2026年中考重难点语法第7讲 定语从句：中考先行词与关系词【匹配法则】&过关检测

该初中英语讲义聚焦中考定语从句核心考点，涵盖关系代词（who/which/that/whose）、关系副词、that与which特殊用法及主谓一致等考查重点，通过知识导图构建概念体系，考点清单明确星级与考查形式，结合“三步匹配法”“避坑口诀”等方法指导，设计考点梳理、易错点拨、分层检测（基础达标/能力提升/中考实战）环节，帮助学生系统突破难点。 亮点在于“三步匹配法”精准定位关系词，如通过“找先行词—辨人/物—判成分”快速解题，“只用that口诀”强化特殊用法记忆，分层训练适配不同学生水平，结合思维品质培养与学习能力提升，教师可依托答案解析把控复习节奏，助力学生高效掌握考点，提升中考应考能力。

中考重点点语法第7讲 定语从句：中考先行词与关系词"匹配法则"&过关检测 栏目一：考点梳理 ① 知识导图 定语从句 ├── 基本概念 │ ├── 定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句 │ ├── 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词/代词 │ └── 关系词：连接主句与从句，代替先行词 ├── 关系代词 │ ├── who：先行词是人，作主语 │ ├── whom：先行词是人，作宾语 │ ├── whose：先行词是人/物，作定语（……的） │ ├── which：先行词是物，作主语/宾语 │ └── that：先行词是人/物，作主语/宾语 ├── 关系副词（了解） │ ├── when：先行词是时间名词 │ ├── where：先行词是地点名词 │ └── why：先行词是 reason ├── 关系词选择"三步匹配法" │ ├── 第一步：找准先行词 │ ├── 第二步：判断先行词是人还是物 │ └── 第三步：判断关系词在从句中充当的成分 ├── that 与 which 的特殊用法 │ ├── 只能用 that 的情况 │ └── 只能用 which 的情况 └── 中考高频考点 ├── who/which/that 的基本用法 ├── whose 的用法 └── 定语从句中主谓一致 ② 考点清单 星级 考点 考查形式 ★★★ who / which / that 的基本用法与选择 单项选择、语法填空 ★★ whose 的用法 单项选择 ★★ 只能用 that 的特殊情况 单项选择 ★★ 定语从句中的主谓一致 单项选择 ★ 关系副词 when / where / why 单项选择 ★ 定语从句与先行词的间隔 语法填空 ③ 核心讲解 考点1：定语从句的基本概念（★） 定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句。 术语 含义 示例 先行词 被修饰的名词/代词 The man who is talking is my teacher. 中 the man 是先行词 关系词 引导从句并代替先行词 who is talking 中的 who 定语从句 起修饰限定作用 who is talking 修饰 the man 基本结构： 先行词 + 关系词 + 从句（主语/谓语...） 示例： • The boy who is playing basketball is Tom.（先行词 the boy 是人，who 作主语） • The book which I bought yesterday is interesting.（先行词 the book 是物，which 作宾语） 考点2：关系代词的基本用法（★★★） 关系代词 先行词 在从句中作 示例 who 人 主语 The girl who is singing is my sister. whom 人 宾语 The man whom you met is my uncle. whose 人/物 定语（……的） I know the boy whose father is a doctor. which 物 主语/宾语 The house which stands there is old. that 人/物 主语/宾语 The film that we saw was great. ① who —— 先行词是人，在从句中作主语 • The man who lives next door is a doctor. • I have a friend who can speak three languages. 注意：who 在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数与先行词保持一致。 - The man who lives next door...（man 是单数） - The people who live here...（people 是复数） ② whom —— 先行词是人，在从句中作宾语 • The man whom you saw is my father. • The teacher whom we like best is Miss Li. 注意：中考中 whom 作宾语时可用 who 或 that 代替，可省略。 - The man (whom/who/that) you saw is my father. ③ whose —— 先行词是人或物，在从句中作定语 • I know the boy whose mother is a nurse.（先行词是人） • The house whose windows are broken is empty.（先行词是物） 核心：whose + 名词 = the + 名词 + of whom/which - whose mother = the mother of whom ④ which —— 先行词是物，在从句中作主语或宾语 成分 示例 作主语 The tree which stands by the river is very old. 作宾语 The film which we saw last night was exciting. ⑤ that —— 先行词是人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语 先行词 成分 示例 人 主语 The boy that is reading is Tom. 人 宾语 The person that I met was kind. 物 主语 The car that is parking outside is new. 物 宾语 The gift that I received was special. 考点3：关系词选择"三步匹配法"（★★★） 第一步：找准先行词 —— 定语从句前被修饰的名词或代词。 第二步：判断先行词是人还是物 —— 锁定可选关系词范围。 第三步：判断关系词在从句中充当的成分 —— 主语/宾语/定语，最终确定关系词。 先行词 作主语 作宾语 作定语 人 who / that whom / who / that（可省略） whose 物 which / that which / that（可省略） whose 示例分析： The woman ______ is standing there is my aunt. 第一步：先行词 the woman（人） 第二步：可选 who / that 第三步：关系词在从句中作主语，用 who 或 that 答案：who / that The book ______ I read last week is very good. 第一步：先行词 the book（物） 第二步：可选 which / that 第三步：关系词在从句中作宾语（I read the book），用 which / that，可省略 答案：which / that / 不填 考点4：只能用 that 的特殊情况（★★） 情况 示例 先行词被最高级修饰 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 先行词被序数词修饰 The first place that we visited was the Great Wall. 先行词被 the only / the very / the last 修饰 He is the only person that can help us. 先行词是 all / everything / nothing / something / anything / few / little / much / none 等 All that I know is from books. 先行词被 all / every / no / some / any / few / little / much 修饰 I've read all the books that you gave me. 先行词中既有人又有物 They talked about the people and things that they remembered. 以 who / which 开头的疑问句 Who is the boy that is playing the piano? 口诀： 最高级，序数词，the only、very、last； all、much、little、few，不定代词和 all 修饰； 又有人来又有物，who/which 问句中， 只用 that 记心间。 考点5：只能用 which 的特殊情况（★） 情况 示例 介词后 This is the house in which he lived. 非限制性定语从句中（有逗号隔开） The book, which I bought yesterday, is very good. 中考注意：非限制性定语从句在中考中出现频率较低，主要掌握"介词 + which"即可。 考点6：定语从句中的主谓一致（★★） 核心规则：定语从句中谓语动词的数与先行词保持一致，而不是与关系词保持一致。 示例 说明 The boy who plays basketball every day is Tom. 先行词 boy 单数 → 谓语 plays The boys who play basketball every day are from Class 3. 先行词 boys 复数 → 谓语 play I, who am your friend, will help you. 先行词 I → 谓语 am She is one of the students who are good at English. 先行词 students 复数 → 谓语 are She is the only one of the students who is good at English. 先行词 one（被 the only 修饰）→ 谓语 is 考点7：关系副词 when / where / why（了解）（★） 关系副词 先行词 在从句中作 示例 when 时间名词 时间状语 I remember the day when we first met. where 地点名词 地点状语 This is the house where he was born. why reason 原因状语 That's the reason why he was late. 中考注意：关系副词在部分地区中考中不作重点考查，了解即可。 栏目二：易错点拨 【易错1】关系词在从句中作主语还是宾语判断错误 ❌ 错误：The man which is standing there is my father. ✅ 正确：The man who/that is standing there is my father. 【错因分析】先行词 the man 是人，不用 which；关系词在从句中作主语，不能省略。 【避坑技巧】 先判断先行词是"人"还是"物"： - 人 → who / that（作主语），who / whom / that（作宾语） - 物 → which / that（作主语或宾语） 再判断关系词在从句中是否充当主语：从句缺主语时关系词不可省略；从句已有主语时关系词作宾语，可省略。 【易错2】定语从句中的主谓一致 ❌ 错误：The girl who are singing is my classmate. ✅ 正确：The girl who is singing is my classmate. 【错因分析】从句谓语应与先行词 the girl（单数）保持一致，而不是看 who。 【避坑技巧】 定语从句谓语单复数取决于先行词： - 先行词单数 → 从句谓语单数 - 先行词复数 → 从句谓语复数 【易错3】that 与 who / which 的混淆 ❌ 错误：The first book which I read was interesting. ✅ 正确：The first book that I read was interesting. 【错因分析】先行词被序数词 first 修饰时，关系词只能用 that。 【避坑技巧】 牢记"只能用 that 的七种情况"：最高级、序数词、the only/very/last、不定代词、all/every/no/some/any 等修饰、既有人又有物、who/which 开头的疑问句。 【易错4】whose 的误用 ❌ 错误：I know the boy whose is playing basketball. ✅ 正确：I know the boy who/that is playing basketball. ✅ 正确：I know the boy whose brother is playing basketball. 【错因分析】whose 在从句中作定语，后面必须接名词，不能单独使用。 【避坑技巧】 whose + 名词 = "……的" - whose book（谁的书） - whose mother（谁的妈妈） - 如果从句缺主语用 who/that，不用 whose 【易错5】介词后关系词的选择 ❌ 错误：This is the house in that he lived. ✅ 正确：This is the house in which he lived. 【错因分析】介词后不能用 that，只能用 which（指物）或 whom（指人）。 【避坑技巧】 - 介词 + which（先行词是物） - 介词 + whom（先行词是人） - 介词后不能用 that，也不能用 who 【易错6】从句中重复出现先行词的含义 ❌ 错误：The book that I bought it yesterday is good. ✅ 正确：The book that I bought yesterday is good. 【错因分析】关系词 that 已经代替先行词在从句中作宾语，不能再加 it。 【避坑技巧】 定语从句中关系词已代替先行词充当成分，从句中不能再重复出现先行词对应的代词。 栏目三：过关检测 A组·基础达标 I. 用 who / which / that / whom / whose 填空（可多选时写出所有可能答案）。 1. The boy ______ is playing football is my brother. 2. The book ______ is on the desk is mine. 3. The girl ______ mother is a teacher studies very hard. 4. I like the teacher ______ you met yesterday. 5. The house ______ we visited last week is very old. II. 将下列两句合并为一句（含定语从句）。 6. The man is my uncle. He is wearing a blue shirt. → The man ______ ______ wearing a blue shirt is my uncle. 7. I lost the pen. My mother bought it for me. → I lost the pen ______ my mother bought for me. 8. The girl is very kind. Her name is Lucy. → The girl ______ ______ is Lucy is very kind. 9. This is the factory. My father works in it. → This is the factory ______ my father works in. 10. The movie was exciting. We saw it last night. → The movie ______ we saw last night was exciting. B组·能力提升 I. 单项选择。 11. —Do you know the man ______ saved the little boy? —Yes, he is a firefighter. A. which　　B. who　　C. whom　　D. whose 12. The first thing ______ I want to do is to thank my parents. A. which　　B. that　　C. who　　D. what 13. This is the most beautiful picture ______ I have ever seen. A. which　　B. that　　C. who　　D. whose 14. The girl ______ is singing on the stage is from our school. A. who　　B. which　　C. whose　　D. whom 15. I still remember the day ______ we first met. A. which　　B. that　　C. when　　D. where II. 单句改错（每句只有一处错误）。 16. The house which he lives in it is very old. 17. She is one of the students who is good at painting. 18. This is the room in that he put his books. C组·中考实战 I. 语法填空（原创模拟）。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There is a small library near our school. The librarian 19.______ works there is a kind old man. He has a daughter 20.______ is a teacher in a primary school. The library has many books 21.______ are suitable for students. The book 22.______ I borrowed yesterday is about science. It tells us many interesting things 23.______ scientists have discovered. I also met a boy 24.______ name is Jack there. He is a student 25.______ likes reading very much. The old librarian often recommends books 26.______ are interesting and educational. He is one of the people 27.______ (influence) me a lot. He says that the best book 28.______ he has ever read is 《Robinson Crusoe》. I plan to read it this summer. II. 单项选择（原创模拟，贴近中考难度）。 29. The teacher ______ I talked with just now is our new headteacher. A. which　　B. who　　C. whose　　D. when 30. All the people and things ______ I saw in the museum impressed me deeply. A. which　　B. who　　C. that　　D. whose 31. —Who is the woman ______ is talking with your mother? —She is my aunt. A. which　　B. who　　C. whose　　D. whom 栏目四：答案与解析 【答案速查】 题号 答案 题号 答案 1 who / that 17 is → are 2 which / that 18 that → which 3 whose 19 who/that 4 whom / who / that / 省略 20 who/that 5 which / that 21 which/that 6 who is / that is 22 which/that/省略 7 which / that 23 which/that/省略 8 whose name 24 whose 9 which / that 25 who/that 10 which / that 26 which/that 11 B 27 who influence 12 B 28 that 13 B 29 B 14 A 30 C 15 C 31 B 16 去掉 it 【详细解析】 A组·基础达标 1. who / that — 先行词 the boy 是人，关系词在从句中作主语，用 who 或 that。 2. which / that — 先行词 the book 是物，关系词在从句中作主语，用 which 或 that。 3. whose — 先行词 the girl 是人，关系词在从句中作定语修饰 mother，用 whose。 4. whom / who / that / 省略 — 先行词 the teacher 是人，关系词在从句中作宾语，可用 whom/who/that，也可省略。 5. which / that — 先行词 the house 是物，关系词在从句中作宾语，用 which 或 that。 6. who is / that is — 先行词 the man 是人，关系词在从句中作主语，用 who/that，从句谓语 is。 7. which / that — 先行词 the pen 是物，关系词在从句中作宾语，用 which/that。 8. whose name — 先行词 the girl 是人，关系词在从句中作定语，用 whose + 名词。 9. which / that — 先行词 the factory 是物，关系词在从句中作介词 in 的宾语，用 which/that。 10. which / that — 先行词 the movie 是物，关系词在从句中作宾语，用 which/that。 B组·能力提升 11. B — 先行词 the man 是人，关系词在从句中作主语（saved 的执行者），用 who。 12. B — 先行词 thing 被序数词 first 修饰，关系词用 that。 13. B — 先行词 picture 被最高级 most beautiful 修饰，关系词用 that。 14. A — 先行词 the girl 是人，关系词在从句中作主语，用 who。 15. C — 先行词 the day 是时间名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语，用 when。 16. 去掉 it — that 已在从句中作宾语，it 多余。改为：The house which he lives in is very old. 17. is → are — 先行词是 students（复数），从句谓语用 are。注意：是 one of the students 结构，先行词是 students 不是 one。 18. that → which — 介词后不能用 that，只能用 which。 C组·中考实战 19. who/that — 先行词 the librarian 是人，关系词在从句中作主语，用 who/that。 20. who/that — 先行词 daughter 是人，关系词在从句中作主语，用 who/that。 21. which/that — 先行词 books 是物，关系词在从句中作主语，用 which/that。 22. which/that/省略 — 先行词 the book 是物，关系词在从句中作宾语，用 which/that，可省略。 23. which/that/省略 — 先行词 things 是物，关系词在从句中作宾语，用 which/that，可省略。 24. whose — 先行词 a boy 是人，关系词在从句中作定语修饰 name，用 whose。 25. who/that — 先行词 a student 是人，关系词在从句中作主语，用 who/that。 26. which/that — 先行词 books 是物，关系词在从句中作主语，用 which/that。 27. who influence — 先行词 the people 是复数，关系词 who 在从句中作主语，谓语用 influence（复数）。 28. that — 先行词 book 被最高级 best 修饰，关系词用 that。 29. B — 先行词 the teacher 是人，关系词在从句中作介词 with 的宾语，用 who（口语中也可用 whom，但选项无 whom）。 30. C — 先行词中既有人又有物（the people and things），关系词用 that。 31. B — 先行词 the woman 是人，关系词在从句中作主语，用 who。 附：本讲速记卡 定语从句·核心考点速记 🔹 关系词选择三步法： 第一步找准先行词，第二步辨人还是物， 第三步看从句成分，主语宾语定关系词。 🔹 关系词速记表： 人作主语用 who/that，人作宾语用 whom/who/that， 物作主语用 which/that，物作宾语用 which/that， 定语一律用 whose。 🔹 只用 that 口诀： 最高级，序数词，the only、very、last， all、much、little、few， 既有人来又有物，who/which 问句中， 只用 that 记心间。 🔹 介词后关系词： 介词后面不用 that，指物用 which， 指人用 whom，不能用 who。 🔹 主谓一致口诀： 从句谓语跟先行，先行单数谓语单， 先行复数谓语复，one of + 复数要小心。 本讲结束——完成以上练习后，建议对照解析逐题订正，将错题记录到"易错本"中，考前重点复习。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $