Unit2 Great ideas Focusing on culture, Cross-curricular & Project 课件2026-2027学年沪教版九年级上册英语

该初中英语课件围绕“伟大思想”主题，核心涵盖老子与《道德经》的哲学思想、创造性思维技巧及项目式学习。课堂导入通过视频问答“上善若水”出处和自由讨论伟大思想影响，结合Pre-reading的文化背景介绍，搭建从文化感知到文本理解的学习支架。 其亮点在于深度融合文化意识与思维品质，通过《道德经》核心思想“道”的解析及跨学科心理学“跳出思维定势”内容，培养学生文化认同与创造性思维。项目环节以小组合作制作海报为例，引导调研伟大思想的起源与影响，提升学习能力。教师可借助系统的阅读活动和实践任务，高效落实语言能力培养，学生能在文化探究中增强跨文化沟通能力。

Section for extending and developing competencies focusing on culture page thirty some ideas have had a widespread and long lasting influence. Let's explore the work of one ancient chinese philosophy. One loud zio o was a famous thinker in ancient china. Read the article to learn about his philosophy . and dog lose and道德进loss was a scholar and wise man who lived . in a late spring and autumn period。IT is believed that he wrote down the gene. IT is one of the most important works in chinese history, and IT has influenced ideas in china and the world for more than two thousand years. Doud jing is a guide on how to think and act. The central idea in dw, the jing is dough . commonly . translated as way, and the title dr. Jing is understood as way of nature as a whole to achieve what is good, men should respect the laws of nature. The idea is that we as humans should live a simple, peaceful and baLanced life, respecting our place in nature. IT is not surprising, therefore, that many of glasses famous singers use nature to get the message across. The highest good is like water. Water gives life to the ten thousand things and does not strive. IT flows in places men reject, and so is like they're ough. This saying reflects, loses idea that down or way is everywhere. Like water. We should not try to control things. We should accept what we have and thus allow ourselves to go with the way of nature, that is, to achieve the highest good. dr. Gene has had a lasting impact on culture in china and beyond. Its ideas about living in harmony with nature have inspired people all over the world, and the book has also influenced philosophy art in the creature. Although though the jing was written over two thousand years ago, IT is still widely read today because its ideas continue to have meaning in our modern lives. In the world, there is nothing more submissive and weak than water yet for attacking wishes, part and strong, nothing can surpass IT. This is because there is nothing can take his place. Cross curricular connection psychology, page thirty two creativity is an important skill in all parts of life, and IT is especially useful in group projects. Luckily, like any other skill, IT can be developed through . practice. One, read the online article and match the subheadings with the paragraphs. There is one subheading. You do not . need thinking outside the box. The phrase thinking outside the box means thinking freely and creatively without any limits. Let's look at some ways to do IT. One good way to find creative solutions is to think of as many ideas as possible, even if they sound completely crazy. IT doesn't matter if the ideas are good or not, even bad ideas can help us look at a problem in a different way. When we think of new ideas in a group, every new idea may help us come up with more ideas. However, if we keep saying that will never work when someone has an idea, the discussion will never move forward. If you get stuck, doing something else for a while can help. For example, going for a walk may help you clear your mind and look at things in a new way. Some people have great ideas when they're doing the dishes or taking a shower. It's not surprising that our committees had his uruk a moment in the bath. IT is hard to be creative if you try to do everything at once. For example, if you set abroad and unclear goal, like write a great essay, you will get stressed because you won't know what to do next. Instead, it's Better to start with a small and focus goal, such as choose key points for my essay. Specific goals make IT easier for you to think creatively and also help you reach your final destination one step at a time. Unit2 Great ideas Focusing on culture, Cross-curricular & Project （沪教版2024）九年级 上 1 Learning objectives 0 Lead in Pre-reading 2 While-reading Post-reading 4 Cross-curricular connection Project 6 Summary 1 3 5 7 Assessment 8 Homework 9 By the end of the lesson, I will be able to... 1 2 3 retell the philosophy and influence of Laozi and Daodejing; learn practical skills to develop creative thinking; cooperate to create and present a poster about great ideas. 00 Learning objectives Q: Who said "The highest good is like water"? Watch and answer. Lead in 01 Q: Have you heard of Daodejing? Q: What is she reciting? She is reciting English lines from Daodejing. Laozi. Free talk. Lead in 01 Q: How have great ideas influenced our lives? Q: Do you think old Chinese wisdom still helps us now? Q: What do you expect to learn about Laozi and Daodejing today? I think… I expect to know more about… In my opinion… Great ideas change… Read the article to learn about his philosophy and Daodejing. Pre-reading 02 Look and guess. Focusing on culture Laozi was a scholar and wise man who lived in the late Spring and Autumn period. It is believed that he wrote Daodejing. It is one of the most important works in Chinese history and it has influenced ideas in China and the world for more than 2,000 years. Daodejing is a guide on how to think and act. The central idea in Daodejing is Dao, commonly translated as “Way”, and the title Daodejing is understood as “Way of nature as a whole”. To achieve what is good, men should respect the laws of nature. The idea is that we, as humans, should live a simple, peaceful and balanced life, respecting our place in nature. It is not surprising, therefore, that many of Laozi’s famous sayings use nature to get the message across: “The highest good is like water. Water gives life to the ten thousand things and does not strive². It flows in places men reject and so is like the Dao.” This saying reflects Laozi’s idea that Dao or “Way” is everywhere (like water). We should not try to control things; we should accept what we have and thus allow ourselves to go with the way of nature—that is, to achieve the highest good. Daodejing has had a lasting impact on culture in China and beyond. Its ideas about living in harmony with nature have inspired people all over the world, and the book has also influenced philosophy, art and literature. Although Daodejing was written over 2,000 years ago, it is still widely read today because its ideas continue to have meaning in our modern lives. Laozi and Daodejing Q: Who is the old man in the painting? Q: What animal is he riding? 1 Laozi① was a famous thinker in ancient China. Q: Who is Laozi? Q: What is his great work? He is riding an ox. While-reading 03 Skim and answer. Q: What is the main idea of the text? The life stories of Laozi in Spring and Autumn period. Introduce Laozi, the core ideas and global influence of Daodejing. The famous old saying "The highest good is like water". Laozi was a scholar and wise man who lived in the late Spring and Autumn period. It is believed that he wrote Daodejing. It is one of the most important works in Chinese history and it has influenced ideas in China and the world for more than 2,000 years. Daodejing is a guide on how to think and act. The central idea in Daodejing is Dao, commonly translated as “Way”, and the title Daodejing is understood as “Way of nature as a whole”. To achieve what is good, men should respect the laws of nature. The idea is that we, as humans, should live a simple, peaceful and balanced life, respecting our place in nature. It is not surprising, therefore, that many of Laozi’s famous sayings use nature to get the message across: “The highest good is like water. Water gives life to the ten thousand things and does not strive². It flows in places men reject and so is like the Dao.” This saying reflects Laozi’s idea that Dao or “Way” is everywhere (like water). We should not try to control things; we should accept what we have and thus allow ourselves to go with the way of nature—that is, to achieve the highest good. Daodejing has had a lasting impact on culture in China and beyond. Its ideas about living in harmony with nature have inspired people all over the world, and the book has also influenced philosophy, art and literature. Although Daodejing was written over 2,000 years ago, it is still widely read today because its ideas continue to have meaning in our modern lives. Q: What’s the central idea of Daodejing? Its central idea is _______, usually translated as " _______ ". Dao Way Laozi was a scholar and wise man who lived in the late Spring and Autumn period. Daodejing is Dao, commonly translated as “Way”, Laozi’s famous Daodejing has Laozi was a scholar and wise man who lived in the late Spring and Autumn period. It is believed that he wrote Daodejing. It is one of the most important works in Chinese history and it has influenced ideas in China and the world for more than 2,000 years. Daodejing is a guide on how to think and act. The central idea in Daodejing is Dao, commonly translated as “Way”, and the title Daodejing is understood as “Way of nature as a whole”. To achieve what is good, men should respect the laws of nature. The idea is that we, as humans, should live a simple, peaceful and balanced life, respecting our place in nature. It is not surprising, therefore, that many of Laozi’s famous sayings use nature to get the message across: “The highest good is like water. Water gives life to the ten thousand things and does not strive². It flows in places men reject and so is like the Dao.” This saying reflects Laozi’s idea that Dao or “Way” is everywhere (like water). We should not try to control things; we should accept what we have and thus allow ourselves to go with the way of nature—that is, to achieve the highest good. Daodejing has had a lasting impact on culture in China and beyond. Its ideas about living in harmony with nature have inspired people all over the world, and the book has also influenced philosophy, art and literature. Although Daodejing was written over 2,000 years ago, it is still widely read today because its ideas continue to have meaning in our modern lives. Skim and answer. While-reading 03 Q: What’s the main idea of each paragraph? P1 mainly introduces ________, from the late __________________ period, and the great ________ of Daodejing. P2 talks about the ________ idea Dao (translated as “________”), and we must respect nature’s ________. P3 quotes “__________________________” to explain Dao: we should ___________________________. P4 shows Daodejing’s lasting ________ on culture and ___________, still meaningful in ________ life. Laozi Spring and Autumn influence central Way laws The highest good is like water go with nature’s way impact philosophy modern Read and answer. While-reading 03 Laozi was a scholar and wise man who lived in the late Spring and Autumn period. It is believed that he wrote Daodejing. It is one of the most important works in Chinese history and it has influenced ideas in China and the world for more than 2,000 years. Daodejing is a guide on how to think and act. The central idea in Daodejing is Dao, commonly translated as “Way”, and the title Daodejing is understood as “Way of nature as a whole”. To achieve what is good, men should respect the laws of nature. The idea is that we, as humans, should live a simple, peaceful and balanced life, respecting our place in nature. It is not surprising, therefore, that many of Laozi’s famous sayings use nature to get the message across: “The highest good is like water. Water gives life to the ten thousand things and does not strive². It flows in places men reject and so is like the Dao.” This saying reflects Laozi’s idea that Dao or “Way” is everywhere (like water). We should not try to control things; we should accept what we have and thus allow ourselves to go with the way of nature—that is, to achieve the highest good. Daodejing has had a lasting impact on culture in China and beyond. Its ideas about living in harmony with nature have inspired people all over the world, and the book has also influenced philosophy, art and literature. Although Daodejing was written over 2,000 years ago, it is still widely read today because its ideas continue to have meaning in our modern lives. Read and choose. Q: When did Laozi live? A. Early Spring and Autumn period B. Late Spring and Autumn period Read and answer. Q: What’s the status of Daodejing in Chinese history? _______________________________ _______________________________ True (T) / False (F) ( ) Daodejing has only influenced Chinese people’s thoughts. It is one of the most important works in Chinese history. F Laozi was a scholar and wise man who lived in the late Spring and Autumn period. It is believed that he wrote Daodejing. It is one of the most important works in Chinese history and it has influenced ideas in China and the world for more than 2,000 years. Daodejing is a guide on how to think and act. The central idea in Daodejing is Dao, commonly translated as “Way”, and the title Daodejing is understood as “Way of nature as a whole”. To achieve what is good, men should respect the laws of nature. The idea is that we, as humans, should live a simple, peaceful and balanced life, respecting our place in nature. It is not surprising, therefore, that many of Laozi’s famous sayings use nature to get the message across: “The highest good is like water. Water gives life to the ten thousand things and does not strive². It flows in places men reject and so is like the Dao.” This saying reflects Laozi’s idea that Dao or “Way” is everywhere (like water). We should not try to control things; we should accept what we have and thus allow ourselves to go with the way of nature—that is, to achieve the highest good. Daodejing has had a lasting impact on culture in China and beyond. Its ideas about living in harmony with nature have inspired people all over the world, and the book has also influenced philosophy, art and literature. Although Daodejing was written over 2,000 years ago, it is still widely read today because its ideas continue to have meaning in our modern lives. Read and answer. While-reading 03 Match words with meanings central idea a. 自然法则 laws of nature b. 核心理念 balanced life c. 行事指南 a guide on how d. 平和均衡的 to think and act 生活 Read and fill. People need to respect ______________ to live a simple, peaceful life. Daodejing tells humans to lead a simple, peaceful and ________ life. the laws of nature balanced Read and answer. While-reading 03 Laozi was a scholar and wise man who lived in the late Spring and Autumn period. It is believed that he wrote Daodejing. It is one of the most important works in Chinese history and it has influenced ideas in China and the world for more than 2,000 years. Daodejing is a guide on how to think and act. The central idea in Daodejing is Dao, commonly translated as “Way”, and the title Daodejing is understood as “Way of nature as a whole”. To achieve what is good, men should respect the laws of nature. The idea is that we, as humans, should live a simple, peaceful and balanced life, respecting our place in nature. It is not surprising, therefore, that many of Laozi’s famous sayings use nature to get the message across: “The highest good is like water. Water gives life to the ten thousand things and does not strive². It flows in places men reject and so is like the Dao.” This saying reflects Laozi’s idea that Dao or “Way” is everywhere (like water). We should not try to control things; we should accept what we have and thus allow ourselves to go with the way of nature—that is, to achieve the highest good. Daodejing has had a lasting impact on culture in China and beyond. Its ideas about living in harmony with nature have inspired people all over the world, and the book has also influenced philosophy, art and literature. Although Daodejing was written over 2,000 years ago, it is still widely read today because its ideas continue to have meaning in our modern lives. Read and fill. Laozi’s famous quote: “_____________________________” We should accept what we have and learn to go with __________________. Read and judge. ( ) Laozi thinks Dao only exists in clean rivers. ( ) Laozi uses water to explain the meaning of Dao. ( ) The text says we should control everything around us. The highest good is like water. the way of nature F T F Read and answer. While-reading 03 Laozi was a scholar and wise man who lived in the late Spring and Autumn period. It is believed that he wrote Daodejing. It is one of the most important works in Chinese history and it has influenced ideas in China and the world for more than 2,000 years. Daodejing is a guide on how to think and act. The central idea in Daodejing is Dao, commonly translated as “Way”, and the title Daodejing is understood as “Way of nature as a whole”. To achieve what is good, men should respect the laws of nature. The idea is that we, as humans, should live a simple, peaceful and balanced life, respecting our place in nature. It is not surprising, therefore, that many of Laozi’s famous sayings use nature to get the message across: “The highest good is like water. Water gives life to the ten thousand things and does not strive². It flows in places men reject and so is like the Dao.” This saying reflects Laozi’s idea that Dao or “Way” is everywhere (like water). We should not try to control things; we should accept what we have and thus allow ourselves to go with the way of nature—that is, to achieve the highest good. Daodejing has had a lasting impact on culture in China and beyond. Its ideas about living in harmony with nature have inspired people all over the world, and the book has also influenced philosophy, art and literature. Although Daodejing was written over 2,000 years ago, it is still widely read today because its ideas continue to have meaning in our modern lives. Read and choose. Q: Which fields are influenced by Daodejing? philosophy B. art C. literature D. sports Read and fill. Daodejing has a ________impact on culture in China and beyond. Its ideas still carry meaning in our ________ lives. Daodejing’s thoughts about living _______________ nature have inspired people worldwide. lasting modern in harmony with Read again and answer. While-reading 03 2 Answer the questions below with the information from the article on page 30. (1) What is the central idea in Daodejing? (2) According to Laozi, how can people achieve what is good? (3) According to Daodejing, how should humans live? (4) Why is Daodejing still popular today? Its central idea is Dao, commonly translated as "Way". They should respect the laws of nature and go with the way of nature. They should live a simple, peaceful and balanced life, respecting their place in nature. Because its ideas continue to have meaning in our modern lives. Post-reading 04 Read and match. 3 Complete the sentences with the words and phrases below. Change the form if necessary. as a whole balanced get ... across thus (1) Dickens’ characters face many challenges that were common in England during the 1800s. ________ reading his novels is a great way to get to know and understand the problems in society at that time. (2) We shouldn’t be selfish. We need to consider what effect our action has on society __________. (3) Nowadays, many people are trying to have a more ________ lifestyle. They are doing more exercise than before, and they are learning how to cook healthier food. (4) I tried to explain the problem to Kate, but I’m not sure that I ________ the point ________. Thus as a whole balanced got across Post-reading 04 4 Discuss the questions below. To learn more about ancient Chinese thinkers and their works, you can: find information about Confucius, Mencius and Zhuangzi online or in the library; find some famous sayings from Lunyu, Mencius and Zhuangzi in Chinese and English and share them with your classmates. Exploring more 4 Do you know any other famous sayings from Daodejing? What ideas do they convey? Discuss with your classmates Post-reading 04 4 Discuss the questions below. 4 Do you know any other famous sayings from Daodejing? What ideas do they convey? Discuss with your classmates For example: One famous saying from Daodejing is “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” It tells us that any great task or long journey starts from small, simple actions. We should keep down-to-earth and start with tiny efforts instead of fearing difficulties. Notes Historians believe that Daodejing was first translated into a foreign language during the Tang dynasty. Back then, a Chinese monk translated it into Sanskrit¹ so that people in India could read it. Today, Daodejing is one of the most translated books in the world. It has been translated several hundred times. Post-reading 04 Exploring more. Cross-curricular connection / Psychology* Look and answer. Cross-curricular connection 05 Q: What can you see? There is a light bulb inside an open box. What do you think this phrase means? The phrase "thinking outside the box" means _______________ and_________,without___________. thinking freely creatively any limits 18 Cross-curricular connection / Psychology* Look and answer. Cross-curricular connection 05 Thinking outside the box. Q: Do you only think with old ideas? stands for fixed old ideas and rules creativity Q: When we think freely, come up with new special ideas, what ability are we using? Q: Can we build up creativity by practising? Q: What useful ways can help us become more creative? Let's look at some ways to do it! Read and match. Cross-curricular connection 05 1 Read the online article and match the subheadings with the paragraphs. There is one subheading you do not need. a Do some brainstorming b Avoid negative thinking c Take a break, but keep a pen and paper handy d Focus on one thing at a time Thinking outside the box The phrase “thinking outside the box” means thinking freely and creatively, without any limits. Let’s look at some ways to do it! (1) __________________________________ One good way to find creative solutions is to think of as many ideas as possible, even if they sound completely crazy. It doesn’t matter if the ideas are good or not—even bad ideas can help us look at a problem in a different way. When we think of new ideas in a group, every new idea may help us come up with more ideas. However, if we keep saying “That will never work!” when someone has an idea, the discussion will never move forward. (2) ____________ If you get stuck, doing something else for a while can help. For example, going for a walk may help you clear your mind and look at things in a new way. Some people have great ideas when they’re doing the dishes or taking a shower. It’s not surprising that Archimedes had his “eureka moment” in the bath! (3) ____________ It is hard to be creative if you try to do everything at once. For example, if you set a broad and unclear goal like “write a great essay”, you will get stressed because you won’t know what to do next. Instead, it’s better to start with a small and focused goal, such as “choose key points for my essay”. Specific goals make it easier for you to think creatively and also help you reach your final destination, one step at a time. a Do some brainstorming 20 Read and match. Cross-curricular connection 05 1 Read the online article and match the subheadings with the paragraphs. There is one subheading you do not need. a Do some brainstorming b Avoid negative thinking c Take a break, but keep a pen and paper handy d Focus on one thing at a time Thinking outside the box The phrase “thinking outside the box” means thinking freely and creatively, without any limits. Let’s look at some ways to do it! (1) __________________________________ One good way to find creative solutions is to think of as many ideas as possible, even if they sound completely crazy. It doesn’t matter if the ideas are good or not—even bad ideas can help us look at a problem in a different way. When we think of new ideas in a group, every new idea may help us come up with more ideas. However, if we keep saying “That will never work!” when someone has an idea, the discussion will never move forward. (2) ____________ If you get stuck, doing something else for a while can help. For example, going for a walk may help you clear your mind and look at things in a new way. Some people have great ideas when they’re doing the dishes or taking a shower. It’s not surprising that Archimedes had his “eureka moment” in the bath! (3) ____________ It is hard to be creative if you try to do everything at once. For example, if you set a broad and unclear goal like “write a great essay”, you will get stressed because you won’t know what to do next. Instead, it’s better to start with a small and focused goal, such as “choose key points for my essay”. Specific goals make it easier for you to think creatively and also help you reach your final destination, one step at a time. c Take a break, but keep a pen and paper handy d Focus on one thing at a time 21 2 Have you tried any of the techniques mentioned above? Do you think these techniques can be helpful? Share your ideas with your classmates. Think and share. Cross-curricular connection 05 Q: Which way do you like best? Why? Q: Which tip will you try later to improve your creativity? Q: Can you think of another way to become more creative? V Make a poster about a great person Project Task explanation. Project 06 What great ideas have changed the world? Discuss in groups and make a poster to introduce a great idea. Can you name any famous great ideas or inventions that change people’s life? What small things in our daily life come from a creative great idea? Without these great ideas, how different would our life be? V Project Brainstorm & choose topic. Project 06 v Make a poster about a great idea Step 1 Brainstorm topics in groups and then choose one for your poster. What great idea do you want to introduce? Which field does it belong to? Who first had the idea? How did he / she come up with the idea? What problem did this idea solve? How has this idea changed the world? What great idea do you want to introduce? Which field does it belong to? Who first had the idea? How did he / she come up with the idea? What problem did this idea solve? How has this idea changed the world? Words Bank invention, technology, natural science, ancient Chinese science, scientist, ancient craftsman, do experiments, observe nature, have trouble doing…, waste time, lack light, lose way, hard to record , convenient, travel far away, pass down knowledge, study electricity, light up the night Project Brainstorm & choose topic. Project 06 Make a poster about a great idea Step 1 Brainstorm topics in groups and then choose one for your poster. v Sentence Structure I want to introduce ________. It belongs to the field of ________. ________ was the first person to create this idea. He/She got this idea when he ________. Before this idea appeared, people ________. This great idea solved the problem of ________. This idea completely changed people’s life. It made it easy for us to ________ and greatly pushed the development of ________. Project Research key information. Project 06 basic information about the person who first had the idea the story about why and how the idea came into being the impact of this idea on the world … Step 2 Decide what information you should include on the poster, and then do research online or in the library. 26 Project Research key information. Project 06 Step 2 Decide what information you should include on the poster, and then do research online or in the library. Basic info Cai Lun was an Eastern Han inventor. Origin story Old writing materials were heavy or pricey. He used bark and rags to make cheap paper. World impact Paper helped knowledge spread worldwide and pushed human culture forward. Cai Lun — Papermaking For example: Project Make the poster. Project 06 Step 3 Make the poster. Divide your poster into 3 parts: inventor’s info, story of the idea, world impact. Write a big clear title at the top. Tips: Use short sentences and draw simple pictures. Use different colours to mark key words. Keep your poster clean and tidy. Show time Talk clearly (内容清晰) Pronunciation(发音标准) Body language(使用肢体语言) Fluently(流利的) Reasonable(理由合理) Grade and share: Step 4 Display your poster in your classroom. Your classmates will vote for the best one. The words we have learned 一、根据首字母或汉语提示补全单词 We should r_______ the laws of nature and live a simple life. We need to keep a b___________ life between work and rest. The writer tried his best to g_______ his ideas across to readers. People shouldn’t s_______ for fame and wealth blindly. Dao stands for the w_______ of nature as a whole. This ancient book has a l___________ influence on people all over the world. You can take a break to clear your m___________ when you feel stuck. Try to f_______ on one small goal at a time to be creative. Summary 07 espect alanced et trive ay asting ind ocus 二、短语翻译 总体而言；整体上 ________________________ 传达；使…… 明白 ________________________ 与…… 和谐共处 ________________________ 短暂休息一会儿 ________________________ 头脑风暴 ________________________ 跳出固有思维 ________________________ 顺应自然规律 ________________________ 产生深远影响 ________________________ The phrases we have learned Summary 07 as a whole get ... across live in harmony with nature take a break do some brainstorming think outside the box follow the laws of nature have a lasting impact The sentences we have learned ​​三、句子翻译 《道德经》的核心思想是 “道”，即自然之道。 _______________________________________________________________老子认为人应当过简朴、平和且平衡的生活。 _______________________________________________________________“上善若水” 这句名言传递了道家顺应自然的理念。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________《道德经》成书两千多年，至今仍被世界各地广泛阅读。 _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Summary 07 The central idea in Daodejing is Dao, the Way of nature. Laozi thought humans should live a simple, peaceful and balanced life. The famous saying "The highest good is like water" passes on Laozi's idea of following the way of nature. Written over 2,000 years ago, Daodejing is still widely read around the world today. Assessment 08 Self-assessment I can retell the philosophy and influence of Laozi and Daodejing. I can learn practical skills to develop creative thinking. I can cooperate to create and present a poster about great ideas. Basic (基础) Improving(提升) Extend (拓展) Homework 09 每个单词、短语分别仿写 1 个贴合课文主题的英文句子。 用英语写 3-5 句话，介绍陈望道或亚历山大・弗莱明的主要事迹。 用 5-8 句英文概括老子与《道德经》的核心思想、历史价值与世界影响。 Lavf59.14.100 $