? A．A carefully prepared meal. B．A kitchen left in a complete mess. C．A person wearing formal clothes. D．A disappointing but tidy result. 【答案】B 【详解】词义应用题。第二段把a dog’s breakfast解释为“a disorganised state or a bad mixture of things”，因此“厨房一片狼藉”最符合。A强调精心准备，C对应dressed like a dog’s dinner，D中的tidy与disorganised相反。故选B。 3．What does the word “quarry” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The raccoon. B．The tree. C．The dog. D．The hunter. 【答案】A 【详解】词义猜测题。前文说狗帮助猎raccoons，随后“一只浣熊骗过狗”，狗围着错误的树叫，却没意识到quarry已从另一条路逃走。根据捕猎场景和动作承接，quarry指被追捕的猎物，即raccoon。tree是地点，dog是追捕者，hunter未在该句作逃跑者。故选A。 4．How did the expression “dog days” originate? A．Dogs became less active every summer. B．Romans used dogs to predict rainfall. C．Dogs slept outside on the hottest days. D．The hottest period appeared with the “dog star”. 【答案】D 【详解】细节理解题。第四段说明古罗马人注意到盛夏酷热似乎与Sirius“dog star”的出现同时发生，因此形成dog days这一说法。D准确概括。A、B、C均未说明天狼星这一历史来源。故选D。 C （25-26高一下·吉林长春·期中）It is a classic complaint in relationships: “She said she was fine with me forgetting her birthday. Then why is she slamming dishes into the sink? Are the two things connected?” The answer is yes. Communication involves more than words. Meaning also depends on tone, order and context. Consider these two sentences: “Peter got angry and Mary left” and “Mary left and Peter got angry.” The words are almost identical, but the order suggests different causes and therefore different meanings. Human language is not a simple code. A true code has a one-to-one relationship between a signal and its meaning. Human communication works differently because listeners understand not only the words but also the context in which they are spoken. This is called inferential communication (推断性沟通). Irony shows how efficiently context can carry meaning. After a boring party, Mary may say, “That was fun.” She is not literally praising the party. Nor is she merely replacing “fun” with “boring”. Her tone and the shared situation allow three short words to express a complex feeling. Researchers argue that human language became so powerful because people have both language and the ability to interpret the mental states (心理状态) of others. We naturally search for context around the words we hear, and good communication requires us to read beyond the words themselves. 1．What does the complaint in paragraph 1 mainly illustrate? A．Important dates are difficult to remember. B．Spoken words may not express the whole meaning. C．Couples should avoid indirect communication. D．Anger is the main cause of misunderstanding. 【答案】B 【详解】推理判断题。人物口头说“fine”，但随后用力把餐具放进水槽，语言和行为传递的信息不一致；第二段随即总结“Communication involves more than words”。因此该例说明字面话语未必表达全部含义，选B。A、C、D都把例子过度具体化或绝对化。故选B。 2．What makes human language different from a simple code? A．Meaning also depends on context and inference. B．Every word has only one fixed definition. C．Speakers and listeners always share exactly the same code. D．Human language avoids changes in word order. 【答案】A 【详解】细节理解题。第三段先说明简单编码是一一对应关系，再用Human communication works differently转折，指出听者还会理解语境，这就是inferential communication。A概括“语境＋推断”。B、C描述的正是简单编码，D与第二段“word order影响意义”相反。故选A。 3．What does Mary’s “That was fun” show about irony? A．It always states the exact opposite of the truth. B．It requires a long explanation to express emotion. C．It prevents listeners from using contextual clues. D．A few words can communicate a complex meaning. 【答案】D 【详解】推理判断题。聚会很无聊，但Mary说“That was fun”，听者凭语调和共同情境理解其复杂态度。原文强调“three short words to express a complex feeling”，D为直接同义转述。A把反语简化为永远说反话，B、C均与语境作用相反。故选D。 4．What does the author suggest listeners should do? A．Focus only on dictionary meanings. B．Ignore changes in tone and word order. C．Read beyond the words and consider context. D．Avoid all ironic expressions. 【答案】C 【详解】观点态度题。末句明确提出“good communication requires us to read beyond the words themselves”，并在全文反复强调tone、order和context。因此听者应超越字面词义，结合语境理解，选C。A、B忽略语境，D则把作者的分析误解为禁止反语。故选C。 三、阅读七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 【方法点拨】先判断空格在段落中的功能，再利用代词指代、原词复现、逻辑连接词和上下句结构锁定答案。 （23-24高二上·四川成都·开学考试）How to Prepare for a Wildfire Before you can prepare effectively, it is important to understand how wildfires damage homes. Many people imagine that a wall of flames moves across the landscape and directly burns every building. (1) ________ Now that you understand the danger better, here are practical steps to protect your home and family. (2) ________ Creating defensible space (防火隔离区) around your home forms a barrier against flames. Home hardening (房屋防火加固) means using fire-resistant materials. Investing in these measures can greatly reduce the chance that a home will be destroyed by wildfire. Remove dead tree branches Like dry leaves, dead branches can catch fire quickly. If any are hanging from trees or lying in your yard, remove them as soon as possible. The same rule applies after removal: (3) ________ Create an evacuation plan Families should discuss and practise an evacuation plan well before an emergency. Knowing when to leave and being able to move quickly are crucial. (4) ________ Then plan both a main and an alternative route, and store emergency supplies where they can be reached quickly. Make sure gutters (檐沟) are made of metal (5) ________ Add metal gutter covers to reduce leaves and wind-blown debris. This helps prevent material from burning inside the gutters and spreading fire to the house. A．Do not store the removed branches close to the house B．Replace plastic gutters with metal ones C．Keep every window open during the fire D．Wildfire preparation is unnecessary in a city E．Build defensible space and harden your home F．First, choose a meeting place for all family members G．In fact, tiny burning objects carried by wind destroy many homes 【答案】1.G 2.E 3.A 4.F 5.B 【详解】 1．空前介绍常见误解：人们以为整面火墙直接烧毁房屋；空后说“现在你更了解危险”。G用In fact纠正前句，并指出真正威胁是风携带的微小燃烧物，形成“误解—事实”的转折。C、D与科学防火常识及后文不符。故选G。 2．空格单独成行，是下段小标题。下文先解释defensible space，再解释home hardening，两组关键词与E完全复现，因此E能概括整段。其余选项不能同时统领两项措施。故选E。 3．前文要求把枯枝从树上和院子里清除，The same rule applies after removal表示移除后仍需注意存放位置。A说明不能把枯枝堆在房屋附近，避免可燃物继续威胁住宅，逻辑完整。故选A。 4．本段讲撤离计划，空后用Then继续列出路线和物资。F以First开头，先确定全家集合地点，与Then构成明确的步骤顺序，同时内容属于家庭撤离计划。故选F。 5．小标题明确要求檐沟使用金属材料，空后又说添加metal gutter covers。B提出把塑料檐沟换成金属檐沟，既回应标题，又自然引出后续金属盖措施。其他选项与檐沟材质无关。故选B。 2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $