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新译林版八年级上册 U1知识点总结 形容词、副词比较级与最高级 一、形容词变比较级、最高级 规则变形 口诀:一个伤心的大胖子,热红温,湿了,变瘦子(sad/big/fat/hot/red/wet/slim) 1. 一般直接加‑er(比较级),直接加‑est(最高级) 例:small smaller smallest 2. 不发音e结尾,加‑r,加‑st 例:nice nicer nicest 3. 辅元辅,重读闭音节,双写+‑er,双写+‑est 例:fat fatter fattest 4. 辅音+y结尾,变y为i+‑er,变y为i+‑est 例:heavy heavier heaviest 5. 多音节:more + 原级,most + 原级 例:wonderful more wonderful most wonderful 二、副词变比较级、最高级 规则变形 1. 单音节短副词,加‑er,加‑est 例:hard harder hardest 2. “长”副词,以‑ly结尾副词:more + 原级,most + 原级 例:carefully more carefully most carefully 3. 个别特殊 early earlier earliest late later latest 三、形容词/副词不规则变形 原|比较级|最高级 1. many/much|more|most 2. good/well|better|best 3. bad/badly/ill|worse|worst 4. old|older(年龄更大)|oldest |elder(辈分更长)|eldest 5. far|farther(距离更远)|farthest |further(距离更远;程度更深)|furthest 6. little|less|least 四、原级考点 1. 与……一样:as … as 2. 不如:not as … as ;not so … as 五、比较级考点 1. 比较级前修饰词:much / even / a bit / a little / far 比较级标志性关键词:than 2. Who/Which is +比较级,A or B? 3. 翻译:越来越…… ① 单音节:比较级 and 比较级 ② 多音节:more and more +原级 4. 翻译:越……,越……:The +比较级 …,the +比较级 … 5. 翻译:两者中较……:the +比较级 + of the two… 6. 同范围比较 “比”than:any other +名词单数;the other +名词复数 异范围比较 “比”than:any +名词单数 7. 防止句子中单词重复出现,使用代词:that代不可数名词、名词单数;those代名词复数 例句:The weather in Nanjing is hotter than that in Siyang. 8. 否定词+“比较级”体现“最高级”含义 例句:I have never seen a better (good) film than this. 9. the number of … ……的数量,只能比较大小(small/big/large) price 价格,只能比较高低(high/low) 物品,只能比较贵贱(expensive/cheap) 10. 数量比较 ① 比……更多:more +名词 + than 最多:the most ② 比……更少(可数名词):fewer +可数名词复数 + than 最少:the fewest +可数名词复数 ③ 比……更少(不可数名词):less +不可数名词 + than 最少:the least +不可数名词 六、最高级考点 1. 最高级前加 the /形容词性物主代词/名词所有格 2. 三个范围介词 in / among / of 搭配最高级 3. one of the +最高级 +名词复数 4. Who/which is +最高级,A,B or C ? 5. 翻译:第几个最……的:the +序数词+最高级+名词复数 七、词性转换 high adj.&adv. n. height weigh v. n. weight 问:……多高?What's the height of …? 答:200米高 200 metres high / in height 问:……多重?How much does… weigh ? = What's the weight of …? 八、时间名词 年 year;月 month;日 day;时 hour;分 minute;秒 second 九、后缀‑ful 和‑less 名词 形容词‑ful(充满……) 形容词‑less(无……) care 关怀,照顾 careful 小心的 careless 粗心的 hope 希望 hopeful 有希望的 hopeless 绝望的 use 使用 useful 有用的 useless 无用的 cheer 欢呼 cheerful 开朗的 cheerless 阴郁的 end 结尾 — endless 无止境的 help 帮助 helpful 有帮助的 helpless 无助的 meaning 意思 meaningful 有意义的 meaningless 无意义的 sleep 睡觉 — sleepless 无眠的 taste 味道 tasteful 有品位的 tasteless 无味道的 thought 想法 thoughtful 考虑周到的,体贴的 thoughtless 欠缺考虑的 colour 颜色 colourful 多彩的 colourless 无色的,无趣的 十、短语与句型 1. look on the bright side of things 看到事物光明的一面 2. a sleepless night 一个无眠的夜晚;a sleepless city 一座不夜城 3. give me some useful advice 给我一些有用的建议 suggestion(可数名词);advice(不可数名词) v. suggest:suggest doing sth v. advise:advise sb to do sth 4. a wonderful (wonder) day with a cloudless (cloud) blue sky 晴朗无云的美妙一天 5. however 然而,常用,逗号隔开 6. enough用法:形容词/副词 + enough;enough +名词;enough to do sth 足够……去做某事 7. see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做……;see sb do sth 看见某人经常做…… 例句:see people flying kites 看见人们放风筝 8. get caught in a tree 被卡在树上 P6‑P11 单元词汇、短语、句型 1. friend n.朋友;friendship n.友谊 build strong and healthy friendships 建立牢固且健康的友谊 adj. friendly 友好的;be friendly to sb 对某人友好 2. rich adj.富有的;v. enrich 丰富,充实;enrich our lives 充实我们的生活 3. What makes (make) good friends? 什么样的人适合成为好朋友? What do you think makes (make) good friends? 你认为什么样的人适合成为好朋友? do you think 是插入语,去掉不影响句子成分 4. help v.帮助 help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 help sb with sth 帮助某人某事 with the help of sb / with one's help 在某人的帮助下 without the help of sb / without one's help 没有某人的帮助 adj. helpful 乐于助人的,有帮助的;helpless 无助的 stand by your side 站在你身边 5. honest adj.诚实的;反 dishonest adj.不诚实的 n. honesty 诚实 an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩;a dishonest boy 一个不诚实的男孩 6. tell the truth 讲事实,说实话;to be honest 说实话 adj. true 真实的;adv. truly 真正地;n. truth 事实,真相 7. cheer v.欢呼,喝彩,鼓励 cheer for sb 为某人欢呼;cheer sb up 让某人振作 adj. cheerful 快乐的,乐观的;a cheerful person 一个乐观的人 8. humor n.幽默;adj. humorous 幽默的 Millie has a great sense of humor.=Millie is humorous. Millie幽默感很好。 sense of smell/hearing/learning/direction/time 嗅觉/听觉/语感/方向感/时间观 9. be good at telling jokes to make you laugh 擅长讲笑话让你大笑 joke n.笑话;joker n.小丑 play a joke on sb 开某人玩笑 10. care v.关怀,照顾 adj. caring 体贴人的;careful 细心的;be careful with 对……细心;careless 粗心的 11. hard‑working adj.勤奋的 polite adj.礼貌的;反 impolite 没礼貌的;adv. politely;反 impolitely tidy adj.整洁的;反 untidy 不整洁的 12. lie v.撒谎:过去式 lied;‑ing形式 lying;lie to sb 对某人撒谎 v.躺;位于:过去式 lay;‑ing形式 lying;lie on the ground 躺在地上 n.谎言:tell lies to sb / tell a lie to sb 对某人撒谎 13. trust sb / believe in sb 信任某人 14. 四个“花费” sb spend 时间/钱 on sth;sb spend 时间/钱 (in) doing sth It takes sb 时间 to do sth sb pay 钱 for sth sth cost sb 钱 15. agree v.同意 agree to do sth 同意做某事 agree with sb 同意某人的观点 I can't agree more. 我非常同意 v. disagree 不赞成;n. agreement 同意 16. thought n.想法,复数 thoughts share your thoughts with sb 与某人分享你的想法 adj. thoughtful 考虑周到的,体贴的;thoughtless 欠缺考虑的 17. my best friend 我最好的朋友 最高级前加the /形容词性物主代词/名词所有格 18. a slim girl with big bright eyes 一个有着明亮大眼睛的苗条女孩 19. Her hair is longer (long) than mine (I). 她的头发比我的更长。 名词性物主代词:mine我的;ours我们的;his他的;its它的;yours你的;yours你们的;hers她的;theirs他们的 20. wear her hair in a ponytail 把她的头发扎成马尾辫 21. be ready to do sth / be willing to do sth 乐意做某事 22. give up the seat on the bus to someone in need 在公交车上给有需要的人让座 give up 放弃;give it up 放弃它;give up doing sth 放弃做某事 give短语拓展 give away 捐赠,赠送 give out = hand out 分发 give back (to) = return 归还 23. help us with our schoolwork 在学校作业上帮助我们 schoolwork 学校作业(可数或不可数均可) 24. trust v./n.信任;adj. trustworthy 值得信赖的 25. When something worries (worry) me, I always go to her. 当某事困扰我时,我总是去找她。 worry n.烦恼,忧愁;share my worries with sb 与某人分享我的烦恼 vt.使……困扰;sth worries sb 某事使某人困扰 vi.担心;sb worry about … 某人担心…… adj. worried 担心的;sb be worried about … 某人担心…… 26. listen to me carefully 认真听我说 careful adj.小心的,仔细的 carefully adv. careless adj.粗心的 carelessly adv. 27. cheer me up 使我振作;cheer for me 为我喝彩 28. feel down 感到沮丧 29. wonderful 比较级:more wonderful;最高级:most wonderful the most wonderful friend in my life 我生命中最棒的朋友 30. 身高表达:数词+单位+tall/high/long/wide;数词+单位+in height/length/width 例句:This building is 200 metres high / in height. 这座大楼200米高。 31. wear small round glasses 戴着又小又圆的眼镜 32. make him look a little bit funny 使他看起来有一点好笑 make用法:make sb do sth 让某人做某事;make sb +形容词 让某人…… a bit / a little / a little bit +形容词;a bit of / a little +不可数名词 33. bore v.使无聊 adj. bored(修饰人)感到厌倦;be/feel bored with 对……感到厌倦 adj. boring(修饰物)令人厌烦的;a boring film 一部令人无聊的电影 34. energy n.精力,能量;adj. energetic 精力充沛的;比较级 more energetic 35. stay active by doing sport and other club activities 通过做运动和其他俱乐部活动保持活跃 act v.行动 n. action 行动;take action to do sth 采取行动做某事 n. actor 男演员;actress 女演员 n. activity 活动 adj. active 活跃的,积极的 by介词,后接doing 36. never seem to get tired 似乎从不感到疲惫 seem v.系动词 seem to do sth 似乎做某事;seem +形容词 似乎…… tire v.使疲劳 adj. tiring(修饰物)使人疲劳的;tired(修饰人)疲惫的 37. feel like 感觉像;想要;feel like doing sth 想要做某事 be like 像;look like 看起来像 38. give up on difficult tasks 放弃困难的任务 give up doing sth 39. encourage me to keep trying 鼓励我继续尝试 encourage sb (not) to do sth 鼓励某人(不)做某事 n. courage 勇气;have courage to do sth 有勇气做某事 keep keep doing sth 继续做某事 keep +形容词 保持…… keep hens 养鸡 40. That means a lot to me. 对我来说意义重大。 41. I believe we will be (be) best (good) friends for life. 我相信我们将是终身最好的朋友。 believe +(that)宾语从句 42. common adj.共同的,常见的,普通的(common sense 常识) have … in common 有共同之处;common sense 常识 43. moreover / what's more 此外 44. mind相关短语 on one's mind 挂念,惦念 mind doing sth 介意做某事 Never mind. 没关系。 change one's mind 改变某人的想法 make up one's mind to do sth 下定决心做某事 45. secret n.秘密 keep secrets 保密 keep secrets for sb 为……保密 keep secrets to oneself 对……保密 P12‑P14 1. see a bear coming towards them 看见一只熊朝他们过来 2. scare v.使害怕 scary adj.令人害怕的(修饰物) scared adj.害怕的(修饰人)≈afraid be scared of sth 害怕某物;be scared to do sth 害怕做某事 3. fail v.失败;fail to do sth 失败做某事;n. failure 失败 4. fight the bear alone 独自与熊搏斗 fight with … 与……打架;fight for … 为……打架 三个“独自”:alone / on one's own / by oneself 5. lie v.躺,过去式 lay;lie down on the ground 躺在地上 6. The bear will leave (leave) me alone if it thinks (think) I'm dead. 如果熊认为我死了,它就会放过我。 if 如果,主将从现 leave me alone 放过我,让我独自呆着;leave sb +形容词 使……处于某种状态 leave 用法:leave sp 离开某地;leave for sp 前往某地;leave sth +介词短语 把某物落在…… 7. die v.死,过去式 died die out 灭绝;die of 死于(内因);die from 死于(外因) n. death 死亡;adj. dead 死的;adj. dying 将死的 8. come close to 靠近;be gone 离开 9. leave you in times of danger 让你处于危险中 n. danger 危险;adj. dangerous 危险的 be in danger 处于危险中;be out of danger 脱离危险;in the face of danger 面临危险 10. brave adj.勇敢的;adv. bravely;be brave to do sth 勇敢的做某事 11. smile at sb 对某人微笑 12. introduce you to others 把你介绍给其他人 13. 三个“借” borrow … from … 从……借来…… lend … to … 借……给…… keep … for +时间段 借……(一段时间) 14. get along with 与某人和睦相处 15. be a good listener 成为一名好的倾听者 16. nod from time to time 时不时点头 nod‑ing形式 nodding;过去式 nodded 17. care about your friends' feelings 关心你朋友们的情感 18. chance n.机会 give sb a chance to do sth 给某人一个做某事的机会 have a chance to do sth 有做某事的机会 19. Once you are friends, there are some ways to make(make) sure your friendship lasts (last). 一旦你们是朋友,有一些简单的方式确保你们的友谊长存。 last v.持续 adj. lasting 持久的 20. forget to do sth 忘记做某事;forget doing sth 忘记已经做过的事 21. I think it is more important to have a few really good friends. 我认为拥有几个真正的好朋友更重要。 22. get to know(know) each other better(good) 有机会更好了解彼此 get to do sth 有机会做某事 23. maybe adv.也许,大概,放句首;may be 情态动词+动词原形,也许是,放句中 Maybe he is at home.=He may be at home. 他也许在家。 24. You have a point. 你说的有道理。 25. 你认为你最好的朋友怎么样?(4种) How do you feel about your best friend? How do you find your best friend? What do you think of your best friend? 26. her bright smiling eyes 她明亮且带有笑意的眼睛 smile v.微笑;smile at me 对我微笑;adj. smiling 带有笑意的 smile n.微笑;have a smile on one's face 面带微笑 27. patient adj.耐心的;反 impatient;n.病人 be patient with sb 对某人有耐心;be patient to do sth 耐心的做某事 28. be good at doing sth / do well in doing sth 擅长做某事 29. hope hope to do sth 希望做某事 hope +(that)从句,从句常用can do / will do hope for sth 渴望某物 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $