内容正文:
中考英语语法第3讲 形容词与副词:中考五大比较等级黄金句型 & 过关检测
栏目一:考点梳理
① 知识导图
形容词与副词
├── 形容词
│ ├── 作定语:修饰名词,放在名词前
│ ├── 作表语:放在系动词后(be/look/sound/smell/taste/feel/get/become/turn)
│ └── 作宾语补足语:keep the room clean
├── 副词
│ ├── 作状语:修饰动词/形容词/副词/整个句子
│ ├── 频度副词:always/usually/often/sometimes/seldom/never
│ └── 程度副词:very/quite/rather/so/too/enough
├── 比较等级
│ ├── 原级
│ │ ├── as + 原级 + as
│ │ └── not so(as) + 原级 + as
│ ├── 比较级
│ │ ├── 比较级 + than
│ │ ├── the + 比较级, the + 比较级
│ │ └── 比较级 + and + 比较级
│ └── 最高级
│ ├── the + 最高级 + 范围
│ └── one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词
└── 易混副词辨析
├── also / too / either
├── so / such
└── too much / much too / too many
② 考点清单
星级
考点
考查形式
★★★
比较级与最高级的规则/不规则变化
单项选择、语法填空
★★★
五大比较等级黄金句型
单项选择、句型转换
★★★
形容词与副词的基本用法区分
单项选择、语法填空
★★
系动词后接形容词(不接副词)
单项选择、完形填空
★★
too much / much too / too many 辨析
单项选择
★★
also / too / either 辨析
单项选择
★
so / such 的用法区别
单项选择
③ 核心讲解
考点1:形容词与副词的基本用法(★★★)
形容词的三大功能
功能
位置
示例
作定语
名词前
a beautiful flower
作表语
系动词后
The flower is beautiful.
作宾语补足语
宾语后
Keep the classroom clean.
常考系动词:be(是)、look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)、feel(感觉)、get(变得)、become(变得)、turn(变得)、seem(似乎)
核心规则:系动词后接形容词,不接副词。
✅ The music sounds beautiful.
❌ The music sounds beautifully.
副词的三大功能
功能
修饰对象
示例
作状语
动词
She sings well.
作状语
形容词
It's very cold today.
作状语
副词
He runs quite fast.
作状语
整个句子
Luckily, he passed the exam.
形容词变副词的规则:
规则
示例
一般加 -ly
quick→quickly,slow→slowly
辅音字母 + y 结尾,改 y 为 i 加 -ly
happy→happily,easy→easily
以 -le 结尾,去 e 加 -y
simple→simply,possible→possibly
以 -ll 结尾,直接加 -y
full→fully
形容词与副词同形
fast,hard,early,late,high,long
特殊变化
good→well(形容词→副词不规则)
高频易错:
• hard(努力地)≠ hardly(几乎不)
• late(晚地)≠ lately(最近)
• high(高地)≠ highly(高度地,非常)
考点2:比较级和最高级的变化规则(★★★)
规则变化
构成方法
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节词 + er/est
tall
taller
tallest
以 e 结尾 + r/st
nice
nicer
nicest
重读闭音节,双写末尾字母 + er/est
big
bigger
biggest
辅音字母 + y 结尾,改 y 为 i + er/est
easy
easier
easiest
多音节词前加 more/most
beautiful
more beautiful
most beautiful
不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good / well
better
best
bad / badly / ill
worse
worst
many / much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther / further
farthest / furthest
old
older / elder
oldest / eldest
口诀记忆:
好坏多少远老,better best 好,worse worst 坏,
more most 多,less least 少,farther farthest 远。
考点3:五大比较等级黄金句型(★★★)
句型一:as + 原级 + as(肯定句)—— "A 和 B 一样……"
示例
说明
Tom is as tall as Jack.
汤姆和杰克一样高。
She runs as fast as her sister.
她跑得和她姐姐一样快。
否定形式:not as(so) + 原级 + as —— "A 不如 B……"
示例
说明
Tom is not as tall as Jack.
汤姆不如杰克高。
This book is not so interesting as that one.
这本书不如那本有趣。
句型二:比较级 + than —— "A 比 B 更……"
示例
说明
This box is heavier than that one.
这个箱子比那个重。
She is more careful than me.
她比我更细心。
注意事项:
• 比较级前可加 much / far / even / a little / a lot 等表示程度
- much better 好得多
- a little taller 高一点
- far more beautiful 漂亮得多
• than 后接人称代词时,正式用法用主格(口语可用宾格,但考试以主格为准)
- She is taller than I.(正式)
句型三:比较级 + and + 比较级 —— "越来越……"
示例
说明
It is getting colder and colder.
天气越来越冷。
Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.
我们的城市变得越来越美丽。
注意:
• 单音节词:直接重复比较级 → taller and taller
• 多音节词:more and more + 原级 → more and more beautiful
句型四:the + 比较级, the + 比较级 —— "越……就越……"
示例
说明
The more you read, the more you know.
你读得越多,知道得就越多。
The harder you study, the better grades you get.
你越努力学习,成绩就越好。
注意:此句型中两个比较级前都要加 the,后接主谓结构。
句型五:最高级句型 —— "……是最……的"
结构1:the + 最高级 + in/of 范围
示例
说明
Tom is the tallest in our class.
汤姆是我们班最高的。
This is the best film of all.
这是所有电影中最好的一部。
结构2:one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 —— "最……的之一"
示例
说明
China is one of the oldest countries in the world.
中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。
She is one of the best students in our school.
她是我们学校最好的学生之一。
结构3:the + 序数词 + 最高级 —— "第几最……"
示例
说明
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
黄河是中国第二长河。
注意:最高级前通常加 the,但副词最高级前 the 可省略:
He runs (the) fastest in his class.
考点4:易混副词辨析(★★)
① also / too / either
词
含义
位置
适用句类
also
也
be 动词后,行为动词前
肯定句
too
也
句末,前常有逗号
肯定句
either
也(不)
句末,前常有逗号
否定句
• I also like English. = I like English, too.
• I don't like English, either.
② too much / much too / too many
结构
含义
后接
示例
too much
太多
不可数名词/动词
too much water;talk too much
too many
太多
可数名词复数
too many mistakes
much too
实在太
形容词/副词
much too tired;much too fast
③ so / such
结构
用法
示例
so + 形容词/副词
修饰形/副
so beautiful, so quickly
so + 形容词 + a/an + 单数名词
修饰单数可数名词
so beautiful a flower
such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数名词
修饰单数可数名词
such a beautiful flower
such + 形容词 + 复数名词/不可数名词
修饰复名/不可数
such clever students, such good news
口诀:so 形 so 副,such 名;
名词前有 many/much/few/little 时,用 so 不用 such。
• so many books ✅
• so much water ✅
• so few friends ✅
• so little money ✅
栏目二:易错点拨
【易错1】系动词后接形容词还是副词?
❌ 错误:The dish tastes deliciously.
✅ 正确:The dish tastes delicious.
【错因分析】taste 是系动词,后接形容词作表语,不能用副词。
【避坑技巧】
五大感官系动词——look, sound, smell, taste, feel——后面一律接形容词。
小测试:The girl looks ______ (happy/happily). She is smiling.
→ 答案:happy(look 是系动词)
【易错2】比较级前 degree 修饰词
❌ 错误:This book is very better than that one.
✅ 正确:This book is much better than that one.
【错因分析】比较级前不能用 very / quite / so 修饰,需用 much / far / even / a little / a lot。
【避坑技巧】
比较级"强化修饰"专用词:much / far / even / a lot / a little / a bit / still
• much more interesting ✅
• very more interesting ❌
【易错3】"越来越……"结构中多音节形容词怎么变?
❌ 错误:Our city is becoming beautifuler and beautifuler.
✅ 正确:Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.
【错因分析】多音节形容词的比较级是 more + 原级,"越来越……"结构需重复 more。
【避坑技巧】
• 单音节/双音节:er and er → taller and taller,happier and happier
• 多音节:more and more + 原级 → more and more beautiful
【易错4】"越……就越……"句型的 the 不能省略
❌ 错误:More you eat, fatter you get.
✅ 正确:The more you eat, the fatter you get.
【错因分析】"the + 比较级, the + 比较级"中两个 the 都不可省略。
【避坑技巧】
口诀:"越……越……"两个 the,前面后面都要加。
• The earlier you start, the sooner you finish.
【易错5】than 后代词用主格还是宾格?
❌ 错误:She is taller than me.(口语可接受,但考试中常被判定为不严谨)
✅ 正确:She is taller than I.
【错因分析】than 在正式语法中被视为连词,后接主格。
【避坑技巧】
中考书面语规范中,than 后代词用主格。若拿不准,可补全句子:
• She is taller than I am. → 省略 am → She is taller than I.
【易错6】one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词
❌ 错误:She is one of the best student in our class.
✅ 正确:She is one of the best students in our class.
【错因分析】one of 后接复数名词,表示"从多个中选一个"。
【避坑技巧】
one of + the + 最高级 + 名词复数 + 范围(in/of...)
• one of the longest rivers ✅
栏目三:过关检测
A组·基础达标
I. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. This question is ______ (easy) than that one.
2. Tom runs as ______ (fast) as Jack.
3. She is the ______ (tall) girl in our class.
4. The weather is getting ______ and ______ (cold).
5. This story is ______ (interesting) than that one.
II. 用形容词或副词的适当形式填空。
6. The music sounds ______ (beauty).
7. Please speak ______ (loud). I can't hear you.
8. He is a ______ (care) student and often makes mistakes.
9. The soup tastes ______ (good). Could I have more?
10. She sings ______ (wonderful), and everyone likes her songs.
B组·能力提升
I. 单项选择。
11. —Which is ______, the sun or the moon?
—The sun is, of course.
A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest
12. The ______ you study, the ______ grades you will get.
A. hard; good B. harder; better C. harder; good D. hard; better
13. There is ______ snow this year than last year.
A. much too B. too many C. much more D. too much
14. —I don't like watching TV.
—I don't like it, ______.
A. also B. too C. either D. neither
15. He is ______ tired ______ walk any farther.
A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. very; to
II. 句型转换(每空一词)。
16. Tom is taller than any other student in his class.(改为最高级)
Tom is ______ ______ student in his class.
17. This book is not as interesting as that one.(保持句意不变)
That book is ______ ______ than this one.
18. The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.(改为简单句)
The box is ______ heavy for me ______ carry.
C组·中考实战
I. 语法填空(原创模拟)。
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
My hometown has changed a lot in the past ten years. The streets are much 19.______ (wide) than before, and there are 20.______ (many) tall buildings than ten years ago.
The air is also 21.______ (clean) now because people have planted more trees. In the park near my home, the flowers smell 22.______ (sweet) in spring, and the birds sing 23.______ (happy) in the trees every morning.
I think my hometown is becoming 24.______ and ______ (beautiful). It is one of the 25.______ (good) places to live in our province. I love my hometown very much.
II. 单项选择(原创模拟,贴近中考难度)。
26. —What do you think of the movie?
—It's ______ than I expected. I really enjoyed it.
A. much better B. very better C. more better D. much best
27. China has become ______ than before, and it is one of ______ countries in the world.
A. more stronger; the strongest B. much stronger; the strongest
C. more strong; strongest D. much strong; the strongest
28. The population of China is ______ than ______ of America.
A. more; that B. larger; that C. larger; it D. more; it
栏目四:答案与解析
【答案速查】
题号
答案
题号
答案
1
easier
15
C
2
fast
16
the tallest
3
tallest
17
more interesting
4
colder; colder
18
too; to
5
more interesting
19
wider
6
beautiful
20
more
7
loudly
21
cleaner
8
careless
22
sweet
9
good
23
happily
10
wonderfully
24
more; more beautiful
11
B
25
best
12
B
26
A
13
C
27
B
14
C
28
B
【详细解析】
A组·基础达标
1. easier — than 提示用比较级,easy 变 easier。
2. fast — as...as 中间用原级。
3. tallest — in our class 表示范围,用最高级,前加 the。
4. colder; colder — 比较级 + and + 比较级,表示"越来越冷"。
5. more interesting — interesting 为多音节词,比较级用 more interesting。
6. beautiful — sounds 是系动词,后接形容词作表语。
7. loudly — 修饰动词 speak,用副词 loudly。
8. careless — 由后句"经常犯错误"可知是"粗心的",用形容词 careless 作定语。
9. good — tastes 是系动词,后接形容词 good。
10. wonderfully — 修饰动词 sings,用副词 wonderfully。
B组·能力提升
11. B — 两者(the sun / the moon)比较用比较级,big 的比较级是 bigger。
12. B — "the + 比较级, the + 比较级"句型,hard→harder,good→better。
13. C — than 提示用比较级,much 修饰比较级 more,much more snow 意为"多得多的雪"。
14. C — 否定句句末表示"也不"用 either。
15. C — too + 形容词 + to do 意为"太……而不能……"。so...that... 后接从句,但 that walk any farther 不是完整从句,故用 too...to。
16. the tallest — "taller than any other student"意为"比其他任何学生都高",即"全班最高"。
17. more interesting — that book 与 this book 互换比较对象,方向反转,用 more interesting than。
18. too; to — so...that...can't = too...to...,意为"太……而不能……"。
C组·中考实战
19. wider — than 提示用比较级,wide 以 e 结尾,加 -r。
20. more — than 提示用比较级,many 的比较级是 more。
21. cleaner — than before 省略了对比对象,仍用比较级。
22. sweet — smell 是系动词,后接形容词 sweet。
23. happily — 修饰动词 sing,用副词 happily。
24. more; more beautiful — "越来越美丽",多音节词用 more and more + 原级。
25. best — one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词,good 的最高级是 best。
26. A — than 提示用比较级,much 修饰比较级 better。very 不能修饰比较级。
27. B — much 修饰比较级 stronger;one of the + 最高级 + 复数,strong 的最高级是 strongest。
28. B — population 用 large/small 修饰,不用 many/much;than 后替代不可数名词 population 用 that。故选 B。
附:本讲速记卡
形容词与副词·核心考点速记
🔹 系动词后接形容词口诀:
感官五兄弟,look sound smell taste feel,
后面一律接形容词,不能用副词替。
🔹 五大黄金句型口诀:
一原级 as...as,肯定否定都会用;
二比较 than 前后,much/far 来修饰;
三越来越 er and er,多音 more and more;
四越就越两个 the,前面后面都别丢;
五最高 the + est,one of 后面加复数。
🔹 比较级不规则变化口诀:
good better best,bad worse worst,
many more most,little less least,far farther farthest。
🔹 too much / much too / too many 辨析:
too much 不可数,too many 可数复,
much too 修饰形和副。
🔹 also / too / either 辨析:
also 句中,too 句末,两个都用肯定句;
either 句末否定用,"也不"翻译最合适。
本讲结束——完成以上练习后,建议对照解析逐题订正,将错题记录到"易错本"中,考前重点复习。
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