2027届高考英语一轮复习之阅读理解（议论文）15篇（浙江专用）

**基本信息** 聚焦议论文阅读专项，精选15篇涵盖公益、教育、励志等多元话题的文本，通过多样化题型训练语言理解与批判性思维，契合高考命题趋势。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |议论文阅读|15篇（含公益帮扶、教育创新等话题）|以主旨归纳、推理判断、观点态度题为主|通过不同话题文本构建“话题理解-题型突破-思维提升”逻辑链条，强化语言能力与思维品质|

2027届高考英语一轮复习（浙江专用） 阅读理解议论文15篇 序号 核心内容总结 核心话题分类 1 一对德国夫妇远赴长沙投身公益，帮扶听障儿童，后续创办面包店，优先聘用听障群体，为其提供平等就业岗位，用行动传递善意、温暖与社会希望。 公益帮扶、人文善意 2 两位教育工作者创新教学模式，打造BallMatics项目，将篮球运动与数学教学融合，借助学生兴趣激发学习动力，有效助力学生学业提升。 教育创新、趣味教学 3 身患脑瘫的长跑爱好者迈克尔，在公益组织协助下与马克斯结成搭档，共同征战六大马拉松赛事，二人相互扶持、彼此成就，收获真挚珍贵的友谊。 励志成长、友谊陪伴 4 一名失聪的斯坦福大学生突破身体局限，凭借手语顺利加入校马术队，与教练、队友缔结深厚情谊，这段独特的马术经历也为其后续写作事业提供了丰富灵感。 突破自我、青春成长 5 作者远赴法国小众的克勒兹省，重走印象派大师莫奈的写生之路，寻访曾赋予莫奈无尽创作灵感的自然风光，追溯艺术创作的本源。 艺术溯源、人文旅行 6 克里斯汀在丈夫病逝后，立志投身医护行业回馈社会善意，求学之路坎坷多难，最终在公益机构VOA的全程帮扶下，顺利圆梦成为一名护士。 感恩回馈、励志追梦 7 作者年少时因电脑游戏萌生对计算机的热爱，虽迫于家人期望多次转专业，但始终坚持自学编程，坚守初心最终如愿成为专业软件工程师。 初心坚守、职业追梦 8 一位女士在芝加哥公园不慎遗失钱包，两名陌生女子及时识破可疑人员，成功夺回钱包并妥善保管、等候失主，陌生人的善意之举让当事人满心感恩。 陌生人善意、社会温情 9 作者常年与在谷仓筑巢的燕子相伴，燕子筑巢位置危险、易遭遇飞鸟袭击受伤，时常给作者带来困扰，但作者依旧珍惜这份自然陪伴，心怀复杂温情。 自然相伴、生活温情 10 毛里求斯海域遭遇石油泄漏灾难，当地渔民彻底失去生计，桑迪带领乡村女性抱团转型、创办农场，依托农业自救脱困，开启全新生活。 灾难自救、女性力量 11 七岁男孩何塞创新打造生态学生银行，推行废品回收储蓄模式，让孩子们在实践中学习理财知识、树立环保理念，该公益创新项目收获巨大成功。 少年创新、环保理财 12 作者回忆父亲教自己开车的亲身经历，以四路停车路口礼让行人为喻，阐释遵守规则、互帮互助能够惠及所有人的人生哲理。 人生感悟、规则与善意 13 作者追忆已故的巴德阿姨，以红衣凤头鸟作为阿姨的精神象征，结合自己大学时期获教授肯定的圣诞主题作文，讲述温情的节日故事与思念之情。 温情回忆、精神寄托 14 按照时间顺序完整介绍超现实主义艺术大师萨尔瓦多・达利的一生，涵盖其求学成长、开启超现实主义创作、晚年患病离世的完整人生轨迹。 艺术人物、人生历程 15 美国“天使航班”公益组织的志愿飞行员，无偿接送偏远地区癌症患儿前往异地医院就医，无私为病痛孩童送去希望与温暖。 公益志愿、无私奉献 Passage 1 The rise of digital reading has sparked considerable debate among educators and parents about its impact on children’s literacy development. While traditional reading advocates worry that screens are replacing print, research in educational psychology suggests that digital reading offers unique benefits that, when properly integrated, can enhance rather than diminish reading skills. One of the most significant advantages of digital reading is its capacity to engage struggling readers. Interactive features — such as text-to-speech, built-in dictionaries, and clickable annotations — provide scaffolding that helps children overcome comprehension barriers. A 2023 study from the University of Cambridge followed 500 primary school students over two years and found that those using digital reading platforms with interactive support showed greater reading comprehension gains than peers using print-only materials, particularly among students with reading difficulties. Digital reading also promotes information literacy, a crucial skill in the modern world. Children who read on digital devices learn to navigate hyperlinks, evaluate sources, and synthesize information from multiple formats. These skills translate directly to the research abilities they’ll need in higher education and the workplace. Educators interviewed for the study noted that students who read both digitally and in print demonstrated superior critical thinking when evaluating online sources. However, the benefits depend heavily on intentional usage. Research indicates that simply providing children with tablets does not automatically improve reading. The key is guided digital reading — where parents or teachers actively participate, asking questions, connecting content to real-life experiences, and helping children transfer comprehension strategies between media. Some concerns about digital reading persist. Parents worry that the distractions of other applications will compete for attention. Others fear that screen time displaces valuable print reading experiences. The evidence shows that balanced integration, not elimination, is the solution. Children benefit most when they have access to both high-quality print and digital materials, with guidance in how to use each medium effectively. Far from being an enemy of literacy, digital reading, thoughtfully implemented, can be a powerful ally in developing competent, versatile readers for the 21st century. 1．What is digital reading often regarded as by some traditional reading advocates? A．A threat to literacy development. B．A helpful tool for struggling readers. C．A replacement for traditional education. D．A method to enhance information literacy. 2．How does the Cambridge study support the benefits of digital reading? A．It observed students using print-only materials. B．It compared digital readers with print-only readers. C．It focused on students with no reading difficulties. D．It tracked students over a five-year period. 3．According to the passage, what is essential for digital reading to be beneficial? A．Children should only read on tablets. B．Parents or teachers should guide the reading. C．Students must avoid print materials. D．Schools should ban distractions. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards digital reading? A．Suspicious. B．Supportive with conditions. C．Strongly opposed. D．Indifferent. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文主要探讨的是数字阅读对儿童读写能力发展的影响，分析了其优势与注意事项，并提出了平衡使用的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“While traditional reading advocates worry that screens are replacing print, research in educational psychology suggests that digital reading offers unique benefits that, when properly integrated, can enhance rather than diminish reading skills. (虽然传统阅读倡导者担心屏幕正在取代印刷品，但教育心理学的研究表明，数字阅读提供了独特的好处，当正确整合时，可以增强而不是削弱阅读技能。)”可知，一些传统阅读倡导者认为数字阅读是对读写能力发展的威胁。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“A 2023 study from the University of Cambridge followed 500 primary school students over two years and found that those using digital reading platforms with interactive support showed greater reading comprehension gains than peers using print-only materials, particularly among students with reading difficulties. (剑桥大学2023年的一项研究在两年内跟踪了500名小学生，发现那些使用具有互动支持的数字阅读平台的学生比仅使用印刷材料的同龄人表现出更大的阅读理解进步，尤其是在有阅读困难的学生中。)”可知，剑桥研究通过比较数字阅读者和仅使用印刷材料者来支持数字阅读的益处。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“The key is guided digital reading — where parents or teachers actively participate, asking questions, connecting content to real-life experiences, and helping children transfer comprehension strategies between media. (关键是引导式数字阅读——家长或教师积极参与，提出问题，将内容与现实生活经验联系起来，并帮助孩子在不同媒介之间转移理解策略。)”可知，要想发挥数字阅读的益处，家长或教师的引导至关重要。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Far from being an enemy of literacy, digital reading, thoughtfully implemented, can be a powerful ally in developing competent, versatile readers for the 21st century. (数字阅读远非读写能力的敌人，如果经过深思熟虑地实施，可以成为培养21世纪有能力、多才多艺的读者的强大盟友。)”以及文中对数字阅读优势的肯定和对平衡使用的强调可知，作者对数字阅读持支持态度，但认为需要满足一定条件。 Passage 2 Berlin’s East Side Gallery attracts millions of visitors each year. Tourists crowd before vibrant murals (壁画) painted after the Cold War, but few pause to consider what lies beneath the paint: an original section of the Berlin Wall. The art has become the attraction; the history it covers has faded into background. This pattern extends far beyond Berlin. Across the globe, old buildings fall for new developments. The logic seems unarguable: cities must grow, economies must expand. But what disappears when we erase (清除) the physical traces of our past? Urban historian Dolores Hayden describes cities as “palimpsests” — manuscripts written upon repeatedly, earlier versions never fully erased. In her study of Los Angeles, she documented how development projects repeatedly tore down communities inhabited by Mexican-American and African-American families, replacing them with freeways and squares. The new structures served economic ambitions, but they also erased material evidence that these communities ever existed. “When the buildings disappear,” Hayden writes, “so does the tangible (有形的) proof that these people lived here, worked here, mattered here.” Some argue that memory can survive through photographs and documents. In fact, there is a difference between knowing about a place and experiencing it. A photograph of an old church conveys its appearance; walking through its doors conveys something else entirely — the height of the ceiling, the echo of footsteps, the weight of silence. These are not details; they are the substance of embodied memory. Research in environmental psychology suggests that physical spaces maintain collective identity. When communities lose familiar landmarks, they lose reference points that connect individuals to shared history. The result can be spatial disorientation — not merely not knowing where you are, but not knowing who you are in relation to those who came before. None of this argues against all development. Every generation inherits a city and passes one on. Some walls are meant to fall. Others are meant to stand — physical spaces ground memory in ways that images alone cannot, grounding us in a past that continues to shape who we are. 1．What is the function of paragraph 1? A．To present a phenomenon and introduce the topic. B．To contrast historical significance with modern appeal. C．To criticize the over-commercialization of historic sites. D．To explain why history is overlooked and underestimated. 2．What does the example of Los Angeles intend to illustrate? A．The cost of urban development. B．The role of economic ambitions. C．The preservation of tangible proof. D．The success of redevelopment projects. 3．What can be inferred about the communities losing landmarks? A．They cherish shared history. B．They face identity confusion. C．They maintain collective identity. D．They prioritize growth over memory. 4．What does the text convey? A．History outweighs art in value. B．Photos preserve memory inadequately. C．Cities face a growth-or-history choice. D．Physical spaces hold irreplaceable memory. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】文章借柏林墙等例子，指出城市开发易抹去历史痕迹，而实体空间承载着不可替代的集体记忆与身份认同，城市发展不应忽视历史留存。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Berlin’s East Side Gallery attracts millions of visitors each year. Tourists crowd before vibrant murals (壁画) painted after the Cold War, but few pause to consider what lies beneath the paint: an original section of the Berlin Wall. The art has become the attraction; the history it covers has faded into background. This pattern extends far beyond Berlin. Across the globe, old buildings fall for new developments. The logic seems unarguable: cities must grow, economies must expand. But what disappears when we erase (清除) the physical traces of our past?(柏林的东区画廊每年吸引数以百万计的游客。游客们在冷战后绘制的充满活力的壁画前熙熙攘攘，但很少有人停下来思考这些画作之下隐藏着什么：那是柏林墙的一段原始留存墙体。艺术成为了这里的吸引点；而它所涵盖的历史则逐渐被置于背景之中。这种模式在柏林之外也普遍存在。在全球范围内，老旧建筑为了新的发展而被拆除。这种逻辑似乎无可辩驳：城市必须发展，经济必须扩张。但当我们抹去我们过去的物质痕迹时，又会失去什么呢？)”可知，第一段的作用是描述一种现象并引入主题。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“In her study of Los Angeles, she documented how development projects repeatedly tore down communities inhabited by Mexican-American and African-American families, replacing them with freeways and squares. The new structures served economic ambitions, but they also erased material evidence that these communities ever existed. “When the buildings disappear,” Hayden writes, “so does the tangible (有形的) proof that these people lived here, worked here, mattered here.”(在她对洛杉矶的调研中，她记录了开发项目如何一次又一次地拆除墨西哥裔美国家庭和非裔美国家庭居住的社区，取而代之的是高速公路和广场。这些新的建筑是为了实现经济目标，但它们也抹去了这些社区曾经存在的物质证据。“当建筑消失时，”海登写道，“这些人曾在此生活、工作、拥有重要意义的有形证据也随之消失。”)”可知，洛杉矶这个例子意在说明城市发展的成本。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“When communities lose familiar landmarks, they lose reference points that connect individuals to shared history. The result can be spatial disorientation — not merely not knowing where you are, but not knowing who you are in relation to those who came before.(当社区失去了那些人们所熟悉的地标性建筑时，他们也就失去了能够将个体与共同历史联系起来的参照点。其结果可能是空间上的迷失方向——不仅是指不知道自己身处何地，还意味着不清楚自己与那些先辈们在何种关系中相联系)”可知，那些失去标志性建筑的社区会面临身份认同的混乱。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段“None of this argues against all development. Every generation inherits a city and passes one on. Some walls are meant to fall. Others are meant to stand — physical spaces ground memory in ways that images alone cannot, grounding us in a past that continues to shape who we are.(上述观点并非反对一切发展。每一代人都会继承一座城市，并将其传承下去。有些城墙注定要倒塌，而另一些则注定要屹立不倒——这些有形的空间以一种仅靠图像无法实现的方式，将记忆固定下来，使我们深深扎根于过去，而过去也持续塑造着我们的身份)”可知，文章核心观点是实体空间拥有不可替代的记忆承载作用。 Passage 3 Community service, often defined as voluntary work intended to help people in a particular area, has been added to high school curricula(课程) worldwide. One of the main reasons for adding community service to high school education is its obvious impact on personal growth and development. Through community service, students gain valuable life skills that traditional classroom instruction may not fully provide. Moreover, community service provides a real-world context for students to apply academic(学术的) knowledge. For example, a student interested in biology might volunteer at a local animal shelter or take part in conservation projects, gaining practical experience that enriches his/her understanding of classroom theories. Another important benefit of community service is that it helps high school students develop social responsibility and social awareness. By doing community service activities, students become more aware of societal issues. And they will realize the importance of contributing to the common good. Despite its benefits, the introduction of community service to high school curricula is not without challenges. One common concern is that community service may add more stress to high school students who are already under a lot of pressure. Balancing academics, extracurricular activities and personal affairs can be hard, and community service might make them more tired and stressed. Additionally, the quality and accessibility of community service opportunities can be different in different areas. Students in schools or communities with few resources may have fewer opportunities for meaningful service experiences. This actually widens the gap between students. In conclusion, while community service in high school presents certain challenges, its benefits for personal growth and academic enrichment are clear. By adding community service to high school curricula, educators can equip students with essential life skills, develop their sense of public duty and increase their social awareness. Community service not only prepares students for future academic and professional plans but also shapes helpful citizens who are willing to make a positive difference to their communities. 1．What does the author want to tell us in paragraph 2? A．The benefits of community service. B．The importance of learning life skills. C．The advantages of gaining practical experiences. D．The necessity of developing social responsibility. 2．What’s the concern about adding community service to high school education? A．It leads to decrease in extracurricular activities. B．It challenges traditional classroom instruction. C．It increases students’ pressure. D．It affects school work. 3．According to paragraph 4, what may lead to unfairness between students? A．The different academic tasks. B．The unequal access to resources. C．The lack of social awareness. D．The individual differences. 4．What does the author think of community service? A．It takes up too much of students’ study time. B．It should be promoted worldwide. C．It aims to develop academic talents. D．It has a positive influence on students. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要围绕将社区服务纳入高中课程这一话题展开，既论述了社区服务对高中生的诸多益处，也分析了推行该举措面临的挑战，最后作者总结了社区服务对学生成长发展的积极价值。 1．主旨大意题。通过阅读第二段内容可知，该段首句“One of the main reasons for adding community service to high school education is its obvious impact on personal growth and development.(将社区服务纳入高中教育的主要原因之一，是它对个人成长和发展具有明显的影响。)”点明段落主旨：社区服务纳入高中教育对个人成长发展有显著作用，并在该段后文通过“Through community service, students gain valuable life skills that traditional classroom instruction may not fully provide. Moreover, community service provides a real-world context for students to apply academic knowledge.(通过社区服务，学生能够获得传统课堂教学难以完全提供的宝贵生活技能。此外，社区服务为学生提供了应用学术知识的现实场景。)”以及“Another important benefit of community service is that it helps high school students develop social responsibility and social awareness.(社区服务的另一个重要益处是，它有助于高中生培养社会责任感和社会意识。)”详细讲述了其益处。因此，整段围绕社区服务的诸多益处展开。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“One common concern is that community service may add more stress to high school students who are already under a lot of pressure.(一个普遍的担忧是，社区服务可能会给本就承受巨大压力的高中生带来更多的压力。)”可知，人们担忧该举措会增加学生的压力。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容“Additionally, the quality and accessibility of community service opportunities can be different in different areas. Students in schools or communities with few resources may have fewer opportunities for meaningful service experiences. This actually widens the gap between students.(此外，不同地区社区服务机会的质量和可及性可能存在差异。资源匮乏的学校或社区的学生可能获得有意义的服务体验的机会更少，这实际上拉大学生之间的差距。)”可知，不同地区社区服务资源、机会不均；资源匮乏地区的学生缺少有意义的实践机会，拉大学生间差距。因此，资源获取的不平等会造成学生之间的不公平。 4．推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“In conclusion, while community service in high school presents certain challenges, its benefits for personal growth and academic enrichment are clear.(总之，尽管高中阶段的社区服务存在一些挑战，但其对个人成长和学业拓展带来的益处是显而易见的。)”可知，作者认为社区服务对学生有积极影响。 Passage 4 Are your online browsing (浏览) habits changing? If so, the answer might lie with the answer engine. It is not often that a dictionary takes someone to court. But in September 2025, the Merriam-Webster Dictionary and its parent company, Encyclopedia Britannica Inc, did exactly that. They accused an answer engine called Perplexity AI of unlawfully copying their content and reducing their ability to make money and financial income by taking away visitors from their websites. The lawsuit (诉讼) also claimed that the answer engine had harmed Merriam-Webster’s trademark by linking false information (made up by the AI) to the dictionary. An answer engine is an online tool that provides AI-generated responses to queries (提问), instead of a list of web results for users to browse themselves. In contrast with a traditional search engine, which acts as a middleman between users seeking information and web publishers who provide it, answer engines do the digging for the user by copying data from websites and summarizing it in the form of a direct answer. Even the world’s largest search engine, Google, is adding AI answers above its regular search results. This shift is changing how business is done on the Internet. Fewer people are clicking through to original websites and, zero clicks means a drop in ad incomes and subscriptions. Publishing platforms and content creators are finding that their old strategy for getting noticed online, including search engine optimisation (SEO), is losing its power. They are now trying new methods, like answer engine optimization (AEO). As today’s answer engines steal traffic from websites and the whole economy of the Internet finds itself in change, language relating to the Internet will change too. Users will switch from searching with keywords to asking complex questions in natural, conversational language. Terms such as traffic, hits and clicks are already giving way to content, cited sources and AI mentions. When machines start answering for us, what happens to the joy and luck of discovering for ourselves? Will we keep browsing, exploring and surfing the Internet, if the active role of users is taken over by the uniform output of an answer engine? 1．Why did the Merriam-Webster Dictionary initiate a lawsuit? A．To protect the privacy of its users. B．To accuse Perplexity AI of copying. C．To prevent the spread of false information. D．To defend its trademark and financial interests. 2．How is an answer engine different from a traditional search engine? A．It helps publishers increase income. B．It creates original content not result lists. C．It acts as a final interpreter, not just a gateway. D．It provides free search engines for professionals. 3．What concern does the author express about answer engines? A．Replacing online business. B．Forcing users to pay for AI services. C．Making Internet language complicated. D．Taking away the joy of personal discovery. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Dictionaries’ New Era With AI B．The Rise and Risk of Answer Engines C．Answer Engines: From Search to Answer D．Dictionary Shift: From Paper to E-paper 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】文章以词典出版商起诉答案引擎Perplexity AI为引子，介绍了答案引擎的工作原理及其与传统搜索引擎的区别，并探讨了这种技术变革对互联网经济、内容创作和用户行为可能带来的影响与风险。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的句子“They accused an answer engine called Perplexity AI of unlawfully copying their content and reducing their ability to make money and financial income by taking away visitors from their websites. The lawsuit (诉讼) also claimed that the answer engine had harmed Merriam-Webster’s trademark by linking false information (made up by the AI) to the dictionary. (他们指控一款名为Perplexity AI的答案引擎非法复制其内容，并通过抢走其网站的访问者来降低其赚钱和获得经济收入的能力。该诉讼还声称，该答案引擎通过将人工智能编造的虚假信息与词典关联，损害了韦氏词典的商标权。)”可知，韦氏词典提起诉讼是为了维护其商标权和经济利益。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的句子“An answer engine is an online tool that provides AI-generated responses to queries (提问), instead of a list of web results for users to browse themselves. In contrast with a traditional search engine, which acts as a middleman between users seeking information and web publishers who provide it, answer engines do the digging for the user by copying data from websites and summarizing it in the form of a direct answer. (答案引擎是一种在线工具，它为查询提供人工智能生成的响应，而不是让用户自己浏览的网页结果列表。与传统搜索引擎不同，传统搜索引擎是寻求信息的用户和提供信息的网络发布者之间的中间人，而答案引擎则通过从网站复制数据并以直接答案的形式进行总结，为用户挖掘信息。)”可知，答案引擎与传统搜索引擎的不同在于它充当最终的解释者，而不仅仅是一个连接信息的门户。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的句子“When machines start answering for us, what happens to the joy and luck of discovering for ourselves? Will we keep browsing, exploring and surfing the Internet, if the active role of users is taken over by the uniform output of an answer engine? (当机器开始为我们解答问题时，我们自己探索发现的乐趣和幸运会发生什么变化？如果用户的主动角色被答案引擎的统一输出所取代，我们还会继续浏览、探索和网上冲浪吗？)”可知，作者对答案引擎表达的担忧是它会夺走个人探索发现的乐趣。 4．主旨大意题。文章以韦氏词典起诉答案引擎的事件引入，主要介绍了答案引擎的兴起，以及它带来的版权争议、对互联网商业模式的冲击，还有对用户探索乐趣的影响等风险。所以“答案引擎的兴起与风险”适合作为文章的标题。 Passage 5 Christmas stockings may contain more surprises than usual this year, as children open presents that can talk back. Toymakers in China have declared 2025 the year of artificial intelligence (AI) and are producing robots and teddies that can teach, play and tell stories. In work and play, AI is reshaping childhood. It promises every child the kind of upbringing previously available only to the rich, with private tutors, personalized courses and tailored entertainment. A childhood fit for a king could become universal. Technology is creating new forms of fun, too. Hollywood may dismiss AI videos as low-quality stuff, but young people are consuming them and making their own. There are well-publicized risks in letting children loose on an evolving technology. Yet childhood may be disrupted most radically by things that AI does when it is behaving as intended. The technology quickly learns what its master likes — and shows more of it. Social-media feeds have already created echo chambers (回声室) where people see only views they agree with. Not only does this destroy serendipity. A favorites-only diet means a child need never learn to tolerate something unfamiliar. One-sided relationships with chatbots present a similar risk. AI companions that never criticize, nor share feelings of their own, are a poor preparation for dealing with imperfect humans. Yes-bots threaten to create children not used to taking turns, who grow up into colleagues unable to compromise and partners unfamiliar with the give-and-take required in a relationship. It is a future filled with opportunities and hidden traps. AI shows undeniable potential to improve education and enrich entertainment. It may one day let every child live like royalty. But as real kings often discover, a specially designed upbringing can also be a lonely and atomized one. The truly privileged may be those whose parents and teachers know when to turn it off. 1．What can we infer from paragraph 2 about AI? A．It challenges the standards of traditional industries. B．It makes entertainment more exciting and diverse. C．It aims to make all children’s experiences luxurious. D．It opens access to high-quality nurturing for all. 2．What does the underlined word “serendipity” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Treasure. B．Surprise. C．Tradition. D．Motivation. 3．What is the main danger of “Yes-bots” in paragraph 4? A．They leave children without key social skills. B．They lower children’s interest in real social life. C．They give children inaccurate information. D．They cost too much for average families. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Talking Toys: Risks in AI Companionship B．AI Revolution: Technology’s Total Transformation C．Reshaped Childhood: Promise and Risk of AI D．A Personalized tutor: AI’s Educational Promise 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】主要讲述人工智能重塑孩童生活，既带来优质成长机遇，也暗藏社交缺失等各类隐患。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It promises every child the kind of upbringing previously available only to the rich, with private tutors, personalized courses and tailored entertainment.(它承诺给每个孩子以往只有富人才能享有的养育，配备私人辅导、定制课程与专属娱乐。)”可知，人工智能让所有孩子都能获得高品质的成长培育。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Social-media feeds have already created echo chambers (回声室) where people see only views they agree with. Not only does this destroy serendipity. A favorites-only diet means a child need never learn to tolerate something unfamiliar.(社交媒体推送打造了回声室，人们只能看见认同的观点。这不仅毁掉serendipity，只接触喜好内容让孩子无法学着包容陌生事物。)”可知，算法只推送合意内容，使人失去偶遇新奇事物的惊喜，由此可知，划线单词serendipity含义为“惊喜”与surprise的意义相近。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Yes-bots threaten to create children not used to taking turns, who grow up into colleagues unable to compromise and partners unfamiliar with the give-and-take required in a relationship.(顺从机器人容易养出不懂轮流谦让的孩子，他们长大后，会变成不懂妥协的同事，以及在亲密关系里不懂得相互迁就、有来有往的伴侣)”可知，这类机器人会致使孩子缺失关键社交能力。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是尾段中的“It is a future filled with opportunities and hidden traps. AI shows undeniable potential to improve education and enrich entertainment. It may one day let every child live like royalty. But as real kings often discover, a specially designed upbringing can also be a lonely and atomized one.(这是一个充满机遇与暗藏陷阱的未来，人工智能在优化教育、丰富娱乐方面潜力突出。它或许终有一天能让每个孩子过上贵族般的生活，但正如真正的君王常会发现，量身定制的成长环境也可能使人孤单、孤僻。)”可知，文章围绕人工智能改变童年生活展开，既介绍AI带来的发展利好，又阐述其潜藏的各类风险，因此“Reshaped Childhood: Promise and Risk of AI(重塑的童年：人工智能的机遇与隐患)”能够完整概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。 Passage 6 For decades, mathematics has been commonly thought to be a discipline that requires creativity, judgment and careful thinking, which can never be fully copied by machines. Complex proofs and the joy of discovery were thought to be beyond the reach of artificial intelligence. But this era is coming to an end. Driven by AI systems that have advanced from solving textbook problems to contributing to cutting-edge research, mathematics is experiencing the biggest change in its history, challenging people’s long-held assumptions about what machines can and cannot do. The rapid development of AI has been totally unexpected for everyone, including some experts. In March 2025, Daniel Litt, a mathematician at the University of Toronto, made a public bet with a colleague that AI would have only a 25% chance of autonomously producing a top-level mathematical paper by 2030. As a well-known figure who doubted the overstated power of AI, he was confident in his bet. However, just one year later, he declared on his blog that he expected to lose the bet, as AI’s progress in mathematics over the 12 months was much faster than he had predicted. A few years ago, AI struggled to solve high school math problems consistently, but now it can tackle research-level questions and even achieve gold-medal-level results in the International Mathematics Olympiad. AI systems like DeepMind’s Aletheia can propose proof strategies and solve research problems, though verifying (验证) their results remains a challenge. Meanwhile, AI has been integrated into research workflows, automating the verification of complex proofs that once took experts months to finish. While some mathematicians worry that over-reliance on AI may reduce human creativity, many remain optimistic. They believe mathematics will adapt to this change, as it has done before. Litt’s bet has become a marker of this shift, showing that mathematics is being remade and the role of mathematicians is being redefined. In this new era, AI is not replacing humans but cooperating with them, reshaping the field of mathematics that has stood for thousands of years. 1．What is mathematics universally acknowledged from the text? A．It’s unique to human beings. B．It’s driven by the AI systems. C．It’s easy for machines to master. D．It’s based on conventional thinking. 2．Why is the bet of Daniel Litt mentioned? A．To spread a strategy. B．To explain a rule. C．To make an attempt. D．To prove a point. 3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The tasks AI fails to finish. B．The strategies AI uses in research. C．The limits of AI in mathematics. D．The progress of AI in mathematics. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Is AI Reshaping Mathematics? B．Will AI Dominate Mathematics? C．Does AI Change Mathematical Proof? D．Can AI Replace Human Mathematicians? 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】文章介绍AI飞速进军数学领域，重塑该领域，与人合作而非取代人类。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“For decades, mathematics has been commonly thought to be a discipline that requires creativity, judgment and careful thinking, which can never be fully copied by machines.(几十年来，数学普遍被认为是一门需要创造力、判断力和缜密思考的学科，是机器永远无法完全复制的。)”可知，数学曾被认为是人类独有的学科。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“The rapid development of AI has been totally unexpected for everyone, including some experts. ... However, just one year later, he declared on his blog that he expected to lose the bet, as AI’s progress in mathematics over the 12 months was much faster than he had predicted.(人工智能的飞速发展完全出乎所有人意料，包括一些专家。……然而仅仅一年后，他就在博客上宣布自己预计会输掉这个赌注，因为过去12个月里AI在数学领域的进展远比他预测的要快。)”可知，列举此人打赌的事例，是为了证明AI数学发展速度远超预期的观点。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“A few years ago, AI struggled to solve high school math problems consistently, but now it can tackle research-level questions and even achieve gold-medal-level results in the International Mathematics Olympiad. AI systems like DeepMind’s Aletheia can propose proof strategies and solve research problems, though verifying (验证) their results remains a challenge. Meanwhile, AI has been integrated into research workflows, automating the verification of complex proofs that once took experts months to finish.(几年前，人工智能还难以稳定解决高中数学题，但现在它已能处理研究级别的问题，甚至能在国际数学奥林匹克竞赛中获得金牌级别的成绩。像DeepMind的Aletheia这样的人工智能系统可以提出证明策略并解决研究问题，尽管验证其结果仍是一个挑战。与此同时，人工智能已被整合到研究工作流程中，将曾经需要专家数月才能完成的复杂证明验证工作实现了自动化。)”可知，本段主要介绍人工智能在数学领域取得的巨大进步。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段中“In this new era, AI is not replacing humans but cooperating with them, reshaping the field of mathematics that has stood for thousands of years.(在这个新时代，人工智能并非取代人类，而是与人类合作，重塑着这个屹立数千年的数学领域。)”可知，文章核心是AI正在重塑数学领域。“Is AI Reshaping Mathematics?(人工智能正在重塑数学吗？)”可作为本文最佳标题。 Passage 7 Meritocracy (精英管理制度) is a central concept in sociology, referring to a system where individuals’ success is determined by their ability and skills rather than social background or wealth. Originally introduced by Michael Young in 1958, it has become a widely discussed ideal — praised for its promise of equality yet widely debated due to its practical limitations. The key principles are based on “ability-based success”, including equal opportunity for all, emphasis on individual achievement and responsibility, competition as a driver of excellence, and focus on efficiency. These principles imply that through healthy competition, the most capable and hardworking individuals rise to the top, with success viewed as a result of one’s own efforts rather than family connections. The main benefit lies in fairness and social mobility. By rewarding talent and hard work over privilege (特权), meritocracy encourages individuals to invest in developing their abilities and striving for improvement. This encouragement inspires motivation and innovation, develops a sense of control over one’s destiny, and drives societal dynamism. Most importantly, it offers a pathway for disadvantaged individuals to move up the social ladder, breaking cycles of intergenerational poverty through personal efforts. However, meritocracy has significant disadvantages. First, it can reinforce existing inequalities: privileged individuals often have better access to quality education, resources, and social networks, giving an unfair head start. This weakness arises from the unrealistic assumption that everyone starts from the same line, ignoring systemic barriers such as poverty or unequal educational access. Second, meritocracy tends to define competence narrowly, prioritizing intellectual ability or economic productivity while overlooking qualities like empathy, creativity or teamwork. Additionally, its emphasis on individual competition can lead to intense psychological stress and extreme individualism, harming social unity. In conclusion, meritocracy promotes equal opportunity, individual effort and competition. It offers fairness and social mobility but reinforces inequality, ignores systemic barriers, and defines abilities too narrowly. Given these factors, meritocracy should be abandoned as a social ideal — it is false and encourages selfishness and indifference to the unfortunate. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Individuals’ competition and efficiency. B．The link between success and effort. C．Personal achievement and responsibility. D．Meritocracy’s principles and significance. 2．What can be inferred about meritocracy? A．It may cause stress and weaken the sense of community. B．It assumes success largely depends on social background. C．It values emotional intelligence more than intellectual ability. D．It claims family wealth fails to affect educational opportunities. 3．How does the author develop the text? A．By listing some facts. B．By comparing pros and cons. C．By citing expert opinions. D．By explaining a definition. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To question a major concept in sociology. B．To introduce the history of a sociological concept. C．To discuss effective ways to promote social equality. D．To show how people can succeed in a meritocratic system. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】文章介绍精英管理制度的定义、核心原则与优势，分析其存在的弊端，最终表明作者否定该制度作为社会理想的态度。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The key principles are based on “ability-based success”, including equal opportunity for all, emphasis on individual achievement and responsibility, competition as a driver of excellence, and focus on efficiency. These principles imply that through healthy competition, the most capable and hardworking individuals rise to the top, with success viewed as a result of one’s own efforts rather than family connections.(其核心原则基于“能力制胜”，包括人人机会平等、重视个人成就与责任、以竞争驱动卓越以及注重效率。这些原则意味着通过良性竞争，最有能力、最勤奋的人能够脱颖而出，成功被视为个人努力的结果而非人脉的结果)”可知，第二段主要介绍精英管理制度的核心原则及其内涵意义。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Additionally, its emphasis on individual competition can lead to intense psychological stress and extreme individualism, harming social unity.(此外，它对个人竞争的重视会导致严重的心理压力和极端的个人主义，损害社会团结)”可知，精英管理制度可能造成压力，并削弱社会集体意识。 3．推理判断题。文章首段给出精英管理制度定义，第二段阐述了精英管理制度所依据的四大核心原则，第三段介绍其优势，第四段阐述其弊端，尾段总结利弊并给出评价。全文通过对比优缺点展开行文。 4．推理判断题。根据首段“Originally introduced by Michael Young in 1958, it has become a widely discussed ideal — praised for its promise of equality yet widely debated due to its practical limitations.()praised for its promise of equality yet widely debated due to its practical limitations.(因其平等愿景备受赞誉，却也因现实局限广受争议)”以及尾段“Given these factors, meritocracy should be abandoned as a social ideal — it is false and encourages selfishness and indifference to the unfortunate.(基于这些因素，精英管理制度不应作为社会理想，它是虚假的，还会助长自私与对弱者的冷漠)”可知，作者旨在探讨并质疑精英制度这一社会学概念。 Passage 8 A recent study led by Stanford University researchers has revealed a striking finding: online images are far more powerful than text in strengthening gender stereotypes (刻板印象),with long-lasting effects on people’s opinions. Published in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science in November 2024, the research examined how search engines and social media platforms increase gender-biased (性别偏见的) views through visual content. The team designed a series of experiments involving over 1,200 participants. In one key test, half the group searched for “doctor” or “nurse” on a popular search engine and viewed mainly image results, while the other half read only text articles about these professions. Those who saw images showed a 37% stronger association between “doctor” and “male” and “nurse” and “female” compared to the text-only group. Even more worryingly, the biased perceptions persisted for at least one week after the experiment, whereas the text group’s stereotypes faded within 48 hours. The researchers explained that algorithms (算法) create a self-reinforcing cycle that worsens the problem. When users click on gender-stereotypical images, the algorithm learns their preferences and pushes more similar content. This cycle not only strengthens existing biases but also makes them more difficult to change. “Images are more ‘sticky’ than text — they leave a deeper impression and are harder to unlearn,” said lead researcher Dr. Sarah Chen, noting that visual information is processed more quickly and emotionally by the human brain. Dr. Michael Lee, a co-author, added that the issue is particularly urgent for young people. “Adolescents are forming their identity and career goals. Constant exposure to such biased images may limit their view of what they can achieve,” he warned. The study calls on tech companies to adjust their algorithms to reduce the spread of stereotypical visuals and for educators to teach media analysis skills that help students analyze online content. However, the researchers also pointed out a positive side. By making small changes to search algorithms, such as diversifying image results for job-related searches, tech platforms can significantly weaken the feedback loop. A follow-up experiment found that when participants were shown a balanced mix of male and female professionals in images, their gender biases decreased by 29% within a month. 1．What does the Stanford study focus on? A．The influence of visual content. B．The connection of images and text. C．The present situation of social media. D．The speed of spreading images online. 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．Algorithmic patterns enhance unfair prejudices. B．Individual clicks help reduce social stereotypes. C．Visual materials are easier to change or dismiss. D．Human brains tend to ignore text-based content. 3．What is mentioned in the last paragraph? A．What tech companies are doing. B．How gender biases affect job searches. C．How the feedback cycle can be reduced. D．What the balance of male and female images is. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．End Prejudice in Digital Media B．Adjust Search Algorithms Now C．Online Images Shape Gender Bias D．Written Information Weakens Prejudices 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】研究发现网络图片比文字更易加深性别刻板印象，算法会强化该偏见，不过调整算法、展示多元画面能够有效缓解这一问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“A recent study led by Stanford University researchers has revealed a striking finding: online images are far more powerful than text in strengthening gender stereotypes (刻板印象),with long-lasting effects on people’s opinions.(斯坦福大学研究人员开展的一项最新研究得出惊人结论：网络图片比文字更能加深性别刻板印象，且会对人们的观点产生持久影响。)”可知，这项研究主要聚焦视觉内容带来的影响。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The researchers explained that algorithms (算法) create a self-reinforcing cycle that worsens the problem.(研究人员解释称，算法会形成一个自我强化的循环，进而加剧这一问题。)”可知，算法模式会加深不公的偏见。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“By making small changes to search algorithms, such as diversifying image results for job-related searches, tech platforms can significantly weaken the feedback loop.(对搜索算法稍作调整，例如丰富职业相关搜索的图片结果，科技平台就能大幅削弱这种恶性循环。)”可知，本段介绍了削弱这种反馈循环的方法。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A recent study led by Stanford University researchers has revealed a striking finding: online images are far more powerful than text in strengthening gender stereotypes (刻板印象),with long-lasting effects on people’s opinions.(斯坦福大学研究人员开展的一项最新研究得出惊人结论：网络图片比文字更能加深性别刻板印象，且会对人们的观点产生持久影响。)”并结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述网络图片会塑造并加剧性别偏见。所以C项“Online Images Shape Gender Bias(网络图像塑造性别偏见)”符合语境。 Passage 9 Science fiction stories about machines “stealing” our jobs may soon become reality. However, if history is any indication, technological progress will create more jobs in different fields. The real question is not whether a machine will take your job, but whether you will rise to the challenge of learning to stay relevant. When you become a lifelong learner, you claim the power to face the future of work successfully. What does it mean to be a lifelong learner? It is a cycle of “learn, unlearn, and relearn”. Learning something you are actually interested in is always enjoyable. Unlearning, however, is quite different. It means challenging and removing old ideas, beliefs, and assumptions so that new ones can grow. There are many metaphors for unlearning, for example: removing old paint before putting on a fresh coat. When a professor delivers a keynote speech online for the first time, he steps out of his comfort zone, unlearns “old ways” of doing things, and relearns the skill of working from home. Lifelong learning is more important now than ever. The labor market has changed considerably in the past decade. According to a recent report, companies’ adoption of automation will transform tasks, jobs, and skills. Over the next five to ten years, employers will divide work between humans and machines roughly equally. Nearly half of workers will need to retrain their core skills. Companies now hire based on skills rather than official qualifications. Self-management skills like active learning, toughness, and problem-solving skills are growing in importance. Mastering one skill is not enough. To stay relevant, you must make learning new skills an ongoing habit. Personal development strengthens your mind and creates higher levels of self-confidence. Professional development boosts your value in the workplace. Both are essential for surviving in a rapidly changing world. As machines get smarter, human workers must do the same. Lifelong learners invent and reinvent themselves whenever they find or create the opportunity. This is not about job-switching — it is about ensuring you remain a valuable person, whether in your current job or a new one. 1．What is the main challenge in the era of hi-tech progress? A．Finding new jobs. B．Competing with machines. C．Keeping skills relevant. D．Acquiring official qualifications. 2．What is the author’s attitude towards “unlearning” in paragraph 2? A．Supportive. B．Dismissive. C．Concerned. D．Indifferent. 3．What is suggested for workers according to paragraph 3? A．Taking the place of machines. B．Improving their core techniques. C．Switching to different industries. D．Applying for more job opportunities. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To encourage lifelong learning. B．To recommend skill courses. C．To warn of the dangers of automation. D．To compare learning methods. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】文章主要阐述了终身学习在机器时代的必要性，鼓励人们不断学习以保持竞争力。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The real question is not whether a machine will take your job, but whether you will rise to the challenge of learning to stay relevant.(真正的问题不是机器是否会取代你的工作，而是你是否会迎接挑战，学会保持相关性。)”可知，高科技时代的主要挑战是保持技能的相关性。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Unlearning, however, is quite different. It means challenging and removing old ideas, beliefs, and assumptions so that new ones can grow.(而摒弃旧知则截然不同，它意味着打破固有思维、观念与成见，接纳全新认知。)”可知，作者认可摒弃旧知的意义。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Nearly half of workers will need to retrain their core skills.(近一半的工人需要重新培训他们的核心技能。)”可知，作者建议工人提高核心技能。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Lifelong learners invent and reinvent themselves whenever they find or create the opportunity.(终身学习者在找到或创造机会时不断发明和重塑自己。)”及全文围绕终身学习展开论述可知，作者的写作目的是鼓励终身学习。 Passage 10 Dear boss — You have always tried to attract young consumers, and our consultants have always come up with new ways to label them. The trouble is that coming up with rules to define a group of humanity is more art than science. It is likely to become an exercise in applying stereotypes (刻板印象); not every youngster is drinking kombucha in a Brooklyn storehouse. Luckily you have me, and I’m here to tell you that much of what is written about marketing to today’s most prized consumers is a myth. Start with the idea that, glued to smartphones, youngsters barely notice the physical world and passively follow the latest hit from Instagram or TikTok. It’s true that the days of marketing chiefly through television, newspapers and magazines are long gone. However, social media has not just changed the ways people discover brands; it has weakened the power of marketing as a whole. Online, talk is cheap and prices are readily Googled. Digital natives, therefore, can easily fact-check our suspicious marketing claims and ads. Surveys suggest that young Americans are among the most price-sensitive food shoppers. It doesn’t help that they have accumulated less wealth than earlier generations had by the same age. There is a similar urge to think that physical shops no longer matter. Young consumers love their Amazon deliveries. It makes sense for our company to make sales via social media and ship directly to customers’ homes. But what works best is the close integration of the digital and physical worlds. Remember those online-only beauty brands like Glossier, which took the world by storm during the pandemic. It turns out that they struggle to get repeat business and have had to pair up with physical shops. What really matters is avoiding insincerity. Dishonesty is easily exposed online, where everyone loves a takedown. Remember the strong resistance to Boohoo, a fast-fashion firm, when it appointed Kourtney Kardashian, a celebrity leading a luxurious life, as a “sustainability ambassador”? And commit only to causes you can tangibly support and be frank when you are putting profits first. Anyway, nobody is perfect. To pretend otherwise is so 2013. We are people just as our customers are and people contain multitudes (群众). 1．What is the problem with finding rules to define a group of people? A．It is strongly refused by young people. B．It tends to apply fixed labels to everyone. C．It requires scientific methods rather than artistic ones. D．It fails to include the Brooklyn storehouse culture. 2．Why are the surveys about young Americans mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To reveal their incompetence in saving money. B．To illustrate they are sensitive to the prices of food online. C．To prove they are not passive receivers of online marketing tricks. D．To demonstrate marketing has a great impact on their spending habits. 3．Which of the following statements may the author agree with? A．Celebrities work as reliable ambassadors. B．Young customers don’t visit physical shops. C．Dishonesty in marketing was not rare in 2013. D．Traditional media still play a major role in marketing. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．How to Sell to the Young: From Myth to Truth B．How to Attract the Young: Honesty and Profits C．How to Expand Youth Market: From Ideas to Practice D．How to Increase Sales Online: Labeling and Marketing 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】文章是一封写给老板的一份打破常规的备忘录——想打开年轻人的市场，就要对消费者坦诚相待。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Dear boss — You have always tried to attract young consumers, and our consultants have always come up with new ways to label them. The trouble is that coming up with rules to define a group of humanity is more art than science. It is likely to become an exercise in applying stereotypes (刻板印象); not every youngster is drinking kombucha in a Brooklyn storehouse.(尊敬的老板——您一直致力于吸引年轻消费者，而我们的顾问们也总是想出各种新方法来为他们贴上标签。但问题在于，制定定义一个人群的规则更像是艺术而非科学。这很可能会变成一种运用刻板印象的活动；并非每个年轻人都在布鲁克林的仓库里喝康普茶)”可知，对于确定一群人所属的规则设定这一问题，其具体原因是它往往会将所有人一概而论地贴上固定的标签。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Online, talk is cheap and prices are readily Googled. Digital natives, therefore, can easily fact-check our suspicious marketing claims and ads. Surveys suggest that young Americans are among the most price-sensitive food shoppers. It doesn’t help that they have accumulated less wealth than earlier generations had by the same age.(在网络世界里，言语轻而易取，价格也容易在网上查到。因此，数字原生代能够轻松地核实我们那些可疑的营销宣传和广告内容。调查表明，年轻的美国人是价格最为敏感的食品购买者之一。而且，与前几代人相比，他们到相同年龄时积累的财富要少得多)”可推知，第二段中提到关于美国年轻人的调查的目的是为了证明他们不是网络营销伎俩的被动接受者。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“And commit only to causes you can tangibly support and be frank when you are putting profits first. Anyway, nobody is perfect. To pretend otherwise is so 2013.(只致力于你能切实支持的事业，当你把利益放在第一位时，要坦率。无论如何，人无完人。假装完美，那是2013年的事了)”可推知，也许作者认为在2013年不诚实的营销并不罕见。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Dear boss — You have always tried to attract young consumers, and our consultants have always come up with new ways to label them. The trouble is that coming up with rules to define a group of humanity is more art than science.(亲爱的老板——您一直试图吸引年轻消费者，而我们的顾问也总是想出新的方法来给他们贴上标签。问题在于，制定规则来定义一群人，与其说是科学，不如说是艺术)”及最后一段中的“And commit only to causes you can tangibly support and be frank when you are putting profits first. Anyway, nobody is perfect. To pretend otherwise is so 2013.(只致力于你能切实支持的事业，当你把利益放在第一位时，要坦率。无论如何，人无完人。假装不完美，那是2013年的事了)”可知，文章是一封写给老板的一份打破常规的备忘录——想打开年轻人的市场，要对消费者坦诚相待。由此可知，A选项“如何向年轻人推销：从神话到事实”适合作本文最佳标题。 Passage 11 As a child development psychologist, I’ve spent countless hours observing childhood friendships. What strikes me most is that it’s a cinch for young children to form connections. It needs no emotional scoring systems that often exist in adult relationships. They don’t keep track of who called last, who initiated the play date, or who shared their snacks more often; they just get along and click. This observation leads me to a truth about adult friendships: the most lasting bonds are built on joy and acceptance rather than careful scorekeeping. Unlike the playground friendships I observe daily, many adult relationships suffer from what I call “deep scoring” — the habit of keeping detailed mental records of friendship deals. We track who reached out last, who canceled plans, or who shared more information. When a six-year-old’s friend forgets to save them a swing, children might feel momentarily disappointed, but they rarely carry that hurt forward into the next interaction. They focus on current joy rather than past slights. As adults, we can learn from this approach. When we catch ourselves mentally working out friendship debts, we can stop and ask: “What would a child do in this situation?” Often, the answer involves letting go of the score and focusing on the genuine affection we feel for our friend here and now. The next time you find yourself mentally calculating friendship debts, remember the simple wisdom of children approaching the playground, who simply offer their genuine selves and remain open about connections. This approach doesn’t guarantee that every friendship will last forever, but it ensures that the ones that can last will be built on the strongest possible foundation: care without any conditions. Our adult friendships deserve the same pure intention and open-heartedness. When we stop keep ing score and start keeping faith in the fundamental goodness of human connections, we create space for friendships that truly last forever. 1．What does the underlined part “a cinch” mean in paragraph 1? A．Effortless. B．Emotionless. C．Unexpected. D．Unusual. 2．What does the author find about adult friendships? A．They are built on mutual care. B．They involve constant calculation. C．They are hard to last for long. D．They go less deeper than children’s. 3．What should adults learn from children’s approach? A．Never hurting friends. B．Interacting more actively. C．Living in the moment. D．Forgetting conflict quickly. 4．What suggestion does the author make in the last paragraph? A．Trusting friends unconditionally. B．Establishing lifelong friendships. C．Understanding others’ intentions. D．Treating friends in a sincere way. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】主要对比孩童与成人的交友方式，指出成人友谊常互相算计衡量，倡导成年人学习孩童真诚纯粹、不计较得失的交友智慧。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“What strikes me most is that it’s a cinch for young children to form connections. It needs no emotional scoring systems that often exist in adult relationships. They don’t keep track of who called last, who initiated the play date, or who shared their snacks more often; they just get along and click.( 最触动我的是，小孩子建立情谊是a cinch。孩童之间不需要成年人社交里常见的情感衡量标尺。他们不会计较谁先主动联系、谁发起玩耍邀约、谁更常分享零食；只是自然而然相处，投缘相伴。)”可知，孩童建立友谊无需刻意费心、不用算计，由此可推断，a cinch意为“容易、毫不费力”，和选项Effortless表意相符。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This observation leads me to a truth about adult friendships: the most lasting bonds are built on joy and acceptance rather than careful scorekeeping. Unlike the playground friendships I observe daily, many adult relationships suffer from what I call “deep scoring” — the habit of keeping detailed mental records of friendship deals. (这一观察让我悟出成人友谊的真相：最长久的情谊建立在愉悦与包容之上，而非刻意计较得失。与我日常观察到的孩童友谊不同，许多成人关系深陷我所说的深度计分，习惯在心里仔细记录人情往来，计较谁先主动联系、谁临时取消计划、谁倾诉分享更多。)”可知，成年人的友谊常常不断衡量、计较人情得失，存在持续的算计。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When a six-year-old’s friend forgets to save them a swing, children might feel momentarily disappointed, but they rarely carry that hurt forward into the next interaction. They focus on current joy rather than past slights. As adults, we can learn from this approach.(当六岁孩子的朋友忘了为自己留秋千时，孩子或许会一时失落，但很少把这份委屈带到下一次相处中。他们专注当下的快乐，而非过往的不快。成年人可以借鉴这种处事方式。)”可知，成年人应向孩子学习，活在当下，专注当下相处的美好。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The next time you find yourself mentally calculating friendship debts, remember the simple wisdom of children approaching the playground, who simply offer their genuine selves and remain open about connections. This approach doesn’t guarantee that every friendship will last forever, but it ensures that the ones that can last will be built on the strongest possible foundation: care without any conditions. Our adult friendships deserve the same pure intention and open-heartedness.(下次当你在心里暗自计较人情上的情谊亏欠时，请记住孩子们走向游乐场时那份朴素的智慧：只需展露真实的自我，以开放的心态去建立人际联结。这种方式无法保证每一段友谊都能长久维系，却能让那些可以长久走下去的情谊，建立在最坚实的基础之上：无条件的关心与在乎。成年人之间的友谊，同样值得拥有这份纯粹的初心与坦诚豁达的本心。)”可知，作者含蓄建议人们以真诚纯粹、敞开心扉的态度对待朋友与友谊。 Passage 12 Young people’s engagement with social media platforms like TikTok and Instagram is shaping how they understand and interact with the natural world, offering opportunities to connect their online experiences with meaningful encounters with nature, a new study reveals. The research, published in People and Nature, found that teenagers often encounter nature through their time online, which influences their perceptions and behaviors when visiting the countryside. These digital baselines provide educators, policymakers and outdoor leaders with a unique starting point for building deeper connections with nature. Dr. Jack Reed, from the University of Exeter, who led the study, said, “Young people are not separating their online and offline worlds the way previous generations might have. Their experiences of nature can begin online, and this influences how they engage with the outdoors in person. Rather than resisting this change, we can adopt it and use it as a tool to inspire stronger connections with the natural world.” The study emphasizes that “screen based nature” content, from outdoor challenges to virtual environments, is shaping how young people come to know nature. Social media platforms offer round-the-clock access to natural imagery and ideas, inspiring trends like nature-inspired art and outdoor adventures. While these digital interactions lack the sensory richness of being outdoors, they present exciting opportunities to introduce young people to real-life experiences in nature. Dr. Reed said, “It’s clear that young people are learning about nature in new and innovative ways. By recognizing and building on this, we can create educational programs that meet them where they are at and inspire real-world exploration. This approach allows us to connect young people’s online inspirations to the practical benefits of being outdoors.” “There’s no value in trying to deny young people’s use of technology — it’s part of their world,” Dr. Reed said. “Instead, we can celebrate and channel their digital experiences to build meaningful, real-world connections to nature.” 1．What does the underlined part “this change” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Young people’s engaging with social media platforms. B．Young people’s beginning exploring the natural world. C．Young people’s separating their online and offline worlds. D．Young people’s integrating their online and offline worlds. 2．Which of the following is mentioned as a positive effect of “screen-based nature” content? A．It motivates real-world interests. B．It provides a sensory-rich experience. C．It avoids dangerous outdoor adventures. D．It reduces the need for experiences in nature. 3．How does Dr. Reed view young people’s use of social media platforms? A．It’s useless. B．It’s necessary. C．It’s fashionable. D．It’s unbelievable. 4．What does Dr. Reed emphasize about educating young people? A．Limiting technology use to prioritize outdoor activities. B．Replacing digital experiences with traditional education. C．Using online experiences to inspire real-world exploration. D．Encouraging young people to get more digital experiences. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】文章主要讨论了社交媒体不是自然教育的敌人，而是连接年轻人与真实自然世界的桥梁。 1．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Young people are not separating their online and offline worlds the way previous generations might have. Their experiences of nature can begin online, and this influences how they engage with the outdoors in person. Rather than resisting this change...( 年轻人不像前几代人那样把网络生活和现实生活割裂开来。他们对自然的认知体验可以从线上开始，而这又会影响他们线下亲身接触户外自然的方式。与其抗拒这种变化……)”可知，我们不必抗拒年轻人融合线上线下生活这种变化，由此可知，this change指代“年轻人融合线上线下生活”。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“While these digital interactions lack the sensory richness of being outdoors, they present exciting opportunities to introduce young people to real-life experiences in nature.(虽然这类线上自然内容缺少户外实景丰富的感官体验，但它为引导年轻人参与现实中的自然体验提供了绝佳机会。)”可知，屏幕类自然内容的积极作用是激发现实自然兴趣。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“There’s no value in trying to deny young people’s use of technology — it’s part of their world.(试图否定年轻人使用科技是毫无意义的——科技本就是他们生活的一部分。)”可知，Reed博士认为年轻人使用社交媒体是生活常态、有其必要性。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段“By recognizing and building on this, we can create educational programs that meet them where they are at and inspire real-world exploration. This approach allows us to connect young people’s online inspirations to the practical benefits of being outdoors.(通过认可并依托这一点，我们可以打造贴合年轻人现状的教育项目，激发他们走进现实、探索自然。这种方式能把年轻人从线上获得的兴趣启发，和置身户外带来的实际益处结合起来。)”可知，Reed博士强调要借线上经历启发现实现实世界探索。 Passage 13 Nowadays, various forms of technology and their applications have transformed our teenagers’ lives and our experiences as parents, most often not for the better. As the parent of a 10-year-old and a 14-year-old, I can say that not a week has gone by in nearly a decade that the use of such technologies hasn’t led to some form of disagreement. And at this point it’s clear that such is the experience of households all over the country. Endless elements of day-to-day life, including especially for young people learning and socialization, have been negatively impacted. That’s why I am drawn to Jonathan Haidt’s work, The Amazing Generation. The first part includes background information on the rise of smartphones and the “attention economy”. It also has many infographics (信息图) and visuals, including one of my favorites, “Screen Time Calculator That You Can Use to Shock People. ” “1 hour per day=15 full days per year. 2 hours per day=1 full month per year. Etc.” This is a page I wouldn’t mind seeing hung on classroom walls, including the college classrooms where I teach. The second part is a fictional story about six young people. In one scene, heavy social media user Alex finally joins his phone-free friend Jax at a skate park. Then, we see Jax trying out different skating skills in the background, by the end falling onto the ground after another heroic attempt, which are in contrast to Alex’s phone screen, which he has been glued to, from a nearby bench, first searching for skating tips then watching world championship skating highlights. The author ends by noting that while it is often thrilling to have the world at your fingertips, it’s hard to deny the losses that accumulate when real life trial-and-error is replaced by passive viewing. That’s what The Amazing Generation can do — get young people thinking more critically about the products that shape their everyday lives. 1．What can we learn about the author’s family from paragraph 1? A．They look down upon each other’s learning ability. B．Arguments constantly occur over the use of technology. C．Disagreement mostly happens between the two children. D．They envy the harmonious relationship in other households. 2．What is Screen Time Calculator about? A．The key to learning math. B．The value of teenagers’ time. C．The art of classroom management. D．The amount of time spent on technology. 3．What does Jonathan Haidt intend to show by using the story of Jax and Alex? A．In-person experience matters a lot. B．Training without guidance leads nowhere. C．Too much screen time does harm to eyesight. D．Champions’ experience is helpful for beginners. 4．Which of the following best describe The Amazing Generation? A．Plain and amusing. B．Boring and hard to understand. C．Practical and educational. D．Imaginative and well-received. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】科技负面影响青少年生活，作者推荐《The Amazing Generation》一书，以数据和故事警示沉迷屏幕的危害，启发年轻人理性看待电子产品。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“As the parent of a 10-year-old and a 14-year-old, I can say that not a week has gone by in nearly a decade that the use of such technologies hasn’t led to some form of disagreement. (作为一个10岁孩子和14岁孩子的家长，我可以说，近十年来几乎没有哪一周，不因这类电子产品的使用而产生某种争执。)”可知，作者家里经常因使用电子产品发生争吵。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“1 hour per day=15 full days per year. 2 hours per day=1 full month per year. Etc.(每天1小时，一年就等于整整15天；每天2小时，一年就相当于整整一个月；以此类推。)”可知，屏幕时间计算器用来换算人们耗费在电子产品上的时长。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“The author ends by noting that while it is often thrilling to have the world at your fingertips, it’s hard to deny the losses that accumulate when real life trial-and-error is replaced by passive viewing.(作者在文末指出，虽然触手可及便能知晓世间万物往往令人心生愉悦，但不可否认，当现实生活中的亲身尝试与试错被被动浏览所取代时，我们正在不断失去一些东西。)”可知，作者借两人故事意在说明亲身现实体验十分重要。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“This is a page I wouldn’t mind seeing hung on classroom walls, including the college classrooms where I teach.(这是一张我愿意看到挂在教室墙上的页面，包括我任教的大学课堂也是如此)”和最后一段“That’s what The Amazing Generation can do — get young people thinking more critically about the products that shape their everyday lives.(这正是《The Amazing Generation》所能做到的 —— 让年轻人更具批判性地思考那些塑造他们日常生活的各类产品。)”可知，这本书实用且具有教育意义。 Passage 14 People might not realize that one basic life necessity has slipped from their control: meals. With the rise of online platforms, people enjoy the freedom to get anything quickly and at a reasonable price. However, food writer Chen Yuhui argues in her book Who Decides What to Eat that this convenience has robbed people of their autonomy over food, reflecting a greater loss of community life in a result-driven society that prioritizes efficiency. “Many people don’t realize how often their dining choices are made for them,” Chen says. For instance, a boss’s request for overtime changes their dinner plans; or a restaurant discount offer influences where they eat. These, she explains, are passive choices. Chen cites another common complaint: tomatoes that taste plain compared to childhood memories. This reveals a deeper loss — commercially dominant, hard-skinned varieties are “more fitting for long-distance transportation,” sacrificing flavor and the community life once built around fresh markets. Chen also worries about the decline of people’s ability to choose food wisely. Young people buy ingredients online without market experience and may think plain food is just how it’s supposed to be. Chen further notes that online food images are “zombie-like” — they show lifeless food, unlike the fresh produce in markets, and this limits people’s imagination about food. However, when she shares tips on selecting fresh produce in markets, she often gets requests for shopping links instead. Chen connects these attitudes to a broader mindset: “Buying groceries and cooking involve a certain level of acceptance of mistakes. Yet many today seem to have little patience with them.” The focus on results makes delivery appealing, as people believe it guarantees a better outcome. Beyond the loss of autonomy, Chen sees something deeper in food — it’s a microcosm for understanding the world. “If you love tomatoes but find them plain, do you complain or invest effort to find flavorful ones? Searching for the right variety shows different problem-solving abilities, which is what I mean by food being the smallest unit for understanding the world,” she concludes. 1．What does the first paragraph mainly introduce? A．Advances in food technology. B．The hidden cost of food convenience. C．Changing habits of dining out. D．The popularity of online food shopping. 2．What does Chen mean by describing online food images as “zombie-like”? A．They look too perfect to be real. B．They discourage interest in cooking. C．They push people to order takeout. D．They fail to show real and lively food. 3．What does people’s preference for delivery reveal? A．Their desire to avoid uncertainty. B．Their over-reliance on technology. C．Their view of cooking as a burden. D．Their separation from food sources. 4．What message does the text want to convey? A．Returning to markets can restore food autonomy. B．The loss of food flavor is unavoidable nowadays. C．Online platforms have changed people’s lifestyle. D．Our relationship with food mirrors our world view. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】文章主要讲的是食物作家陈玉慧认为在线订餐便利剥夺了人们的饮食自主权，并反映出效率优先的社会中社区生活的丧失，食物是理解世界的最小单位。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“People might not realize that one basic life necessity has slipped from their control: meals. With the rise of online platforms, people enjoy the freedom to get anything quickly and at a reasonable price. However, food writer Chen Yuhui argues in her book Who Decides What to Eat that this convenience has robbed people of their autonomy over food, reflecting a greater loss of community life in a result-driven society that prioritizes efficiency. (人们或许并未意识到，生活中的一项基本必需品已经脱离了他们的掌控：那就是食物。随着网络平台的兴起，人们能够以合理的价格迅速获得任何所需物品。然而，美食作家陈玉慧在其著作《谁来决定吃什么》中指出，这种便利性剥夺了人们对食物的自主选择权，反映出在一个注重效率、结果导向的社会中，社区生活出现了更大的缺失。)”可知，本段先指出人们未察觉饮食自主权丧失，随后引用陈玉慧观点，指出外卖平台便利背后隐藏的代价——剥夺了人们的自主权，反映社会注重效率而牺牲社区生活。选项B“食物便利的隐性代价”准确概括此意。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“they show lifeless food, unlike the fresh produce in markets, and this limits people’s imagination about food. (它们展示的是毫无生机的食物，不像市场上的新鲜农产品那样有活力，这限制了人们对食物的想象。)”可知，这些图片展示的是没有生气的食物，与市场上鲜活的农产品形成对比。D项“它们未能展现真实而鲜活的食物”与此一致。 3．推理判断题。文中倒数第二段“Buying groceries and cooking involve a certain level of acceptance of mistakes. Yet many today seem to have little patience with them. (购买食品和烹饪涉及一定程度的对错误的接受。然而，如今很多人似乎对这些不太有耐心。)”可知，买菜做饭需接受一定犯错可能性，但人们缺乏耐心，注重结果导向使得外卖更受欢迎，因其看似保证更好结果。这反映出人们渴望避免不确定性。A项“他们避免不确定性的愿望”符合文意。 4．推理判断题。文章最后一段“Beyond the loss of autonomy, Chen sees something deeper in food — it’s a microcosm for understanding the world. “If you love tomatoes but find them plain, do you complain or invest effort to find flavorful ones? Searching for the right variety shows different problem-solving abilities, which is what I mean by food being the smallest unit for understanding the world,” she concludes. (除了失去自主权之外，陈还从食物中看到了更深层次的东西——它是一个理解世界的缩影。“如果你喜欢西红柿但觉得它们味道平淡，你会抱怨还是会努力去寻找味道更好的品种呢？寻找合适的品种体现了不同的解决问题的能力，这就是我所说的食物是理解世界最小的单位的原因。”她总结道。)”可知，食物是理解世界的微小单位，人与食物的关系反映了世界观。D项“我们与食物的关系映射我们的世界观”准确传达此信息。 Passage 15 Philosophy departments are ruled by rankings. Philosophers are supposed to be clear thinkers; shouldn’t they see through thought traps like this? The problem is that metrics (衡量标准) are appealing. Once something is ranked, it becomes almost impossible to get that ranking out of your head. Over time, this can lead to what C． Thi Nguyen calls “value capture”. Nguyen, a philosophy professor, is also a rock climber. When he first took up the sport, what he loved was the joy of using his body in challenging ways. Routes have difficulty scores; these motivated him. But soon he started chasing higher scores, believing the point of climbing was to conquer increasingly demanding routes. “The more desperately I wanted it, the more unpleasant my climbing got,” he wrote. His climbing became less about joy and more about winning. It wasn’t until he saw another climber focus on the beauty of the climb, not just reaching the top, that Nguyen remembered his original passion. He then stopped chasing scores and truly enjoyed the climbing itself. It’s hard to resist “value capture” because our real values are often unclear. We might enjoy cooking, for instance, but then start believing that only more complicated recipes are truly better. We might love traveling, but then try to visit too many places in a rush, thinking a “successful” trip means doing it all. There’s often a gap between what is measured and what truly matters. As Nguyen points out, “Many of the important things in life seem to consistently defy measurement.” To avoid being controlled by external measures, Nguyen suggests we learn from games. Games teach us the difference between a “goal” and a “purpose”. For example, when playing charades (打哑谜猜字游戏) with family, your goal might be to win, but your real purpose is to have fun and connect with loved ones. By understanding this crucial difference, we can focus on our deeper purposes and avoid letting external scores capture our true values. 1．How does “value capture” affect us according to the passage? A．It misdirects our true priorities. B．It makes our aims much higher. C．It defines our personal purposes. D．It helps us clarify our external goals. 2．What does Nguyen’s climbing story primarily illustrate? A．The joy of accomplishing a task. B．The risk of losing inner pleasure. C．The difficulty of mastering skills. D．The importance of observing others. 3．According to the passage, why do people follow external metrics? A．Outside standards never lead us wrong. B．Rankings create pressure to compete. C．External metrics promise a clear path to success. D．Clear aims are easier to grasp than inner worth. 4．How does the example of charades help explain Nguyen’s solution? A．Proving that games don’t have external rules. B．Showing that winning matters most in games. C．Suggesting that family games are meaningless. D．Distinguishing winning from genuine enjoyment. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文为议论文，主要论述了“价值捕获”现象，即人们被外在排名、量化指标左右而偏离真正价值，并以攀岩和游戏为例，提出区分目标与真正目的、避免被外在标准控制的观点。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Once something is ranked, it becomes almost impossible to get that ranking out of your head. Over time, this can lead to what C. Thi Nguyen calls “value capture”.(一旦某事物被赋予了排名，那么你几乎就无法将其从脑海中抹去。随着时间的推移，这可能会导致 C.蒂·阮所说的‘价值捕获’现象。)”以及第二段“ When he first took up the sport, what he loved was the joy of using his body in challenging ways. Routes have difficulty scores; these motivated him. But soon he started chasing higher scores, believing the point of climbing was to conquer increasingly demanding routes. “The more desperately I wanted it, the more unpleasant my climbing got,” he wrote. His climbing became less about joy and more about winning.(刚开始接触这项运动时，他所热爱的，是用身体迎接挑战的那份快乐。攀岩线路都有难度评分，这些分数曾激励着他。但很快，他开始追逐更高的分数，认为攀岩的意义就在于攻克难度越来越大的线路。‘我越是迫切地想要拿到高分，攀岩就变得越令人不快。'他写道。他的攀岩不再以快乐为主，而是更多地为了取胜。)”可知，价值俘获会让人们偏离真正重要的东西，误导真实的优先级。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段““The more desperately I wanted it, the more unpleasant my climbing got,” he wrote. His climbing became less about joy and more about winning.(‘我越是急切地想要完成那条路线，我的攀岩就越令人难受。’他写道。他的攀岩活动不再仅仅是为了享受乐趣，而更多是为了追求胜利。)”可知，Nguyen的攀岩经历主要说明被分数裹挟会失去内心的快乐。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“It’s hard to resist “value capture” because our real values are often unclear.(人们往往难以抗拒‘价值捕获’的诱惑，因为我们的真正价值往往并不明确。)”和“There’s often a gap between what is measured and what truly matters. As Nguyen points out, “Many of the important things in life seem to consistently defy measurement.”(通常，所测量的内容与真正重要的事物之间会存在差距。正如阮所指出的那样：‘生活中许多重要的事情似乎总是难以进行量化衡量。’)”可推知，外在指标清晰明确，比模糊的内在价值更容易让人理解和把握，所以人们会追随外部衡量标准。因此人们追随外在衡量标准是因为清晰的目标比内在价值更容易把握。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“To avoid being controlled by external measures, Nguyen suggests we learn from games. Games teach us the difference between a “goal” and a “purpose”. For example, when playing charades (打哑谜猜字游戏) with family, your goal might be to win, but your real purpose is to have fun and connect with loved ones. By understanding this crucial difference, we can focus on our deeper purposes and avoid letting external scores capture our true values.(为了避免受外界因素的控制，Nguyen建议我们从游戏中汲取经验。游戏教会我们‘目标（goal）’与‘目的（purpose）’的区别。比如，在和家人玩打哑谜猜字游戏时，我们的目标可能是获胜，但真正的目的是享受乐趣并与亲人建立联系。通过明白这一关键的区别，我们就能专注于更深层次的目的，避免让外界的分数影响我们真正的价值观。)”可推知，Nguyen建议通过学习游戏来区分‘目标’与‘目的’，以避免被外界标准左右。就像和家人玩猜谜游戏，获胜只是表面目标，享受乐趣、增进亲情才是真正目的。认清二者差异，才能坚守内心真正的价值。因此推断打哑谜的例子是为了区分 “赢得胜利” 和 “真正的享受” 这两者。故选D。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027届高考英语一轮复习（浙江专用） 阅读理解议论文15篇 序号 核心内容总结 核心话题分类 1 一对德国夫妇远赴长沙投身公益，帮扶听障儿童，后续创办面包店，优先聘用听障群体，为其提供平等就业岗位，用行动传递善意、温暖与社会希望。 公益帮扶、人文善意 2 两位教育工作者创新教学模式，打造BallMatics项目，将篮球运动与数学教学融合，借助学生兴趣激发学习动力，有效助力学生学业提升。 教育创新、趣味教学 3 身患脑瘫的长跑爱好者迈克尔，在公益组织协助下与马克斯结成搭档，共同征战六大马拉松赛事，二人相互扶持、彼此成就，收获真挚珍贵的友谊。 励志成长、友谊陪伴 4 一名失聪的斯坦福大学生突破身体局限，凭借手语顺利加入校马术队，与教练、队友缔结深厚情谊，这段独特的马术经历也为其后续写作事业提供了丰富灵感。 突破自我、青春成长 5 作者远赴法国小众的克勒兹省，重走印象派大师莫奈的写生之路，寻访曾赋予莫奈无尽创作灵感的自然风光，追溯艺术创作的本源。 艺术溯源、人文旅行 6 克里斯汀在丈夫病逝后，立志投身医护行业回馈社会善意，求学之路坎坷多难，最终在公益机构VOA的全程帮扶下，顺利圆梦成为一名护士。 感恩回馈、励志追梦 7 作者年少时因电脑游戏萌生对计算机的热爱，虽迫于家人期望多次转专业，但始终坚持自学编程，坚守初心最终如愿成为专业软件工程师。 初心坚守、职业追梦 8 一位女士在芝加哥公园不慎遗失钱包，两名陌生女子及时识破可疑人员，成功夺回钱包并妥善保管、等候失主，陌生人的善意之举让当事人满心感恩。 陌生人善意、社会温情 9 作者常年与在谷仓筑巢的燕子相伴，燕子筑巢位置危险、易遭遇飞鸟袭击受伤，时常给作者带来困扰，但作者依旧珍惜这份自然陪伴，心怀复杂温情。 自然相伴、生活温情 10 毛里求斯海域遭遇石油泄漏灾难，当地渔民彻底失去生计，桑迪带领乡村女性抱团转型、创办农场，依托农业自救脱困，开启全新生活。 灾难自救、女性力量 11 七岁男孩何塞创新打造生态学生银行，推行废品回收储蓄模式，让孩子们在实践中学习理财知识、树立环保理念，该公益创新项目收获巨大成功。 少年创新、环保理财 12 作者回忆父亲教自己开车的亲身经历，以四路停车路口礼让行人为喻，阐释遵守规则、互帮互助能够惠及所有人的人生哲理。 人生感悟、规则与善意 13 作者追忆已故的巴德阿姨，以红衣凤头鸟作为阿姨的精神象征，结合自己大学时期获教授肯定的圣诞主题作文，讲述温情的节日故事与思念之情。 温情回忆、精神寄托 14 按照时间顺序完整介绍超现实主义艺术大师萨尔瓦多・达利的一生，涵盖其求学成长、开启超现实主义创作、晚年患病离世的完整人生轨迹。 艺术人物、人生历程 15 美国“天使航班”公益组织的志愿飞行员，无偿接送偏远地区癌症患儿前往异地医院就医，无私为病痛孩童送去希望与温暖。 公益志愿、无私奉献 Passage 1 The rise of digital reading has sparked considerable debate among educators and parents about its impact on children’s literacy development. While traditional reading advocates worry that screens are replacing print, research in educational psychology suggests that digital reading offers unique benefits that, when properly integrated, can enhance rather than diminish reading skills. One of the most significant advantages of digital reading is its capacity to engage struggling readers. Interactive features — such as text-to-speech, built-in dictionaries, and clickable annotations — provide scaffolding that helps children overcome comprehension barriers. A 2023 study from the University of Cambridge followed 500 primary school students over two years and found that those using digital reading platforms with interactive support showed greater reading comprehension gains than peers using print-only materials, particularly among students with reading difficulties. Digital reading also promotes information literacy, a crucial skill in the modern world. Children who read on digital devices learn to navigate hyperlinks, evaluate sources, and synthesize information from multiple formats. These skills translate directly to the research abilities they’ll need in higher education and the workplace. Educators interviewed for the study noted that students who read both digitally and in print demonstrated superior critical thinking when evaluating online sources. However, the benefits depend heavily on intentional usage. Research indicates that simply providing children with tablets does not automatically improve reading. The key is guided digital reading — where parents or teachers actively participate, asking questions, connecting content to real-life experiences, and helping children transfer comprehension strategies between media. Some concerns about digital reading persist. Parents worry that the distractions of other applications will compete for attention. Others fear that screen time displaces valuable print reading experiences. The evidence shows that balanced integration, not elimination, is the solution. Children benefit most when they have access to both high-quality print and digital materials, with guidance in how to use each medium effectively. Far from being an enemy of literacy, digital reading, thoughtfully implemented, can be a powerful ally in developing competent, versatile readers for the 21st century. 1．What is digital reading often regarded as by some traditional reading advocates? A．A threat to literacy development. B．A helpful tool for struggling readers. C．A replacement for traditional education. D．A method to enhance information literacy. 2．How does the Cambridge study support the benefits of digital reading? A．It observed students using print-only materials. B．It compared digital readers with print-only readers. C．It focused on students with no reading difficulties. D．It tracked students over a five-year period. 3．According to the passage, what is essential for digital reading to be beneficial? A．Children should only read on tablets. B．Parents or teachers should guide the reading. C．Students must avoid print materials. D．Schools should ban distractions. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards digital reading? A．Suspicious. B．Supportive with conditions. C．Strongly opposed. D．Indifferent. Passage 2 Berlin’s East Side Gallery attracts millions of visitors each year. Tourists crowd before vibrant murals (壁画) painted after the Cold War, but few pause to consider what lies beneath the paint: an original section of the Berlin Wall. The art has become the attraction; the history it covers has faded into background. This pattern extends far beyond Berlin. Across the globe, old buildings fall for new developments. The logic seems unarguable: cities must grow, economies must expand. But what disappears when we erase (清除) the physical traces of our past? Urban historian Dolores Hayden describes cities as “palimpsests” — manuscripts written upon repeatedly, earlier versions never fully erased. In her study of Los Angeles, she documented how development projects repeatedly tore down communities inhabited by Mexican-American and African-American families, replacing them with freeways and squares. The new structures served economic ambitions, but they also erased material evidence that these communities ever existed. “When the buildings disappear,” Hayden writes, “so does the tangible (有形的) proof that these people lived here, worked here, mattered here.” Some argue that memory can survive through photographs and documents. In fact, there is a difference between knowing about a place and experiencing it. A photograph of an old church conveys its appearance; walking through its doors conveys something else entirely — the height of the ceiling, the echo of footsteps, the weight of silence. These are not details; they are the substance of embodied memory. Research in environmental psychology suggests that physical spaces maintain collective identity. When communities lose familiar landmarks, they lose reference points that connect individuals to shared history. The result can be spatial disorientation — not merely not knowing where you are, but not knowing who you are in relation to those who came before. None of this argues against all development. Every generation inherits a city and passes one on. Some walls are meant to fall. Others are meant to stand — physical spaces ground memory in ways that images alone cannot, grounding us in a past that continues to shape who we are. 1．What is the function of paragraph 1? A．To present a phenomenon and introduce the topic. B．To contrast historical significance with modern appeal. C．To criticize the over-commercialization of historic sites. D．To explain why history is overlooked and underestimated. 2．What does the example of Los Angeles intend to illustrate? A．The cost of urban development. B．The role of economic ambitions. C．The preservation of tangible proof. D．The success of redevelopment projects. 3．What can be inferred about the communities losing landmarks? A．They cherish shared history. B．They face identity confusion. C．They maintain collective identity. D．They prioritize growth over memory. 4．What does the text convey? A．History outweighs art in value. B．Photos preserve memory inadequately. C．Cities face a growth-or-history choice. D．Physical spaces hold irreplaceable memory. Passage 3 Community service, often defined as voluntary work intended to help people in a particular area, has been added to high school curricula(课程) worldwide. One of the main reasons for adding community service to high school education is its obvious impact on personal growth and development. Through community service, students gain valuable life skills that traditional classroom instruction may not fully provide. Moreover, community service provides a real-world context for students to apply academic(学术的) knowledge. For example, a student interested in biology might volunteer at a local animal shelter or take part in conservation projects, gaining practical experience that enriches his/her understanding of classroom theories. Another important benefit of community service is that it helps high school students develop social responsibility and social awareness. By doing community service activities, students become more aware of societal issues. And they will realize the importance of contributing to the common good. Despite its benefits, the introduction of community service to high school curricula is not without challenges. One common concern is that community service may add more stress to high school students who are already under a lot of pressure. Balancing academics, extracurricular activities and personal affairs can be hard, and community service might make them more tired and stressed. Additionally, the quality and accessibility of community service opportunities can be different in different areas. Students in schools or communities with few resources may have fewer opportunities for meaningful service experiences. This actually widens the gap between students. In conclusion, while community service in high school presents certain challenges, its benefits for personal growth and academic enrichment are clear. By adding community service to high school curricula, educators can equip students with essential life skills, develop their sense of public duty and increase their social awareness. Community service not only prepares students for future academic and professional plans but also shapes helpful citizens who are willing to make a positive difference to their communities. 1．What does the author want to tell us in paragraph 2? A．The benefits of community service. B．The importance of learning life skills. C．The advantages of gaining practical experiences. D．The necessity of developing social responsibility. 2．What’s the concern about adding community service to high school education? A．It leads to decrease in extracurricular activities. B．It challenges traditional classroom instruction. C．It increases students’ pressure. D．It affects school work. 3．According to paragraph 4, what may lead to unfairness between students? A．The different academic tasks. B．The unequal access to resources. C．The lack of social awareness. D．The individual differences. 4．What does the author think of community service? A．It takes up too much of students’ study time. B．It should be promoted worldwide. C．It aims to develop academic talents. D．It has a positive influence on students. Passage 4 Are your online browsing (浏览) habits changing? If so, the answer might lie with the answer engine. It is not often that a dictionary takes someone to court. But in September 2025, the Merriam-Webster Dictionary and its parent company, Encyclopedia Britannica Inc, did exactly that. They accused an answer engine called Perplexity AI of unlawfully copying their content and reducing their ability to make money and financial income by taking away visitors from their websites. The lawsuit (诉讼) also claimed that the answer engine had harmed Merriam-Webster’s trademark by linking false information (made up by the AI) to the dictionary. An answer engine is an online tool that provides AI-generated responses to queries (提问), instead of a list of web results for users to browse themselves. In contrast with a traditional search engine, which acts as a middleman between users seeking information and web publishers who provide it, answer engines do the digging for the user by copying data from websites and summarizing it in the form of a direct answer. Even the world’s largest search engine, Google, is adding AI answers above its regular search results. This shift is changing how business is done on the Internet. Fewer people are clicking through to original websites and, zero clicks means a drop in ad incomes and subscriptions. Publishing platforms and content creators are finding that their old strategy for getting noticed online, including search engine optimisation (SEO), is losing its power. They are now trying new methods, like answer engine optimization (AEO). As today’s answer engines steal traffic from websites and the whole economy of the Internet finds itself in change, language relating to the Internet will change too. Users will switch from searching with keywords to asking complex questions in natural, conversational language. Terms such as traffic, hits and clicks are already giving way to content, cited sources and AI mentions. When machines start answering for us, what happens to the joy and luck of discovering for ourselves? Will we keep browsing, exploring and surfing the Internet, if the active role of users is taken over by the uniform output of an answer engine? 1．Why did the Merriam-Webster Dictionary initiate a lawsuit? A．To protect the privacy of its users. B．To accuse Perplexity AI of copying. C．To prevent the spread of false information. D．To defend its trademark and financial interests. 2．How is an answer engine different from a traditional search engine? A．It helps publishers increase income. B．It creates original content not result lists. C．It acts as a final interpreter, not just a gateway. D．It provides free search engines for professionals. 3．What concern does the author express about answer engines? A．Replacing online business. B．Forcing users to pay for AI services. C．Making Internet language complicated. D．Taking away the joy of personal discovery. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Dictionaries’ New Era With AI B．The Rise and Risk of Answer Engines C．Answer Engines: From Search to Answer D．Dictionary Shift: From Paper to E-paper Passage 5 Christmas stockings may contain more surprises than usual this year, as children open presents that can talk back. Toymakers in China have declared 2025 the year of artificial intelligence (AI) and are producing robots and teddies that can teach, play and tell stories. In work and play, AI is reshaping childhood. It promises every child the kind of upbringing previously available only to the rich, with private tutors, personalized courses and tailored entertainment. A childhood fit for a king could become universal. Technology is creating new forms of fun, too. Hollywood may dismiss AI videos as low-quality stuff, but young people are consuming them and making their own. There are well-publicized risks in letting children loose on an evolving technology. Yet childhood may be disrupted most radically by things that AI does when it is behaving as intended. The technology quickly learns what its master likes — and shows more of it. Social-media feeds have already created echo chambers (回声室) where people see only views they agree with. Not only does this destroy serendipity. A favorites-only diet means a child need never learn to tolerate something unfamiliar. One-sided relationships with chatbots present a similar risk. AI companions that never criticize, nor share feelings of their own, are a poor preparation for dealing with imperfect humans. Yes-bots threaten to create children not used to taking turns, who grow up into colleagues unable to compromise and partners unfamiliar with the give-and-take required in a relationship. It is a future filled with opportunities and hidden traps. AI shows undeniable potential to improve education and enrich entertainment. It may one day let every child live like royalty. But as real kings often discover, a specially designed upbringing can also be a lonely and atomized one. The truly privileged may be those whose parents and teachers know when to turn it off. 1．What can we infer from paragraph 2 about AI? A．It challenges the standards of traditional industries. B．It makes entertainment more exciting and diverse. C．It aims to make all children’s experiences luxurious. D．It opens access to high-quality nurturing for all. 2．What does the underlined word “serendipity” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Treasure. B．Surprise. C．Tradition. D．Motivation. 3．What is the main danger of “Yes-bots” in paragraph 4? A．They leave children without key social skills. B．They lower children’s interest in real social life. C．They give children inaccurate information. D．They cost too much for average families. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Talking Toys: Risks in AI Companionship B．AI Revolution: Technology’s Total Transformation C．Reshaped Childhood: Promise and Risk of AI D．A Personalized tutor: AI’s Educational Promise Passage 6 For decades, mathematics has been commonly thought to be a discipline that requires creativity, judgment and careful thinking, which can never be fully copied by machines. Complex proofs and the joy of discovery were thought to be beyond the reach of artificial intelligence. But this era is coming to an end. Driven by AI systems that have advanced from solving textbook problems to contributing to cutting-edge research, mathematics is experiencing the biggest change in its history, challenging people’s long-held assumptions about what machines can and cannot do. The rapid development of AI has been totally unexpected for everyone, including some experts. In March 2025, Daniel Litt, a mathematician at the University of Toronto, made a public bet with a colleague that AI would have only a 25% chance of autonomously producing a top-level mathematical paper by 2030. As a well-known figure who doubted the overstated power of AI, he was confident in his bet. However, just one year later, he declared on his blog that he expected to lose the bet, as AI’s progress in mathematics over the 12 months was much faster than he had predicted. A few years ago, AI struggled to solve high school math problems consistently, but now it can tackle research-level questions and even achieve gold-medal-level results in the International Mathematics Olympiad. AI systems like DeepMind’s Aletheia can propose proof strategies and solve research problems, though verifying (验证) their results remains a challenge. Meanwhile, AI has been integrated into research workflows, automating the verification of complex proofs that once took experts months to finish. While some mathematicians worry that over-reliance on AI may reduce human creativity, many remain optimistic. They believe mathematics will adapt to this change, as it has done before. Litt’s bet has become a marker of this shift, showing that mathematics is being remade and the role of mathematicians is being redefined. In this new era, AI is not replacing humans but cooperating with them, reshaping the field of mathematics that has stood for thousands of years. 1．What is mathematics universally acknowledged from the text? A．It’s unique to human beings. B．It’s driven by the AI systems. C．It’s easy for machines to master. D．It’s based on conventional thinking. 2．Why is the bet of Daniel Litt mentioned? A．To spread a strategy. B．To explain a rule. C．To make an attempt. D．To prove a point. 3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The tasks AI fails to finish. B．The strategies AI uses in research. C．The limits of AI in mathematics. D．The progress of AI in mathematics. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Is AI Reshaping Mathematics? B．Will AI Dominate Mathematics? C．Does AI Change Mathematical Proof? D．Can AI Replace Human Mathematicians? Passage 7 Meritocracy (精英管理制度) is a central concept in sociology, referring to a system where individuals’ success is determined by their ability and skills rather than social background or wealth. Originally introduced by Michael Young in 1958, it has become a widely discussed ideal — praised for its promise of equality yet widely debated due to its practical limitations. The key principles are based on “ability-based success”, including equal opportunity for all, emphasis on individual achievement and responsibility, competition as a driver of excellence, and focus on efficiency. These principles imply that through healthy competition, the most capable and hardworking individuals rise to the top, with success viewed as a result of one’s own efforts rather than family connections. The main benefit lies in fairness and social mobility. By rewarding talent and hard work over privilege (特权), meritocracy encourages individuals to invest in developing their abilities and striving for improvement. This encouragement inspires motivation and innovation, develops a sense of control over one’s destiny, and drives societal dynamism. Most importantly, it offers a pathway for disadvantaged individuals to move up the social ladder, breaking cycles of intergenerational poverty through personal efforts. However, meritocracy has significant disadvantages. First, it can reinforce existing inequalities: privileged individuals often have better access to quality education, resources, and social networks, giving an unfair head start. This weakness arises from the unrealistic assumption that everyone starts from the same line, ignoring systemic barriers such as poverty or unequal educational access. Second, meritocracy tends to define competence narrowly, prioritizing intellectual ability or economic productivity while overlooking qualities like empathy, creativity or teamwork. Additionally, its emphasis on individual competition can lead to intense psychological stress and extreme individualism, harming social unity. In conclusion, meritocracy promotes equal opportunity, individual effort and competition. It offers fairness and social mobility but reinforces inequality, ignores systemic barriers, and defines abilities too narrowly. Given these factors, meritocracy should be abandoned as a social ideal — it is false and encourages selfishness and indifference to the unfortunate. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Individuals’ competition and efficiency. B．The link between success and effort. C．Personal achievement and responsibility. D．Meritocracy’s principles and significance. 2．What can be inferred about meritocracy? A．It may cause stress and weaken the sense of community. B．It assumes success largely depends on social background. C．It values emotional intelligence more than intellectual ability. D．It claims family wealth fails to affect educational opportunities. 3．How does the author develop the text? A．By listing some facts. B．By comparing pros and cons. C．By citing expert opinions. D．By explaining a definition. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To question a major concept in sociology. B．To introduce the history of a sociological concept. C．To discuss effective ways to promote social equality. D．To show how people can succeed in a meritocratic system. Passage 8 A recent study led by Stanford University researchers has revealed a striking finding: online images are far more powerful than text in strengthening gender stereotypes (刻板印象),with long-lasting effects on people’s opinions. Published in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science in November 2024, the research examined how search engines and social media platforms increase gender-biased (性别偏见的) views through visual content. The team designed a series of experiments involving over 1,200 participants. In one key test, half the group searched for “doctor” or “nurse” on a popular search engine and viewed mainly image results, while the other half read only text articles about these professions. Those who saw images showed a 37% stronger association between “doctor” and “male” and “nurse” and “female” compared to the text-only group. Even more worryingly, the biased perceptions persisted for at least one week after the experiment, whereas the text group’s stereotypes faded within 48 hours. The researchers explained that algorithms (算法) create a self-reinforcing cycle that worsens the problem. When users click on gender-stereotypical images, the algorithm learns their preferences and pushes more similar content. This cycle not only strengthens existing biases but also makes them more difficult to change. “Images are more ‘sticky’ than text — they leave a deeper impression and are harder to unlearn,” said lead researcher Dr. Sarah Chen, noting that visual information is processed more quickly and emotionally by the human brain. Dr. Michael Lee, a co-author, added that the issue is particularly urgent for young people. “Adolescents are forming their identity and career goals. Constant exposure to such biased images may limit their view of what they can achieve,” he warned. The study calls on tech companies to adjust their algorithms to reduce the spread of stereotypical visuals and for educators to teach media analysis skills that help students analyze online content. However, the researchers also pointed out a positive side. By making small changes to search algorithms, such as diversifying image results for job-related searches, tech platforms can significantly weaken the feedback loop. A follow-up experiment found that when participants were shown a balanced mix of male and female professionals in images, their gender biases decreased by 29% within a month. 1．What does the Stanford study focus on? A．The influence of visual content. B．The connection of images and text. C．The present situation of social media. D．The speed of spreading images online. 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．Algorithmic patterns enhance unfair prejudices. B．Individual clicks help reduce social stereotypes. C．Visual materials are easier to change or dismiss. D．Human brains tend to ignore text-based content. 3．What is mentioned in the last paragraph? A．What tech companies are doing. B．How gender biases affect job searches. C．How the feedback cycle can be reduced. D．What the balance of male and female images is. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．End Prejudice in Digital Media B．Adjust Search Algorithms Now C．Online Images Shape Gender Bias D．Written Information Weakens Prejudices Passage 9 Science fiction stories about machines “stealing” our jobs may soon become reality. However, if history is any indication, technological progress will create more jobs in different fields. The real question is not whether a machine will take your job, but whether you will rise to the challenge of learning to stay relevant. When you become a lifelong learner, you claim the power to face the future of work successfully. What does it mean to be a lifelong learner? It is a cycle of “learn, unlearn, and relearn”. Learning something you are actually interested in is always enjoyable. Unlearning, however, is quite different. It means challenging and removing old ideas, beliefs, and assumptions so that new ones can grow. There are many metaphors for unlearning, for example: removing old paint before putting on a fresh coat. When a professor delivers a keynote speech online for the first time, he steps out of his comfort zone, unlearns “old ways” of doing things, and relearns the skill of working from home. Lifelong learning is more important now than ever. The labor market has changed considerably in the past decade. According to a recent report, companies’ adoption of automation will transform tasks, jobs, and skills. Over the next five to ten years, employers will divide work between humans and machines roughly equally. Nearly half of workers will need to retrain their core skills. Companies now hire based on skills rather than official qualifications. Self-management skills like active learning, toughness, and problem-solving skills are growing in importance. Mastering one skill is not enough. To stay relevant, you must make learning new skills an ongoing habit. Personal development strengthens your mind and creates higher levels of self-confidence. Professional development boosts your value in the workplace. Both are essential for surviving in a rapidly changing world. As machines get smarter, human workers must do the same. Lifelong learners invent and reinvent themselves whenever they find or create the opportunity. This is not about job-switching — it is about ensuring you remain a valuable person, whether in your current job or a new one. 1．What is the main challenge in the era of hi-tech progress? A．Finding new jobs. B．Competing with machines. C．Keeping skills relevant. D．Acquiring official qualifications. 2．What is the author’s attitude towards “unlearning” in paragraph 2? A．Supportive. B．Dismissive. C．Concerned. D．Indifferent. 3．What is suggested for workers according to paragraph 3? A．Taking the place of machines. B．Improving their core techniques. C．Switching to different industries. D．Applying for more job opportunities. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To encourage lifelong learning. B．To recommend skill courses. C．To warn of the dangers of automation. D．To compare learning methods. Passage 10 Dear boss — You have always tried to attract young consumers, and our consultants have always come up with new ways to label them. The trouble is that coming up with rules to define a group of humanity is more art than science. It is likely to become an exercise in applying stereotypes (刻板印象); not every youngster is drinking kombucha in a Brooklyn storehouse. Luckily you have me, and I’m here to tell you that much of what is written about marketing to today’s most prized consumers is a myth. Start with the idea that, glued to smartphones, youngsters barely notice the physical world and passively follow the latest hit from Instagram or TikTok. It’s true that the days of marketing chiefly through television, newspapers and magazines are long gone. However, social media has not just changed the ways people discover brands; it has weakened the power of marketing as a whole. Online, talk is cheap and prices are readily Googled. Digital natives, therefore, can easily fact-check our suspicious marketing claims and ads. Surveys suggest that young Americans are among the most price-sensitive food shoppers. It doesn’t help that they have accumulated less wealth than earlier generations had by the same age. There is a similar urge to think that physical shops no longer matter. Young consumers love their Amazon deliveries. It makes sense for our company to make sales via social media and ship directly to customers’ homes. But what works best is the close integration of the digital and physical worlds. Remember those online-only beauty brands like Glossier, which took the world by storm during the pandemic. It turns out that they struggle to get repeat business and have had to pair up with physical shops. What really matters is avoiding insincerity. Dishonesty is easily exposed online, where everyone loves a takedown. Remember the strong resistance to Boohoo, a fast-fashion firm, when it appointed Kourtney Kardashian, a celebrity leading a luxurious life, as a “sustainability ambassador”? And commit only to causes you can tangibly support and be frank when you are putting profits first. Anyway, nobody is perfect. To pretend otherwise is so 2013. We are people just as our customers are and people contain multitudes (群众). 1．What is the problem with finding rules to define a group of people? A．It is strongly refused by young people. B．It tends to apply fixed labels to everyone. C．It requires scientific methods rather than artistic ones. D．It fails to include the Brooklyn storehouse culture. 2．Why are the surveys about young Americans mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To reveal their incompetence in saving money. B．To illustrate they are sensitive to the prices of food online. C．To prove they are not passive receivers of online marketing tricks. D．To demonstrate marketing has a great impact on their spending habits. 3．Which of the following statements may the author agree with? A．Celebrities work as reliable ambassadors. B．Young customers don’t visit physical shops. C．Dishonesty in marketing was not rare in 2013. D．Traditional media still play a major role in marketing. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．How to Sell to the Young: From Myth to Truth B．How to Attract the Young: Honesty and Profits C．How to Expand Youth Market: From Ideas to Practice D．How to Increase Sales Online: Labeling and Marketing Passage 11 As a child development psychologist, I’ve spent countless hours observing childhood friendships. What strikes me most is that it’s a cinch for young children to form connections. It needs no emotional scoring systems that often exist in adult relationships. They don’t keep track of who called last, who initiated the play date, or who shared their snacks more often; they just get along and click. This observation leads me to a truth about adult friendships: the most lasting bonds are built on joy and acceptance rather than careful scorekeeping. Unlike the playground friendships I observe daily, many adult relationships suffer from what I call “deep scoring” — the habit of keeping detailed mental records of friendship deals. We track who reached out last, who canceled plans, or who shared more information. When a six-year-old’s friend forgets to save them a swing, children might feel momentarily disappointed, but they rarely carry that hurt forward into the next interaction. They focus on current joy rather than past slights. As adults, we can learn from this approach. When we catch ourselves mentally working out friendship debts, we can stop and ask: “What would a child do in this situation?” Often, the answer involves letting go of the score and focusing on the genuine affection we feel for our friend here and now. The next time you find yourself mentally calculating friendship debts, remember the simple wisdom of children approaching the playground, who simply offer their genuine selves and remain open about connections. This approach doesn’t guarantee that every friendship will last forever, but it ensures that the ones that can last will be built on the strongest possible foundation: care without any conditions. Our adult friendships deserve the same pure intention and open-heartedness. When we stop keep ing score and start keeping faith in the fundamental goodness of human connections, we create space for friendships that truly last forever. 1．What does the underlined part “a cinch” mean in paragraph 1? A．Effortless. B．Emotionless. C．Unexpected. D．Unusual. 2．What does the author find about adult friendships? A．They are built on mutual care. B．They involve constant calculation. C．They are hard to last for long. D．They go less deeper than children’s. 3．What should adults learn from children’s approach? A．Never hurting friends. B．Interacting more actively. C．Living in the moment. D．Forgetting conflict quickly. 4．What suggestion does the author make in the last paragraph? A．Trusting friends unconditionally. B．Establishing lifelong friendships. C．Understanding others’ intentions. D．Treating friends in a sincere way. Passage 12 Young people’s engagement with social media platforms like TikTok and Instagram is shaping how they understand and interact with the natural world, offering opportunities to connect their online experiences with meaningful encounters with nature, a new study reveals. The research, published in People and Nature, found that teenagers often encounter nature through their time online, which influences their perceptions and behaviors when visiting the countryside. These digital baselines provide educators, policymakers and outdoor leaders with a unique starting point for building deeper connections with nature. Dr. Jack Reed, from the University of Exeter, who led the study, said, “Young people are not separating their online and offline worlds the way previous generations might have. Their experiences of nature can begin online, and this influences how they engage with the outdoors in person. Rather than resisting this change, we can adopt it and use it as a tool to inspire stronger connections with the natural world.” The study emphasizes that “screen based nature” content, from outdoor challenges to virtual environments, is shaping how young people come to know nature. Social media platforms offer round-the-clock access to natural imagery and ideas, inspiring trends like nature-inspired art and outdoor adventures. While these digital interactions lack the sensory richness of being outdoors, they present exciting opportunities to introduce young people to real-life experiences in nature. Dr. Reed said, “It’s clear that young people are learning about nature in new and innovative ways. By recognizing and building on this, we can create educational programs that meet them where they are at and inspire real-world exploration. This approach allows us to connect young people’s online inspirations to the practical benefits of being outdoors.” “There’s no value in trying to deny young people’s use of technology — it’s part of their world,” Dr. Reed said. “Instead, we can celebrate and channel their digital experiences to build meaningful, real-world connections to nature.” 1．What does the underlined part “this change” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Young people’s engaging with social media platforms. B．Young people’s beginning exploring the natural world. C．Young people’s separating their online and offline worlds. D．Young people’s integrating their online and offline worlds. 2．Which of the following is mentioned as a positive effect of “screen-based nature” content? A．It motivates real-world interests. B．It provides a sensory-rich experience. C．It avoids dangerous outdoor adventures. D．It reduces the need for experiences in nature. 3．How does Dr. Reed view young people’s use of social media platforms? A．It’s useless. B．It’s necessary. C．It’s fashionable. D．It’s unbelievable. 4．What does Dr. Reed emphasize about educating young people? A．Limiting technology use to prioritize outdoor activities. B．Replacing digital experiences with traditional education. C．Using online experiences to inspire real-world exploration. D．Encouraging young people to get more digital experiences. Passage 13 Nowadays, various forms of technology and their applications have transformed our teenagers’ lives and our experiences as parents, most often not for the better. As the parent of a 10-year-old and a 14-year-old, I can say that not a week has gone by in nearly a decade that the use of such technologies hasn’t led to some form of disagreement. And at this point it’s clear that such is the experience of households all over the country. Endless elements of day-to-day life, including especially for young people learning and socialization, have been negatively impacted. That’s why I am drawn to Jonathan Haidt’s work, The Amazing Generation. The first part includes background information on the rise of smartphones and the “attention economy”. It also has many infographics (信息图) and visuals, including one of my favorites, “Screen Time Calculator That You Can Use to Shock People. ” “1 hour per day=15 full days per year. 2 hours per day=1 full month per year. Etc.” This is a page I wouldn’t mind seeing hung on classroom walls, including the college classrooms where I teach. The second part is a fictional story about six young people. In one scene, heavy social media user Alex finally joins his phone-free friend Jax at a skate park. Then, we see Jax trying out different skating skills in the background, by the end falling onto the ground after another heroic attempt, which are in contrast to Alex’s phone screen, which he has been glued to, from a nearby bench, first searching for skating tips then watching world championship skating highlights. The author ends by noting that while it is often thrilling to have the world at your fingertips, it’s hard to deny the losses that accumulate when real life trial-and-error is replaced by passive viewing. That’s what The Amazing Generation can do — get young people thinking more critically about the products that shape their everyday lives. 1．What can we learn about the author’s family from paragraph 1? A．They look down upon each other’s learning ability. B．Arguments constantly occur over the use of technology. C．Disagreement mostly happens between the two children. D．They envy the harmonious relationship in other households. 2．What is Screen Time Calculator about? A．The key to learning math. B．The value of teenagers’ time. C．The art of classroom management. D．The amount of time spent on technology. 3．What does Jonathan Haidt intend to show by using the story of Jax and Alex? A．In-person experience matters a lot. B．Training without guidance leads nowhere. C．Too much screen time does harm to eyesight. D．Champions’ experience is helpful for beginners. 4．Which of the following best describe The Amazing Generation? A．Plain and amusing. B．Boring and hard to understand. C．Practical and educational. D．Imaginative and well-received. Passage 14 People might not realize that one basic life necessity has slipped from their control: meals. With the rise of online platforms, people enjoy the freedom to get anything quickly and at a reasonable price. However, food writer Chen Yuhui argues in her book Who Decides What to Eat that this convenience has robbed people of their autonomy over food, reflecting a greater loss of community life in a result-driven society that prioritizes efficiency. “Many people don’t realize how often their dining choices are made for them,” Chen says. For instance, a boss’s request for overtime changes their dinner plans; or a restaurant discount offer influences where they eat. These, she explains, are passive choices. Chen cites another common complaint: tomatoes that taste plain compared to childhood memories. This reveals a deeper loss — commercially dominant, hard-skinned varieties are “more fitting for long-distance transportation,” sacrificing flavor and the community life once built around fresh markets. Chen also worries about the decline of people’s ability to choose food wisely. Young people buy ingredients online without market experience and may think plain food is just how it’s supposed to be. Chen further notes that online food images are “zombie-like” — they show lifeless food, unlike the fresh produce in markets, and this limits people’s imagination about food. However, when she shares tips on selecting fresh produce in markets, she often gets requests for shopping links instead. Chen connects these attitudes to a broader mindset: “Buying groceries and cooking involve a certain level of acceptance of mistakes. Yet many today seem to have little patience with them.” The focus on results makes delivery appealing, as people believe it guarantees a better outcome. Beyond the loss of autonomy, Chen sees something deeper in food — it’s a microcosm for understanding the world. “If you love tomatoes but find them plain, do you complain or invest effort to find flavorful ones? Searching for the right variety shows different problem-solving abilities, which is what I mean by food being the smallest unit for understanding the world,” she concludes. 1．What does the first paragraph mainly introduce? A．Advances in food technology. B．The hidden cost of food convenience. C．Changing habits of dining out. D．The popularity of online food shopping. 2．What does Chen mean by describing online food images as “zombie-like”? A．They look too perfect to be real. B．They discourage interest in cooking. C．They push people to order takeout. D．They fail to show real and lively food. 3．What does people’s preference for delivery reveal? A．Their desire to avoid uncertainty. B．Their over-reliance on technology. C．Their view of cooking as a burden. D．Their separation from food sources. 4．What message does the text want to convey? A．Returning to markets can restore food autonomy. B．The loss of food flavor is unavoidable nowadays. C．Online platforms have changed people’s lifestyle. D．Our relationship with food mirrors our world view. Passage 15 Philosophy departments are ruled by rankings. Philosophers are supposed to be clear thinkers; shouldn’t they see through thought traps like this? The problem is that metrics (衡量标准) are appealing. Once something is ranked, it becomes almost impossible to get that ranking out of your head. Over time, this can lead to what C． Thi Nguyen calls “value capture”. Nguyen, a philosophy professor, is also a rock climber. When he first took up the sport, what he loved was the joy of using his body in challenging ways. Routes have difficulty scores; these motivated him. But soon he started chasing higher scores, believing the point of climbing was to conquer increasingly demanding routes. “The more desperately I wanted it, the more unpleasant my climbing got,” he wrote. His climbing became less about joy and more about winning. It wasn’t until he saw another climber focus on the beauty of the climb, not just reaching the top, that Nguyen remembered his original passion. He then stopped chasing scores and truly enjoyed the climbing itself. It’s hard to resist “value capture” because our real values are often unclear. We might enjoy cooking, for instance, but then start believing that only more complicated recipes are truly better. We might love traveling, but then try to visit too many places in a rush, thinking a “successful” trip means doing it all. There’s often a gap between what is measured and what truly matters. As Nguyen points out, “Many of the important things in life seem to consistently defy measurement.” To avoid being controlled by external measures, Nguyen suggests we learn from games. Games teach us the difference between a “goal” and a “purpose”. For example, when playing charades (打哑谜猜字游戏) with family, your goal might be to win, but your real purpose is to have fun and connect with loved ones. By understanding this crucial difference, we can focus on our deeper purposes and avoid letting external scores capture our true values. 1．How does “value capture” affect us according to the passage? A．It misdirects our true priorities. B．It makes our aims much higher. C．It defines our personal purposes. D．It helps us clarify our external goals. 2．What does Nguyen’s climbing story primarily illustrate? A．The joy of accomplishing a task. B．The risk of losing inner pleasure. C．The difficulty of mastering skills. D．The importance of observing others. 3．According to the passage, why do people follow external metrics? A．Outside standards never lead us wrong. B．Rankings create pressure to compete. C．External metrics promise a clear path to success. D．Clear aims are easier to grasp than inner worth. 4．How does the example of charades help explain Nguyen’s solution? A．Proving that games don’t have external rules. B．Showing that winning matters most in games. C．Suggesting that family games are meaningless. D．Distinguishing winning from genuine enjoyment. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $