2026年中考第2讲 代词全突破：中考必考人称·物主·反身·不定·疑问代词易错点辨析讲义

该初中英语讲义聚焦代词专题，覆盖中考必考的人称、物主、反身、不定、疑问代词等核心考点，通过知识导图构建体系，考点清单明确考查要求，核心讲解细化用法规则，形成“梳理-辨析-训练”的系统复习流程，助力学生突破主宾格区分、物主代词辨析等易错点。 亮点在于“口诀速记+分层突破”策略，如物主代词“有名则形，无名则名”口诀、复合不定代词“形容词后置”规则，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设基础达标、能力提升、中考实战三级训练，配合真题模拟和错题解析，确保高效复习，教师可据此精准把控节奏，提升学生应考能力。

第2讲 代词全突破：中考必考人称·物主·反身·不定·疑问代词易错点辨析&过关检测 栏目一：考点梳理 ① 知识导图 代词 ├── 人称代词 │ ├── 主格：I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they │ ├── 宾格：me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them │ └── 用法：主格作主语，宾格作动词/介词宾语 ├── 物主代词 │ ├── 形容词性：my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their（后接名词） │ └── 名词性：mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs（独立使用） ├── 反身代词 │ ├── 单数：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself │ ├── 复数：ourselves, yourselves, themselves │ └── 固定搭配：enjoy oneself, by oneself, help oneself ├── 指示代词 │ ├── this / these（近指） │ ├── that / those（远指） │ └── 电话用语：this / that ├── 不定代词 │ ├── some / any 系列 │ ├── many / much, few / little 系列 │ ├── both / all / either / neither / none │ ├── each / every │ └── 复合不定代词：something, anything, nothing, everyone... └── 疑问代词 ├── who / whom / whose ├── which └── what ② 考点清单 星级 考点 考查形式 ★★★ 人称代词主格与宾格的区分 单项选择、完形填空 ★★★ 物主代词两种形式的辨析 单项选择、语法填空 ★★★ 不定代词 some / any 及其复合词 单项选择、语法填空 ★★★ both / all / either / neither / none 辨析 单项选择 ★★ 反身代词与固定搭配 单项选择、语法填空 ★★ few / little / a few / a little 辨析 单项选择、完形填空 ★★ 指示代词的语境用法 单项选择、情景交际 ★ 疑问代词 who / whom / whose 的区分 单项选择 ③ 核心讲解 考点1：人称代词主格与宾格（★★★） 人称 主格 宾格 用法示例 第一人称单数 I me I like English. / She helps me. 第二人称 you you You are right. / I trust you. 第三人称单数 he / she / it him / her / it She is kind. / We like her. 第一人称复数 we us We are students. / Join us. 第二人称复数 you you You are all welcome. / I miss you. 第三人称复数 they them They are from China. / I know them. 核心规则： • 主格在句中作主语，放在动词前 • 宾格作动词宾语或介词宾语，放在动词/介词后 • 系动词 be 后接主格（口语中也可接宾格，但考试以主格为准） 典型例题：______ are good friends. Let ______ help each other. → We are good friends. Let us help each other. 考点2：物主代词两种形式（★★★） 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 区别 my mine 形容词性后必须接名词 your yours 名词性独立使用，后不接名词 his his his 两者同形 her hers 名词性需加 -s its its its 两者同形 our ours 名词性需加 -s your yours 名词性需加 -s their theirs 名词性需加 -s 核心规则： • 形容词性物主代词 = 形容词功能，后接名词：This is my book. • 名词性物主代词 = "形容词性物主代词 + 名词"：This book is mine. (= my book) 常考句型： • a friend of mine（我的一个朋友） • This is my pen. Yours is on the desk.（yours = your pen） 考点3：反身代词（★★） 单数 复数 myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself / herself / itself themselves 核心规则： • 当主语和宾语为同一人时，宾语用反身代词 • 固定搭配高频考点： 搭配 含义 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 by oneself 独自地 help oneself (to) 请自便 teach oneself 自学 look after oneself 照顾自己 hurt oneself 伤到自己 say to oneself 自言自语 典型例题：We enjoyed ______ at the party last night. → ourselves（主语 We 和宾语是同一群人） 考点4：指示代词（★★） 指示代词 含义 用法 this 这个 近指，单数 these 这些 近指，复数 that 那个 远指，单数 those 那些 远指，复数 常考用法： • 电话用语：This is Tom speaking. Who is that? • 替代前文提及的单数名词：The weather in Kunming is better than that in Beijing.（that 替代 weather） • 替代前文提及的复数名词：The apples in this shop are cheaper than those in that shop.（those 替代 apples） 考点5：不定代词（★★★） ① some / any 系列 用法 some any 肯定句 ✅ I have some books. ❌ 否定句 ❌ ✅ I don't have any books. 一般疑问句 特殊情况：表示请求/建议并期待肯定回答 ✅ Do you have any books? 特殊疑问句 — ✅ some 用于疑问句的两种情况： • Would you like some tea?（表示邀请/建议） • Can I have some water?（表示请求） ② many / much / few / little 系列 代词 修饰对象 含义 many 可数名词复数 许多 much 不可数名词 许多 a few 可数名词复数 有几个（肯定含义） few 可数名词复数 几乎没有（否定含义） a little 不可数名词 有一点（肯定含义） little 不可数名词 几乎没有（否定含义） 口诀：有 a 就有"一点/几个"（肯定），无 a 就是"几乎没有"（否定）。 few / a few 接可数；little / a little 接不可数。 ③ both / all / either / neither / none 代词 含义 范围 谓语数 both 两者都 两个人/物 复数 all 三者及以上都 三个及以上 复数/单数（视情况） either 两者中任一 两者 单数 neither 两者都不 两者 单数 none 三者及以上都不 三个及以上 单/复均可 常考结构： • both...and... 两者都 → 谓语用复数 • either...or... 要么……要么…… → 谓语就近一致 • neither...nor... 既不……也不…… → 谓语就近一致 ④ 复合不定代词 词根 -thing -body -one -where some- something somebody someone somewhere any- anything anybody anyone anywhere every- everything everybody everyone everywhere no- nothing nobody no one nowhere 核心规则： • 复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数 • 形容词修饰复合不定代词时需后置：something important，nothing special • 肯定句用 some- 系列，否定句/疑问句用 any- 系列 考点6：疑问代词（★） 疑问代词 含义 用法 who 谁（主格） Who is that man? whom 谁（宾格） Whom did you meet? whose 谁的 Whose book is this? which 哪一个（有范围） Which color do you like? what 什么 What is this? 栏目二：易错点拨 【易错1】形容词性物主代词 vs 名词性物主代词 ❌ 错误：This is mine book. ✅ 正确：This is my book. / This book is mine. 【错因分析】mine 是名词性物主代词，后面不能再接名词。 【避坑技巧】 • 后面有名词 → 用形容词性物主代词（my/your/his/her/its/our/their） • 后面无名词 → 用名词性物主代词（mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs） 【易错2】主格 vs 宾格在系动词后的选择 ❌ 错误：It's me. / That's him. ✅ 正确：It's I. / That's he.（正式考试以主格为准） 【错因分析】口语中常说 It's me，但中考语法题要求系动词后接主格。 【避坑技巧】 be 动词（am/is/are/was/were）后面接主格，不接宾格。但需注意：动词和介词后面一律接宾格。 【易错3】both 与 either、neither 与 none 的范围区分 ❌ 错误：There are many trees on either sides of the street. ✅ 正确：There are many trees on both sides of the street. / on either side of the street. 【错因分析】both 后接复数名词，either 后接单数名词。 【避坑技巧】 搭配 后接 含义 both + 复数名词 both sides 两边都 either + 单数名词 either side 两边中任意一边 neither + 单数名词 neither side 两边都不 none of + 复数名词 none of the students 三个以上都不 【易错4】everyone 作主语时的谓语单复数 ❌ 错误：Everyone in our class like English. ✅ 正确：Everyone in our class likes English. 【错因分析】everyone / everybody / everything / nobody / nothing 等复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 【避坑技巧】 复合不定代词作主语，谓语一律用单数。形容词修饰复合不定代词时后置： • something important（重要的某事） • nothing special（没什么特别的） 【易错5】both...and... 与 either...or... 的谓语一致 ❌ 错误：Either you or he are wrong. ✅ 正确：Either you or he is wrong. 【错因分析】either...or... 连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致（就近原则）。 【避坑技巧】 • both...and... → 谓语用复数 • either...or... / neither...nor... / not only...but also... → 谓语就近一致 栏目三：过关检测 A组·基础达标 I. 用所给人称代词的适当形式填空。 1. ______ (I) am a middle school student. 2. Please give ______ (she) the book. 3. My mother loves ______ (we) very much. 4. ______ (they) are from Beijing. 5. Can you help ______ (I) with my English? II. 用所给物主代词的适当形式填空。 6. This is ______ (I) new bike. 7. The blue pen is ______ (he). The red one is ______ (I). 8. Is this ______ (you) dictionary? 9. ______ (she) bag is on the chair. 10. This is not our classroom. ______ (we) is next door. B组·能力提升 I. 单项选择。 11. —Is this your ruler? —No, it's not ______. It's ______. A. my; her　　B. mine; hers　　C. mine; her　　D. my; hers 12. There are two new buildings in our school, and ______ of them have a library. A. both　　B. all　　C. either　　D. neither 13. —Would you like ______ coffee? —No, thanks. I don't want ______ drinks. A. some; some　　B. any; any　　C. some; any　　D. any; some 14. I have ______ money with me. Could you lend me some? A. a few　　B. few　　C. a little　　D. little 15. ______ of the students passed the exam because it was too difficult. A. None　　B. Both　　C. All　　D. Either II. 单句改错（每句只有一处错误）。 16. Everybody in our school are getting ready for the sports meeting. 17. The weather in Beijing is colder than it in Shanghai. 18. Either you or Tom are going to clean the classroom. C组·中考实战 I. 语法填空（原创模拟）。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last weekend, my classmates and I went to the old people's home near our school. We decided to do something helpful for 19.______ (they). In the morning, we cleaned the rooms for the old people. Lily washed the windows by 20.______ (she), and Tom helped an old man carry water. 21.______ of us worked very hard, so the old people were very happy. At noon, we cooked lunch for them. "Help 22.______ (you) to some dumplings," I said to the old people. They all smiled and said the dumplings were delicious. After lunch, some old people told 23.______ (we) interesting stories about their lives. We listened carefully and learned 24.______ meaningful from the stories. Before leaving, we took a photo together. Everyone 25.______ (say) it was a really happy day. II. 单项选择（原创模拟，贴近中考难度）。 26. —Is this ______ notebook? —No, ______ is in my schoolbag. A. you; my　　B. your; mine　　C. yours; mine　　D. your; me 27. I don't like the color of this T-shirt. Could you show me ______ one? A. other　　B. another　　C. others　　D. the other 28. ______ of the two answers is correct. You need to think again. A. Both　　B. All　　C. Either　　D. Neither 栏目四：答案与解析 【答案速查】 题号 答案 题号 答案 1 I 15 A 2 her 16 are → is 3 us 17 it → that 4 They 18 are → is 5 me 19 them 6 my 20 herself 7 his; mine 21 All 8 your 22 yourselves 9 Her 23 us 10 Ours 24 something 11 B 25 said 12 A 26 B 13 C 27 B 14 D 28 D 【详细解析】 A组·基础达标 1. I — 主格作主语。 2. her — give 是动词，后接宾格作宾语。 3. us — loves 是动词，后接宾格。 4. They — 主格作主语，句首大写。 5. me — help 是动词，后接宾格。 6. my — 后有名词 bike，用形容词性物主代词。 7. his; mine — 第一空后无名词用名词性 his；第二空后无名词用名词性 mine。 8. your — 后有名词 dictionary，用形容词性物主代词。 9. Her — 后有名词 bag，用形容词性物主代词，句首大写。 10. Ours — 后无名词，用名词性物主代词，句首大写。 B组·能力提升 11. B — 第一空后无名词用 mine；第二空后无名词用 hers。故选 B。 12. A — 前句提到"两栋新楼"，两者都应用 both。故选 A。 13. C — Would you like...? 用 some 表建议；否定句中用 any。故选 C。 14. D — money 为不可数名词，由后句"你能借我一些吗"可知"几乎没有钱"，用 little。故选 D。 15. A — 由"考试太难"可知"没有学生通过"，三个以上用 none。故选 A。 16. are → is — Everybody 作主语，谓语用单数。 17. it → that — 替代前文的不可数名词 weather，用 that 不用 it。正确说法：The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai. 18. are → is — either...or... 连接两个主语时，谓语与最近的主语 Tom 一致，用 is。 C组·中考实战 19. them — for 是介词，后接人称代词宾格。 20. herself — by oneself 固定搭配，主语是 Lily，用 herself。 21. All — 指代前文所有学生（三人以上），用 All。 22. yourselves — help oneself to... 固定搭配，对老人们说，用复数 yourselves。 23. us — told 是动词，后接宾格。 24. something — 肯定句中用 something，meaningful 修饰复合不定代词时后置。 25. said — 短文整体为过去时，say 的过去式是 said。 26. B — 第一空后有名词 notebook，用 your；第二空后无名词，用 mine。故选 B。 27. B — another 意为"另一个"（没有明确范围），用于指三者及以上的"再一个"。故选 B。 28. D — 由后句"你需要再想想"可知两个答案都不对，用 neither。故选 D。 附：本讲速记卡 代词·核心考点速记 🔹 人称代词口诀： 主格放在动词前，宾格放在动介后。 I me / he him / she her / we us / they them， you 和 it 不变身。 🔹 物主代词口诀： 有名则形（形容词性），无名则名（名词性）。 my→mine，your→yours，his its 不变； her→hers，our→ours，their→theirs。 🔹 few / little 口诀： 有 a 有"几个/一点"，无 a 是"几乎没"。 few/a few 管可数，little/a little 管不可数。 🔹 both/either/neither 口诀： both 两者都，谓语复数； either 二选一，neither 两者都不，谓语单数。 🔹 复合不定代词口诀： 复合代词作主语，谓语动词用单数； 形容词要修饰，放在代词后边去。 本讲结束——完成以上练习后，建议对照解析逐题订正，将错题记录到"易错本"中，考前重点复习。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $